| [control for 1 year following niridazole treatment of schistosoma haematobium and s. mansoni bilharziasis]. | | 1980 | 7469544 |
| schistosomiasis in saudi arabia. | | 1980 | 7469565 |
| malumfashi endemic diseases research project, xiv. increasing schistosomiasis transmission. | | 1980 | 7469572 |
| [epidemiological and serological assessment of bilharziasis of students at a school in southern togo]. | | 1980 | 7472124 |
| effect of colchicine on schistosoma-induced renal amyloidosis in syrian golden hamsters. | seventy syrian golden hamsters were infected with schistosoma haematobium, and 10 uninfected hamsters served as negative controls. of the schistosome-infected hamsters, 10 served as positive controls (infected but untreated) and the rest (60 hamsters) received treatment. in 30 hamsters treatment was given 9 weeks after infection (before the appearance of renal amyloidosis) and in the other 30 it was given after the appearance of amyloid deposits, 15 weeks after infection. each treatment group wa ... | 1995 | 7477655 |
| praziquantel (antischistosomal drug): is it clastogenic, co-clastogenic or anticlastogenic? | schistosoma haematobium infection is the most common health problem in egypt. it is strongly associated with the development of urinary bladder carcinoma. the actual cause for the development of cancer is still under investigations, it can be due to mechanical irritation from schistosomiasis ova, the infection itself or the drugs which are used to treat the patients. praziquantel (pq) is a commonly used drug to treat schistosomiasis patients. in mice, an in vivo cytogenetic study showed that pq ... | 1994 | 7510027 |
| involvement of inflammatory reactions and elevated cell proliferation in the development of bladder cancer in schistosomiasis patients. | schistosoma haematobium infection is strongly associated with urinary bladder cancer. although numerous explanations have been proposed for this association, the nature of this relationship remains unresolved. this paper explores the hypothesis that inflammation and elevated cell proliferation play a major role in the development of bladder cancer in infected patients, possibly by increasing the level of genetic instability in the urothelium. the paper details in vivo and in vitro studies being ... | 1994 | 7510039 |
| human bilharzial ureters: i. fine structure of eggs deposited in the submucosa and muscularis. | the internal fine structure of the partially calcified schistosoma haematobium eggs in the lower ureteral segments of saudi patients with chronic urinary schistosomiasis is described. the egg shell is penetrated by cribriform pores and consists of the three previously described layers: outer microspinous, middle intermediately dense, and inner dense layers. the space between the egg shell and the developing embryo is partitioned by three layers. an outer acellular reynolds' layer of unknown orig ... | 1995 | 7550439 |
| urinary schistosomiasis in nebraska. | urinary schistosomiasis, a disease caused by the blood fluke schistosoma haematobium, is seen in residents of endemic areas of africa and southwest asia. two cases are described, one in a twelve year old boy and another in a forty-four year old man. this type of infection is often indolent but can have significant long-term sequelae such as urinary obstruction and bladder cancer. the recent increases in u.s. immigration of persons from the areas endemic to schistosomiasis behoove physicians to r ... | 1995 | 7566250 |
| urinary schistosomiasis. | | 1995 | 7566630 |
| schistosomiasis and prostate cancer. | in endemic geographical areas schistosomiasis has been implicated as an etiological agent in the pathogenesis of bladder, colorectal and renal carcinoma. in particular bladder cancer commonly occurs in such geographic locations almost 2 decades earlier than in non-endemic areas. a relationship between prostate cancer and bilharzial infestation is not established. this is a report of 3 cases of co-existent schistosomiasis and prostatic adenocarcinoma occurring in unusually young patients. | 1995 | 7567134 |
| a comparative study of the shedding of cercariae of schistosoma haematobium in newborn bulinus truncatus. | a comparative study of the shedding of cercariae of schistosoma haematobium was performed in bulinus truncatus and planorbarius metidjensis individually exposed to 5 miracidia in their first 72 h of life. no significant difference was noted between the mean values of the two snail groups concerning the prepatent period duration (53-57 days at 24 degrees-26 degrees c), the patent period duration (41 days for b. truncatus, 70 days for p. metidjensis), or the total number of cercariae (1,499 per b. ... | 1995 | 7567915 |
| preliminary study of urinary schistosomiasis in a village in the delta of the senegal river basin, senegal. | three years after the first cases of urinary schistosomiasis infection were reported in the village of mbodiene, senegal, schistosoma haematobium eggs were found in 87% of the inhabitants of this village; 30% were heavily infected (> 50 eggs per 10 ml urine). the prevalence of infection was very high in all age groups, but children showed more intense infections. no difference between sexes was found. in the special situation of a very high prevalence, test strips for proteinuria and haematuria ... | 1994 | 7570817 |
| comparison of the circulating anodic antigen detection assay and urine filtration to diagnose schistosoma haematobium infections in mali. | the applicability of a circulating schistosoma antigen detection assay for determining rates of infection and efficacy of chemotherapy was evaluated in mali. urine egg counts were compared to circulating anodic antigen enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (caa-elisa) titres in serum, before and 6 weeks after treatment with a single dose of praziquantel (40 mg/kg), in 2 villages in dogon country, an area endemic for s. haematobium, the predominant schistosome infection in mali. in kassa, a village w ... | 1995 | 7570876 |
| chronic pulmonary disorders, including tropical pulmonary eosinophilia, in villages with endemic lymphatic filariasis in tanga region and in tanga town, tanzania. | to investigate the occurrence of tropical pulmonary eosinophilia (tpe), studies were undertaken in 3 villages with endemic lymphatic filariasis in the coastal area of tanga region, tanzania, and in the outpatient clinic of bombo regional hospital in tanga town; 73 persons from the villages and 104 from the outpatient clinic with a history of lung disease suggestive of tpe were included in the study. following clinical examination, lung function tests and chest x-rays were performed. total leucoc ... | 1995 | 7570881 |
