| modeling and biological control of mosquitoes. | models can be useful at many different levels when considering complex issues such as biological control of mosquitoes. at an early stage, exploratory models are valuable in exploring the characteristics of an ideal biological control agent and for guidance in data collection. when more data are available, models can be used to explore alternative control strategies and the likelihood of success. there are few modeling studies that explicitly consider biological control in mosquitoes; however, t ... | 0 | 17853610 |
| a spatially explicit metapopulation model and cattle trade analysis suggests key determinants for the recurrent circulation of rift valley fever virus in a pilot area of madagascar highlands. | rift valley fever (rvf) is a vector-borne zoonotic disease that causes high morbidity and mortality in ruminants. in 2008-2009, a rvf outbreak affected the whole madagascar island, including the anjozorobe district located in madagascar highlands. an entomological survey showed the absence of aedes among the potential rvf virus (rvfv) vector species identified in this area, and an overall low abundance of mosquitoes due to unfavorable climatic conditions during winter. no serological nor virolog ... | 2014 | 25474116 |
| international union of basic and clinical pharmacology. [corrected]. lxxxix. update on the extended family of chemokine receptors and introducing a new nomenclature for atypical chemokine receptors. | sixteen years ago, the nomenclature committee of the international union of pharmacology approved a system for naming human seven-transmembrane (7tm) g protein-coupled chemokine receptors, the large family of leukocyte chemoattractant receptors that regulates immune system development and function, in large part by mediating leukocyte trafficking. this was announced in pharmacological reviews in a major overview of the first decade of research in this field [murphy pm, baggiolini m, charo if, hé ... | 2013 | 24218476 |
| anopheles gambiae salivary protein expression modulated by wild plasmodium falciparum infection: highlighting of new antigenic peptides as candidates of an. gambiae bites. | malaria is the major parasitic disease worldwide caused by plasmodium infection. the objective of integrated malaria control programs is to decrease malaria transmission, which needs specific tools to be accurately assessed. in areas where the transmission is low or has been substantially reduced, new complementary tools have to be developed to improve surveillance. a recent approach, based on the human antibody response to anopheles salivary proteins, has been shown to be efficient in evaluatin ... | 2014 | 25526764 |
| divergent viruses discovered in arthropods and vertebrates revise the evolutionary history of the flaviviridae and related viruses. | viruses of the family flaviviridae are important pathogens of humans and other animals and are currently classified into four genera. to better understand their diversity, evolutionary history, and genomic flexibility, we used transcriptome sequencing (rna-seq) to search for the viruses related to the flaviviridae in a range of potential invertebrate and vertebrate hosts. accordingly, we recovered the full genomes of five segmented jingmenviruses and 12 distant relatives of the known flavivirida ... | 2015 | 26491167 |
| selective factors associated with the evolution of codon usage in natural populations of arboviruses. | arboviruses (arthropod borne viruses) have life cycles that include both vertebrate and invertebrate hosts with substantial differences in vector and host specificity between different viruses. most arboviruses utilize rna for their genetic material and are completely dependent on host trnas for their translation, suggesting that virus codon usage could be a target for selection. in the current study we analyzed the relative synonymous codon usage (rscu) patterns of 26 arboviruses together with ... | 2016 | 27455096 |
| transcriptome of the female synganglion of the black-legged tick ixodes scapularis (acari: ixodidae) with comparison between illumina and 454 systems. | illumina and 454 pyrosequencing were used to characterize genes from the synganglion of female ixodes scapularis. go term searching success for biological processes was similar for samples sequenced by both methods. however, for molecular processes, it was more successful for the illumina samples than for 454 samples. functional assignments of transcripts predicting neuropeptides, neuropeptide receptors, neurotransmitter receptors and other genes of interest was done, supported by strong e-value ... | 2014 | 25075967 |
| deorphanization and target validation of cross-tick species conserved novel amblyomma americanum tick saliva protein. | we previously identified a cross-tick species conserved tick feeding stimuli responsive amblyomma americanum (aam) av422 gene. this study demonstrates that aamav422 belongs to a novel group of arthropod proteins that is characterized by 14 cysteine amino acid residues: c(23)-x7/9-c(33)-x23/24-c(58)-x8-c(67)-x7-c(75)-x23-c(99)-x15-c(115)-x10-c(126)-x24/25/33-c(150)c(151)-x7-c(159)-x8-c(168)-x23/24-c(192)-x9/10-c(202) predicted to form seven disulfide bonds. we show that aamav422 protein is a ubiq ... | 2013 | 23428900 |
| virus discovery using tick cell lines. | while ticks have been known to harbor and transmit pathogenic arboviruses for over 80 years, the application of high-throughput sequencing technologies has revealed that ticks also appear to harbor a diverse range of endogenous tick-only viruses belonging to many different families. almost nothing is known about these viruses; indeed, it is unclear in most cases whether the identified viral sequences are derived from actual replication-competent viruses or from endogenous virus elements incorpor ... | 2016 | 27679414 |
| detection and identification of putative bacterial endosymbionts and endogenous viruses in tick cell lines. | as well as being vectors of many viral, bacterial, and protozoan pathogens of medical and veterinary importance, ticks harbour a variety of microorganisms which are not known to be pathogenic for vertebrate hosts. continuous cell lines established from ixodid and argasid ticks could be infected with such endosymbiotic bacteria and endogenous viruses, but to date very few cell lines have been examined for their presence. dna and rna extracted from over 50 tick cell lines deposited in the roslin w ... | 2012 | 22743047 |
| wolbachia and the insect immune system: what reactive oxygen species can tell us about the mechanisms of wolbachia-host interactions. | wolbachia are intracellular bacteria that infect a vast range of arthropod species, making them one of the most prevalent endosymbionts in the world. wolbachia's stunning evolutionary success is mostly due to their reproductive parasitism but also to mutualistic effects such as increased host fecundity or protection against pathogens. however, the mechanisms underlying wolbachia phenotypes, both parasitic and mutualistic, are only poorly understood. moreover, it is unclear how the insect immune ... | 2015 | 26579107 |
| metagenomic profile of the viral communities in rhipicephalus spp. ticks from yunnan, china. | besides mosquitoes, ticks are regarded as the primary source of vector-borne infectious diseases. indeed, a wide variety of severe infectious human diseases, including those involving viruses, are transmitted by ticks in many parts of the world. to date, there are no published reports on the use of next-generation sequencing for studying viral diversity in ticks or discovering new viruses in these arthropods from china. here, ion-torrent sequencing was used to investigate the presence of viruses ... | 2015 | 25799057 |
