| general nitrogen regulation of nitrate assimilation regulatory gene nasr expression in klebsiella oxytoca m5al. | klebsiella oxytoca can assimilate nitrate and nitrite by using enzymes encoded by the nasfedcba operon. expression of the nasf operon is controlled by general nitrogen regulation (ntr) via the ntrc transcription activator and by pathway-specific nitrate and nitrite induction via the nasr transcription antiterminator. this paper reports our analysis of nasr gene expression. we constructed strains bearing single-copy phi(nasr-lacz) operon fusions within the chromosomal rhabad-rhasr locus. the expr ... | 1999 | 10572131 |
| cellobiose-6-phosphate hydrolase (celf) of escherichia coli: characterization and assignment to the unusual family 4 of glycosylhydrolases. | the gene celf of the cryptic cel operon of escherichia coli has been cloned, and the encoded 6-phospho-beta-glucosidase (cellobiose-6-phosphate [6p] hydrolase; celf [ec 3.2.1.86]) has been expressed and purified in a catalytically active state. among phospho-beta-glycosidases, celf exhibits unique requirements for a divalent metal ion and nad(+) for activity and, by sequence alignment, is assigned to family 4 of the glycosylhydrolase superfamily. celf hydrolyzed a variety of p-beta-glucosides, i ... | 1999 | 10572139 |
| regulation of adhe (encoding ethanol oxidoreductase) by the fis protein in escherichia coli. | the adhe gene of escherichia coli encodes a multifunctional ethanol oxidoreductase whose expression is 10-fold higher under anaerobic than aerobic conditions. transcription of the gene is under the negative control of the cra (catabolite repressor-activator) protein, whereas translation of the adhe mrna requires processing by rnase iii. in this report, we show that the expression of adhe also depends on the fis (factor for inversion stimulation) protein. a strain bearing a fis::kan null allele f ... | 1999 | 10572146 |
| in vivo modification of porin activity conferring antibiotic resistance to enterobacter aerogenes. | cephalosporins are widely used in chemotherapy of bacterial infections and resistance mechanisms seriously impair their antibacterial activity. several resistant strains of enterobacter aerogenes, a frequently isolated nosocomial pathogen, were analyzed. one isolate exhibited a strong modification of the porin antigenic pattern, especially with an immunological probe directed against an epitope located inside the pore lumen. a strong decrease of cefepime uptake was evidenced for this isolate, si ... | 1999 | 10581197 |
| ubiquity and diversity of dissimilatory (per)chlorate-reducing bacteria. | environmental contamination with compounds containing oxyanions of chlorine, such as perchlorate or chlorate [(per)chlorate] or chlorine dioxide, has been a constantly growing problem over the last 100 years. although the fact that microbes reduce these compounds has been recognized for more than 50 years, only six organisms which can obtain energy for growth by this metabolic process have been described. as part of a study to investigate the diversity and ubiquity of microorganisms involved in ... | 1999 | 10583970 |
| development of an infection-resistant lvad driveline: a novel approach to the prevention of device-related infections. | infection remains the single most important challenge to extended left ventricular assist device (lvad) use and often arises from the percutaneous driveline exit site. we evaluated the ability of an lvad driveline prototype impregnated with chlorhexidine, triclosan, and silver sulfadiazine to resist bacterial and fungal colonization. | 1999 | 10598734 |
| comparison of five beta-lactam antibiotics against common nosocomial pathogens using the time above mic at different creatinine clearances. | to compare the time above the minimum inhibitory concentration (t>mic) for five parenteral beta-lactam antibiotics against common nosocomial bacterial pathogens at different creatinine clearances (clcr). | 1999 | 10600088 |
| genetic analysis of a chromosomal region containing genes required for assimilation of allantoin nitrogen and linked glyoxylate metabolism in escherichia coli. | growth experiments with escherichia coli have shown that this organism is able to use allantoin as a sole nitrogen source but not as a sole carbon source. nitrogen assimilation from this compound was possible only under anaerobic conditions, in which all the enzyme activities involved in allantoin metabolism were detected. of the nine genes encoding proteins required for allantoin degradation, only the one encoding glyoxylate carboligase (gcl), the first enzyme of the pathway leading to glycerat ... | 1999 | 10601204 |