| optimization of the magnetic bead antigen capture enzyme immuno assay for the detection of circulating anodic antigens in mixed schistosoma infections. | in the present study, simplification and adaptation of the magnetic bead antigen capture enzyme immuno assay (mbac-eia) technique for detection of circulating anodic antigens (caa) under field conditions was achieved. it was shown that the assay could be performed successfully within the broad temperature range of 18-37 degrees c. the slightly lower sensitivity observed at low temperatures could be adjusted for by prolonging the incubation period. shaking the plate by hand was as good as automat ... | 1995 | 7572428 |
| [paleoparasitology: presumption of a case with bilharzia of the 15th century at montbéliard (doubs, france)]. | on the archeological site of montbéliard, paleoparasitological and sedimentological analysis of cesspit deposits led to the detection of well preserved parasitological forms (remains of helminths with associated eggs). the morphology and morphometry of these forms point to a plausible case of bilharzia transmitted by schistosoma haematobium. the chance of ancient or recent contamination of the sample is discussed. | 1995 | 7583769 |
| urinary symptoms and blood pressure of children with schistosoma haematobium infection in south-eastern nigeria. | the urinary symptoms and blood pressures of 510 children (aged 5-15 years) with schistosoma haematobium infection in ijiman community, cross river state of nigeria, were studied in 1992. the prevalence rate of infection was 44%, a majority of the children presenting with light infection. significant symptoms were visible haematuria, dysuria, suprapubic pain and strangury. the sensitivity and specificity of these symptoms were too low for them to be recommended as distinct clinical diagnostic cri ... | 1995 | 7588139 |
| age-acquired resistance and predisposition to reinfection with schistosoma haematobium after treatment with praziquantel in mali. | the effect of age, previous intensity of infection, and exposure on reinfection with schistosoma haematobium after treatment was studied in a cohort of 468 subjects six years of age and over living in an irrigation scheme area in mali. prevalence and intensity of s. haematobium infection were measured each year between 1989 and 1991, but the reinfection study period was restricted to the last year of the follow-up. observations were made at the principal water contact sites where the number of b ... | 1995 | 7611564 |
| schistosoma haematobium infection of the cervix. | | 1995 | 7620049 |
| glucose uptake rates by schistosoma mansoni, s. haematobium, and s. bovis adults using a flow in vitro culture system. | a simple flow culture apparatus was designed for the short-term in vitro culture of adult schistosomes. the use of this system allowed sensitive estimation of relative rates of glucose uptake by different species of schistosome. these data suggest that in parasites maintained carefully in conditions within the physiological range of glucose concentration, uptake of glucose is entirely carrier mediated. the rates of glucose uptake by schistosoma haematobium and its close relative schistosoma bovi ... | 1995 | 7623209 |
| nicotinic acetylcholine receptors on the surface of the blood fluke schistosoma. | blood dwelling stages of schistosomes have acetylcholinesterase (ache) on their teguments. as an initial step towards understanding the function of tegumental ache, we have used specific ligand-binding assays to identify nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nachr) on the schistosome surface. achr could not be detected on migratory stages using fluoroscein isothiocyanate-alpha-bungarotoxin binding but the amount of specific labelling increased on sexual pairing and as the parasites matured into egg ... | 1995 | 7630376 |
| schistosoma mansoni and s. haematobium: miracidial host-finding behaviour is stimulated by macromolecules. | the miracidia of schistosoma mansoni and s. haematobium approach their host snails by increasing their rate of change of direction (rcd) in increasing gradients of snail-conditioned water (scw), and they perform a turnback response in decreasing gradients. after contact with the host "repeated investigation" is the typical host-specific response. both species show no significant directed chemotactical orientation towards their snail hosts. all three host-finding responses (increased rcd, turnbac ... | 1995 | 7635633 |
| schistosoma haematobium in the baboon (papio anubis): assessment of protection levels against either a single mass challenge or repeated trickle challenges after vaccination with irradiated schistosomula. | baboons vaccinated intramuscularly with three times 9000 20 krad irradiated schistosoma haematobium schistosomula at monthly intervals were exposed percutaneously to either a single mass challenge of 3000 (vmc) or ten, weekly trickle challenges of 300 (vtc) normals s. haematobium cercariae. unvaccinated mass (mcc) or trickle (tcc) challenge controls were exposed simultaneously. faecal and urine egg production was delayed in the vaccinated groups which also had reduced adult, particularly female, ... | 1995 | 7636159 |
| high frequency of chromosome 9p allelic loss and cdkn2 tumor suppressor gene alterations in squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder. | in the western hemisphere, 90% of bladder cancers are transitional cell carcinomas, while only 7% are classified as squamous cell carcinomas. in contrast, in egypt and regions of the middle east and africa, where infection by the trematode schistosoma haematobium is endemic, squamous cell carcinoma is the most common bladder cancer as well as the most common cancer in men. | 1995 | 7658499 |
| [bladder schistosomiasis. report of a case]. | we report an additional case of schistosomiasis of the urinary bladder, an unusual parasitic infection in our setting, with special reference to the histomorphological findings that permitted its diagnosis. | 1995 | 7661644 |
| a molecular phylogeny of the human schistosomes. | members of the genus schistosoma are generally grouped on the basis of egg morphology, intermediate host specificity, and geographic origin. we have tested hypotheses based on these groupings by phylogenetic analysis of nuclear ribosomal (its2) and mitochondrial (coi) nucleotide sequences. both mitochondrial and nuclear dna data strongly support "traditional" hypotheses that (a) members of the schistosoma haematobium group form a monophyletic clade, (b) members of the s. mansoni group form a mon ... | 1995 | 7663756 |
| [sterility as a sequela of tubal schistosomiasis]. | a 21-year old african women presented with primary sterility in the outpatient department of our university hospital. screening examinations, including ultrasound, demonstrated a tumour of 5.8 x 4.1 cm diameter on the left ovary. while performing laparotomy to extirpate this tumour, bilateral occlusion of the tubes was discovered by chromopertubation.this diagnosis led us to perform bilateral salpingostomy and reimplantation of the fallopian tubes. in addition to the ovarian tumour (dermoid), fr ... | 1995 | 7665061 |