| molecular and functional properties of p2x receptors--recent progress and persisting challenges. | atp-gated p2x receptors are trimeric ion channels that assemble as homo- or heteromers from seven cloned subunits. transcripts and/or proteins of p2x subunits have been found in most, if not all, mammalian tissues and are being discovered in an increasing number of non-vertebrates. both the first crystal structure of a p2x receptor and the generation of knockout (ko) mice for five of the seven cloned subtypes greatly advanced our understanding of their molecular and physiological function and th ... | 2012 | 22547202 |
| vaccination against bm86 homologues in rabbits does not impair ixodes ricinus feeding or oviposition. | human tick-borne diseases that are transmitted by ixodes ricinus, such as lyme borreliosis and tick borne encephalitis, are on the rise in europe. diminishing i. ricinus populations in nature can reduce tick exposure to humans, and one way to do so is by developing an anti-vector vaccine against tick antigens. currently, there is only one anti-vector vaccine available against ticks, which is a veterinary vaccine based on the tick antigen bm86 in the gut of rhipicephalus microplus. bm86 vaccine f ... | 2015 | 25919587 |
| molecular detection of anaplasma spp. and ehrlichia spp. in ruminants from twelve provinces of china. | anaplasma spp. and ehrlichia spp. are tick-transmitted bacteria that are of significant economic importance as they can infect large and small ruminants and also people. there is little information on anaplasmosis and ehrlichiosis in ruminants in china. 16s rrna fret-qpcrs were used to screen convenience whole blood samples from 2,240 domestic ruminants in 12 provinces of china for anaplasma spp. and ehrlichia spp. positive samples were further analyzed with a standard pcr for the glta. anaplasm ... | 2016 | 28096822 |
| molecular detection and characterization of zoonotic and veterinary pathogens in ticks from northeastern china. | tick-borne diseases are considered as emerging infectious diseases in humans and animals in china. in this study, ixodes persulcatus (n = 1699), haemaphysalis concinna (n = 412), haemaphysalis longicornis (n = 390), dermacentor nuttalli (n = 253), and dermacentor silvarum (n = 204) ticks were collected by flagging from northeastern china, and detected for infection with anaplasma, ehrlichia, babesia, and hepatozoon spp. by using nested polymerase chain reaction assays and sequencing analysis. an ... | 2016 | 27965644 |
| rural residents in china are at increased risk of exposure to tick-borne pathogens anaplasma phagocytophilum and ehrlichia chaffeensis. | as emerging tick born rickettsial diseases caused by a. phagocytophilum and e. chaffeensis, anaplasmosis and ehrlichiosis have become a serious threat to human and animal health throughout the world. in particular, in china, an unusual transmission of nosocomial cases of human granulocytic anaplasmosis occurred in anhui province in 2006 and more recent coinfection case of a. phagocytophilum and e. chaffeensis was documented in shandong province. although the seroprevalence of human granulocytic ... | 2014 | 24877080 |
| assessment of four dna fragments (coi, 16s rdna, its2, 12s rdna) for species identification of the ixodida (acari: ixodida). | the 5' region of cytochrome oxidase i (coi) is the standard marker for dna barcoding. however, coi has proved to be of limited use in identifying some species, and for some taxa, the coding sequence is not efficiently amplified by pcr. these deficiencies lead to uncertainty as to whether coi is the most suitable barcoding fragment for species identification of ticks. | 2014 | 24589289 |
| amblyomma cajennense is an intrastadial biological vector of theileria equi. | the apicomplexan hemoprotozoan parasite theileria equi is one of the etiologic agents causing equine piroplasmosis, a disease of equines that is endemic throughout large parts of the world. before 2009 the united states had been considered to be free of this parasite. occasional cases had occurred but there was no evidence for endemic vector-borne transmission in the u.s. until a 2009 outbreak in texas in which dermacentor variabilis and amblyomma cajennense were implicated as vectors. although ... | 2013 | 24499587 |
| update on tick-borne rickettsioses around the world: a geographic approach. | tick-borne rickettsioses are caused by obligate intracellular bacteria belonging to the spotted fever group of the genus rickettsia. these zoonoses are among the oldest known vector-borne diseases. however, in the past 25 years, the scope and importance of the recognized tick-associated rickettsial pathogens have increased dramatically, making this complex of diseases an ideal paradigm for the understanding of emerging and reemerging infections. several species of tick-borne rickettsiae that wer ... | 0 | 24092850 |
| sfts virus in ticks in an endemic area of china. | in total, 3,145 ticks of the species haemaphysalis longicornis (3,048; 96.9%), r. microplus (82; 2.6%), h. campanulata (9; 0.3%), and dermacentor sinicus (5; 0.2%) were collected from animals and vegetation at yantai in shandong province. both adult and immature ticks were obtained, and all ticks collected from vegetation were unfed. eggs were obtained from 22 blood-fed female ticks through maintenance at room temperature after collection. severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (sftsv ... | 2015 | 25711611 |
| detection of spotted fever group rickettsiae in ticks from zhejiang province, china. | tick species distribution and prevalence of spotted fever group rickettsiae (sfgr) in ticks were investigated in zhejiang province, china in 2010 and 2011. pcr was used to detect sfgr and positive amplicons were sequenced, compared to published sequences and phylogenic analysis was performed using mega 4.0. a total of 292 adult ticks of ten species were captured and 7.5 % (22/292) of the ticks were pcr-positive for sfg rickettsia. the pcr-positive rates were 5.5 % (6/110) for haemaphysalis longi ... | 2015 | 25633265 |
| a tick-borne segmented rna virus contains genome segments derived from unsegmented viral ancestors. | although segmented and unsegmented rna viruses are commonplace, the evolutionary links between these two very different forms of genome organization are unclear. we report the discovery and characterization of a tick-borne virus--jingmen tick virus (jmtv)--that reveals an unexpected connection between segmented and unsegmented rna viruses. the jmtv genome comprises four segments, two of which are related to the nonstructural protein genes of the genus flavivirus (family flaviviridae), whereas th ... | 2014 | 24753611 |
| anaplasma species of veterinary importance in japan. | anaplasma species of the family anaplasmataceae, order rickettsiales are tick-borne organisms that can cause disease in animals and humans. in japan, all recognized species of anaplasma (except for anaplasma ovis) and a potentially novel anaplasma sp. closely related to anaplasma phagocytophilum have been reported. most of these detected tick-borne pathogens are believed to be lowly pathogenic in animals in japan although the zoonotic a. phagocytophilum has recently been reported to cause clinic ... | 2016 | 27956767 |
