| [trial of halofantrine in the treatment of malaria attacks by plasmodium falciparum in dakar (senegal)]. | halofantrine has been given to 14 children and 15 adults suffering from an acute attack of p. falciparum malaria and living in dakar (senegal) to a total dose of 24 mg/kg/body weight for the first group and 1,500 mg for the second in 3 times at 6-hourly intervals. this treatment has allowed the fever to clear in all cases within 36.3 +/- 19.9 hours and headache to disappear at d3 in 93.1% of cases. a reduction by 93.6% of the average parasite density which amounted before treatment to 27,710 tro ... | 1991 | 1764759 |
| sensitivity of falciparum malaria to chloroquine and amodiaquine in four districts of western kenya (1985-1987). | in-vivo and in-vitro studies to determine the sensitivity of plasmodium falciparum malaria to chloroquine and amodiaquine were conducted in 4 districts of western kenya over a 2-year-period. patients aged 5-60 years, were treated with chloroquine or amodiaquine base 25 mg/kg over 3 days. recurrence of parasitaemia within 7 days (r1 resistance) or failure to clear parasites (r11 resistance) was observed in 27% of infections in west pokot district, 51% in busia, 45% in bungoma and 19% in rusinga i ... | 1991 | 1765012 |
| simulation of kinetic data on the influx and efflux of chloroquine by erythrocytes infected with plasmodium falciparum. evidence for a drug-importer in chloroquine-sensitive strains. | literature data on influx and efflux kinetics of chloroquine (cq) with erythrocytes infected with the malaria parasite plasmodium falciparum were simulated using a four-compartment model with first-order exchange between the compartments. the four compartments represent (1) the buffer surrounding the infected erythrocyte; (2) the cytosol of the host erythrocyte; (3) the parasite cytosol; and (4) the food vacuole. simulations showed that basal membrane transport of cq, estimated from data on infl ... | 1991 | 1768274 |
| antimalarial activity of optical isomers of quinacrine dihydrochloride against chloroquine-sensitive and -resistant plasmodium falciparum in vitro. | both enantiomers of quinacrine and the racemic form of the drug showed equal activity in vitro against chloroquine-sensitive and -resistant strains of plasmodium falciparum, without detectable stereoselectivity. this contrasts with observations on chloroquine, where a similar lack of stereoselectivity in vitro is accompanied by a 10-fold loss of activity against the resistant strain. the observed in vivo differences reported for the enantiomers of chloroquine and the observations on the opticall ... | 1991 | 1768282 |
| quantitation of malaria sporozoites in the salivary glands of wild afrotropical anopheles. | the number of malaria sporozoites in the salivary glands was determined microscopically for 1137 wild, naturally infected anopheles from western kenya. infective anopheles gambiae giles sensu lato (n = 874) contained a geometric mean (gm) of 962 sporozoites and an.funestus giles (n = 263) contained 812. no significant differences were detected in geometric mean numbers of sporozoites between species, collection techniques or sites. of the infective an.gambiae, 1.7% (15/874) contained more than 4 ... | 1991 | 1768902 |
| anatomical dissemination of circumsporozoite protein in wild afrotropical anopheles affects malaria sporozoite rate determination by elisa. | the head, thorax, wings, legs and abdomen of 320 wild-caught anopheles gambiae giles sensu lato and 115 an.funestus giles were tested by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for plasmodium falciparum welch to determine how anatomical dissemination of circumsporozoite (cs) protein could affect the estimation of malaria sporozoite rates by elisa. of fifty-three anopheles with cs protein detected in any body part, positive reactions were observed for 58.5% of heads, 67.0% of thoraces, 39.6% ... | 1991 | 1768904 |
| self-reported illness and risk behaviours amongst canadian travellers while abroad. | 403 travellers who attended the university of calgary international travel clinic between august 1, 1987 and june 1, 1988, were asked to return a questionnaire detailing health, illness and risk factors while abroad. of the 296 respondents, most travelled for fewer than 6 weeks time; destinations were primarily areas where chloroquine-resistant plasmodium falciparum had been reported. diarrhea was experienced by 57.3% of respondents; eating food purchased from street vendors was found to be a si ... | 1991 | 1768989 |
| visual assessment of sporozoite and bloodmeal elisa samples in malaria field studies. | the accuracy of visually assessing positivity for samples of field-collected anopheles tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisa) for plasmodium falciparum sporozoites and human bloodmeals was determined during malaria field studies in kenya. six observers familiar with elisas evaluated 5,344 sporozoite elisa samples and four observers evaluated 360 bloodmeal samples as either positive or negative based on the presence and strength of green-colored peroxidase reactions relative to cont ... | 1991 | 1770515 |
| knobs, knob proteins and cytoadherence in falciparum malaria. | 1. the sequestration of trophozoite and schizont infected erythrocytes (irbc) in post-capillary venules of host internal organs causes most of the morbidity and mortality in falciparum malaria. it is a knob mediated cytoadherence phenomenon where knobs act as the focal junction between irbc and host endothelial cell. knobless (k-) parasites, isolated from cultures (not yet isolated from in vivo), do not cause virulent infections. knobs thus play an important role in pathophysiology of falciparum ... | 1991 | 1773882 |
| protective value of elevated levels of gamma interferon in serum against exoerythrocytic stages of plasmodium falciparum. | in vitro experiments suggested that gamma interferon, cd8+ t cells, and anticircumsporozoite antibodies inhibited the exoerythrocytic stages of malaria parasites. to assess the role played in vivo by these factors, we conducted a prospective study in madagascar. forty individuals with a negative blood smear were followed for 8 weeks to detect the appearance of parasites in blood. nineteen subjects remained negative for malaria, whereas 21 individuals became positive during follow-up. among these ... | 1991 | 1774292 |