| detection of circulating schistosome antigens in serum and urine of schistosomiasis patients and assessment of cure by a monoclonal antibody. | from a panel of monoclonal antibodies (mab), an igm monoclonal antibody (7f1/6b) reactive with repetitive epitopes on s. mansoni soluble egg antigen was selected. this mab was employed both as antigen capture and detection antibody in a sandwich elisa and had a detection limit < 1 ng s. mansoni sea/mi. serum and urine samples were collected from rural students who had s. mansoni (169 subjects) or mixed s. mansoni and s. haematobium (64 subjects) infections. samples were collected before and at 4 ... | 1995 | 7665943 |
| detection of cellular and humoral markers (il-2, ifn-gamma and ige) in sera of patients with urinary schistosomiasis. | schistosomiasis continues to be major health problem throughout the developing world. infection with schistosoma haematobium is associated with very high morbidity. the work aimed at the determination of role of cellular immune response (il-2, and ifn-gamma) and specific humoral ige in protective immunity in human urinary schistosomiasis, as a function of both age and infection intensity including examination of changes in immunoresponsiveness following curative therapy. the study revealed that ... | 1995 | 7665948 |
| molecular phylogenetics of the four schistosoma species groups determined with partial 28s ribosomal rna gene sequences. | partial 28s ribosomal rna (rrna) gene sequences, including the variable domains d1, d2 and d3, were determined for representative species from the 4 schistosoma species groups. on an alignment of 1345 bp from s. mansoni, s. haematobium, s. spindale and s. japonicum (with heterobilharzia americana chosen as an outgroup), both maximum likelihood and maximum parsimony analyses provide a robust molecular phylogeny for the genus; ((((s. haematobium, s. spindale), s. mansoni), s. japonicum), h. americ ... | 1995 | 7675531 |
| reduction in chromosomal damage in schistosomiasis patients after treatment with praziquantel. | schistosoma haematobium infection is the most common health problem in egypt. it is strongly associated with the development of urinary bladder carcinoma. the aim of this study was to determine whether infection with this parasite resulted in an increase of chromosomal breakage in the exfoliated urothelial cells. urine samples were collected from 211 egyptian male farmers and schoolchildren with schistosoma haematobium ova in their urine. 66 samples were suitable for scoring. accordingly, 66 non ... | 1993 | 7678152 |
| egg viability in urinary schistosomiasis. i. new methods compared with available methods. | a new method of quantifying viability and hatchability of schistosoma haematobium eggs in urine has been developed. it consists of filtering urine samples through nytrel filters followed by mercurochrome staining to assist in the detection of viable (motile) miracidia in egg shells, and iodine staining to show hatched miracidia. the new method is compared with two existing techniques for viability/hatchability determination, centrifugation hatching and nuclepore filtration trypan blue staining. ... | 1993 | 7679149 |
| egg viability in urinary schistosomiasis. ii. simplifying modifications and standardization of new methods. | two new methods were recently introduced for the determination and quantification of egg viability in schistosoma haematobium infections by staining eggs filtered from urine on nytrel filters with mercurochrome and iodine. both methods showed reasonable agreement with the best currently available method, centrifugation hatching, but it appeared that improved agreement could be obtained by modifications of timing and technique. the present paper describes the standardization of staining times and ... | 1993 | 7681485 |
| hepatitis c virus infection in chronic liver disease in somalia. | to assess the role of hepatitis c virus (hcv) in liver disease in somalia, antibody to hcv (anti-hcv) was studied by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and recombinant immunoblot assay (riba) in 110 patients with chronic liver diseases, in 309 healthy adults, in 179 institutionalized subjects with a high prevalence of intestinal parasites and schistosoma haematobium, and in 287 children with diseases other than hepatitis. according to the riba test, anti-hcv was present in three healthy a ... | 1993 | 7683179 |
| schistosoma: a 200-kda chemotherapeutic target antigen is differentially localized in african vs oriental species. | a 200-kda protein of the african schistosome schistosoma mansoni has been identified as a target of antibodies that act in synergy with praziquantel. treatment of worms with praziquantel exposes selective epitopes of the 200-kda protein on the surface of s. mansoni and transfer of a monoclonal antibody recognizing the 200-kda protein at the time of drug treatment restores the effectiveness of praziquantel against infections in b-cell-depleted mice. in the present study, a cross-reactive 200-kda ... | 1993 | 7684706 |
| demonstration of urinary eosinophils in schistosoma haematobium: a comparative study among three different stains. | three stains, hansel's stain, alkaline erythrocin b (aeb) and naphthalene black (nb), were used to demonstrate eosinophils in the urine of patients infected with schistosoma haematobium. hansel's stain was superior to the other two stains; it stained eosinophils bright red and their nuclei faint blue, and they were easily differentiated from neutrophils, lymphocytes, macrophages and epithelial cells. the method using aeb took longer than hansel's stain and 10% of the specimens were lost during s ... | 1993 | 7687881 |
| interaction of schistosome eggs with vascular endothelium. | the interaction of schistosome eggs with venular endothelium was studied using primary cultures of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. freshly oviposited and embryonated eggs of schistosoma mansoni, schistosoma japonicum, and schistosoma haematobium were used. the cultures were evaluated by light, scanning, and transmission electron microscopy. endothelial cell monolayers were found to retain eggs by actively migrating over those that came to lie on top of them. the monolayers then reestabli ... | 1995 | 7707199 |
| progress in urinary schistosomiasis control measures in iran. | during a ten-year field survey from 1980 to 1989, 1518 cases of schistosoma haematobium were detected in khoozestan province, the only area in south-west iran where urinary schistosomiasis is prevalent. most of the cases were detected by urine examination and a few by bladder biopsies. the incidence of infection was 0.653% in 1980, 0.021% in 1988 and 0.042% in 1989. strict control measures, including mass chemotherapy and mollusciciding, were used to help reduce the prevalence of urinary schisto ... | 1995 | 7714937 |