| heteroplasmy in the mitochondrial genomes of human lice and ticks revealed by high throughput sequencing. | the typical mitochondrial (mt) genomes of bilateral animals consist of 37 genes on a single circular chromosome. the mt genomes of the human body louse, pediculus humanus, and the human head louse, pediculus capitis, however, are extensively fragmented and contain 20 minichromosomes, with one to three genes on each minichromosome. heteroplasmy, i.e. nucleotide polymorphisms in the mt genome within individuals, has been shown to be significantly higher in the mt cox1 gene of human lice than in hu ... | 2013 | 24058467 |
| prediction of g protein-coupled receptor encoding sequences from the synganglion transcriptome of the cattle tick, rhipicephalus microplus. | the cattle tick, rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus, is a pest which causes multiple health complications in cattle. the g protein-coupled receptor (gpcr) super-family presents a candidate target for developing novel tick control methods. however, gpcrs share limited sequence similarity among orthologous family members, and there is no reference genome available for r. microplus. this limits the effectiveness of alignment-dependent methods such as blast and pfam for identifying gpcrs from r. mi ... | 2016 | 26922323 |
| molecular characterisation of the tick rhipicephalus microplus in malaysia: new insights into the cryptic diversity and distinct genetic assemblages throughout the world. | the morphotaxonomy of rhipicephalus microplus complex has been challenged in the last few years and prompted many biologists to adopt a dna-based method for distinguishing the members of this group. in the present study, we used a mitochondrial dna analysis to characterise the genetic assemblages, population structure and dispersal pattern of r. microplus from southeast asia, the region where the species originated. | 2015 | 26104478 |
| functional and immunological relevance of anaplasma marginale major surface protein 1a sequence and structural analysis. | bovine anaplasmosis is caused by cattle infection with the tick-borne bacterium, anaplasma marginale. the major surface protein 1a (msp1a) has been used as a genetic marker for identifying a. marginale strains based on n-terminal tandem repeats and a 5'-utr microsatellite located in the msp1a gene. the msp1a tandem repeats contain immune relevant elements and functional domains that bind to bovine erythrocytes and tick cells, thus providing information about the evolution of host-pathogen and ve ... | 2013 | 23776456 |
| coendangered hard-ticks: threatened or threatening? | the overwhelming majority of animal conservation projects are focused on vertebrates, despite most of the species on earth being invertebrates. estimates state that about half of all named species of invertebrates are parasitic in at least one stage of their development. the dilemma of viewing parasites as biodiversity or pest has been discussed by several authors. however, ticks were omitted. the latest taxonomic synopses of non-fossil ixodidae consider valid 700 species. though, how many of th ... | 2011 | 21554736 |
| transcriptomic analysis of musca domestica to reveal key genes of the prophenoloxidase-activating system. | the propo system regulates melanization in arthropods. however, the genes that are involved in the propo system in housefly musca domestica remain unclear. thus, this study analyzed the combined transcriptome obtained from m. domestica larvae, pupae, and adults that were either normal or bacteria-challenged by an escherichia coli and staphylococcus aureus mixture. a total of 54,821,138 clean reads (4.93 gb) were yielded by illumina sequencing, which were de novo assembled into 89,842 unigenes. o ... | 2015 | 26156588 |
| molecular detection and identification of piroplasms in sika deer (cervus nippon) from jilin province, china. | piroplasmosis is an important disease of domestic animals and wildlife and is caused by organisms from the genera theileria and babesia. wildlife such as sika deer play an important role as reservoir hosts for several species of theileria and babesia. using blood samples collected from sika deer, we investigated the epidemiology of theileria spp. and babesia spp. in sika deer from jilin province in china and identified those species that cause pathogenic infections in sika deer. | 2016 | 26984286 |
| a review of hyalomma scupense (acari, ixodidae) in the maghreb region: from biology to control. | hyalomma scupense (syn. hyalomma detritum) is a two-host domestic endophilic tick of cattle and secondarily other ungulates in the maghreb region (africa). this species transmits several pathogens, among which two are major livestock diseases: theileria annulata and theileria equi. various other pathogens are also transmitted by this tick species, such as anaplasma phagocytophilum and ehrlichia bovis. hyalomma scupense is common in sub-humid and semi-arid areas of several regions in the world, m ... | 2014 | 24507485 |
| characterisation of tropomyosin and paramyosin as vaccine candidate molecules for the poultry red mite, dermanyssus gallinae. | dermanyssus gallinae is the most economically important haematophagous ectoparasite in commercial egg laying flocks worldwide. it infests the hens during the night where it causes irritation leading to restlessness, pecking and in extreme cases anaemia and increased cannibalism. due to an increase in the occurrence of acaricide-resistant d. gallinae populations, new control strategies are required and vaccination may offer a sustainable alternative to acaricides. in this study, recombinant forms ... | 2016 | 27733192 |
| morphological and genetic diversity of rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato from the new and old worlds. | the taxonomic status of the brown dog tick (rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu stricto), which has long been regarded as the most widespread tick worldwide and a vector of many pathogens to dogs and humans, is currently under dispute. | 2013 | 23880226 |
| a secondary structural common core in the ribosomal its2 (internal transcribed spacer) of culexspecies from diverse geographical locations. | in the present study, sequence and structural analysis of its2 region (the spacer segment between 5.8s and 28s rrna of mature rrna sequences) of 7 culex species belonging to 5 different geographical locations was carried out. alignment of the its2 sequence from the 7 species revealed 8 homologous domains. four species namely c. vishnui, c. annulus, c. pipiens, c. quiquefasciatusshowed high sequence (98-100%) and rna secondary structure similarity. the its2 similarity among different species is h ... | 2005 | 17597853 |
| platelet aggregation inhibitors from hematophagous animals. | salivary glands from blood-sucking animals (e.g., mosquitoes, bugs, sand flies, fleas, ticks, leeches, hookworms, bats) are a rich source of bioactive molecules that counteract hemostasis in a redundant and synergistic manner. this review discusses recent progress in the identification of salivary inhibitors of platelet aggregation, their molecular characterization, and detailed mechanism of action. diversity of inhibitors is remarkable, with distinct families of proteins characterized as apyras ... | 2009 | 20035779 |
| emergence of oriental theileriosis in cattle and its transmission through rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus in assam, india. | the aim of the present study was to investigate the presence of theileria in blood samples of crossbred and indigenous adult cows raised under unorganized small scale farming system in a babesia and anaplasma endemic geographical area from assam, india and to see its transmission through rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus ticks. | 2015 | 27047205 |