| regulation of expression of the adhe gene, encoding ethanol oxidoreductase in escherichia coli: transcription from a downstream promoter and regulation by fnr and rpos. | the adhe gene of escherichia coli, located at min 27 on the chromosome, encodes the bifunctional nad-linked oxidoreductase responsible for the conversion of acetyl-coenzyme a to ethanol during fermentative growth. the expression of adhe is dependent on both transcriptional and posttranscriptional controls and is about 10-fold higher during anaerobic than during aerobic growth. two putative transcriptional start sites have been reported: one at position -292 and the other at -188 from the transla ... | 1999 | 10601216 |
| production of a tem-24 plasmid-mediated extended-spectrum beta-lactamase by a clinical isolate of pseudomonas aeruginosa. | several pseudomonas aeruginosa strains, including one urinary isolate producing an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase tem-24, were isolated from a long-term-hospitalized woman. three tem-24-producing enterobacterial species (enterobacter aerogenes, escherichia coli, and proteus mirabilis) were isolated from the same patient. tem-24 and the resistance markers for aminoglycosides, chloramphenicol, and sulfonamide were encoded by a 180-kb plasmid transferred by conjugation into e. coli hb101. | 2000 | 10602754 |
| role of the tetraheme cytochrome cyma in anaerobic electron transport in cells of shewanella putrefaciens mr-1 with normal levels of menaquinone. | shewanella putrefaciens mr-1 possesses a complex electron transport system which facilitates its ability to use a diverse array of compounds as terminal electron acceptors for anaerobic respiration. a previous report described a mutant strain (cmtn-1) deficient in cyma, a tetraheme cytochrome c. however, the interpretation of the electron transport role of cyma was complicated by the fact that cmtn-1 was also markedly deficient in menaquinones. this report demonstrates that the depressed menaqui ... | 2000 | 10613864 |
| genetics of l-sorbose transport and metabolism in lactobacillus casei. | genes encoding l-sorbose metabolism of lactobacillus casei atcc 393 have been identified on a 6.8-kb chromosomal dna fragment. sequence analysis revealed seven complete genes and a partial open reading frame transcribed as two units. the deduced amino acid sequences of the first transcriptional unit (sorre) showed high similarity to the transcriptional regulator and the l-sorbose-1-phosphate reductase of the sorbose (sor) operon from klebsiella pneumoniae. the other genes are transcribed as one ... | 2000 | 10613875 |
| convenient test for screening metallo-beta-lactamase-producing gram-negative bacteria by using thiol compounds. | a simple disk diffusion test was constructed for detection of imp-1-type metallo-beta-lactamase-producing gram-negative bacteria. two kirby-bauer disks containing ceftazidime (caz) and a filter disk containing a metallo-beta-lactamase inhibitor were used in this test. several imp-1 inhibitors such as thiol compounds including 2-mercaptopropionic acid, heavy metal salts, and edta were evaluated for this test. two caz disks were placed on a mueller-hinton agar plate on which a bacterial suspension ... | 2000 | 10618060 |
| glutamate synthase: identification of the nadph-binding site by site-directed mutagenesis. | to contribute to the understanding of glutamate synthase and of beta subunit-like proteins, which have been detected by sequence analyses, we identified the nadph-binding site out of the two potential adp-binding regions found in the beta subunit. the substitution of an alanyl residue for g298 of the beta subunit of azospirillum brasilense glutamate synthase (the second glycine in the gxgxxa fingerprint of the postulated nadph-binding site) yielded a protein species in which the flavin environme ... | 2000 | 10651638 |
| detection of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in clinical isolates of enterobacter cloacae and enterobacter aerogenes. | the aim of the present study was to investigate the frequency of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (esbls) in a consecutive collection of clinical isolates of enterobacter spp. the abilities of various screening methods to detect esbls in enterobacters were simultaneously tested. among the 68 consecutive isolates (56 enterobacter cloacae and 12 enterobacter aerogenes isolates) that were analyzed for beta-lactamase content, 21 (25 and 58%, respectively) possessed transferable esbls with pis of 8. ... | 2000 | 10655342 |
| antibacterial activity of some folklore medicinal plants used by tribals in western ghats of india. | a series of 30 indian folklore medicinal plants used by tribal healers to treat infections, were screened for antibacterial properties at 10 mg/ml concentration by using disc diffusion method against bacillus subtilis, escherichia coli, klebsiella aerogenes, proteus vulgaris, pseudomonas aerogenes and staphylococcus aureus. twenty plant species showed activity against one or more species of bacteria used in this assay; among them the leaf extracts of cassia occidentalis and cassia auriculata exh ... | 2000 | 10661885 |