| the public health implications of the increasing predominance of schistosoma mansoni in egypt: a pilot study in the nile delta. | over the past twenty years, schistosoma mansoni has apparently replaced schistosoma haematobium as the more prevalent species of schistosomiasis in the nile delta. in this paper we show that this change has profound implications for public health strategies, in particular the provision and utilization of diagnostic and treatment services for the egyptian rural population, and for health education programmes. the processes of providing and seeking treatment for the two forms of schistosomiasis ar ... | 1995 | 7714938 |
| infection with schistosomes (schistosoma haematobium, schistosoma mansoni and schistosoma japonicum). | | 1994 | 7715071 |
| outbreak of schistosomiasis among travelers returning from mali, west africa. | schistosomiasis in travelers often remains unrecognized because doctors are unfamiliar with the clinical presentation and diagnosis of this imported disease. we describe the epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory characteristics associated with an outbreak of schistosomiasis among nonimmune travelers. of 30 travelers in two consecutive groups, 29 who had swum in freshwater pools in the dogon area of mali, west africa, were followed for 12 months. twenty-eight (97%) of those 29 became infected ... | 1995 | 7742430 |
| persistence of schistosoma haematobium infection despite multiple courses of therapy with praziquantel. | a 7-year-old boy, who had returned to the united states in june 1991 after a 3-year stay in malawi, was evaluated in october 1991 because of hematuria. he was excreting schistosoma haematobium eggs and was treated with praziquantel (pzq; approximately 40 mg/kg). he may have spit up < or = 30% of this dose, and a concomitant giardia lamblia infection might have caused malabsorption of pzq. because of persistent excretion of viable eggs, he was retreated with pzq in january and may 1992. egg excre ... | 1995 | 7742435 |
| an attempt to quantify the role of existing health facilities in controlling vesical schistosomiasis in rural northern cameroon. | around the artificial reservoir in the benue river near lagdo in northern cameroon, schistosoma haematobium and s. mansoni are prevalent. the primary health care structure has been reinforced in recent years, but no special attention has been paid to schistosomiasis. this setting was considered ideal to estimate the contribution of the existing health facilities in the control of morbidity due to schistosomiasis. the patients locally diagnosed as having vesical schistosomiasis, were subsequently ... | 1995 | 7747334 |
| schistosomiasis in tourists returning from africa. | | 1995 | 7753522 |
| mutations in the p53 gene in schistosomal bladder cancer: a study of 92 tumours from egyptian patients and a comparison between mutational spectra from schistosomal and non-schistosomal urothelial tumours. | much of bladder cancer in east africa and the middle east is attributed to chronic urinary infection with schistosoma haematobium ('schistosomiasis'). most schistosomal bladder cancer (sbc) is squamous cell carcinoma (scc) and occurs in the fifth decade of life. in contrast, nonschistosomal bladder cancer (nsbc) in western countries usually occurs in the seventh decade of life and is largely transitional cell carcinoma (tcc). to shed light on the mechanisms underlying these different patterns of ... | 1995 | 7767983 |
| [experimental study of a malagasy strain of schistosoma haematobium: compatibility with different bulinus snails, potential intermediate hosts]. | experimental investigation on a malagasy strain of s. haematobium: compatibility with different bulinus snails, potential intermediate hosts. a comparative experimental study of the infectivity of different bulinus snails by a reference s. haematobium strain was made under laboratory conditions. the results support the role of bulinus obtusispira as an intermediate host in madagascar but some other bulinus species could exist and play a role in the fields far away from the experimental criteria ... | 1994 | 7778952 |
| urban schistosomiasis in lusaka, zambia: a preliminary study. | a preliminary survey was conducted in lusaka, zambia to determine the extent of schistosomiasis transmission in the city. stool and urine samples were collected from 240 children from seven schools selected to give a cross-sectional representation of the various socio-economic neighbourhoods of the city. in addition to the parasitological examination, students were questioned with respect to their knowledge of the disease and other epidemiological factors. in addition, water bodies near the scho ... | 1995 | 7783280 |
| [echographic morbidity due to schistosoma haematobium in a peripheral district of bamako in mali, missabougou]. | frequency of urologic lesions was evaluated in 408 children from 6-15 years old in a suburban area of bamako district in mali, missabougou; 65.2% from children were infected by schistosoma haematobium, 13% by schistosoma mansoni and 0.2% by schistosoma intercalatum. urologic lesions have been demonstrated in 223 cases among which 66 cases of urinary bladder lesions, 108 cases of hydronephrosis and 49 cases of mixed lesions. in order of the frequency we had the following uropathic lesions: wall t ... | 1995 | 7787444 |
| [epidemiology of schistosomiasis in a suburban school area of bamako (republic of mali)]. | epidemiology of schistosomiasis has been assessed in october, 1990 in three primary schools of a suburban district of bamako: magnambougou. it was a cross sectional study which was carried out on an hazardous sample of 549 pupils of 7 to 14 years old. the kato-katz and urine filtration methods were used to search schistosome eggs. the prevalence rate was 50% (256/512) in schistosoma haematobium and 5.6% (26/464) in s. mansoni. children from 11-14 years old were more infected by schistosoma haema ... | 1995 | 7787449 |
| age and sex graded helminth infections in a nigerian village. | prevalence of helminth parasites was carried out in both male and female villagers graded into three age groups (5-14 years, 15-25 years, 26-55 years). children between 5 and 14 years of age had the highest prevalence of ascaris, schistosoma haematobium and trichuris while the villagers between 26-55 years of age had lowest prevalence of these parasites. however, hookworms were highly common among the villagers aged between 26 and 55 years and least common among the school children aged between ... | 1995 | 7796748 |
