| a small molecule species specifically inhibits fusarium myosin i. | fusarium head blight (fhb) caused by fusarium graminearum is a devastating disease of cereal crops worldwide. recently, a novel fungicide js399-19 has been launched into the marketplace to manage fhb. it is compelling that js399-19 shows highly inhibitory activity towards some fusarium species, but not to other fungi, indicating that it is an environmentally compatible fungicide. to explore the mode of action of this species-specific compound, we conducted a whole-genome transcript profiling tog ... | 2015 | 25404531 |
| new tricks of an old enemy: isolates of fusarium graminearum produce a type a trichothecene mycotoxin. | the ubiquitous filamentous fungus fusarium graminearum causes the important disease fusarium head blight on various species of cereals, leading to contamination of grains with mycotoxins. in a survey of f. graminearum (sensu stricto) on wheat in north america several novel strains were isolated, which produced none of the known trichothecene mycotoxins despite causing normal disease symptoms. in rice cultures, a new trichothecene mycotoxin (named nx-2) was characterized by liquid chromatography- ... | 2015 | 25403493 |
| development and application of loop-mediated isothermal amplification for detection of the f167y mutation of carbendazim-resistant isolates in fusarium graminearum. | resistance of fusarium graminearum to carbendazim is caused by point mutations in the β2-tubulin gene. the point mutation at codon 167 (ttt → tat, f167y) occurs in more than 90% of field resistant isolates in china. to establish a suitable method for rapid detection of the f167y mutation in f. graminearum, an efficient and simple method with high specificity was developed based on loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp). a set of four primers was designed and optimized to specially disting ... | 2014 | 25403277 |
| the xylanase inhibitor taxi-iii counteracts the necrotic activity of a fusarium graminearum xylanase in vitro and in durum wheat transgenic plants. | the xylanase inhibitor taxi-iii has been proven to delay fusarium head blight (fhb) symptoms caused by fusarium graminearum in transgenic durum wheat plants. to elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying the capacity of the taxi-iii transgenic plants to limit fhb symptoms, we treated wheat tissues with the xylanase fgsg_03624, hitherto shown to induce cell death and hydrogen peroxide accumulation. experiments performed on lemmas of flowering wheat spikes and wheat cell suspension cultures demo ... | 2015 | 25346411 |
| fusarium graminearum isolates from wheat and maize in new york show similar range of aggressiveness and toxigenicity in cross-species pathogenicity tests. | this study aimed to assess whether pathogenic fusarium graminearum isolates from wheat and maize were more aggressive on their host of origin and whether aggressiveness was influenced further by b-trichothecene chemotype. fifteen isolates were selected from a contemporary collection of isolates surveyed in new york in 2011 to 2012 to represent diversity of host of origin and chemotype. three pathogenicity assays were used to evaluate and compare these isolates. fusarium head blight (fhb) severit ... | 2015 | 25338173 |
| the fusarium graminearum genome reveals more secondary metabolite gene clusters and hints of horizontal gene transfer. | fungal secondary metabolite biosynthesis genes are of major interest due to the pharmacological properties of their products (like mycotoxins and antibiotics). the genome of the plant pathogenic fungus fusarium graminearum codes for a large number of candidate enzymes involved in secondary metabolite biosynthesis. however, the chemical nature of most enzymatic products of proteins encoded by putative secondary metabolism biosynthetic genes is largely unknown. based on our analysis we present 67 ... | 2014 | 25333987 |
| effect of ozone treatment on deoxynivalenol and quality evaluation of ozonised wheat. | deoxynivalenol (don) is the secondary metabolite of fusarium graminearum, which is always found in fusarium head blight of wheat. in this study, gaseous ozone was used to treat both don solution and scabbed wheat to investigate the effectiveness of ozone treatment on don degradation and the effect of ozone on the quality parameters of wheat. it was found that gaseous ozone had a significant effect on don reduction in solution, when 10 mg l(-1) gaseous ozone was used to treat a 1 μg ml(-1) of don ... | 2015 | 25325346 |
| the complete mitogenome of fusarium gerlachii. | the structure of the fusarium gerlachii mitogenome is similar to that of closely related fusarium graminearum; it has a total length of 93,428 bp, the base composition of the genome is: a (35.3%), t (32.8%), c (14.7%) and g (17.2%). the mitogenome contains 13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal rna (rrna) and 28 transfer rna (trna) genes. the trna genes range in size from 62 bp to 88 bp. the gene order is identical to that of the other fusarium mitogenomes. | 2016 | 25319291 |
| quantifying the effects of fusarium head blight on grain yield and test weight in soft red winter wheat. | fusarium head blight (fhb), caused by the fungus fusarium graminearum, is known to negatively affect wheat grain yield (yld) and test weight (tw). however, very little emphasis has been placed on formally quantifying fhb-yld and fhb-tw relationships. field plots of three soft red winter wheat cultivars-'cooper' (susceptible to fhb), 'hopewell' (susceptible), and 'truman' (moderately resistant)-were grown during the 2009, 2010, 2011, and 2012 seasons, and spray inoculated with spore suspensions o ... | 2015 | 25317842 |
| temporal dynamics and population genetic structure of fusarium graminearum in the upper midwestern united states. | fusarium graminearum sensu stricto causes fusarium head blight (fhb) in wheat and barley, and contaminates grains with several trichothecene mycotoxins, causing destructive yield losses and economic impact in the united states. recently, a f. graminearum strain collected from minnesota (mn) was determined to produce a novel trichothecene toxin, called nx-2. in order to determine the spatial and temporal dynamics of nx-2 producing strains in mn, north dakota (nd) and south dakota (sd), a total of ... | 2014 | 25312860 |
| a putative transcription factor pcs1 positively regulates both conidiation and sexual reproduction in the cereal pathogen fusarium graminearum. | the plant pathogen fusarium graminearum causes fusarium head blight in cereal crops and produces mycotoxins that are harmful to animals and humans. for the initiation and spread of disease, asexual and sexual reproduction is required. therefore, studies on fungal reproduction contribute to the development of new methods to control and maintain the fungal population. screening a previously generated transcription factor mutant collection, we identified one putative c2h2 zinc-finger transcription ... | 2014 | 25289009 |
| comparison of trichothecene biosynthetic gene expression between fusarium graminearum and fusarium asiaticum. | nivalenol (niv) and deoxynivalenol (don) are predominant fusarium-producing mycotoxins found in grains, which are mainly produced by fusarium asiaticum and f. graminearum. niv is found in most of cereals grown in korea, but the genetic basis for niv production by f. asiaticum has not been extensively explored. in this study, 12 genes belonging to the trichothecene biosynthetic gene cluster were compared at the transcriptional level between two niv-producing f. asiaticum and four don-producing f. ... | 2014 | 25288983 |
| a simple method for the assessment of fusarium head blight resistance in korean wheat seedlings inoculated with fusarium graminearum. | fusarium head blight (fhb; scab) caused mainly by fusarium graminearum is a devastating disease of wheat and barley around the world. fhb causes yield reductions and contamination of grain with trichothecene mycotoxins such as deoxynivalenol (don) which are a major health concern for humans and animals. the objective of this research was to develop an easy seed or seedling inoculation assay, and to compare these assays with whole plant resistance of twenty-nine korean winter wheat cultivars to f ... | 2014 | 25288982 |