| prevalence and molecular heterogeneity of bartonella bovis in cattle and haemaphysalis bispinosa ticks in peninsular malaysia. | bartonellosis is an emerging zoonotic infection responsible for a variety of clinical syndromes in humans and animals. members of the genus bartonella exhibit high degrees of genetic diversity and ecologic plasticity. the infection is usually transmitted to animals and humans through blood-feeding arthropod vectors such as fleas, lice, ticks and sandflies. this study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of bartonella species in 184 beef cattle, 40 dairy cattle, 40 sheep and 40 goats in ei ... | 2015 | 26179499 |
| assessment of cell mediated immune response in rabbits immunized with affinity purified 35 kda midgut antigen of rhipicephalus haemaphysaloides ticks. | cell mediated immune response to immunoaffinity chromatography purified midgut antigen of rhipicephalus haemaphysaloides ticks in rabbits was studied by using lymphocyte transformation test. this test was carried out by using 5-bromo-2'-deoxy-uridine kit method. the blastogenic response of peripheral blood lymphocytes of normal rabbit to different concentrations of antigen and mitogen (con a) showed that 2 μg of antigen and 2 μg of mitogen gave maximum stimulation index. the antigen specific res ... | 2013 | 25698868 |
| partial sequencing of bm86 gene for studying the phylogeny of an indian isolate of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus tick. | tick gut glycoprotein, designated as bm86, found on the luminal surface of the plasma membrane of gut epithelial cells of boophilus microplus, which is a concealed antigen, has been used as vaccine candidate molecule for immunization against ticks. to better understand the molecular diversity of bm86 gene in ticks, a portion of the cdna was sequenced from an indian isolate of b. microplus. comparison of nucleotide sequence revealed that indian isolate had 97 % homology (18 polymorphisms) with th ... | 2013 | 25035581 |
| determination of lc50 and lc95 values of fipronil against haemaphysalis bispinosa based on adult immersion test. | the pattern of mortality of haemaphysalis bispinosa ticks against fipronil was studied based on adult immersion test. mortality occurred during 10-19 days post-treatment. the lc50 and lc95 values were calculated as 0.53 and 7.045 ppm, respectively. | 2012 | 24505192 |
| effect of attractant sex pheromone on immature larval stages of ixodid tick species. | attractant sex pheromone (asp) 2,6-dichloro phenol was used in the current study to evaluate the percentage attraction and the behavioural responses of the five ixodid tick species namely rhipicephalus sanguineus, rhipicephalus microplus (boophilus microplus), haemaphysalis bispinosa, rhipicephalus haemaphysaloides and hyalomma marginatum using petridish bioassay. two concentrations of 2,6-dcp (0.1 m and 0.05 m) was used for the larval stages of all five ixodid tick species of which 0.1 m concen ... | 2012 | 24082519 |
| experiences in tick control by acaricide in the traditional cattle sector in zambia and burkina faso: possible environmental and public health implications. | livestock, especially cattle, play a paramount role in agriculture production systems, particularly in poor countries throughout the world. ticks and tick-borne diseases (tbds) have an important impact on livestock and agriculture production in sub-saharan africa. the authors review the most common methods used for the control of ticks and tbds. special emphasis is given to the direct application of acaricides to the host animals. the possible environmental and public health adverse effects (i.e ... | 2016 | 27882313 |
| molecular biology of insect sodium channels and pyrethroid resistance. | voltage-gated sodium channels are essential for the initiation and propagation of the action potential in neurons and other excitable cells. because of their critical roles in electrical signaling, sodium channels are targets of a variety of naturally occurring and synthetic neurotoxins, including several classes of insecticides. this review is intended to provide an update on the molecular biology of insect sodium channels and the molecular mechanism of pyrethroid resistance. although mammalian ... | 2014 | 24704279 |
| diversity and convergence of sodium channel mutations involved in resistance to pyrethroids. | pyrethroid insecticides target voltage-gated sodium channels, which are critical for electrical signaling in the nervous system. the intensive use of pyrethroids in controlling arthropod pests and disease vectors has led to many instances of pyrethroid resistance around the globe. in the past two decades, studies have identified a large number of sodium channel mutations that are associated with resistance to pyrethroids. the purpose of this review is to summarize both common and unique sodium c ... | 0 | 24019556 |
| tick-box for 3'-end formation of mitochondrial transcripts in ixodida, basal chelicerates and drosophila. | according to the trna punctuation model, the mitochondrial genome (mtdna) of mammals and arthropods is transcribed as large polycistronic precursors that are maturated by endonucleolytic cleavage at trna borders and rna polyadenylation. starting from the newly sequenced mtdna of ixodes ricinus and using a combination of mitogenomics and transcriptional analyses, we found that in all currently-sequenced tick lineages (prostriata, metastriata and argasidae) the 3'-end of the polyadenylated nad1 an ... | 2012 | 23077630 |
| the sialotranscriptome of antricola delacruzi female ticks is compatible with non-hematophagous behavior and an alternative source of food. | the hosts for antricola delacruzi ticks are insectivorous, cave-dwelling bats on which only larvae are found. the mouthparts of nymphal and adult a. delacruzi are compatible with scavenging feeding because the hypostome is small and toothless. how a single blood meal of a larva provides energy for several molts as well as for oviposition by females is not known. adults of a. delacruzi possibly feed upon an unknown food source in bat guano, a substrate on which nymphal and adult stages are always ... | 2012 | 22306723 |
| host body size and the diversity of tick assemblages on neotropical vertebrates. | identifying the factors that influence the species diversity and distribution of ticks (acari: ixodida) across vertebrate host taxa is of fundamental ecological and medical importance. host body size is considered one of the most important determinants of tick abundance, with larger hosts having higher tick burdens. the species diversity of tick assemblages should also be greater on larger-bodied host species, but empirical studies testing this hypothesis are lacking. here, we evaluate this rela ... | 2016 | 27812506 |
| host specificity in a diverse neotropical tick community: an assessment using quantitative network analysis and host phylogeny. | host specificity is a fundamental determinant of tick population and pathogen transmission dynamics, and therefore has important implications for human health. tick host specificity is expected to be particularly high in the tropics, where communities of ticks, hosts and pathogens are most diverse. yet the degree to which tropical tick species are host-specific remains poorly understood. combining new field data with published records, we assessed the specificity of tick-host associations in pan ... | 2016 | 27357506 |