| geographic compatibility of the freshwater snail bulinus globosus and schistosomes from the zimbabwe highveld. | populations of bulinus globosus were sampled from two rivers, 60 km apart, in northern zimbabwe, and offspring from each geographic strain reared in the laboratory. schistosomes were harvested from each strain and also maintained in the laboratory. cross-infection experiments were conducted, whereby snails of both geographic strains were exposed to parasites of both geographic strains. compatibility was found to be related to: (i) the geographic origin of the snail, and (ii) an interaction betwe ... | 1995 | 7797371 |
| evaluation of a twice-a-week application of 1% niclosamide lotion in preventing schistosoma haematobium reinfection. | a randomized double-blind trial was conducted to assess the efficacy of a twice-a-week application of 1% niclosamide lotion for prevention of schistosoma haematobium reinfection. six hundred farmers in fayoum, egypt, 18-40 years of age, were treated to cure their s. haematobium infection, then randomly assigned to self-apply niclosamide or placebo lotion to their limbs, neck, and torso. subjects were exposed to schistosomal-infested water during routine irrigation activities from april to octobe ... | 1994 | 7810826 |
| human bilharzial ureters: iv. ultrastructural interaction between multinucleate giant cells and the parasite eggs. | the ultrastructural interaction between multinucleate giant cells (mgcs) and the schistosoma haematobium eggs is described at the transmission electron microscopy (tem) level, in granulomas of the lower ureteral segments of saudi patients. the mgcs were found only within the parasite empty egg-shells which were embedded in the ureter submucosa and muscularis. for the first time, two morphologically different types of mgcs were recognized: the moderate to electron-dense type i contained two types ... | 1994 | 7812313 |
| female genital schistosomiasis as a risk-factor for the transmission of hiv. | sexually transmitted diseases increase the probability for hiv transmission, presumably through lesions in the genital mucosa. female genital schistosomiasis, a special form of urinary schistosomiasis due to infection with schistosoma haematobium, may be another risk-factor for transmission of hiv. from published data there seem to be pathophysiological, immunological and epidemiological evidence for an association between genital ulcer disease due to s. haematobium and hiv-infection in women. f ... | 1994 | 7819359 |
| the use of reagent strips for detection of urinary schistosomiasis infection in the middle awash valley, ethiopia. | reagent strip test was carried out to detect haematuria in urinary schistosomiasis infection in ten schools (1114 children) in the middle awash valley, ethiopia. in five schools (557 children), were compared with results of urine filtration technique conducted simultaneously. the prevalence of infection by reagent sticks and urine filtration was 19.5% and 3.1%, respectively. haematuria, detected by the reagent strip, was highly related with the results of urine filtration at the 2+ limit rather ... | 1994 | 7821252 |
| the epidemiology, immunology and morbidity of schistosoma haematobium infections in diverse communities in zimbabwe. i. the study design. | recent studies on the immunology and epidemiology of schistosoma haematobium infection have led to several new hypotheses regarding the relationships between the transmission of infection and the development of resistance to infection and also the associations between particular antibody and cellular reactivities with resistance or susceptibility to reinfection after chemotherapy. the study will extend the information on the development of protective immune responses during schistosoma haematobi ... | 1994 | 7825225 |
| morbidity markers for schistosoma haematobium infection. | a description is given of a field study design, including pretreatment and short and long-term posttreatment measurements, which is conducted as a case-control study among school children in kaloleni district, kenya, and kilosa district, tanzania, including 500 school children from each endemic setting. the aim of the study is to evaluate eosinophil cationic protein (ecp) in urine as a marker for schistosoma haematobium morbidity by comparing levels of ecp in urine with s. haematobium egg counts ... | 1994 | 7825227 |
| [former observations of urinary bilharziasis and wuchereriosis]. | on the occasion of a book near completion on the great clinician pierre rayer (1793-1867), a pioneer of infectious pathology, are presented here two of his works concerning parasitic tropical pathology. the first (1838) signed by rayer alone deals with an hematuria observed in patients from mauritius. he distinguished several forms of the disease and described 15 observations which he compared to egyptian hematuria of which the parasitic agent (bilharzia (= schistosoma) haematobium) will not be ... | 1994 | 7827524 |
| ultrasonography of ureteric abnormalities induced by schistosoma haematobium infection before and after praziquantel treatment. | to describe the ultrasonographic appearance of ureteric lesions due to schistosoma haematobium infection and to report prevalence rates of such lesions in endemic communities in mali before and after praziquantel treatment. | 1994 | 7827837 |
| preferential recognition by human ige and igg4 of a species-specific schistosoma haematobium serine protease inhibitor. | ige induction in schistosomiasis is an important human response to infection, yet few specific parasite allergens have been characterized. one allergen of schistosoma haematobium was found to be a species-specific surface antigen and a member of the serine protease inhibitor gene family (sh serpin). the purified recombinant sh serpin protein was used to characterize human isotypic responses to this antigen. quantitative elisa based on the recombinant antigen revealed marked igg4 and ige response ... | 1995 | 7844379 |
| evaluation of urinalysis reagent strips versus microscopical examination of urine for schistosoma haematobium. | this study deals with the effectivecess of chemical reagent strips for detection of haematuria and proteinuria in selecting s. haematobium egg positive subjects as compared to microscopical examination of urine. out of 222 students from primary and secondary rural schools, 191 were s. haematobium and 59 were parasitologically negative. 135 students had a count of less than 50 eggs/10 ml. urine and 56 had more than 50 eggs/10ml. the sensitivity of reagent strips in detecting haematuria was 10% an ... | 1994 | 7844425 |
| use of kato and nucleopore techniques for qualitative diagnosis of schistosomiasis. | a comparison on qualitative basis, is attempted between merthiolate-iodine-formaldehyde concentration (mifc) and kato thick smear techniques for diagnosis of schistosome eggs in stools. as well, the centrifugation-sedimentation method was compared with the nucleopore filtration technique for schistosome eggs in urine. using mifc and kato techniques, 149 out of 185 subjects were found to have schistosoma mansoni infection, 41 of them were diagnosed by kato alone, while no case was solely mifc pos ... | 1994 | 7844432 |