| levels of cytokines in plasma during plasmodium falciparum malaria attacks. | the variation of levels of tumor necrosis factor, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, gamma interferon, neopterin, and interleukin-2 receptors in plasma were monitored in 16 patients presenting with an acute plasmodium falciparum malaria attack. relations among cytokine levels and between cytokine levels and hematological and parasitological data were assessed. | 1991 | 1774338 |
| primary structure and localization of a conserved immunogenic plasmodium falciparum glutamate rich protein (glurp) expressed in both the preerythrocytic and erythrocytic stages of the vertebrate life cycle. | a gene coding for a 220-kda glutamate rich protein (glurp), an exoantigen of plasmodium falciparum, was isolated and its nucleotide sequence was determined. the deduced amino acid sequence contains 2 repeat regions. the sequence of one of these was shown to be conserved among geographically dispersed isolates, and a fusion protein containing that sequence was able to stimulate b- and t-cells. antibodies against glurp stained erythrocytic stages of the parasite as well as the hepatic stage as det ... | 1991 | 1775153 |
| the accumulation and metabolism of a fluorescent ceramide derivative in plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes. | we have examined the accumulation and metabolism of n-[7-(4-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole)]aminocaproyl sphingosine (c6-nbd-cer) in plasmodium falciparum fcr-3/a2-infected erythrocytes. c6-nbd-cer transferred to live infected erythrocytes at 2 degrees c to label the infected red cell surface and intracellular parasite membranes. subsequent incubation for 30 min at 2 degrees c, resulted in a depletion of the ceramide label from the red cell membrane and an accumulation of fluorescence in parasite ... | 1991 | 1775154 |
| proteolytic processing of the plasmodium falciparum merozoite surface protein-1 produces a membrane-bound fragment containing two epidermal growth factor-like domains. | the amino-terminal sequence has been obtained for 2 fragments of the plasmodium falciparum t9/94 merozoite surface protein precursor (pfmsp1) and these have been compared with the sequence predicted from the gene. these data define the position of these fragments in the precursor and indicate that the c-terminal sequence which is carried into the red cell during invasion consists of 2 epidermal growth factor (egf)-like domains. a homologous cleavage sequence and domain structure can be identifie ... | 1991 | 1775158 |
| primary structure of a plasmodium falciparum rhoptry antigen. | the high-molecular-weight rhoptry complex of plasmodium falciparum consists of 3 non-covalently associated polypeptides of 150, 135 and 105 kda. we present the complete nucleotide sequence of the 105-kda (rhoph3) component of this complex derived from analysis of genomic and cdna clones. the genomic structure is unusually complex for p. falciparum, consisting of 7 exons including 2 mini-exons of 19 and 21 amino acids. the sequence lacks tandem repeats and is conserved among several parasite isol ... | 1991 | 1775161 |
| artemisinin (qinghaosu): the role of intracellular hemin in its mechanism of antimalarial action. | artemisinin (qinghaosu), is a promising new antimalarial drug derived from an ancient chinese herbal remedy. when [13-14c]artemisinin is added to cultures of plasmodium falciparum, it is converted into a product with different solubility and chromatographic properties than the parent drug. artemisinin reacts with hemin in aqueous solution to form an adduct with an apparent molecular weight of 914 which has identical chromatographic, solubility, and electrophoretic behavior to the parasite-derive ... | 1991 | 1775162 |
| genetic hybrids of plasmodium falciparum identified by amplification of genomic dna from single oocysts. | individual oocysts from plasmodium falciparum-infected anopheles gambiae and anopheles stephensi mosquitoes have been examined by the pcr technique, after their removal from the midgut. the dna obtained from these oocysts has been amplified using oligonucleotide primers specific for part of the merozoite surface antigen msa-1 gene. this technique distinguishes oocysts which are the products of self-fertilisation events from those which are the products of cross-fertilisation between different pa ... | 1991 | 1775167 |
| a plasmodium falciparum blood stage antigen highly homologous to the glycophorin binding protein gbp. | we have isolated a gene coding for a protein highly homologous to an antigen known as the glycophorin binding protein (gbp) which was therefore called gbph. the gene consists of 2 exons interrupted by an intron located at a position corresponding to that of the gbp gene. the deduced amino acid sequence of gbph comprises 427 residues and is characterized by a signal sequence and by an extended repeat region consisting of 8 units of 40 amino acid residues. the comparison of the amino acid sequence ... | 1991 | 1775169 |
| polymorphism of the alleles of the merozoite surface antigens msa1 and msa2 in plasmodium falciparum wild isolates from colombia. | the degree of polymorphism and the allelic distribution of 2 major plasmodium falciparum merozoite surface antigens (msa1 and msa2) have been analysed in clinical isolates from colombia. dna was prepared directly from patients' blood and used in pcr reactions to amplify block 2 of msa1 and the central region from msa2. thirty one samples were analysed and a marked degree of length polymorphism was detected, especially for msa2. a high proportion of multiple bands was also observed, most probably ... | 1991 | 1775170 |
| sequence of the gene encoding an immunodominant microneme protein of eimeria tenella. | a heterodisperse family of antigens, previously detected on sporozoites and merozoites of eimeria tenella, has been localised to the microneme organelles within the sporozoite. sequencing of genomic and cdna clones shows that the gene for this antigen family contains 4 exons separated by 3 short (519, 226 and 156 nucleotides) intervening sequences and that the predicted polypeptide from the longest open reading frame has 4 structural domains. one of these contains 5 copies of the thrombospondin- ... | 1991 | 1775171 |