| reduced susceptibility to fusarium head blight in brachypodium distachyon through priming with the fusarium mycotoxin deoxynivalenol. | the fungal cereal pathogen fusarium graminearum produces deoxynivalenol (don) during infection. the mycotoxin don is associated with fusarium head blight (fhb), a disease that can cause vast grain losses. whilst investigating the suitability of brachypodium distachyon as a model for spreading resistance to f. graminearum, we unexpectedly discovered that don pretreatment of spikelets could reduce susceptibility to fhb in this model grass. we started to analyse the cell wall changes in spikelets a ... | 2015 | 25202860 |
| fusarium head blight development and deoxynivalenol accumulation in wheat as influenced by post-anthesis moisture patterns. | mist chamber experiments were conducted to quantify and model the effects of post-anthesis moisture on fusarium head blight (fhb) index (ind) and deoxynivalenol (don). four mist treatments, one daily and three intermittent, were applied during an 8-day window immediately after anthesis, plus an untreated check. all intermittent mist treatments received moisture on 4 of the 8 days, but the distribution of the supplemental moisture during the treatment window varied among the treatments. separate ... | 2015 | 25163011 |
| proteomic analysis of fusarium graminearum treated by the fungicide js399-19. | js399-19 (2-cyano-3-amino-3-phenylancryic acetate), a novel cyanoacrylate fungicide, has powerful inhibition against fusarium species, especially to fusarium graminearum. treated with js399-19, mycelium of f. graminearum was distorted and swelled. the embranchment increased. in order to investigate the effect of js399-19 on protein expression of f. graminearum, total protein of f. graminearum cultured in normal condition and that treated with 0.5 μg/ml (ec90 value) js399-19 were extracted respec ... | 2013 | 25149240 |
| regional and field-specific factors affect the composition of fusarium head blight pathogens in subtropical no-till wheat agroecosystem of brazil. | a multiyear survey of >200 wheat fields in paraná (pr) and rio grande do sul (rs) states was conducted to assess the extent and distribution of fusarium graminearum species complex (fgsc) diversity in the southern brazilian wheat agroecosystem. five species and three trichothecene genotypes were found among 671 fgsc isolates from fusarium head blight (fhb)-infected wheat heads: f. graminearum (83%) of the 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol (15-adon) genotype, f. meridionale (12.8%) and f. asiaticum (0.4%) ... | 2015 | 25121641 |
| genetic relationships, carbendazim sensitivity and mycotoxin production of the fusarium graminearum populations from maize, wheat and rice in eastern china. | members of the fusarium graminearum species complex (fgsc) are important pathogens on wheat, maize, barley, and rice in china. harvested grains are often contaminated by mycotoxins, such as the trichothecene nivalenol (niv) and deoxynivalenol (don) and the estrogenic mycotoxin zearalenone (zen), which is a big threat to humans and animals. in this study, 97 isolates were collected from maize, wheat, and rice in jiangsu and anhui provinces in 2013 and characterized by species- and chemotype-speci ... | 2014 | 25093387 |
| metabolomics deciphers the host resistance mechanisms in wheat cultivar sumai-3, against trichothecene producing and non-producing isolates of fusarium graminearum. | fusarium head blight (fhb) of wheat, caused by fusarium graminearum, reduces grain yield and contaminates grains with trichothecene mycotoxins. host resistance to fhb is quantitatively inherited and more than 100 qtls have been mapped, but the host resistance mechanisms are poorly understood. non-targeted metabolic profiling was applied to elucidate the host resistance mechanisms to fhb spread through rachis of wheat cultivar sumai-3 against both trichothecene producing and non-producing isolate ... | 2014 | 25084325 |
| a novel stable isotope labelling assisted workflow for improved untargeted lc-hrms based metabolomics research. | many untargeted lc-esi-hrms based metabolomics studies are still hampered by the large proportion of non-biological sample derived signals included in the generated raw data. here, a novel, powerful stable isotope labelling (sil)-based metabolomics workflow is presented, which facilitates global metabolome extraction, improved metabolite annotation and metabolome wide internal standardisation (is). the general concept is exemplified with two different cultivation variants, (1) co-cultivation of ... | 2014 | 25057268 |
| fgskn7 and fgatf1 have overlapping functions in ascosporogenesis, pathogenesis and stress responses in fusarium graminearum. | fusarium head blight caused by fusarium graminearum is one of the most destructive diseases of wheat and barley. deoxynivalenol (don) produced by the pathogen is an important mycotoxins and virulence factor. because oxidative burst is a common defense response and reactive oxygen species (ros) induces don production, in this study, we characterized functional relationships of three stress-related transcription factor genes fgap1, fgatf1 and fgskn7. although all of them played a role in tolerance ... | 2015 | 25040476 |
| phytochemical profile and antimicrobial properties of lotus spp. (fabaceae). | the phytochemical profile and antimicrobial activity of cultivar (cv.) extracts of lotus uliginosus (cvs. trojan and serrano), l. tenuis (cv. larrañaga) and l. corniculatus (cv. são gabriel) were investigated. the phytochemical analysis revealed tannins, coumarins and flavonoids in all extracts, with variations among cultivars, showing genotypic variability. by high performance liquid chromatographic method, the cvs. larrañaga and são gabriel showed the highest percentage of catechin and epicate ... | 2014 | 25014916 |
| fusarium graminearum pks14 is involved in orsellinic acid and orcinol synthesis. | the available genome sequences show that the number of secondary metabolite genes in filamentous fungi vastly exceeds the number of known products. this is also true for the global plant pathogenic fungus fusarium graminearum, which contains 15 polyketide synthase (pks) genes, of which only 6 have been linked to products. to help remedy this, we focused on pks14, which has only been shown to be expressed during plant infections or when cultivated on rice or corn meal (rm) based media. to enhance ... | 2014 | 25011010 |
| variations for fusarium head blight resistance associated with genomic diversity in different sources of the resistant wheat cultivar 'sumai 3'. | fusarium head blight (fhb), caused by fusarium graminearum, is a serious disease of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) associated with contamination by the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (don). the fhb-resistant wheat cultivar 'sumai 3' has been used extensively around the world. the existence of variation in fhb resistance among 'sumai 3' accessions has been discussed. in this study, genetic variation among 'sumai 3' accessions collected from six countries were identified using ssr markers; our results dem ... | 2014 | 24987294 |
| identification and differential induction of abcg transporter genes in wheat cultivars challenged by a deoxynivalenol-producing fusarium graminearum strain. | fusarium head blight (fhb), predominantly caused by fusarium graminearum, is a devastating disease that poses a serious threat to wheat (triticum aestivum l.) production worldwide. a suppression subtractive hybridization cdna library was constructed from f. graminearum infected spikes of a resistant belgian winter wheat, centenaire, exhibiting type ii resistance to fhb in order to identify differentially expressed members of full-size abcg family. members of the abcg family are pleiotropic drug ... | 2014 | 24973883 |