| epidemiological studies on schistosoma mansoni infection in the western region of saudi arabia using the potassium hydroxide stool digestion technique. | the potassium hydroxide stool digestion technique was used in 30 sites in the western region of saudi arabia (hijaz highlands and tihamah lowlands) for epidemiological studies of s. mansoni. the mean prevalence rate in 2792 individuals (1490 males and 1302 females) in hijaz highlands (20 sites) was 6.09 (0.5-20.1%) and the geometric mean egg count of stool was 110.8 (63-285). the prevalence rate was greater in males (8.06%) than in females (3.79%). the peak prevalence in males was in the age gro ... | 1995 | 7861481 |
| worm development in hamsters infected with unisex and cross-mated schistosoma mansoni and schistosoma haematobium. | schistosoma mansoni and schistosoma haematobium coexist in egypt and in other areas in africa, and people frequently are infected with parasites of both species. the effects of the interactions between worms of both sexes of the 2 species on development and egg laying were evaluated in vivo by infecting hamsters with cercariae from biomphalaria alexandrina and bulinus truncatus snails infected with single miracidia. in hamsters with unisex infections, male worms of both species were small. schis ... | 1995 | 7876983 |
| an investigation of the schistosomiasis transmission status in harare. | a schistosomiasis prevalence and intensity survey was carried out among school children in selected residential suburbs of harare. urine and stool specimens were collected for determination of schistosomiasis infection from 2,552 children aged between five and 15 years. a total of 351 (13.7 pc) school children were found to be infected with schistosoma haematobium while 172 (6.7 pc) pupils were found to be positive for s. mansoni. the arithmetic mean egg count (amec) for s. haematobium was 16 wh ... | 1994 | 7882413 |
| schistosomiasis in dogon country, mali: identification and prevalence of the species responsible for infection in the local community. | the prevalence of schistosomiasis amongst the dogon people in 4 villages and one school of the bankass district of mali was determined during 2 surveys in 1992; 1398 urine and 1199 stool samples were examined. the most common schistosome was schistosoma haematobium, with an overall prevalence of 51.3%; s. mansoni had a prevalence of 12%. no s. intercalatum egg was seen in the stools. biomphalaria pfeifferi and bulinus truncatus were found in pools at the base of the dogon cliffs; bulinus forskal ... | 1994 | 7886759 |
| schistosoma haematobium infection patterns in the rahad irrigation scheme, sudan. | patterns of infection of urinary schistosomiasis (schistosoma haematobium) were studied in 4 highly endemic village areas in the rahad irrigation scheme, sudan. the prevalence of s. haematobium infection in the total study population of 4725 individuals was 30%, and the age-prevalence and age-intensity figures increased rapidly to reach their maxima in the younger age groups. the overall prevalence of infection among males (31.7%) was slightly higher than among females (28.7%), and the two sexes ... | 1994 | 7887337 |
| water contact and schistosomiasis infection in kumba, south-western cameroon. | kumba, a town with a population of mixed background and socio-economic status, is a new and intense focus of schistosomiasis. although fountains provide clean water, the population still uses the river and streams which cross the town for most of its bathing, laundry and swimming. a multivariate analysis indicated that a local subject's age, ethnic group, knowledge about schistosomiasis and the intensity of his or her contact with the river and/or streams were all significantly associated with s ... | 1994 | 7893177 |
| the sugar chemoreception niches of bulinus (physopsis) globosus (morelet) and bulinus rohlfsi (clessin), the two most important snail hosts of schistosoma haematobium (bilharz) in west africa. | 1. the behavioural responses of two species of freshwater pulmonate snails [bulinus (p.) globosus and bulinus rohlfsi] to sugar gradients were investigated by means of diffusion olfactometers. 2. both snail species proved to be very discriminating in their responses. of the 17 sugars tested, 35.3%, namely d(-)glucuronic, maltotriose, maltose, cellobiose, d(-)arabinose, d(+)mannose proved to be statistically significant attractants or arrestants to b. rohlfsi. only 23.5% of these sugars (maltotri ... | 1993 | 7902805 |
| investigation into the prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis in the agulu lake area of anambra state, nigeria. | in epidemiological surveys for urinary schistosomiasis caused by schistosoma haematobium in communities around agulu lake, anambra state, nigeria, between 1990 and 1992, the infection was found to be endemic in the area, especially in three towns: nri, agulu, and adazi nnukwu. the prevalence rates varied between these communities and with the year. inter-town prevalence rates ranged from 5.96% to 54.00%. intravillage prevalence rates ranged between 5.50% to 96.43%. prevalence rates were highest ... | 1994 | 7930452 |
| hourly change in cercarial densities of schistosoma haematobium and s. bovis at different depths in the water and distances from the shore of a dam in kwale district, kenya. | hourly change in cercarial densities was studied at different depths in the water and distances from the shore at a dam in kwale district (kenya), where schistosoma haematobium is highly endemic, by using a filtration apparatus for detecting cercariae. the peak of cercarial density at the surface of water (2-3 cm deep) was at 11:00 hours. those at the middle point (25 cm deep) and the bottom (50 cm deep) were at 12:00 and 13:00 hours respectively. in the morning, the majority of cercariae (79% o ... | 1994 | 7939159 |
| estimation of prevalences of urinary schistosomiasis using haematuria. | a survey was carried out to determine urinary schistosomiasis infection among pupils in 230 evenly spread primary schools in benue state of nigeria. in each school visited, urine samples of 100 randomly selected pupils were examined for schistosoma haematobium infection and evidence of haematuria. the data collected were subjected to correlations and a regression analysis from which positive correlation and a regression equation were obtained for the relationship between the number of pupils wit ... | 1994 | 7954730 |
| haematobium schistosomiasis presenting in the netherlands as a skin disease. | a rare case is reported of extragenital skin schistosomiasis as the presenting symptom in a 24-year-old dutch student, who had swum some months earlier in lake malawi in mozambique. grouped papules dorsolateral on the lower thorax were shown by biopsy to be due to infection by schistosoma haematobium. the eggs were viable and surrounded by necrosis and partly purulent, partly granulomatous dermatitis that also affected hair follicles. the second biopsy, taken 2.5 months after treatment with praz ... | 1994 | 7978075 |