| the primary structure of plasmodium falciparum dna polymerase delta is similar to drug sensitive delta-like viral dna polymerases. | we report the isolation and sequencing of genomic dna clones that encode the 1094-amino acid catalytic subunit of dna polymerase delta from the human malaria parasite plasmodium falciparum. protein sequence comparison to other dna polymerases revealed the presence of six highly conserved regions found in alpha-like dna polymerases from different prokaryotic, viral, and eukaryotic sources. five additional regions of amino acid sequence similarity that are only conserved in delta and delta-like dn ... | 1991 | 1775172 |
| antiamoebic and antiplasmodial activities of alkaloids isolated from strychnos usambarensis. | seven alkaloids isolated from strychnos usambarensis have been assessed for in vitro activities against entamoeba histolytica and plasmodium falciparum and for in vivo activity against plasmodium berghei in mice. strychnopentamine and 3',4'-dihydrousambarensine were highly active against p. falciparum in vitro, but were inactive and non-toxic against p. berghei in vivo. usambarensine, usambarine, and 18,19-dihydrousambarine were highly active against e. histolytica in vitro, but were less active ... | 1991 | 1775573 |
| antimalarial activity of tanzanian plants and their active constituents: the genus uvaria. | petroleum ether, dichloromethane, and methanol extracts of leaves, stem, and root bark of nine uvaria species: u. dependens, u. faulknerae, u. kirkii, u. leptocladon, u. lucida ssp. lucida, uvaria sp. (pande)k u scheffleri, and u. tanzaniae were tested for their in vitro activity against the multidrug resistant k1 strain of plasmodium falciparum. the ic50 values of the extracts varied between 5 and 500 micrograms/ml. the most active extracts were obtained from the stem and root bark of u. lucida ... | 1991 | 1775574 |
| alkaloids from dehaasia incrassata. | | 1991 | 1775584 |
| alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (orosomucoid) and plasma protein binding of quinine in falciparum malaria. | 1. plasma concentrations of alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (aag) and plasma protein binding of quinine were measured in 97 thai adults with acute falciparum malaria. there was a linear relationship between log aag and percentage quinine binding (r = 0.71, p less than 0.001) in vivo, which was similar to that observed in vitro; the slopes and intercepts of the regression lines at aag concentrations of 1 g l-1 were -8.94 and -8.41, and 7.2% and 10.9%, respectively. 2. hill plots from these data suggest ... | 1991 | 1777366 |
| effect of plasmodium falciparum malaria infection on the plasma concentration of alpha 1-acid glycoprotein and the binding of quinine in malawian children. | 1. we have measured plasma concentrations of alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (agp) in 18 healthy children and 85 children with falciparum malaria in malawi. in addition, we determined the degree of protein binding of quinine (qn) in the plasma of 52 of the patients and each of the healthy controls. 2. the mean plasma agp concentration was higher in patients than in controls (p less than 0.0001) and remained elevated 3 weeks after complete resolution of malaria infection. 3. the mean unbound qn fractio ... | 1991 | 1777367 |
| immunological fine structure of the variable and constant regions of a polymorphic malarial surface antigen from plasmodium falciparum. | the 51-kda merozoite surface antigen msa2 of plasmodium falciparum shows considerable strain-dependent polymorphism. although marked sequence variation occurs in the central region of the molecule, the n and c-terminal sequences are highly conserved. a number of monoclonal antibodies directed against msa2 have been described which inhibit parasite growth in vitro, but these are all directed against variable regions. in an attempt to raise strain independent antibodies we have prepared peptide-di ... | 1991 | 1779984 |
| induction and localization of plasmodium falciparum stress proteins related to the heat shock protein 70 family. | induction of heat shock-related stress proteins pfhsp and pfgrp, similar in sequence to hsp70 (heat shock protein) and grp78 (glucose-regulated protein), respectively, was studied in culture-derived parasite plasmodium falciparum. elevation in temperature from 26 degrees c to 37 degrees c and higher caused significant induction of pfhsp with a moderate effect on the synthesis of pfgrp also. synthesis of pfgrp, however, was not induced by partial glucose deprivation. on the contrary, lack of gluc ... | 1991 | 1779989 |
| organisation and expression of small subunit ribosomal rna genes encoded by a 35-kilobase circular dna in plasmodium falciparum. | a restriction map of the 35-kb circular dna molecule of plasmodium falciparum showed that a region of about 6 kb, encoding both a large and a small subunit ribosomal rna gene, has been duplicated in inverted orientation. the complete sequence of one small subunit rrna gene is presented as well as an analysis of transcripts from erythrocytic stage parasites. comparative sequence analysis of the rrna gene and the proposed secondary structure of the rrna suggest that it is of organellar origin. int ... | 1991 | 1779991 |
| susceptibility of plasmodium falciparum in vitro to chloroquine, mefloquine, quinine and sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine in somalia: relationships between the responses to the different drugs. | the susceptibilities of plasmodium falciparum to chloroquine, mefloquine, quinine and sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine were investigated in mogadishu in 1988, after chloroquine resistance had spread widely in somalia. possible correlations of the responses to these drugs were also investigated. standard world health organization in vitro micro-tests were performed. of 76 isolates tested for chloroquine susceptibility, 58 (76%) were resistant to the drug with mean ec50 and ec99 values of 1.06 x 10(-6) m ... | 1991 | 1780976 |