| automated lc-hrms(/ms) approach for the annotation of fragment ions derived from stable isotope labeling-assisted untargeted metabolomics. | structure elucidation of biological compounds is still a major bottleneck of untargeted lc-hrms approaches in metabolomics research. the aim of the present study was to combine stable isotope labeling and tandem mass spectrometry for the automated interpretation of the elemental composition of fragment ions and thereby facilitate the structural characterization of metabolites. the software tool fragextract was developed and evaluated with lc-hrms/ms spectra of both native (12)c- and uniformly (1 ... | 2014 | 24965664 |
| a comparison of transcriptional patterns and mycological phenotypes following infection of fusarium graminearum by four mycoviruses. | many fungi-infecting viruses, which are termed mycoviruses, have been identified, and most do not cause any visible symptoms. some mycoviruses, however, can attenuate the virulence of the infected fungi, a phenomenon referred to as hypovirulence. to study fungus responses to virus infection, we established a model system composed of fusarium graminearum and four mycoviruses including fgv1 (fusarium graminearum virus 1), fgv2, fgv3, and fgv4. fgv1 and fgv2 infections caused several phenotypic alt ... | 2014 | 24964178 |
| transcriptome profiling of wheat differentially expressed genes exposed to different chemotypes of fusarium graminearum. | the study is an overview of the behavior of the wheat transcriptome to the fusarium graminearum fungus using two different chemotypes. the transcriptome profiles of seven putative differentially expressed defense-related genes were identified by ssh and further examined using qpcr. fusarium head blight (fhb) of wheat (triticum aestivum l.), caused by several species of the fungus fusarium, is important in all wheat growing regions worldwide. the most dominant species in canada is fusarium gramin ... | 2014 | 24893796 |
| screening and monitoring zearalenone-producing fusarium species by pcr and zearalenone by monoclonal antibodies in feed from china. | screening of zearalenone (zen)-producing species and monitoring of zen in feed were performed by using anti-zearalenone monoclonal antibodies. elisa recoveries of zen from corn distillers dried grains with solubles (ddgs) feed, corn feed, rice bran, soybean meal, wheat bran and rapeseed dregs were between 78.6% and 88.6%. zen recovery from culture media was 96.3% at the spiked level of 500 µg/kg. eighty-three samples of ddgs feed, corn feed and other fee ingredients were collected from 11 provin ... | 2014 | 24867386 |
| enzymatic cocktails produced by fusarium graminearum under submerged fermentation using different lignocellulosic biomasses. | fusarium graminearum was grown on four lignocellulosic substrates (corn cobs, wheat bran, hop cell walls, and birchwood) and glucose as the sole carbon source. proteomic studies performed on the resulting enzymatic cocktails highlighted a great diversity in the number and type of proteins secreted. the cell wall-degrading enzymes (cwde) proportion varied greatly from 20% to 69%. only one of the 57 cwdes detected in this study was common to the five proteomes. in contrast, 35 cwdes were specific ... | 2014 | 24828340 |
| resistance of callose synthase activity to free fatty acid inhibition as an indicator of fusarium head blight resistance in wheat. | the fungal pathogen fusarium graminearum is the causal agent of fusarium head blight (fhb); a devastating crop disease resulting in heavy yield losses and grain contamination with mycotoxins. we recently showed that the secreted lipase fgl1, a virulence factor of f. graminearum, targets plant defense-related callose biosynthesis during wheat head infection. this effector-like function is based on a fgl1-mediated release of polyunsaturated free fatty acids (ffa) that can inhibit callose synthase ... | 2014 | 24781155 |
| fusarium graminearum possesses virulence factors common to fusarium head blight of wheat and seedling rot of soybean but differing in their impact on disease severity. | fusarium graminearum is a toxigenic fungal pathogen that causes fusarium head blight (fhb) and crown rot on cereal crops worldwide. this fungus also causes damping-off and crown and root rots at the early stage of crop development in soybean cultivated in north and south america. several f. graminearum genes were investigated for their contribution to fhb in cereals but no inherent study is reported for the dicotyledonous soybean host. in this study we determined the disease severity on soybean ... | 2014 | 24779355 |
| components of priming-induced resistance to fusarium head blight in wheat revealed by two distinct mutants of fusarium graminearum. | two mutants (tri6δ and noxabδ) of the fungal pathogen fusarium graminearum were assessed for their ability to prime immune responses in wheat (cv. roblin) against challenge with pathogenic f. graminearum. priming treatments generated fusarium head blight (fhb)-resistant wheat phenotypes and reduced the accumulation of fungal mycotoxins in infected tissues. microarray analysis identified 260 transcripts that were differentially expressed during the priming period. expression changes were observed ... | 2014 | 24751103 |
| genome sequence of fusarium graminearum isolate cs3005. | fusarium graminearum is one of the most important fungal pathogens of wheat, barley, and maize worldwide. this announcement reports the genome sequence of a highly virulent australian isolate of this species to supplement the existing genome of the north american f. graminearum isolate ph1. | 2014 | 24744326 |
| systemic growth of f. graminearum in wheat plants and related accumulation of deoxynivalenol. | fusarium head blight (fhb) is an important disease of wheat worldwide caused mainly by fusarium graminearum (syn. gibberella zeae). this fungus can be highly aggressive and can produce several mycotoxins such as deoxynivalenol (don), a well known harmful metabolite for humans, animals, and plants. the fungus can survive overwinter on wheat residues and on the soil, and can usually attack the wheat plant at their point of flowering, being able to infect the heads and to contaminate the kernels at ... | 2014 | 24727554 |
| trichothecene genotypes and production profiles of fusarium graminearum isolates obtained from barley cultivated in argentina. | fusarium graminearum is one of the most important pathogens isolated from small cereal grains with fusarium head blight symptoms. the presence of this fungus is often linked to the occurrence of several mycotoxins in barley and wheat. the aim of our study was to characterize trichothecene genotypes and production profiles of f. graminearum sensu stricto isolates obtained from barley grains in argentina. a total of 110 f. graminearum s.s. isolates were analyzed by pcr assays to predict deoxynival ... | 2014 | 24727383 |
| myt3, a myb-like transcription factor, affects fungal development and pathogenicity of fusarium graminearum. | we previously characterized members of the myb protein family, myt1 and myt2, in fusarium graminearum. myt1 and myt2 are involved in female fertility and perithecium size, respectively. to expand knowledge of myb proteins in f. graminearum, in this study, we characterized the functions of the myt3 gene, which encodes a putative myb-like transcription factor containing two myb dna-binding domains and is conserved in the subphylum pezizomycotina of ascomycota. myt3 proteins were localized in nucle ... | 2014 | 24722578 |
| [fusarium graminearum presence in wheat samples for human consumption]. | one of the most important diseases in cereal crops is fusarium head blight, being fusarium graminearum the main etiological agent. this fungus has the ability to produce a wide spectrum and quantity of toxins, especially deoxynivalenol (don). during the last crop season (2012-2013) the climatic conditions favored fusarium colonization. the objective of this work was to determine the presence of this fungus as well as the don content in 50 wheat grain samples. our results showed that 80% of the s ... | 2015 | 24721273 |