| tick-borne diseases of bovines in pakistan: major scope for future research and improved control. | ticks and tick-borne diseases (tbds) affect the productivity of bovines in tropical and subtropical regions of the world, leading to a significant adverse impact on the livelihoods of resource-poor farming communities. globally, four main tbds, namely anaplasmosis, babesiosis, theileriosis, and cowdriosis (heartwater) affect bovines, and the former three are of major economic importance in bovines in pakistan. given that the livestock sector has become an integral part of pakistan's economy and ... | 2015 | 25994588 |
| diagnosis and management of bovine babesiosis outbreaks in cattle in punjab state. | the aim of the present study was to diagnose severe outbreaks of bovine babesiosis in punjab state, in the year 2015 and to suggest control and preventive measures to animal owners. | 2016 | 28096607 |
| inhibition of bovine platelets aggregation in response to hyalomma anatolicum salivary gland proteins/peptides. | ticks are obligate ectoparasites that have an impact on wide range of vertebrates and also act as a potential vector for the transmission of tropical theileriosis, babesiosis, etc., causing significant loss to livestock production worldwide. while feeding, they introduce their saliva containing different bioactive molecules into the host. these molecules have the capability to counteract the host hemostatic mechanism to suck host blood successfully. therefore, the study was aimed to isolate anti ... | 2016 | 27956779 |
| pervasive microrna duplication in chelicerates: insights from the embryonic microrna repertoire of the spider parasteatoda tepidariorum. | micrornas are small (∼22 nt) noncoding rnas that repress translation and therefore regulate the production of proteins from specific target mrnas. micrornas have been found to function in diverse aspects of gene regulation within animal development and many other processes. among invertebrates, both conserved and novel, lineage specific, micrornas have been extensively studied predominantly in holometabolous insects such as drosophila melanogaster however little is known about microrna repertoir ... | 2016 | 27324919 |
| matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry for comprehensive indexing of east african ixodid tick species. | the tick population of africa includes several important genera belonging to the family ixodidae. many of these ticks are vectors of protozoan and rickettsial pathogens including theileria parva that causes east coast fever, a debilitating cattle disease endemic to eastern, central and southern africa. effective surveillance of tick-borne pathogens depends on accurate identification and mapping of their tick vectors. a simple and reproducible technique for rapid and reliable differentiation of l ... | 2016 | 26979606 |
| missed retained tick: "look for the legs". | | 2015 | 26900234 |
| genetic characterization and molecular survey of babesia bovis, babesia bigemina and babesia ovata in cattle, dairy cattle and yaks in china. | babesiosis is an important haemoparasitic disease, caused by the infection and subsequent intra-erythrocytic multiplication of protozoa of the genus babesia that impacts the livestock industry and animal health. the distribution, epidemiology and genetic characterization of b. bigemina, b. bovis, and b. ovata in cattle in china as well as the prevalence of these protozoan agents were assessed. | 2015 | 26452623 |
| lipopolysaccharide-induced differential expression of mirnas in male and female rhipicephalus haemaphysaloides ticks. | lipopolysaccharide (lps) stimulates the innate immune response in arthropods. in tick vectors, lps activates expression of immune genes, including those for antibacterial peptides. mirnas are 21-24 nt non-coding small rnas that regulate target mrnas at the post-transcriptional level. however, our understanding of tick innate immunity is limited to a few cellular immune reactions and some characterized immune molecules. moreover, there is little information on the regulation of the immune system ... | 2015 | 26430879 |
| a pcr-rflp assay targeting rps8 gene for the discrimination between bovine babesia and theileria species in china. | bovine babesiosis and theileriosis is an important hemoprotozoal disease in cattles and yaks in tropical and subtropical regions leading to significant economic losses. in the field, the risk of co-infection between the bovine babesia and theileria species is very high. thus, it is necessary to develop a simple, accurate, rapid and cost-effective method for large-scale epidemic investigation, in particular for the detection of co-infection in field. | 2015 | 26382041 |
| amblyomma americanum tick calreticulin binds c1q but does not inhibit activation of the classical complement cascade. | in this study we characterized amblyomma americanum (aam) tick calreticulin (crt) homolog in tick feeding physiology. in nature, different tick species can be found feeding on the same animal host. this suggests that different tick species found feeding on the same host can modulate the same host anti-tick defense pathways to successfully feed. from this perspective it's plausible that different tick species can utilize universally conserved proteins such as crt to regulate and facilitate feedin ... | 0 | 25454607 |
| detection of acaricidal resistance in hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum from banaskantha district, gujarat. | the resistance status in hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum collected from banaskantha district, gujarat (india) was estimated by larval packet test (lpt) with different concentrations of amitraz (125, 250, 500, 750 and 1,000 ppm) and cypermethrin (100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 ppm). the regression graphs of mean mortality of larvae ticks were plotted against values of progressively increasing concentrations of amitraz and cypermethrin for the estimation of lc95 values and were determined as 1,529.39 a ... | 2013 | 26345072 |
| rps8--a new informative dna marker for phylogeny of babesia and theileria parasites in china. | piroplasmosis is a serious debilitating and sometimes fatal disease. phylogenetic relationships within piroplasmida are complex and remain unclear. we compared the intron-exon structure and dna sequences of the rps8 gene from babesia and theileria spp. isolates in china. similar to 18s rdna, the 40s ribosomal protein s8 gene, rps8, including both coding and non-coding regions is a useful and novel genetic marker for defining species boundaries and for inferring phylogenies because it tends to ha ... | 2013 | 24244571 |
| detection of naturally infected vector ticks (acari: ixodidae) by different species of babesia and theileria agents from three different enzootic parts of iran. | diagnostic study of vector ticks for different pathogens transmitted specifically have been done by iranian old scientists working on the basis of biological transmission of pathogens. in this study we decided to confirm natural infection of different collected ticks from three different provinces of iran. | 2013 | 24409442 |
| pcr-based detection of babesia spp. infection in collected ticks from cattle in west and north-west of iran. | babesiosis is a haemoparasitic disease of domestic and wild animals caused by species of the genus babesia. babesia bigemina, b. bovis and b. divergens are known to be pathogenic in cattle. the disease is transmitted during blood feeding by infected ticks and is the most economically important tick-borne disease in tropical and subtropical areas. ixodid ticks are vectors in the transmission of babesiosis. the classic presentation is a febrile syndrome with apparent anemia and hemoglobinuria. thi ... | 2013 | 24409438 |