| positive relationship between the response of plasmodium falciparum to chloroquine and pyronaridine. | | 1991 | 1780977 |
| genetic diversity of plasmodium falciparum in a village in eastern sudan. 1. diversity of enzymes, 2d-page proteins and antigens. | twenty-nine plasmodium falciparum isolates from patients in asar village, eastern sudan, were characterized for variation in 18 different genetically controlled characters, including iso-enzymes, proteins detected by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and blood-stage antigens. considerable allelic diversity in the genes determining these characters was detected. each isolate contained genetically distinct parasites. fifteen individuals were infected with more than one parasite ge ... | 1991 | 1780978 |
| genetic diversity of plasmodium falciparum in a village in eastern sudan. 2. drug resistance, molecular karyotypes and the mdr1 genotype of recent isolates. | isolates of plasmodium falciparum from a sudanese village have been collected as part of a study of parasite genetic diversity during seasonal malaria epidemics. the sensitivity in vitro to chloroquine, pyrimethamine and mefloquine of these isolates has been determined. to assess the utility of pulse field gel chromosome separations in isolate characterization, 18 samples from individual patients in a single village were studied using this technique. extensive variation in chromosome size was de ... | 1991 | 1780979 |
| alternative hypothesis for the evolution of chloroquine resistant plasmodium falciparum in africa. | | 1991 | 1781017 |
| transmission of plasmodium falciparum by heart transplant. | | 1991 | 1782492 |
| in vitro sensitivity of southern african reference isolates of plasmodium falciparum to chloroquine and pyrimethamine. | the in vitro sensitivity to chloroquine and pyrimethamine of 19 culture-adapted southern african reference isolates of plasmodium falciparum was determined using a 48-hour assay. four isolates collected in kwazulu, natal, were sensitive to chloroquine, and one of these was sensitive to the drug in vivo. eight isolates from kwazulu or mozambique were resistant to chloroquine in vitro. six of these isolates were chloroquine-resistant in varying degrees in vivo. four of five isolates from north-eas ... | 1991 | 1786619 |
| [seroepidemiological study of malaria in the algerian sahara]. | on the basis of geoclimatic characteristics, the saharan region of algeria (area, 2 million km2) is made up of several subregions; analysis of the historical data on malaria in this region seems to show that the epidemiological situation is closely linked to climatic and hydrographic conditions. a longitudinal sero-epidemiological study was conducted in this vast region from september 1983 to april 1985. the general findings do not appear to support the existence of active foci of transmission, ... | 1991 | 1786620 |
| malaria and the sickle cell gene in the tramba district of tanzania. | | 1991 | 1787104 |
| ethanol euthanasia and its effect on the binding of antibody generated against an immunogenic peptide construct. | mice were immunised with an immunogenic peptide construct cknnnstnsgi coupled to diphtheria toxoid as a carrier. this peptide sequence contains the epitope stns which is the target of inhibitory monoclonal antibodies directed against the second merozoite surface antigen of plasmodium falciparum. antisera raised against the peptide construct were taken using an injection of 70 per cent ethanol or sodium pentobarbitone as methods of euthanasia and these methods compared by determining their effect ... | 1991 | 1788478 |
| hypoxanthine depletion induced by xanthine oxidase inhibits malaria parasite growth in vitro. | | 1991 | 1789199 |
| new nucleoside transport pathways induced in the host erythrocyte membrane of malaria and babesia infected cells. | | 1991 | 1789200 |
| [antibody levels against circumsporozoitic protein of plasmodium falciparum and their use as epidemiological indicators of malaria transmission in fir of comoros]. | epidemiological survey on prevalence of plasmodium falciparum anti-circumsporozoite antibodies (ab-cs) was carried out in 21 villages of comoros fir, at the beginning of 1988 rainy season. evaluation of anopheline indoor resting densities was also carried out at the same time. frequencies of antibody-positive subjects vary considerably in the different villages, according to the anopheles gambiae and a. funestus densities per room, which are determined by ecological factors. ab-cs prevalence var ... | 1991 | 1789679 |
| new trends in chloroquine efficacy in the treatment of malaria: chloroquine-resistant plasmodium falciparum in anambra and benue states of nigeria. | increasing malaria treatment failures with chloroquine (c25) and reports of chloroquine resistant plasmodium falciparum (crpf) led to the field survey of two sites (agbani and jato-aka) both in primary health zone a, using who--in vivo seven-day test, modified to 14-day follow-up period. of the 922 children studied, high transmission rates of 40 pc and 59.2 pc were found in agbani and jato-aka respectively. varying degrees of parasitologic failures (crpf), 52 pc in agbani and 60 pc in jato-aka w ... | 1991 | 1790563 |
| malaria transmission potential by anopheles mosquitoes of dajabon, dominican republic. | a field and laboratory study was conducted to determine some of the parameters relevant to malaria transmission by anopheles mosquitoes in dajabon province, dominican republic. although all 4 species occurring in the area, i.e., an. albimanus, an. crucians, an. grabhamii and an. vestitipennis, were included in the investigations, most of the work focused on the first and last named species because of their abundance. gonotrophic cycles were determined to be 2.6 and 3.2 days for an. albimanus and ... | 1991 | 1791456 |