| specific 12α-hydroxylation of grandiflorenic acid by permeabilised fungus fusarium graminearum. | biotransformation of grandiflorenic acid by permeabilised fungus fusarium graminearum to yield its hydroxylation derivative, 12α-hydroxygrandiflorenic acid, was studied. the biotransformed product was isolated by column chromatography and its structure was determined by mass spectrum and nuclear magnetic resonance analysis. grandiflorenic acid was efficiently metabolised by the fungus. after 72 h, the substrate was almost completely converted into the product. | 2014 | 24650196 |
| plant lignans inhibit growth and trichothecene biosynthesis in fusarium graminearum. | lignans are a group of diphenolic compounds with anticancer and antioxidant properties which are present in various grains, although their effect on toxigenic fungi has been poorly examined to date. in this study, the impact of the plant lignans pinoresinol and secoisolariciresinol on growth and trichothecene biosynthesis by five fusarium graminearum strains of different chemotypes was examined in vitro. both tested lignans exhibited radial growth inhibition against the fungal strains. rt-qpcr a ... | 2014 | 24635164 |
| relocation of genes generates non-conserved chromosomal segments in fusarium graminearum that show distinct and co-regulated gene expression patterns. | genome comparisons between closely related species often show non-conserved regions across chromosomes. some of them are located in specific regions of chromosomes and some are even confined to one or more entire chromosomes. the origin and biological relevance of these non-conserved regions are still largely unknown. here we used the genome of fusarium graminearum to elucidate the significance of non-conserved regions. | 2014 | 24625133 |
| the adenylyl cyclase plays a regulatory role in the morphogenetic switch from vegetative to pathogenic lifestyle of fusarium graminearum on wheat. | cyclic 3',5'-adenosine monophosphate (camp) is a nucleotide derived from adenosine triphosphate that acts as a second messenger throughout all kingdoms. intracellular camp levels are synthesized by a membrane-bound protein, the adenylyl cyclase. in order to analyze the function of this gene and the importance of camp in the life cycle of the cereal pathogen fusarium graminearum, the adenylyl cyclase gene (fgsg_01234) was deleted by gene replacement (δfgac1). the δfgac1 mutant displayed a drastic ... | 2014 | 24603887 |
| fusarium head blight control and prevention of mycotoxin contamination in wheat with botanicals and tannic acid. | suspensions or solutions with 1% of chinese galls (galla chinensis, gc) or 1% of tannic acid (ta), inhibited germination of conidia or mycelium growth of fusarium graminearum (fg) by 98%-100% or by 75%-80%, respectively, whereas dried bark from buckthorn (frangula alnus, fa) showed no effect at this concentration. in climate chamber experiments where the wheat variety "apogee" was artificially inoculated with fg and f. crookwellense (fcr) and treated with 5% suspensions of ta, gc and fa, the deo ... | 2014 | 24577585 |
| a new cyclopeptide with antifungal activity from the co-culture broth of two marine mangrove fungi. | a new cyclic tetrapeptide, cyclo-(l-leucyl-trans-4-hydroxy-l-prolyl-d-leucyl-trans-4-hydroxy-l-proline) (1), was isolated from the co-culture broth of two mangrove fungi phomopsis sp. k38 and alternaria sp. e33. the structure of 1 was determined by analysis of spectroscopic data and marfey's analytic method. primary bioassay demonstrated that compound 1 exhibited moderate to high inhibitory activity against four crop-threatening fungi including gaeumannomyces graminis, rhizoctonia cerealis, helm ... | 2014 | 24571709 |
| deoxynivalenol and oxidative stress indicators in winter wheat inoculated with fusarium graminearum. | this study comprises analyses of contents of mycotoxins, such as deoxynivalenol and zearalenone, as well as the level of oxidative stress in ears of a susceptible wheat cultivar hanseat and cv. arina, resistant to a pathogenic fungus fusarium graminearum. starting from 48 h after inoculation, a marked increase was observed in the contents of these mycotoxins in ears of wheat; however, the greatest accumulation was recorded in the late period after inoculation, i.e., during development of disease ... | 2014 | 24514944 |
| effects of temperature and glycerol and methanol-feeding profiles on the production of recombinant galactose oxidase in pichia pastoris. | optimization of protein production from methanol-induced pichia pastoris cultures is necessary to ensure high productivity rates and high yields of recombinant proteins. we investigated the effects of temperature and different linear or exponential methanol-feeding rates on the production of recombinant fusarium graminearum galactose oxidase (ec 1.1.3.9) in a p. pastoris mut(+) strain, under regulation of the aox1 promoter. we found that low exponential methanol feeding led to 1.5-fold higher vo ... | 2017 | 24493559 |
| inhibition of fusarium graminearum growth and mycotoxin production by phenolic extract from spirulina sp. | fusarium graminearum is a fungal species complex pathogenic occurring worldwide, mainly associated with cereal crops. the most important fusarium mycotoxins are fumonisins, zearalenone and trichothecenes. the availability of efficient control measures that are less harmful to both the environment and the consumers is urgent. for such, phenolic acids (pas) from natural sources are known to reduce fungal contaminations. this work aimed to identify the pas present in a culture extract of spirulina ... | 2014 | 24485311 |
| transcription factor rfx1 is crucial for maintenance of genome integrity in fusarium graminearum. | the survival of cellular organisms depends on the faithful replication and transmission of dna. regulatory factor x (rfx) transcription factors are well conserved in animals and fungi, but their functions are diverse, ranging from the dna damage response to ciliary gene regulation. we investigated the role of the sole rfx transcription factor, rfx1, in the plant-pathogenic fungus fusarium graminearum. deletion of rfx1 resulted in multiple defects in hyphal growth, conidiation, virulence, and sex ... | 2014 | 24465002 |
| the camp-pka pathway regulates growth, sexual and asexual differentiation, and pathogenesis in fusarium graminearum. | like many other filamentous ascomycetes, fusarium graminearum contains two genes named cpk1 and cpk2 that encode the catalytic subunits of cyclic amp (camp)-dependent protein kinase a (pka). to determine the role of camp signaling in pathogenesis and development in f. graminearum, we functionally characterized these two genes. in addition, we generated and characterized the cpk1 cpk2 double and fac1 adenylate cyclase gene deletion mutants. the cpk1 mutant was significantly reduced in vegetative ... | 2014 | 24450772 |
| production, characterization, and identification using proteomic tools of a polygalacturonase from fusarium graminearum. | since enzymatic degradation is a mechanism or component of the aggressiveness of a pathogen, enzymatic activities from a fusarium graminearum isolate obtained from infected wheat spikes of argentina pampa region were studied in order to understand the disease progression, tending to help disease control. in particular, the significance of the study of polygalacturonase activity is based on that such activity is produced in the early stages of infection on the host, suggesting a crucial role in t ... | 2014 | 24403124 |