| molecular prevalence of babesia bigemina and trypanosoma evansi in dairy animals from punjab, india, by duplex pcr: a step forward to the detection and management of concurrent latent infections. | specific duplex polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was employed on 411 (386 cattle and 25 buffaloes) blood samples of dairy animals from 9 districts of punjab, india, for simultaneous detection of babesia bigemina and trypanosoma evansi. the results were compared and correlated with conventional giemsa stained thin blood smear (gstbs) examination and haematological alterations to know the clinical status and pathogenicity of infections. the bg3/bg4 and tr3/tr4 primers were used in duplex pcr for b. ... | 2013 | 24069605 |
| screening and molecular cloning of a protective antigen from the midgut of haemaphysalis longicornis. | vaccination is considered a promising alternative for controlling tick infestations. haemaphysalis longicornis midgut proteins separated by sds-page and transferred to polyvinylidene difluoride (pvdf) membrane were screened for protective value against bites. the western blot demonstrated the immunogenicity of 92 kda protein (p92). the analysis of the p92 amino acid sequence by lc-ms/ms indicated that it was a h. longicornis paramyosin (hl-pmy). the full lenghth cdna of hl-pmy was obtained by ra ... | 2013 | 23864744 |
| breeding strategies for tick resistance in tropical cattle: a sustainable approach for tick control. | about 80 % of world cattle population is under the risk of ticks and tick borne diseases (ttbds). losses caused by bovine tick burdens in tropical countries have a tremendous economic impact on production systems. chemical control of disease has been found to be ineffective and also involving large cost. to reduce our reliance on these chemical products, it is necessary to embark on programs that include habitat management, genetic selection of hosts, and development of a strain capable of induc ... | 2013 | 25698850 |
| acaricidal activity of ethanolic extract from aerial parts of tagetes patula l. (asteraceae) against larvae and engorged adult females of rhipicephalus sanguineus (latreille, 1806). | the tick rhipicephalus sanguineus is the species with the largest worldwide distribution and is proven to be involved in the transmission of pathogens such as babesia canis, ehrlichia canis, coxiella burnetii, rickettsia ricketsii, rickettsia conorii, among others. studies have demonstrated acquisition of resistance to some of the active principles used in commercial formulations of acaricides. tagetes patula (asteraceae) is a plant with highlighted economic and commercial importance due to the ... | 2012 | 23244493 |
| immune response of bos indicus cattle against the anti-tick antigen bm91 derived from local rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus ticks and its effect on tick reproduction under natural infestation. | antigens of anti-tick vaccines are more efficacious for homologous challenge with local tick strains. cdna clones encoding for bm91 from local rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus strains were developed to immunize bos indicus cattle under field conditions. three groups of six animals each were injected with the antigen bm91, saline, and adjuvant, respectively. animals were immunized three times at 3-week intervals and a fourth time after six months. the anti-bm91 antibody level, measured by elis ... | 2012 | 23213489 |
| prevalence and seasonal variation in ixodid ticks on cattle of mathura district, uttar pradesh. | considering the economic impact of various ticks species on livestock, the present study was conducted for epidemiological characterize of common ticks infesting indian zebu cattle between july 2010 and june 2011 period at various locations of mathura region of india. a total of 2,515 zebu cattle were examined on random basis throughout the year. the overall prevalence of ticks infestation in cattle was 60.07 %. the highest prevalence was reported in september (75 %) while the lowest was in janu ... | 2012 | 24431564 |
| laboratory study on biological control of ticks (acari: ixodidae) by entomopathogenic indigenous fungi (beauveria bassiana). | chemical control method using different acaricides as spray, dipping solution or pour-on is routinely used for controlling ticks. biological control agents are favorable due to their safety for animals and environment. entomopathogenic fungi such as beauveria bassiana are well known for controlling ticks. in this study, two iranian indigenous strains of b. bassiana (b. bassiana 5197 and b. bassiana evin) were selected and grown on specific media. the pathogenic effects of these strains were eval ... | 2009 | 22808380 |
| importance of ticks and their chemical and immunological control in livestock. | the medical and economic importance of ticks has long been recognized due to their ability to transmit diseases to humans and animals. ticks cause great economic losses to livestock, and adversely affect livestock hosts in several ways. loss of blood is a direct effect of ticks acting as potential vector for haemo-protozoa and helminth parasites. blood sucking by large numbers of ticks causes reduction in live weight and anemia among domestic animals, while their bites also reduce the quality of ... | 0 | 17048307 |
| revealing pancrustacean relationships: phylogenetic analysis of ribosomal protein genes places collembola (springtails) in a monophyletic hexapoda and reinforces the discrepancy between mitochondrial and nuclear dna markers. | in recent years, several new hypotheses on phylogenetic relations among arthropods have been proposed on the basis of dna sequences. one of the challenged hypotheses is the monophyly of hexapods. this discussion originated from analyses based on mitochondrial dna datasets that, due to an unusual positioning of collembola, suggested that the hexapod body plan evolved at least twice. here, we re-evaluate the position of collembola using ribosomal protein gene sequences. | 2008 | 18366624 |
| an annotated catalogue of salivary gland transcripts in the adult female mosquito, aedes aegypti. | saliva of blood-sucking arthropods contains a cocktail of antihemostatic agents and immunomodulators that help blood feeding. mosquitoes additionally feed on sugar meals and have specialized regions of their glands containing glycosidases and antimicrobials that might help control bacterial growth in the ingested meals. to expand our knowledge on the salivary cocktail of aedes aegypti, a vector of dengue and yellow fevers, we analyzed a set of 4,232 expressed sequence tags from cdna libraries of ... | 2007 | 17204158 |
| mitochondrial genome evolution and trna truncation in acariformes mites: new evidence from eriophyoid mites. | the subclass acari (mites and ticks) comprises two super-orders: acariformes and parasitiformes. most species of the parasitiformes known retained the ancestral pattern of mitochondrial (mt) gene arrangement of arthropods, and their mt trnas have the typical cloverleaf structure. all of the species of the acariformes known, however, have rearranged mt genomes and truncated mt trnas. we sequenced the mt genomes of two species of eriophyoidea: phyllocoptes taishanensis and epitrimerus sabinae. the ... | 2016 | 26732998 |