| prospects for malaria control in urban and rural kinshasa. | malaria is a major cause of paediatric illness and death in kinshasa, and all 3 million inhabitants are at risk. in view of the increasing chloroquine-resistance of plasmodium falciparum, the early treatment of fever cases as the sole malaria control measure is no longer acceptable. the prospects for vector control are determined by the effectiveness, the acceptability and the practicability of the various methods in the local conditions of kinshasa. pronounced differences in the level of endemi ... | 1991 | 1793262 |
| [campaign against malaria vectors in the framework of a rural development project in burundi]. | in the context of a large project for the socio-economic improvement of the imbo area, measures were taken for the integration at all levels of malaria control: health centres for improvement of curative care; hygiene and sanitation centres, communes and agricultural projects for vector control; craftsmen, cooperatives and social centres for the manufacture and selling of impregnated bed-nets. the adopted strategy for malaria control results from preliminary epidemiological studies. the recommen ... | 1991 | 1793263 |
| [the impact of anti-vector measures in unstable malaria zones in africa]. | | 1991 | 1793285 |
| [treatment of acute malaria in children]. | | 1991 | 1793351 |
| [the molecular bases of the pathogenesis of malaria and their potential uses in developing a combined therapy for the infection]. | molecular mimicry of a host is essential malaria parasite invasion and spreading in a host and it makes self-advantage for the parasite affecting vital organs and systems of the latter. it is tempting to assume that monoclonal antibody (ma) blocking specific (such as imam-i or cd36) and some unspecific (such as c3b) receptors of the blood stages of p. falciparum may prevent the malignant course of the infection. in our experience pyrazolone derivative not only suppressed schizont p. vivax infect ... | 1991 | 1795679 |
| clearance of plasmodium falciparum after reduced single daily doses of quinine in asymptomatic children in guinea bissau. | asymptomatic schoolchildren in guinea bissau were given approximately 10 mg of quinine/kg body weight once daily during 5 days (n = 15) or 3 days (n = 16) for treatment of p. falciparum. five children had parasitemia on the seventh day of follow up. adverse reactions were reported by 12 children during treatment, mainly mild tinnitus, dizziness and vomiting. single daily doses were less effective than the divided doses previously used by us for the same short time period and also associated with ... | 1991 | 1796238 |
| [imported malaria--clinical problems]. | over the period from 1985 to 1989, 107 patients suffering from malaria were treated in the institute for infectious and tropical diseases in belgrade. the eradication of malaria in yugoslavia was carried out in 1960 and all the new cases originated from different african countries. most of these patients were yugoslav citizens working in these countries. plasmodium falciparum was the cause of malaria in most of them. the parasytologic analysis of dense drops and smears of peripheric blood reveal ... | 1991 | 1796334 |
| plasmodium falciparum: effects of phaeanthine, a naturally-occurring bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid, on chloroquine-resistant and -sensitive parasites in vitro, and its influence on chloroquine activity. | phaeanthine, a bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid which occurs naturally in triclisia species, was extracted from triclisia patens (menispermaceae) obtained from sierra leone (west africa). in vitro, phaeanthine was found to be twice as potent against a chloroquine-resistant plasmodium falciparum strain (k1), as against a chloroquine-sensitive clone (t9-96), with 50% inhibitory concentrations of 365.85 (+/- 11.41) nm and 704.87 (+/- 81.48) nm respectively. at a sub-inhibitory concentration of 80.35 ... | 1991 | 1796863 |
| plasmodium falciparum sensitivity to erythromycin and 4-aminoquinoline combinations in vitro. | although erythromycin has been reported to be active against plasmodium falciparum in vitro and p. berghei in vivo and in vitro when given alone or with chloroquine, it has been difficult to demonstrate a beneficial effect for the combination of erythromycin and chloroquine when used for the treatment of p. falciparum infections in humans. we developed a seven-day test of parasite sensitivity to a 4-aminoquinoline and erythromycin combination in vitro. eight isolates of p. falciparum from the ke ... | 1991 | 1796864 |
| the antimalarial activity of mouse tumour necrosis serum is blocked by purines. | | 1991 | 1796872 |
| epidemiology of plasmodium falciparum in a rice field and a savanna area in burkina faso: seasonal fluctuations of gametocytaemia and malarial infectivity. | for a better understanding of the epidemiology of plasmodium falciparum in an african savanna area, the authors have: (a) defined the real gametocyte reservoir in the native population; (b) followed the fluctuations of gametocytaemia throughout the transmission period; and (c) measured the infectiousness of malarious individuals to mosquitoes. the transversal surveys, in different villages of this endemic area, have shown that gametocyte carrier rates decreased with age and malaria experience; 1 ... | 1991 | 1796877 |
| comparative determination of plasmodium falciparum sporozoite rates in afrotropical anopheles from kenya by dissection and elisa. | the plasmodium falciparum rate was determined by microscopical examination of one salivary gland (three lobes) and by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) of the other salivary gland in each of 1580 anopheles mosquitoes collected from western kenya during both the wet and dry seasons. the sporozoite rate in the wet season was much higher than that in the dry season, and the sporozoite rate determined by elisa was generally lower than that determined by microscopy. the elisa gave a positive ... | 1991 | 1796878 |
| a further polymorphism of the gd locus for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase present among blacks (nigerians) and apparently absent among caucasoids: the quantitative isoelectrophoretic variation of the gd+ allele. | a structural but isoelectrophoretic moderate variation of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (g6pd) activity is common among nigerians (a black population exposed to a long-lasting intense plasmodium falciparum malarial endemia). it had never even been searched for among caucasoids and mongoloids. in the present work, we attempted to ascertain whether this polymorphism exists among caucasoids. with this purpose, two caucasoid male populations were studied: sardinians and romans, who respectively ... | 1991 | 1797629 |