| onchocerca volvulus and schistosoma haematobium infection in southern sierra leone. | | 1994 | 7983984 |
| speed of skin penetration and initial migration route of infective larvae of schistosoma haematobium in meriones unguiculatus. | the kinetics of skin penetration of schistosoma haematobium (bilharz, 1852) (trematoda, schistosomatidae) cercariae is reported for the first time, meriones unguiculatus (rodent, gerbillidae) being used as experimental model. it has been demonstrated that the cercariae cross the epidermis of their hosts either directly or through hair follicles culs-de-sac from 3 to 5 min. the corresponding schistosomulae slide into the superficial part of the dermis or move along the base of hair follicles. six ... | 1994 | 7987704 |
| progress in the control of schistosomiasis in mauritius. | schistosomiasis in mauritius was mainly dealt with in hospitals and their annexed services until 1988 when a special control programme was started by the ministry of health with the technical help of the world health organization and the financial assistance of the theodor bilharz foundation (germany). as only schistosoma haematobium is present in mauritius, this consisted of screening for microhaematuria and/or eggs in urine, health education and mollusciciding. all the primary school populatio ... | 1994 | 7992322 |
| the interpretation of intensity and aggregation data for infections of schistosoma haematobium. | the relationships between mean intensities of infection, the aggregation of infection among hosts, and host age are analysed using data from 2 large (> 3000 individuals) field studies of schistosoma haematobium infection. the data show a convex relationship between mean intensity and age, a convex relationship between an inverse index of aggregation and age, and an age-dependent relationship between the mean and aggregation of infection intensity when levels of infection are high. these patterns ... | 1994 | 7992326 |
| immunoglobulin e and effector cells in schistosomiasis. | | 1994 | 8009216 |
| cerebral schistosomiasis caused by schistosoma haematobium: case report. | the cns is an unusual site of ectopic infection in schistosomiasis. cerebral lesions are caused primarily by schistosoma japonicum, and spinal cord lesions are due primarily to schistosoma mansoni and schistosoma haematobium. s. haematobium is an unusual cause of cerebral mass lesions although schistosomal eggs can be frequently found in the brains of individuals in countries where s. haematobium is endemic. we describe a patient with a space-occupying cerebral lesion and schistosomal granulomas ... | 1994 | 8011815 |
| circulating anodic and cathodic antigen in serum and urine from schistosoma haematobium-infected cameroonian children receiving praziquantel: a longitudinal study. | a cohort of 148 cameroonian children infected with schistosoma haematobium was followed before praziquantel therapy and 1, 2, 3, 5, and 12 months thereafter. egg output, the reagent strip index (rsi, a pathological marker), and circulating anodic antigen (caa) and circulating cathodic antigen (cca) in serum and urine were quantified. at enrollment, the median level of egg output was 365/10 ml of urine; 97% of children had a positive rsi; caa was detected in serum from 76% of children and in urin ... | 1994 | 8011824 |
| [human water-contact study on schistosomiasis--its aim, achievement and prospective]. | parasitic helminths can not choose a strategy for fighting against their hosts but can only compromise with them. they do not kill their hosts because the host is necessary for their survival. schistosoma haematobium, one of the main causes of tropical parasitic diseases, is a parasitic helminth whose only host is human beings and therefore is considered to evolve fully while adapting to humans. in a human community, the peak intensity and peak prevalence of s. haematobium infection occur in ado ... | 1994 | 8016489 |
| [arguments for the modification of the genome (introgression) of the human parasite schistosoma haematobium by genes from s. bovis, in niger]. | characterization of schistosome populations from human in eastern niger, through intra-uterine egg morphology of female parasites and phenotopic analyses of worms observed for acid phosphatase using electrophoretic separation, renders results that suggest an intogression of s. haematobium from man by genes of s. bovis, a parasite of domestic livestock. the origin of this introgression, that could implicate s. curassoni as well, another livestock parasite that hybridize with s. bovis, is discusse ... | 1993 | 8019888 |
| a phylogenetic analysis of schistosoma haematobium group species based on randomly amplified polymorphic dna. | randomly amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) profiles were produced using four oligonucleotide primers with genomic dna from 15 isolates of schistosome. both inter- and intraspecific variation were noted. intraspecific variation was greater for two species of the s. haematobium group (s. haematobium and s. intercalatum) than for s. mansoni. the inferred phylogeny placed s. curassoni and s. bovis as sister groups to s. mansoni-s. rodhaini group. s. mattheei and s. leiperi formed a separate lineage. ... | 1994 | 8026909 |
| [hematuria in a senegalese patient]. | | 1994 | 8049291 |
| monitoring the efficacy of different doses of praziquantel by quantification of circulating antigens in serum and urine of schistosomiasis patients. | we evaluated the quantitation of two schistosome circulating antigens in serum and urine as a tool for the assessment of the efficacy of praziquantel dosage regimens (40 versus 60 mg/kgbw). in addition we compared the efficacy of two different brands of praziquantel (biltricide and distocide), given at the same dosage (40 mg/kgbw). thirty five egyptian hospitalized schistosomiasis mansoni patients participated in this study. thirteen patients (group 1) received 60 mg/kgbw biltricide, administere ... | 1994 | 8052507 |
| aggregation in schistosomiasis: comparison of the relationships between prevalence and intensity in different endemic areas. | distributions of the intensities of helminth infections within their host populations are invariably aggregated. in the case of the intestinal nematodes, the degrees of aggregation have been shown to be species specific, and constant for any given species despite geographical variation in study sites. this species-specific aggregation can be quantified and used as a tool in planning control interventions. one practical application is that the prevalence of infection can be used to predict the pr ... | 1994 | 8058368 |
