| rational design of cyclic antimicrobial peptides based on bpc194 and bpc198. | a strategy for the design of antimicrobial cyclic peptides derived from the lead compounds c(kklkkfkklq) (bpc194) and c(klkkkfkklq) (bpc198) is reported. first, the secondary β-structure of bpc194 and bpc198 was analyzed by carrying out molecular dynamics (md) simulations. then, based on the sequence pattern and the β-structure of bpc194 or bpc198, fifteen analogues were designed and synthesized on solid-phase. the best peptides (bpc490, bpc918, and bpc924) showed minimum inhibitory concentratio ... | 2017 | 28672817 |
| validation of reference genes for the normalization of the rt-qpcr gene expression of virulence genes of erwinia amylovora in apple shoots. | to study the expression of pathogenicity-related genes in erwinia amylovora, seven candidate reference genes (ffh, glya, gyra, proc, pyka, reca, rpob) were selected and validated with the following five different mathematic algorithms: genorm, normfinder, bestkeeper, the delta ct method and the reffinder web-based tool. an overall comprehensive ranking output from each of the selected software programs revealed that proc and reca, followed by ffh and pyka, were the most stably expressed genes an ... | 2017 | 28515453 |
| lon protease modulates virulence traits in erwinia amylovora by direct monitoring of major regulators and indirectly through the rcs and gac-csr regulatory systems. | lon, an atp-dependent protease in bacteria, influences diverse cellular processes by degrading damaged, misfolded and short-lived regulatory proteins. in this study, we characterized the effects of lon mutation and determined the molecular mechanisms underlying lon-mediated virulence regulation in erwinia amylovora, an enterobacterial pathogen of apple. erwinia amylovora depends on the type iii secretion system (t3ss) and the exopolysaccharide (eps) amylovoran to cause disease. our results showe ... | 2017 | 28509355 |
| multiple dictyostelid species destroy biofilms of klebsiella oxytoca and other gram negative species. | dictyostelids are free-living phagocytes that feed on bacteria in diverse habitats. when bacterial prey is in short supply or depleted, they undergo multicellular development culminating in the formation of dormant spores. in this work, we tested isolates representing four dictyostelid species from two genera (dictyostelium and polysphondylium) for the potential to feed on biofilms preformed on glass and polycarbonate surfaces. the abilities of dictyostelids were monitored for three hallmarks of ... | 2017 | 28499132 |
| exploration of using antisense peptide nucleic acid (pna)-cell penetrating peptide (cpp) as a novel bactericide against fire blight pathogen erwinia amylovora. | erwinia amylovora is a gram-negative bacterial plant pathogen in the family enterobacteriaceae and is the causal agent of fire blight, a devastating disease of apple and pear. fire blight is traditionally managed by the application of the antibiotic streptomycin during bloom, but this strategy has been challenged by the development and spread of streptomycin resistance. thus, there is an urgent need for effective, specific, and sustainable control alternatives for fire blight. antisense antimicr ... | 2017 | 28469617 |
| the crystal structure of erwinia amylovora amyr, a member of the ybjn protein family, shows similarity to type iii secretion chaperones but suggests different cellular functions. | amyr is a stress and virulence associated protein from the plant pathogenic enterobacteriaceae species erwinia amylovora, and is a functionally conserved ortholog of ybjn from escherichia coli. the crystal structure of e. amylovora amyr reveals a class i type iii secretion chaperone-like fold, despite the lack of sequence similarity between these two classes of protein and lacking any evidence of a secretion-associated role. the results indicate that amyr, and ybjn proteins in general, function ... | 2017 | 28426806 |
| type vi secretion systems of erwinia amylovora contribute to bacterial competition, virulence, and exopolysaccharide production. | the type vi secretion system (t6ss) plays a major role in mediating interbacterial competition and might contribute to virulence in plant pathogenic bacteria. however, the role of t6ss in erwinia amylovora remains unknown. in this study, 33 deletion mutants within three t6ss clusters were generated in e. amylovora strain ncppb1665. our results showed that all 33 mutants displayed reduced antibacterial activities against escherichia coli as compared with that of the wild-type (wt) strain, indicat ... | 2017 | 28421913 |