| microlevel epidemiological variations in malaria & its implications on control strategy. | microlevel epidemiological variations in designing malaria control strategies were studied. quantitative and qualitative variations were observed between two physiographic zones and between four different ecotypes within the zones of the koraput district. while the peak transmission occurred in rainy season in the 600 m plateau (jeypore zone), the same was observed in cold season in 150 m plateau (malkangiri zone). the age specific parasite prevalence indicated a high degree of transmission and ... | 1991 | 1797647 |
| towards a malaria vaccine: what is in sight? | | 1991 | 1799171 |
| cytotoxic and antimalarial constituents of the roots of eurycoma longifolia. | by bioactivity-directed fractionation, five cytotoxic constituents have been characterized from the roots of eurycoma longifolia collected in kalimantan, indonesia. four canthin-6-one alkaloids, namely, 9-methoxycanthin-6-one, 9-methoxycanthin-6-one-n-oxide, 9-hydroxycanthin-6-one, and 9-hydroxycanthin-6-one-n-oxide, and one quassinoid, eurycomanone, were found to be cytotoxic principles. each of these compounds was evaluated against a panel of cell lines comprising a number of human cancer cell ... | 1991 | 1800638 |
| the metabolic effects of quinine in children with severe and complicated plasmodium falciparum malaria in dar es salaam. | quinine is widely used for the treatment of severe and complicated malaria, although resistant strains of plasmodium falciparum may occur. the drug has been incriminated as a cause of hypoglycaemia in some malaria patients. to determine if quinine has untoward metabolic effects during treatment of severe and complicated malaria we have studied the effects of quinine on blood glucose and intermediary metabolites, serum insulin, c-peptide, plasma glucagon and non-esterified fatty acids in 97 child ... | 1991 | 1801331 |
| reversal of chloroquine resistance of 'wild' isolates of plasmodium falciparum by desipramine. | | 1991 | 1801334 |
| bromo-deoxyuridine is not incorporated into dna of malaria parasites. | | 1991 | 1801336 |
| prolonged infection with plasmodium falciparum in a semi-immune patient. | | 1991 | 1801338 |
| [detection of plasmodium falciparum infection in humans by (dig)-dna probe]. | in this study, we used digoxigenin, (dig)-11-dutp, in the genius kit purchased from boehringer mannheim to label the plasmodium falciparum (p.f.) dna fragment by random primed labelling method. the p. falciparum dna fragment was isolated from the recombinant clone ppf14 by enzyme digestion and agarose electrophoresis. this probe is designated ppf14-f-dig. purified p.f. dna and blood samples from malaria patients in hainan province of china were detected by the probe in dot-blot hybridization. th ... | 1991 | 1802456 |
| the native form of the plasmodium falciparum pf68 neutral proteinase is a 105,000-da polypeptide. | | 1991 | 1805219 |
| recognition signals for phagocytic removal of favic, malaria-infected and sickled erythrocytes. | | 1991 | 1805595 |
| [results of a systematic search for plasmodium in internal medicine in gabon]. | among 158 adults hospitalized at the university hospital of libreville who did not receive any treatment against malaria before blood screening, 20 were carriers of malaria parasites. plasmodium falciparum was seen in 19 cases with a parasitic density lower than 1,000 trophozoits/mm3 of blood in 18 cases. the most important prevalence was observed into the group of older people. in most cases symptoms related to malaria did not occur during the hospitalization. we conclude that, in such patients ... | 1991 | 1807847 |
| chloroquine resistant p. falciparum malaria in arunachal pradesh. | | 1991 | 1810749 |
| falciparum malaria fully cleared by amodiaquine, pyrimethamine-sulfadoxine and pyrimethamine-sulfalene in areas of chloroquine resistance in dodoma, tanzania. | the in vivo response of plasmodium falciparum to chloroquine, amodiaquine, pyrimethamine-sulfalene (metakelfinr) and pyrimethamine-sulfadoxine (fansidarr) was assessed in dodoma in 1988. asymptomatic schoolchildren with pure p. falciparum infection were given full curative doses of one of the above antimalarials. daily parasitological follow-ups were made for seven days. overall successful follow-up cases were 101, 108, 95 and 97 on chloroquine, amodiaquine, metakelfinr and fansidarr respectivel ... | 1991 | 1812599 |
| an original method for rapid serial determination of phospholipid biosynthesis. applications to mammalian lymphocytic cells and a lower eucaryote, plasmodium falciparum. | a rapid, convenient, and efficient method is presented to measure phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, and phosphatidylinositol biosynthesis from [3h]choline, [3h]ethanolamine, and [3h]inositol, respectively. after incubation of the cells in 96-multi-well dishes with the appropriate radioactive precursor, cells were lysed with water and the water-insoluble materials, particularly cellular membranes which contain the bulk of phospholipids, were serially collected on glass-fiber papers u ... | 1991 | 1812785 |
| quinine: the rediscovered anti-malarial agent. | this work summarises the clinical pharmacology of quinine, a cinchona alkaloid, whose use in chloroquine resistant plasmodium falciparum malaria is of great value considering the staggering effects the infection and its morbidity have upon social and economic development of malaria endemic areas of the world. quinine is very effective and consistent in the treatment of falciparum malaria at all grades of severity. the effectiveness of quinine in severe malaria can be maintained and the possibili ... | 1991 | 1813128 |
| malaria worsening in many areas. | | 1991 | 1813133 |