| first isolation of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus from haemaphysalis longicornis ticks collected in severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome outbreak areas in the republic of korea. | severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (sfts) is an emerging tick-borne infectious disease that is endemic to china, japan, and the republic of korea (rok). in this study, 8313 ticks collected from sfts outbreak areas in the rok in 2013 were used to detect the sfts virus (sftsv). a single sftsv was isolated in cell culture from one pool of haemaphysalis longicornis ticks collected from samcheok-si, gangwon province, in the rok. phylogenetic analysis showed that the sftsv isolate was cluster ... | 2016 | 26745758 |
| severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus in ticks collected from humans, south korea, 2013. | we investigated the infection rate for severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (sftsv) among ticks collected from humans during may-october 2013 in south korea. haemaphysalis longicornis ticks have been considered the sftsv vector. however, we detected the virus in h. longicornis, amblyomma testudinarium, and ixodes nipponensis ticks, indicating additional potential sftsv vectors. | 0 | 25061851 |
| first molecular evidence of hepatozoon canis infection in red foxes and golden jackals from hungary. | recently, hepatozoon canis infection has been detected among shepherd, hunting and stray dogs in the southern part of hungary, which is considered to be free of rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato and close to the border with croatia. the aim of this study was to acquire information on the possibility that red foxes and/or golden jackals could play a role in the appearance and spread of h. canis in hungary. | 2014 | 24985073 |
| neural control of salivary glands in ixodid ticks. | studies of tick salivary glands (sgs) and their components have produced a number of interesting discoveries over the last four decades. however, the precise neural and physiological mechanisms controlling sg secretion remain enigmatic. major studies of sg control have identified and characterized many pharmacological and biological compounds that activate salivary secretion, including dopamine (da), octopamine, γ-aminobutyric acid (gaba), ergot alkaloids, pilocarpine (pc), and their pharmacolog ... | 2011 | 22119563 |
| rickettsia and vector biodiversity of spotted fever focus, atlantic rain forest biome, brazil. | | 0 | 24565262 |
| dogs, cats, parasites, and humans in brazil: opening the black box. | dogs and cats in brazil serve as primary hosts for a considerable number of parasites, which may affect their health and wellbeing. these may include endoparasites (e.g., protozoa, cestodes, trematodes, and nematodes) and ectoparasites (i.e., fleas, lice, mites, and ticks). while some dog and cat parasites are highly host-specific (e.g., aelurostrongylus abstrusus and felicola subrostratus for cats, and angiostrongylus vasorum and trichodectes canis for dogs), others may easily switch to other h ... | 2014 | 24423244 |
| contributions to rickettsioses research in colombia (1917-1943), luis b. patiño camargo. | colombian physician luis benigno patiño camargo was one of the pioneers in the study of rickettsioses in south america, demonstrating for the first time in colombia the presence of rickettsia rickettsii as the etiological agent of a highly deadly exanthematic febrile syndrome in the 1930s. however, patiño-camargo performed other investigations from 1917-1943, which represent the first descriptions and scientific evidence of the presence of r. prowazekii and r. typhi in colombia. almost 60 years ... | 2016 | 27074327 |
| characterization of the uukuniemi virus group (phlebovirus: bunyaviridae): evidence for seven distinct species. | evolutionary insights into the phleboviruses are limited because of an imprecise classification scheme based on partial nucleotide sequences and scattered antigenic relationships. in this report, the serologic and phylogenetic relationships of the uukuniemi group viruses and their relationships with other recently characterized tick-borne phleboviruses are described using full-length genome sequences. we propose that the viruses currently included in the uukuniemi virus group be assigned to five ... | 2013 | 23283959 |
| present and future potential of plant-derived products to control arthropods of veterinary and medical significance. | the use of synthetic pesticides and repellents to target pests of veterinary and medical significance is becoming increasingly problematic. one alternative approach employs the bioactive attributes of plant-derived products (pdps). these are particularly attractive on the grounds of low mammalian toxicity, short environmental persistence and complex chemistries that should limit development of pest resistance against them.several pesticides and repellents based on pdps are already available, and ... | 2014 | 24428899 |
| functional characterization of a cystatin from the tick rhipicephalus haemaphysaloides. | ticks and tick-borne diseases affect animal and human health worldwide and cause significant economic losses in the animal industry. functional molecular research is important to understand the biological characteristics of ticks at the molecular level. enzymes and enzyme inhibitory molecules play very important roles in tick physiology, and the cystatins are tight-binding inhibitors of papain-like cysteine proteases. to this end, a novel cystatin, designated rhcyst-1, was isolated from the tick ... | 2015 | 25889816 |
| understanding the evolutionary structural variability and target specificity of tick salivary kunitz peptides using next generation transcriptome data. | ticks are blood-sucking arthropods and a primary function of tick salivary proteins is to counteract the host's immune response. tick salivary kunitz-domain proteins perform multiple functions within the feeding lesion and have been classified as venoms; thereby, constituting them as one of the important elements in the arms race with the host. the two main mechanisms advocated to explain the functional heterogeneity of tick salivary kunitz-domain proteins are gene sharing and gene duplication. ... | 2014 | 24397261 |
| proteomic screening of antigenic proteins from the hard tick, haemaphysalis longicornis (acari: ixodidae). | proteomic tools allow large-scale, high-throughput analyses for the detection, identification, and functional investigation of proteome. for detection of antigens from haemaphysalis longicornis, 1-dimensional electrophoresis (1-de) quantitative immunoblotting technique combined with 2-dimensional electrophoresis (2-de) immunoblotting was used for whole body proteins from unfed and partially fed female ticks. reactivity bands and 2-de immunoblotting were performed following 2-de electrophoresis t ... | 2015 | 25748713 |
| molecular detection and genotyping of coxiella-like endosymbionts in ticks that infest horses in south korea. | members of the genus coxiella can be transmitted from ticks to humans during contact with animals; coxiella may thus spread from the infected horses or ticks to humans. in this study, the presence of coxiella burnetii and coxiella-like endosymbionts (cle) in ticks found on infested horses was determined using pcr and genotyping. a total of 213 ticks were randomly collected from 51 horses (4-5 ticks per horse) raised on jeju island, korea, between 2009 and 2013. all ticks were morphologically ide ... | 2016 | 27792764 |
| histoarchitecture of the ovary of rhipicephalus (boophilus) annulatus during pre- and postengorgement period. | the present communication describes the detailed day wise study of histological changes of the ovary of rhipicephalus (boophilus) annulatus in the postengorgement period together with the systematic classification of their oocytes. the ovary of r. (b.) annulatus is panoistic type with an asynchronous development of oocytes. all the stages (ii, iii, iv, and v) of oocytes except stage i were similar to r. (b.) microplus. the stage i oocytes showed basophilia, which was not reported earlier in othe ... | 2015 | 25664337 |