| recent advances in genes involved in secondary metabolite synthesis, hyphal development, energy metabolism and pathogenicity in fusarium graminearum (teleomorph gibberella zeae). | the ascomycete fungus, fusarium graminearum (teleomorph gibberella zeae), is the most common causal agent of fusarium head blight (fhb), a devastating disease for cereal crops worldwide. f. graminearum produces ascospores (sexual spores) and conidia (asexual spores), which can serve as disease inocula of fhb. meanwhile, fusarium-infected grains are often contaminated with mycotoxins such as trichothecenes (tris), fumonisins, and zearalenones, among which tris are related to the pathogenicity of ... | 2014 | 24389085 |
| role of cholecystokinin in anorexia induction following oral exposure to the 8-ketotrichothecenes deoxynivalenol, 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol, 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol, fusarenon x, and nivalenol. | cereal grain contamination by trichothecene mycotoxins is known to negatively impact human and animal health with adverse effects on food intake and growth being of particular concern. the head blight fungus fusarium graminearum elaborates five closely related 8-ketotrichothecene congeners: (1) deoxynivalenol (don), (2) 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol (3-adon), (3) 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol (15-adon), (4) fusarenon x (fx), and (5) nivalenol (niv). while anorexia induction in mice exposed intraperitoneally ... | 2014 | 24385417 |
| durum wheat (triticum durum desf.) lines show different abilities to form masked mycotoxins under greenhouse conditions. | deoxynivalenol (don) is the most prevalent trichothecene in europe and its occurrence is associated with infections of fusarium graminearum and f. culmorum, causal agents of fusarium head blight (fhb) on wheat. resistance to fhb is a complex character and high variability occurs in the relationship between don content and fhb incidence. don conjugation to glucose (don-3-glucoside, d3g) is the primary plant mechanism for resistance towards don accumulation. although this mechanism has been alread ... | 2013 | 24368326 |
| analysis of deoxynivalenol and deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside in hard red spring wheat inoculated with fusarium graminearum. | deoxynivalenol (don) is a mycotoxin affecting wheat quality. the formation of the "masked" mycotoxin deoxinyvalenol-3-glucoside (d3g) results from a defense mechanism the plant uses for detoxification. both mycotoxins are important from a food safety point of view. the aim of this work was to analyze don and d3g content in inoculated near-isogenic wheat lines grown at two locations in minnesota, usa during three different years. regression analysis showed positive correlation between don content ... | 2013 | 24351715 |
| lycorine: a potential broad-spectrum agent against crop pathogenic fungi. | a screening test showed that lycorine exhibited significant antifungal activity against 24 pathogenic crop fungi at concentrations of 500 μg/ml and 100 μg/ml, respectively. fusarium graminearum was selected for antifungal mechanism studies by observing its mycelial morphology and investigating the variations in its conductivity. in addition, the substance absorption and metabolism of f. graminearum were explored. the mechanism was revealed as being one by which lycorine destroyed the cellular me ... | 2014 | 24346469 |
| structural and functional studies of a phosphatidic acid-binding antifungal plant defensin mtdef4: identification of an rgfrrr motif governing fungal cell entry. | mtdef4 is a 47-amino acid cysteine-rich evolutionary conserved defensin from a model legume medicago truncatula. it is an apoplast-localized plant defense protein that inhibits the growth of the ascomycetous fungal pathogen fusarium graminearum in vitro at micromolar concentrations. little is known about the mechanisms by which mtdef4 mediates its antifungal activity. in this study, we show that mtdef4 rapidly permeabilizes fungal plasma membrane and is internalized by the fungal cells where it ... | 2013 | 24324798 |
| glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins in fusarium graminearum: inventory, variability, and virulence. | the contribution of cell surface proteins to plant pathogenicity of fungi is not well understood. as such, the objective of this study was to investigate the functions and importance of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins (gpi-aps) in the wheat pathogen f. graminearum. gpi-aps are surface proteins that are attached to either the membrane or cell wall. in order to simultaneously disrupt several gpi-aps, a phosphoethanolamine transferase-encoding gene gpi7 was deleted and the resultant ... | 2013 | 24312325 |
| the area transcription factor in fusarium graminearum regulates the use of some nonpreferred nitrogen sources and secondary metabolite production. | growth conditions are known to affect the production of secondary metabolites in filamentous fungi. the influence of different nitrogen sources and the transcription factor area on the production of mycotoxins in fusarium graminearum was examined. growth on glutamine or nh4-sources was poor and asparagine was found to be a preferential nitrogen source for f. graminearum. deletion of area led to poor growth on nano₃ suggesting its involvement in regulation of the nitrate reduction process. in add ... | 2013 | 24295920 |
| toxigenic potential of fusarium graminearum isolated from maize of northwest argentina. | twenty six isolates of fusarium graminearum from grains of maize hybrids harvested in ±west argentina were grown on autoclaved rice grain to assess their ability to produce type b trichothecenes. chemical analysis indicated that 38% of isolates were nivalenol (niv) producers only, 31% were major niv producers with high don(deoxynivalenol)/niv ratios, 8% were major don producers with minor niv production, and 23% were don producers only. isolates showed a high variability in their toxigenic poten ... | 2013 | 24294230 |
| molecular quantification and genetic diversity of toxigenic fusarium species in northern europe as compared to those in southern europe. | fusarium species produce important mycotoxins, such as deoxynivalenol (don), nivalenol (niv) and t-2/ht-2-toxins in cereals. the highest don and t-2/ht-2 toxin levels in northern europe have been found in oats. about 12%-24% of finnish oat samples in 2012 contained >1.75 mg·kg(-1) of don, which belongs to type b trichothecenes. fusarium graminearum is the most important don producer in northern europe and asia and it has been displacing the closely related f. culmorum in northern europe. the 3ad ... | 2013 | 27694770 |
| correlation of atp citrate lyase and acetyl coa levels with trichothecene production in fusarium graminearum. | the correlation of atp citrate lyase (acl) and acetyl coa levels with trichothecene production in fusarium graminearum was investigated using an inhibitor (precocene ii) and an enhancer (cobalt chloride) of trichothecene production by changing carbon sources in liquid medium. when precocene ii (30 µm) was added to inhibit trichothecene production in a trichothecene high-production medium containing sucrose, acl expression was reduced and acl mrna level as well as acetyl coa amount in the fungal ... | 2013 | 24284828 |
| fitness attributes of fusarium graminearum isolates from wheat in new york possessing a 3-adon or 15-adon trichothecene genotype. | in all, 50 isolates of fusarium graminearum from wheat spikes in new york, including 25 isolates each of the 15-acetyl-deoxynivalenol (15-adon) and 3-adon genotype, were tested to determine whether 3-adon isolates are more fit for saprophytic survival and pathogenicity on wheat spikes than are 15-adon isolates. the isolates were characterized and compared for 14 different attributes of saprophytic fitness and pathogenic fitness on a susceptible wheat variety. isolates of the two genotypes could ... | 2014 | 24283539 |