| synthesis and study of antiprotozoal activity of some 5-nitrothiophene aldimines. | this paper reports on the synthesis and the antiparasitical activity of some 5-nitrothiophene aldimines variously substituted on aniline nucleus. the influence of substituents on the activity of the prepared compounds is discussed. | 1991 | 1815581 |
| chloroquine resistant plasmodium falciparum malaria in rajasthan. | chloroquine resistance in plasmodium falciparum (pf) malaria in four districts of rajasthan, viz dungarpur, banswara, udaipur and kota, is reported. in vivo sensitivity of pf to chloroquine base 25 mg/kg/body weight over three days was evaluated as per standard who method. a total of 3112 blood smears were collected and examined; 279 cases were selected but only 98 completed the study. twenty four per cent of cases were sensitive, and 54% resistant at ri, 4% at rii and 9% at riii levels. eight p ... | 1991 | 1816220 |
| malaria antigens expressed on the surface of infected hepatocytes: a role in protective immunity? | | 1991 | 1817294 |
| the adhesion of malaria merozoite proteins to erythrocytes: a reflection of function? | | 1991 | 1817296 |
| plasmodium falciparum cytoadherence. | | 1991 | 1817298 |
| 566c80, an antimalarial hydroxynaphthoquinone with broad spectrum: experimental activity against opportunistic parasitic infections of aids patients. | hydroxynaphthoquinone 566c80 was synthesised and initially developed as an antimalarial with potent activity against drug-resistant strains of the human malaria parasite, plasmodium falciparum. subsequent studies have revealed that in addition, this compound has experimental activity, both in vitro and in vivo, against pneumocystis carinii and toxoplasma gondii; the data obtained thus far for cryptosporidium parvum are equivocal. currently 566c80 is being assessed clinically not only against mal ... | 1991 | 1818143 |
| amplification of a cryptosporidium parvum gene fragment encoding thymidylate synthase. | currently, there is no effective therapy for cryptosporidiosis and it is unclear why antifolate drugs which are effective treatments for infections caused by closely related parasites are not also effective against cryptosporidium parvum. in protozoa, the target of these drugs, dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr), exists as a bifunctional enzyme also manifesting thymidylate synthase (ts) activity and is encoded by a fused dhfr-ts gene. in order to prepare a probe to isolate the c. parvum dhfr-ts gene ... | 1991 | 1818199 |
| a new phloroglucinol derivative from hypericum calycinum with antifungal and in vitro antimalarial activity. | the new phloroglucinol derivative 1 has been isolated from the light petroleum ether extract of the aerial parts of hypericum calycinum. its structure has been established by means of 1h- and 13c-nmr spectroscopy and by noe, mhqc, and hmbc experiments on its monomethyl ether derivative 3. compound 1 was fungicidal against cladosporium cucumerinum in a tlc bioassay. in addition, this new phloroglucinol derivative was also found to exert an interesting antimalarial activity in an in vitro test sys ... | 1991 | 1818346 |
| [congenital malaria: clinical, parasitological and histological considerations. apropos of 200 observations collected at the lomé university teaching hospital and kpalimé hospital]. | an evaluation was conducted of the usefulness of clinical, parasitological and histological parameters for the diagnosis of neonatal pathology due to congenital malaria. haematozoa detected were invariably plasmodium falciparum. their presence in the placenta was considered essential to confirm congenital infection, but needed always to be accompanied by a positive diagnose of the same species in the mother, villous vessels, umbilical cord and peripheral blood of the newborn child. none of these ... | 1991 | 1819393 |
| [the transplacental transport of plasmodium falciparum in non-febrile parturient women in a holoendemic region]. | plasmodium falciparum parasitaemia measure, placenta print on microscope slide, immunofluorescence titration of plasmodium antibodies and electrophoresis of haemoglobin were performed in 53 mothers and their child who did not shown any clinical signs of malaria. 51% from the mothers presented a patent parasitaemia associated with a high density of schizonts on uterine villi surface. parasite density in children's blood was low and there was no correlation between mother's parasitaemia or placent ... | 1991 | 1819394 |
| [malaria of the pregnant woman and the newborn]. | a 25 year-old primigravid woman developed chronic falciparum malaria at 23 weeks' gestation. diagnosis was suspected on splenomegaly and haemolytic anaemia but without fever and confirmed by thin smears (plasmodium falciparum) and serologic tests. she was successfully cured with chloroquine therapy. one week after her return from cameroon, a 28 year-old woman was seen for malaria at 32 weeks' gestation. in spite of chloroquine therapy, foetal troubles appeared and a caesarean was performed. the ... | 1991 | 1819395 |
| [interest in placental apposition as an epidemiological marker for malaria]. | three studies about relation between pregnancy and malaria have been conducted in car. the comparative study between plasmodic indexes (pi) et placental appositions (pap) had shown that pap offers biggest sensibility in the diagnosis of malaria infection (37.1% for pap versus 17.1% for pi). the comparison of the pap with placental anatomopathological study (pan) revealed the same sensibility of both technics but the pap's realization is very easy, at the opposite pan's realization is long and re ... | 1991 | 1819396 |
| [tumor necrosis factor during the course of neuromalaria: new therapeutic perspectives]. | malaria remains one of the major public health problem in tropical and subtropical world. malaria pathogeny depends partly on parasite multiplication and partly on some elements of the immunological response. it has recently become evident that one of these elements, tumor necrosis factor (tnf), is directly implicated in the pathogenesis of cerebral malaria. tnf increase cytoadherence of infected erythrocytes to the brain microvascular endothelium. in a study involving african children with cere ... | 1991 | 1819397 |