| native strains of beauveria bassiana for the control of rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato. | rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato ticks are widespread worldwide due to their adaptability to survive under different environmental conditions. they may act as vectors of a wide range of pathogens to humans and animals and their control is based on the use of chemical products on dogs and in the environment. alternative control strategies, such as the use of entomopathogenic fungi as bio-control agents have also been investigated. the ability of native strains of beauveria bassiana sensu lato ... | 2015 | 25651851 |
| midgut proteome of an argasid tick, ornithodoros erraticus: a comparison between unfed and engorged females. | the argasid tick ornithodoros erraticus is the vector of african swine fever virus and of several borrelia species that cause human relapsing fever in the iberian peninsula. the tick midgut is part of the ectoparasite-host interface and expresses proteins that are vital for the survival of the tick. midgut proteins are therefore potential targets for drug and/or vaccine design aimed at the development of new strategies for tick control. thus, the aim of this work was the characterization of the ... | 2015 | 26459090 |
| treatment of livestock with systemic insecticides for control of anopheles arabiensis in western kenya. | despite the implementation of vector control strategies, including insecticide-treated bed nets (itn) and indoor residual spraying (irs) in western kenya, this area still experiences high level of malaria transmission. novel vector control tools are required which target such vector species, such as anopheles arabiensis, that feed outdoors and have minimal contact with itns and irs. | 2015 | 26377691 |
| inhibitor profile of bis(n)-tacrines and n-methylcarbamates on acetylcholinesterase from rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus and phlebotomus papatasi. | the cattle tick, rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus (bm), and the sand fly, phlebotomus papatasi (pp), are disease vectors to cattle and humans, respectively. the purpose of this study was to characterize the inhibitor profile of acetylcholinesterases from bm (bmache1) and pp (ppache) compared to human and bovine ache, in order to identify divergent pharmacology that might lead to selective inhibitors. results indicate that bmache has low sensitivity (ic50 = 200 μm) toward tacrine, a monovalent ... | 0 | 24187393 |
| de novo ixodes ricinus salivary gland transcriptome analysis using two next-generation sequencing methodologies. | tick salivary gland (sg) proteins possess powerful pharmacologic properties that facilitate tick feeding and pathogen transmission. for the first time, sg transcriptomes of ixodes ricinus, an important disease vector for humans and animals, were analyzed using next-generation sequencing. sgs were collected from different tick life stages fed on various animal species, including cofeeding of nymphs and adults on the same host. four cdna samples were sequenced, discriminating tick sg transcriptome ... | 2013 | 23964076 |
| immunoregulation of bovine macrophages by factors in the salivary glands of rhipicephalus microplus. | alternative strategies are required to control the southern cattle tick, rhipicephalus microplus, due to evolving resistance to commercially available acaricides. this invasive ectoparasite is a vector of economically important diseases of cattle such as bovine babesiosis and anaplasmosis. an understanding of the biological intricacies underlying vector-host-pathogen interactions is required to innovate sustainable tick management strategies that can ultimately mitigate the impact of animal and ... | 2012 | 22333193 |
| molecular cloning and characterization of an acetylcholinesterase cdna in the brown planthopper, nilaparvata lugens. | a full cdna encoding an acetylcholinesterase (ache, ec 3.1.1.7) was cloned and characterized from the brown planthopper, nilaparvata lugens stål (hemiptera: delphacidae). the complete cdna (2467 bp) contains a 1938-bp open reading frame encoding 646 amino acid residues. the amino acid sequence of the ache deduced from the cdna consists of 30 residues for a putative signal peptide and 616 residues for the mature protein with a predicted molecular weight of 69,418. the three residues (ser242, glu3 ... | 0 | 20874389 |
| overexpression of multiple detoxification genes in deltamethrin resistant laodelphax striatellus (hemiptera: delphacidae) in china. | the small brown planthopper (sbph), laodelphax striatellus (fallén), is one of the major rice pests in asia and has developed resistance to multiple classes of insecticides. understanding resistance mechanisms is essential to the management of this pest. biochemical and molecular assays were performed in this study to systematically characterize deltamethrin resistance mechanisms with laboratory-selected resistant and susceptible strains of sbph. | 2013 | 24324548 |
| therapeutic uses and pharmacological properties of garlic, shallot, and their biologically active compounds. | garlic (allium sativum l. family liliaceae) is well known in iran and its leaves, flowers, and cloves have been used in traditional medicine for a long time. research in recent decades has shown widespread pharmacological effects of a. sativum and its organosulfur compounds especially allicin. studies carried out on the chemical composition of the plant show that the most important constituents of this plant are organosulfur compounds such as allicin, diallyl disulphide, s-allylcysteine, and dia ... | 0 | 24379960 |
| transcriptome analysis of the venom gland of the scorpion scorpiops jendeki: implication for the evolution of the scorpion venom arsenal. | the family euscorpiidae, which covers europe, asia, africa, and america, is one of the most widely distributed scorpion groups. however, no studies have been conducted on the venom of a euscorpiidae species yet. in this work, we performed a transcriptomic approach for characterizing the venom components from a euscorpiidae scorpion, scorpiops jendeki. | 2009 | 19570192 |
| an insight into the sialotranscriptome of the seed-feeding bug, oncopeltus fasciatus. | the salivary transcriptome of the seed-feeding hemipteran, oncopeltus fasciatus (milkweed bug), is described following assembly of 1025 expressed sequence tags (ests) into 305 clusters of related sequences. inspection of these sequences reveals abundance of low complexity, putative secreted products rich in the amino acids (aa) glycine, serine or threonine, which might function as silk or mucins and assist food canal lubrication and sealing of the feeding site around the mouthparts. several prot ... | 2007 | 17681229 |
| saliva from nymph and adult females of haemaphysalis longicornis: a proteomic study. | haemaphysalis longicornis is a major vector of theileria spp., anaplasma phagocytophilum, babesia spp. and coxiella burnetti in east asian countries. all life stages of ixodid ticks have a destructive pool-feeding style in which they create a pool-feeding site by lacerating host tissue and secreting a variety of biologically active compounds that allows the tick to evade host responses, enabling the uptake of a blood meal. the identification and functional characterization of tick saliva protein ... | 2015 | 26104117 |