| identification of abc transporter genes of fusarium graminearum with roles in azole tolerance and/or virulence. | fusarium graminearum is a plant pathogen infecting several important cereals, resulting in substantial yield losses and mycotoxin contamination of the grain. triazole fungicides are used to control diseases caused by this fungus on a worldwide scale. our previous microarray study indicated that 15 abc transporter genes were transcriptionally upregulated in response to tebuconazole treatment. here, we deleted four abc transporter genes in two genetic backgrounds of f. graminearum representing the ... | 2013 | 24244413 |
| host-induced gene silencing of cytochrome p450 lanosterol c14α-demethylase-encoding genes confers strong resistance to fusarium species. | head blight, which is caused by mycotoxin-producing fungi of the genus fusarium, is an economically important crop disease. we assessed the potential of host-induced gene silencing targeting the fungal cytochrome p450 lanosterol c-14α-demethylase (cyp51) genes, which are essential for ergosterol biosynthesis, to restrict fungal infection. in axenic cultures of fusarium graminearum, in vitro feeding of cyp3rna, a 791-nt double-stranded (ds)rna complementary to cyp51a, cyp51b, and cyp51c, resulted ... | 2013 | 24218613 |
| the fusarium graminearum histone h3 k27 methyltransferase kmt6 regulates development and expression of secondary metabolite gene clusters. | the cereal pathogen fusarium graminearum produces secondary metabolites toxic to humans and animals, yet coordinated transcriptional regulation of gene clusters remains largely a mystery. by chromatin immunoprecipitation and high-throughput dna sequencing (chip-seq) we found that regions with secondary metabolite clusters are enriched for trimethylated histone h3 lysine 27 (h3k27me3), a histone modification associated with gene silencing. h3k27me3 was found predominantly in regions that lack syn ... | 2013 | 24204317 |
| serine o-acetyltransferase is important, but not essential for cysteine-methionine synthesis in fusarium graminearum. | o-acetyltransferase (sat) is a key enzyme converting serine into o-acetylserine in the synthesis of sulphur-containing amino acids. to characterize the function of fgsat in fusarium graminearum, three deletion mutants of fgsat (δfgsat-1, -2 and -18) were obtained using a gene replacement strategy. the three mutants did not show recognizable phenotypic changes on potato dextrose agar medium, but exhibited a very weak growth on fructose gelatin agar (fga) medium containing so₄²⁻ as sole sulfur sou ... | 2014 | 24197784 |
| characterization of on-target generated tryptic peptides from giberella zeae conidia spore proteins by means of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry. | traditionally characterization of microbial proteins is performed by a complex sequence of steps with the final step to be either edman sequencing or mass spectrometry, which generally takes several weeks or months to be complete. in this work, we proposed a strategy for the characterization of tryptic peptides derived from giberella zeae (anamorph: fusarium graminearum) proteins in parallel to intact cell mass spectrometry (icms) in which no complicated and time-consuming steps were needed. exp ... | 2014 | 24177199 |
| effects of light on secondary metabolism and fungal development of fusarium graminearum. | the objectives of this study were (i) to characterize white-collar (wc) orthologues of the filamentous fungus fusarium graminearum, (ii) to investigate light-responsive phenotypes by the deletion of fgwc-1 and fgwc-2 genes and (iii) to examine the roles of those genes in constant light and darkness in relation to secondary metabolite synthesis and development. | 2014 | 24176027 |
| antifungal activity and mechanism of palladium-modified nitrogen-doped titanium oxide photocatalyst on agricultural pathogenic fungi fusarium graminearum. | fusarium graminearum is the pathogen for fusarium head blight (fhb) on wheat, which could significantly reduce grain quality/yield and produce a variety of mycotoxins posing a potential safety concern to human foods. as an environmentally friendly alternative to the commonly used chemical fugicides, a highly effective photocatalytic disinfection of f. graminearum macroconidia under visible light illumination was demonstrated on a visible-light-activated palladium-modified nitrogen-doped titanium ... | 2013 | 24175751 |
| toxigenic capacity and trichothecene production by fusarium graminearum isolates from argentina and their relationship with aggressiveness and fungal expansion in the wheat spike. | at least 20 epidemics of fusarium head blight (fhb) of wheat have been registered in the last 50 years in argentina, with variable intensity. damage induced by the disease is further aggravated by the presence of mycotoxins in affected grains that may cause health problems to humans and animals. the trichothecene chemotype was analyzed for 112 isolates of fusarium graminearum from argentina by polymerase chain reaction and two field trials were conducted to study the aggressiveness of a subsampl ... | 2014 | 24168045 |
| quantitative trait loci-dependent analysis of a gene co-expression network associated with fusarium head blight resistance in bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | fusarium head blight (fhb) caused by fusarium graminearum schwabe is one of the most prevalent diseases of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and other small grain cereals. resistance against the fungus is quantitative and more than 100 quantitative trait loci (qtl) have been described. two well-validated and highly reproducible qtl, fhb1 and qfhs.ifa-5a have been widely investigated, but to date the underlying genes have not been identified. | 2013 | 24152241 |
| functional characterization of sucrose non-fermenting 1 protein kinase complex genes in the ascomycete fusarium graminearum. | sucrose non-fermenting 1 (snf1) protein kinase complex is a heterotrimer that functions in energy homeostasis in eukaryotes by regulating transcription of glucose-repressible genes. our previous study revealed that snf1 of the homothallic ascomycete fungus fusarium graminearum plays important roles in vegetative growth, sexual development, and virulence. in this study, we further identified the components of the snf1 complex in f. graminearum and characterized their functions. we found that the ... | 2014 | 24057127 |
| functional characterization of rho family small gtpases in fusarium graminearum. | rho gtpases have multiple cellular and metabolic functions, including vesicular trafficking and pathogenesis, as signaling molecules in fungi. wheat scab, caused by fusarium graminearum, is one of the most important wheat diseases worldwide, yet the mechanisms associated with making this fungus such a devastating pathogen remain largely ambiguous. in an effort to better understand f. graminearum virulence, we functionally characterized all six rho gtpases in f. graminearum. fgrho1 was determined ... | 2013 | 24055721 |
| identification and characterization of an inhibitor of trichothecene 3-o-acetyltransferase, tri101, by the chemical array approach. | trichothecene 3-o-acetyltransferase (tri101) is an indispensable enzyme for the biosynthesis of trichothecenes, a group of mycotoxins produced by fusarium graminearum. in this study, an inhibitor of tri101 was identified by chemical array analysis using compounds from the riken natural products depository (npdepo) library. although the addition of the identified enzyme inhibitor to the fungal culture did not inhibit trichothecene production, it can serve as a candidate lead compound in the devel ... | 2013 | 24018674 |
| evaluation of fusarium head blight in barley infected by fusarium graminearum. | fusarium head blight, which is primarily caused by fusarium graminearum, is a devastating disease in the barley field. a real-time pcr protocol was developed to evaluate the growth of this pathogen in the host plant tissues. all four strains harbored the gene encoding atp-binding cassette transporter (fgabc; fgsg_00541) as a single copy within their genomes. our southern blot result was identical with the genomic data for f. graminearum strain ph-1. based on the crossing point (cp) values obtain ... | 2013 | 23990309 |