| [the synthesis of the epidemiology and treatment of malaria of the pregnant woman and the infant in subsaharan africa]. | this article summarizes informations regarding epidemiology, prophylaxis and treatment of plasmodium falciparum malaria in pregnant women and children in subsaharian africa. the authors recommend a regular antimalarial chemoprophylaxis using chloroquine and proguanil for pregnant women and particularly for primigravidae as they constitute a group at risk and considering the consequential effects on foetus. precautions such as bed nets to avoid bites by infected mosquitoes are important. chloroqu ... | 1991 | 1819398 |
| detection of plasmodium falciparum: a comparison of six cloned dna probes. | probes prephind, rep20, p242b1-1, ppf-14, clone 26 and 34 were compared for their applicability to detect p. falciparum in field conditions. ninety four clinical samples from patients living in the malaria endemic area of tumaco (pacific coast) plus 88 from villavicencio (eastern plains) were tested in "dotblot" hybridization experiments. probes rep20, p242b1-1, prephind and ppf-14 detected up to 17 pg of purified p. falciparum dna, while clone 26 and clone 34 detected up to 425 pg dna. probes p ... | 1991 | 1819992 |
| malaria surveillance among the displaced karen population in thailand april 1984 to february 1989, mae sot, thailand. | right from the arrival of the displaced karen people in thailand, médecins sans frontières (msf) identified malaria as the top priority problem. a program of patient care based on the coupled laboratory/dispensary was set up in april 1984. immediately a system of surveillance of morbidity and mortality from malaria was set up. this study consisted of analysing data gathered over a period of five years. during this time, the displaced population increased from 9,000 to 20,000. analysis of the tre ... | 1991 | 1820635 |
| a simple technique for large scale in vitro culture of plasmodium falciparum. | the large scale in vitro cultivation method of fairlamb et al (1985) was modified to contain human plasma-supplemented medium in hepes buffer. after 4 days with no change of medium nor agitation of the culture flask, 27- to 50-fold increase in the starting parasitemia of trophozoites were obtained. | 1991 | 1820642 |
| conserved polypeptides of plasmodium falciparum as malaria vaccine candidates? | | 1991 | 1820697 |
| the pfmdr gene homologues of plasmodium falciparum. | chloroquine resistance in plasmodium falciparum bears a striking similarity to the multi-drug resistance (mdr) phenotype of mammalian tumour cells which is mediated by p-glycoprotein. p. falciparum has two mdr-like genes (pfmdr 1 and pfmdr 2) and pfmdr 1 has been linked to the chloroquine resistance phenotype. we show that pfmdr 1 encodes a protein of 160,000 daltons that is expressed at higher levels in a chloroquine resistant cloned isolate. the pfmdr 2 gene is located on chromosome 14 and it ... | 1991 | 1820699 |
| genetic relatedness between different clones from a single plasmodium falciparum isolate. | | 1991 | 1820701 |
| is plasmodium falciparum aldolase useful for rational drug design? | p. falciparum lacks a functional citric acid cycle. unlike most tissues of the mammalian host, it is totally dependent on glycolysis for energy generation. a compound which selectively inhibits the parasite's atp-generating machinery is therefore a potential antimalarial agent. such a drug may interact in two ways: a) by inhibiting the activity of an enzyme or b) by disturbing the micro-organization of consecutive enzymes in a metabolic pathway. in mammalian tissues the glycolytic pathway involv ... | 1991 | 1820702 |
| the value of isolating and studying temperature sensitive mutants of plasmodium falciparum. | | 1991 | 1820707 |
| a live attenuated malaria vaccine: science or fiction? | | 1991 | 1820708 |
| antigenic diversity in plasmodium falciparum. | there are several mechanisms responsible for the extensive antigenic diversity found in the asexual blood stages of plasmodium falciparum. failure to express antigens is a feature of many isolates cultured in vitro but probably is not a major cause of antigenic diversity in vivo. numerous point mutations occur in allelic forms of asexual blood stage antigens and are assumed to contribute to antigenic diversity but as yet few such mutations have been mapped to antigenic epitopes. a major cause of ... | 1991 | 1820715 |
| conservation and divergence of repeated structures in plasmodium genomes: the molecular drift. | the rapid divergence of tandemly repeated families among plasmodium species is in striking contrast with the extraordinary fidelity of the repeat copies present in a given genome. close examination of the arrays of tandem repeats reveals an unsuspected regularity in the distribution of base substitutions, and clear relations between sets of repeats of different length, often coexisting in the same repeated region. the regular distribution of defects in the linear lattice gives rise to a hierarch ... | 1991 | 1820716 |
| selection of genetic variants from plasmodium clones. | clones of plasmodium alter their antigenic profile or invasion phenotype when presented with specific challenges. two examples are reviewed which may represent different genetic mechanisms of adaptation to selection pressures. in one series of experiments, rhesus monkeys were vaccinated with a 143,000/140,000 mr p. knowlesi merozoite surface protein and then infected with a parasite clone expressing this protein. primary parasitemia was controlled, but subsequent waves of parasitemia developed f ... | 1991 | 1820719 |
| specific interactions of synthetic peptides derived from p. falciparum merozoite proteins with human red blood cells. | in the search for strategies which might help in the elucidation of molecular mechanisms involved in the red blood cell (rbc) invasion by p. falciparum merozoites, and with the specific aim of establishing whether synthetic peptides derived from selected parasite proteins bind to human rbcs, 26 different peptides were chemically synthesized and radiolabeled. it was found that the peptides could be grouped, according to their rbc-binding kinetics, into high, medium and low binding activity. a cor ... | 1991 | 1821167 |