| traditional herbal remedies used for the treatment of urinary schistosomiasis in zimbabwe. | a total of 286 traditional healers, 85% of them registered with the zimbabwe national traditional healers' association (zinatha), in five administrative provinces of zimbabwe, were interviewed to assess their knowledge about the signs and symptoms of urinary schistosomiasis. information on the names of plants used to treat schistosoma haematobium infections was solicited. haematuria was mentioned by 99% of the traditional healers to be the most obvious sign of s. haematobium infection. general b ... | 1994 | 8072305 |
| urinary schistosomiasis in childhood. | | 1994 | 8073544 |
| schistosoma haematobium in rural school children in nigeria. | a survey of schistosoma haematobium infection was carried out in 722 rural school children in emu, edo state of nigeria. the ages of the children ranged from 5-19 years with those between the age-group 10-14 years constituting the highest percentage 317 (43.9%). there were more males 383 (53.0%) than females 339 (47.0%) in the study population. urine analysis of these children showed that 254 (35.2%) of them were excreting schistosoma haematobium ova and of these 196 (27.2%) had haematuria. the ... | 1994 | 8080828 |
| effect of schistosoma haematobium infection on the physical growth and school performance of nigerian children. | a cross-sectional study of urinary schistosomiasis among 510 primary school children in ijiman community in south eastern nigeria was undertaken in may 1992. schistosoma prevalence and intensity of infection including the impact of the disease on the physical growth and school performance of the subjects aged 5-15 years was assessed. prevalence of schistosoma haematobium was 44 pc with the rate rising progressively with age, with a peak prevalence at 10-15. the ova burden was of light intensity ... | 1994 | 8082154 |
| [appendiceal localization of bilharziasis: value of extemporaneous histological examination]. | the association of appendicitis with schistosomiasis in the appendix is extremely rare in france. we report herein a new case in which the diagnosis was made, in the presence of pseudo-tumoral appendicitis, by frozen section biopsies. the patient presented with a typical acute appendicitis, without urinary symptoms, and with granulocytosis (14000 white cells/mm3, without eosinophilia). at laparotomy, the appendix was voluminous, with necrotic abscess, and lymph node masses were noted on the grea ... | 1994 | 8085764 |
| influence of histamine receptor antagonists on the dynamics of the cutaneous hypersensitivity reaction in patients infected with schistosoma haematobium. | the biphasic cutaneous hypersensitivity response elicited by intradermal administration of s. haematobium antigen to patients with schistosomiasis may be used as a model for drug effects on cell dynamics. as the effects of h1- and h2-blockade, and the possible involvement of h3-receptors, have not been elucidated, we have examined the effects of combinations of cetirizine, cimetidine and betahistine on the response of patients with confirmed schistosomiasis. the skin blister technique was used. ... | 1993 | 8102968 |
| indirect assessment of eosinophiluria in urinary schistosomiasis using eosinophil cationic protein (ecp) and eosinophil protein x (epx). | the pre- and post-treatment level of eosinophiluria, as measured indirectly by the amount of free or cell bound eosinophil cationic protein (ecp) and eosinophil protein x (epx) in urine from schistosoma haematobium-infected kenyan school children, were measured and compared with intensity of infection (eggs/10 ml of urine), albuminuria and pathological changes as detected by ultrasonography. ecp and epx were determined by means of specific elisa methods and levels were determined in both urine s ... | 1993 | 8103623 |
| schistosoma haematobium in cervical. | | 1993 | 8110979 |
| [schistosomiasis and signet ring cell carcinoma of the ileocecal valve]. | a 24-year-old male egyptian complained of cramp-like upper abdominal discomfort and weight loss (3 kg) over 4 weeks. physical examination merely gave evidence of the weight loss and of a slightly prominent gas-filled abdomen, mild diffuse abdominal tenderness and considerable borborygmus. radiology of the intestines revealed chronic subileus of the small intestine caused by stenosis of the ileocaecal valve, which was impassable by coloscope. biopsy suggested schistosomiasis of the ileocaecal val ... | 1994 | 8119110 |
| [tubal bilharziasis]. | we report a case of tubular bilharziosis discovered on a surgical specimen after salpingectomy. tubular bilharziosis is not exceptional in endemic zones but is rarely found in europe. the species most often isolated is schistosoma haematobium. contamination occurs via vascular anastomoses between the bladder and the genital organs. bilharziosis has been shown to be a cause of extra-uterine pregnancy although its effect on fertility is yet to be established. | 1993 | 8132960 |
| inflammation, chromosomal instability, and cancer: the schistosomiasis model. | evidence is accumulating in support of a role for reactive oxygen species in the etiology of cancer. inflammatory cells, such as neutrophils, macrophages, and eosinophils, are an important endogenous source of oxygen radicals. stimulation of these cells by tumor promoters or by foreign bodies (parasites, bacteria, etc.) causes the release of reactive oxygen species. laboratory studies have shown that genetic damage and neoplastic transformation are induced in vitro in cells cocultured with activ ... | 1994 | 8137314 |
| nitrate, nitrite and volatile n-nitroso compounds in the urine of schistosoma haematobium and schistosoma mansoni infected patients. | the present study presents, for the first time, the amounts of nitrate, nitrite and volatile n-nitroso compounds in saliva and urine samples of schistosoma haematobium and schistosoma mansoni infected patients. mid-morning saliva and 24 h urine samples were collected from male patients infected with s.haematobium (n = 129 saliva and 79 urine samples) and s.mansoni (n = 64 saliva and 65 urine samples) and in a comparative control group of healthy individuals (n = 27) from the nile delta region of ... | 1994 | 8149471 |
| cross-protection between species of the schistosoma haematobium group induced by vaccination with irradiated parasites. | mice vaccinated with irradiated cercariae of schistosoma haematobium, s. bovis and s. margrebowiei showed good levels of resistance (38-62%) against an homologous challenge, and varying degrees of resistance (19-46%), against challenges with closely related species. no protection against s. mansoni was induced by vaccination with any of these species. this restricted cross-protection reflects the close phylogenetic relationship between species of the s. haematobium group and indicates that immun ... | 1994 | 8152831 |