| proteomic insights into seed germination in response to environmental factors. | seed germination is a critical process in the life cycle of higher plants. during germination, the imbibed mature seed is highly sensitive to different environmental factors.however, knowledge about the molecular and physiological mechanisms underlying the environmental effects on germination has been lacking. recent proteomic work has provided invaluable insight into the molecular processes in germinating seeds of arabidopsis, rice (oryza sativa), soybean (glycine max), barley (hordeum vulgare) ... | 2013 | 23986916 |
| an abc pleiotropic drug resistance transporter of fusarium graminearum with a role in crown and root diseases of wheat. | fgabc1 (fgsg_04580) is predicted to encode a pleiotropic drug resistance class abc transporter in fusarium graminearum, a globally important pathogen of wheat. deletion mutants of fgabc1 showed reduced virulence towards wheat in crown and root infection assays but were unaltered in infectivity on barley. expression of fgabc1 during head blight and crown rot disease increases during the necrotrophic phases of infection suggestive of a role for fgabc1 in late infection stages in different tissue t ... | 2013 | 23965171 |
| the atf/creb transcription factor atf1 is essential for full virulence, deoxynivalenol production, and stress tolerance in the cereal pathogen fusarium graminearum. | fusarium graminearum is a necrotrophic plant pathogen of cereals that produces mycotoxins such as deoxynivalenol (don) and zearalenone (zea) in grains. the stress-activated mitogen-activated protein kinase fgos-2 is a central regulator in f. graminearum and controls, among others, virulence and don and zea production. here, we characterized the atf/creb-activating transcription factor fgatf1, a regulator that functions downstream of fgos-2. we created deletion and overexpression mutants of fgatf ... | 2013 | 23945004 |
| constitutive expression of the xylanase inhibitor taxi-iii delays fusarium head blight symptoms in durum wheat transgenic plants. | cereals contain xylanase inhibitor (xi) proteins which inhibit microbial xylanases and are considered part of the defense mechanisms to counteract microbial pathogens. nevertheless, in planta evidence for this role has not been reported yet. therefore, we produced a number of transgenic plants constitutively overexpressing taxi-iii, a member of the taxi type xi that is induced by pathogen infection. results showed that taxi-iii endows the transgenic wheat with new inhibition capacities. we also ... | 2013 | 23945000 |
| cytological and molecular characterization of quantitative trait locus qrfg1, which confers resistance to gibberella stalk rot in maize. | tremendous progress has been made recently in understanding plant response to fusarium graminearum infection. here, the cytological aspect and molecular mechanism of maize defense to f. graminearum infection were characterized using a pair of near-isogenic lines (nil), the resistant and the susceptible nil. f. graminearum primarily penetrated the maize root tip and no penetration structure was found. the fungal biomass within the root correlated well with root-disease severity. following inocula ... | 2013 | 23902264 |
| simultaneous real-time pcr detection of fusarium asiaticum, f. ussurianum and f. vorosii, representing the asian clade of the f. graminearum species complex. | due to the repeated discovery of new members of the fusarium graminearum species complex (fgsc), some of the f. graminearum sensu stricto (s.s.)-specific qpcr assays developed to date have since been shown to be non-specific. in this study, a probe-based qpcr method was developed, targeting a sterol 14-alpha demethylase (cyp51) paralogue, cyp51c unique to the genus fusarium, for the simultaneous detection of f. asiaticum, f. ussurianum and f. vorosii. specificity of the assay was demonstrated fo ... | 2013 | 23867363 |
| the hex1 gene of fusarium graminearum is required for fungal asexual reproduction and pathogenesis and for efficient viral rna accumulation of fusarium graminearum virus 1. | the accumulation of viral rna depends on many host cellular factors. the hexagonal peroxisome (hex1) protein is a fungal protein that is highly expressed when the dk21 strain of fusarium graminearum virus 1 (fgv1) infects its host, and hex1 affects the accumulation of fgv1 rna. the hex1 protein is the major constituent of the woronin body (wb), which is a peroxisome-derived electron-dense core organelle that seals the septal pore in response to hyphal wounding. to clarify the role of hex1 and th ... | 2013 | 23864619 |
| network-based data integration for selecting candidate virulence associated proteins in the cereal infecting fungus fusarium graminearum. | the identification of virulence genes in plant pathogenic fungi is important for understanding the infection process, host range and for developing control strategies. the analysis of already verified virulence genes in phytopathogenic fungi in the context of integrated functional networks can give clues about the underlying mechanisms and pathways directly or indirectly linked to fungal pathogenicity and can suggest new candidates for further experimental investigation, using a 'guilt by associ ... | 2013 | 23861834 |
| regional differences in species composition and toxigenic potential among fusarium head blight isolates from uruguay indicate a risk of nivalenol contamination in new wheat production areas. | members of the fusarium graminearum species complex (fgsc) are the primary cause of fusarium head blight (fhb) of wheat, and frequently contaminate grain with trichothecene mycotoxins that pose a serious threat to food safety and animal health. the species identity and trichothecene toxin potential of 151 fgsc isolates collected from wheat in uruguay were determined via multilocus genotyping. although f. graminearum with the 15adon trichothecene type accounted for 86% of the isolates examined, f ... | 2013 | 23856007 |
| the mat locus genes play different roles in sexual reproduction and pathogenesis in fusarium graminearum. | sexual reproduction plays a critical role in the infection cycle of fusarium graminearum because ascospores are the primary inoculum. as a homothallic ascomycete, f. graminearum contains both the mat1-1 and mat1-2-1 loci in the genome. to better understand their functions and regulations in sexual reproduction and pathogenesis, in this study we assayed the expression, interactions, and mutant phenotypes of individual mat locus genes. whereas the expression of mat1-1-1 and mat12-1 rapidly increas ... | 2013 | 23826182 |
| genomic clustering and co-regulation of transcriptional networks in the pathogenic fungus fusarium graminearum. | genes for the production of a broad range of fungal secondary metabolites are frequently colinear. the prevalence of such gene clusters was systematically examined across the genome of the cereal pathogen fusarium graminearum. the topological structure of transcriptional networks was also examined to investigate control mechanisms for mycotoxin biosynthesis and other processes. | 2013 | 23805903 |
| efg: an electronic resource for fusarium graminearum. | fusarium graminearum is a plant pathogen, which causes crop diseases and further leads to huge economic damage worldwide in past decades. recently, the accumulation of different types of molecular data provides insights into the pathogenic mechanism of f. graminearum, and might help develop efficient strategies to combat this destructive fungus. unfortunately, most available molecular data related to f. graminearum are distributed in various media, where each single source only provides limited ... | 2013 | 23798489 |
| a novel one-pot synthesis and preliminary biological activity evaluation of cis-restricted polyhydroxy stilbenes incorporating protocatechuic acid and cinnamic acid fragments. | a series of new stilbenes 4a-e, 5 were synthesized through a novel one-pot perkin-like reaction between 6,7-dimethoxyhomophthalic anhydride and aromatic aldehydes, followed by treatment with bbr3. this synthesis is straightforward and allows polyhydroxylated cis-stilbenes gathering two well-known pharmacophoric fragments to be obtained in good yields and for short reaction times. the structure of the newly synthesized compounds was established by spectroscopic methods ((1)h nmr, (13)c nmr, ir an ... | 2013 | 23796767 |
| selection and identification of ssdna aptamers recognizing zearalenone. | zearalenone (zen) is a nonsteroidal estrogenic mycotoxin produced by fusarium graminearum on maize and barley. because most current methods of zen detection rely on the use of low-stability antibodies or expensive equipment, we sought to develop a rapid, low-cost determination method using aptamers instead of antibodies as the specific recognition ligands. this work describes the isolation and identification of single-stranded dna (ssdna) aptamers recognizing zen using the modified systematic ev ... | 2013 | 23748593 |
| deoxynivalenol-induced weight loss in the diet-induced obese mouse is reversible and pkr-independent. | the trichothecene deoxynivalenol (don), a potent ribotoxic mycotoxin produced by the cereal blight fungus fusarium graminearum, commonly contaminates grain-based foods. oral exposure to don causes decreased food intake, reduced weight gain and body weight loss in experimental animals - effects that have been linked to dysregulation of hormones responsible for mediating satiety at the central nervous system level. when diet-induced obese (dio) mice are fed don, they consume less food, eventually ... | 2013 | 23707852 |
| fusarium damage in cereal grains from western canada. 1. phylogenetic analysis of moniliformin-producing fusarium species and their natural occurrence in mycotoxin-contaminated wheat, oats, and rye. | harvest samples of common wheat (triticum aestivum), oats (avena sativa), and rye (secale cereale) from producers in western canada were analyzed for fungal infection by toxigenic fusarium species and contamination by trichothecenes and moniliformin (mon). fusarium graminearum and f. avenaceum were the two most frequently isolated species from samples of rye and wheat collected in 2010. f. poae and f. sporotrichioides were more commonly detected in randomly selected oat seeds. other toxigenic fu ... | 2013 | 23683177 |
| cellular development associated with induced mycotoxin synthesis in the filamentous fungus fusarium graminearum. | several species of the filamentous fungus fusarium colonize plants and produce toxic small molecules that contaminate agricultural products, rendering them unsuitable for consumption. among the most destructive of these species is f. graminearum, which causes disease in wheat and barley and often infests the grain with harmful trichothecene mycotoxins. synthesis of these secondary metabolites is induced during plant infection or in culture in response to chemical signals. our results show that t ... | 2013 | 23667578 |
| genetic characterization of fusarium graminearum and f. culmorum isolates from turkey by using random-amplified polymorphic dna. | five fusarium graminearum and 12 f. culmorum isolates, primarily pathogenic species of fusarium head blight, were obtained from naturally infected wheat from various agro-ecological regions of turkey. genotyping of the isolates was carried out using random-amplified polymorphic dna (rapd). sixty-five 10-mer oligonucleotide primers were used to amplify the rapd markers. among them, 50 primers produced strong and reproducible dna amplicons. the remaining primers generated either insufficient or no ... | 2013 | 23661459 |
| a novel gene, gea1, is required for ascus cell-wall development in the ascomycete fungus fusarium graminearum. | the ascomycete fungus fusarium graminearum is a devastating plant pathogen for major cereal crops. ascospores are produced via sexual reproduction and forcibly discharged from mature perithecia, which function as the primary inocula. perithecium development involves complex cellular processes and is under polygenic control. in this study, a novel gene, gea1, was found to be required for ascus wall development in f. graminearum. gea1 deletion mutants produced normal-shaped perithecia and ascospor ... | 2013 | 23619001 |
| comparative analysis of fungal genomes reveals different plant cell wall degrading capacity in fungi. | fungi produce a variety of carbohydrate activity enzymes (cazymes) for the degradation of plant polysaccharide materials to facilitate infection and/or gain nutrition. identifying and comparing cazymes from fungi with different nutritional modes or infection mechanisms may provide information for better understanding of their life styles and infection models. to date, over hundreds of fungal genomes are publicly available. however, a systematic comparative analysis of fungal cazymes across the e ... | 2013 | 23617724 |
| genomic predictability of interconnected biparental maize populations. | intense structuring of plant breeding populations challenges the design of the training set (ts) in genomic selection (gs). an important open question is how the ts should be constructed from multiple related or unrelated small biparental families to predict progeny from individual crosses. here, we used a set of five interconnected maize (zea mays l.) populations of doubled-haploid (dh) lines derived from four parents to systematically investigate how the composition of the ts affects the predi ... | 2013 | 23535384 |
| permanent genetic resources added to molecular ecology resources database 1 december 2012-31 january 2013. | this article documents the addition of 268 microsatellite marker loci to the molecular ecology resources database. loci were developed for the following species: alburnoides bipunctatus, chamaerops humilis, chlidonias hybrida, cyperus papyrus, fusarium graminearum, loxigilla barbadensis, macrobrachium rosenbergii, odontesthes bonariensis, pelteobagrus vachelli, posidonia oceanica, potamotrygon motoro, rhamdia quelen, sarotherodon melanotheron heudelotii, sibiraea angustata, takifugu rubripes, ta ... | 2013 | 23521844 |
| transcriptome-based discovery of pathways and genes related to resistance against fusarium head blight in wheat landrace wangshuibai. | fusarium head blight (fhb), caused mainly by fusarium graminearum (fg) schwabe (teleomorph: gibberellazeae schwble), brings serious damage to wheat production. chinese wheat landrace wangshuibai is one of the most important resistance sources in the world. the knowledge of mechanism underlying its resistance to fhb is still limited. | 2013 | 23514540 |
| aggressiveness of fusarium species and impact of root infection on growth and yield of soybeans. | fusarium spp. are commonly isolated from soybean roots but the pathogenic activity of most species is poorly documented. aggressiveness and yield impact of nine species of fusarium were determined on soybean in greenhouse (50 isolates) and field microplot (19 isolates) experiments. root rot severity and shoot and root dry weights were compared at growth stages v3 or r1. root systems were scanned and digital image analysis was conducted; yield was measured in microplots. disease severity and root ... | 2013 | 23514263 |
| comparative secretome analysis of fusarium graminearum and two of its non-pathogenic mutants upon deoxynivalenol induction in vitro. | to understand early events in plant-pathogen interactions, it is necessary to explore the pathogen secretome to identify secreted proteins that help orchestrate pathology. the secretome can be obtained from pathogens grown in vitro, and then characterized using standard proteomic approaches based on protein extraction and subsequent identification of tryptic peptides by lc-ms. a subset of the secretome is composed of proteins whose presence is required to initiate infection and their removal fro ... | 2013 | 23512867 |