| colonization of the respiratory tract by a virulent strain of avian escherichia coli requires carriage of a conjugative plasmid. | the e3 strain of e. coli was isolated in an outbreak of respiratory disease in broiler chickens, and experimental aerosol exposure of chickens to this strain induced disease similar to that seen in the field. in order to establish whether the virulent phenotype of this strain was associated with carriage of particular plasmids, four plasmid-cured derivatives, each lacking two or more of the plasmids carried by the wild-type strain, were assessed for virulence. virulence was found to be associate ... | 2000 | 10678971 |
| mixed infection in adult bacterial meningitis. | 12 adult patients suffering from bacterial meningitis caused by mixed infection were identified at kaohsiung chang gung memorial hospital over a period of 13 years (1986-1998), and they accounted for 6.5% (12/184) of our culture-proven adult bacterial meningitis. the 12 cases included seven males and five females, aged 17-74 years. six of the 12 cases had community-acquired infections and the other six had nosocomially-acquired infections. ten of the 12 cases had associated underlying diseases, ... | 2000 | 10697784 |
| effects of ph and trace minerals on long-term starvation of leuconostoc mesenteroides. | laboratory experiments have definitively shown that exopolymer-producing bacteria have the potential to modify the flow of fluids in oil reservoirs to enhance oil production. once injected into the reservoir, they will be subjected to a wide range of ph values and to starvation resulting from nutrient depletion. for successful field implementation it is necessary to have a fundamental understanding of these effects on the viability of bacteria. this paper addresses the effects of ph and trace mi ... | 2000 | 10698760 |
| imipenem resistance of enterobacter aerogenes mediated by outer membrane permeability. | multidrug-resistant enterobacter aerogenes strains are increasingly isolated in europe and especially in france. treatment leads to imipenem resistance, because of a lack of porin. we studied the evolution of resistance in 29 strains isolated from four patients during their clinical course. these strains belonged to the prevalent epidemiological type observed in france in previous studies (c. bosi, et al., j. clin. microbiol. 37:2165-2169, 1999; a. davin-regli et al., j. clin. microbiol. 34:1474 ... | 2000 | 10698994 |
| cloning and characterization of the udp-sugar hydrolase gene (usha) of enterobacter aerogenes ifo 12010. | a bacterial alkaline phosphatase (bap, the phoa gene product) is primarily responsible for the hydrolysis of the substrates 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolylphosphate-p-toluidine (xp) and p-nitrophenyl phosphate (pnpp). using these substrates and an e. coli phoa mutant, we have cloned enterobacter aerogenes genes conferring an xp(+) phenotype. two types of clones were identified based on phenotypic tests and dna sequences. one of them is a e. aerogenes phoa gene (xp(+), pnpp(+)) as expected; surprising ... | 2000 | 10708587 |
| studies on nutritional and oxygen requirements for production of l-asparaginase by enterobacter aerogenes. | the carbon and nitrogen sources most suitable for l-asparaginase production by enterobacter aerogenes were selected and their concentrations optimized in shake-flask cultures. sodium citrate (1.0%) and diammonium hydrogen phosphate (0.16%) proved to be the best sources of carbon and nitrogen, respectively. nitrogen catabolite repression of enzyme formation was absent in this bacterium. cultivation in a reactor showed that the dissolved oxygen level is the limiting factor for l-asparaginase produ ... | 2000 | 10709980 |
| antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of feijoa sellowiana fruit. | the present study was designed to evaluate the antibacterial and antioxidant activities of an aqueous extract from the tropical feijoa sellowiana berg. fruit which is widely used for human food. the extract was tested against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria by a broth dilution test and on human whole blood leukocytes, as well as isolated neutrophils using a chemiluminescence (cl) assay. the extract inhibited bacterial growth; pseudomonas aeruginosa, enterobacter aerogenes and enterobact ... | 2000 | 10724024 |
| molecular analysis of polyphosphate accumulation in bacteria. | the dynamic behavior of inorganic polyphosphate (polyp), its accumulation and disappearance, is the most striking aspect of polyp metabolism in bacteria. imbalance between polyp synthesis and degradation results in fluctuations of polyp by 100- to 1000-fold. we here review recent results with respect to this polyp metabolism in bacteria. polyp accumulation in response to amino acid starvation, accompanied by increased levels of stringent factors, has been observed in escherichia coli. inhibition ... | 2000 | 10739472 |
| in vivo and in vitro kinetics of metal transfer by the klebsiella aerogenes urease nickel metallochaperone, uree. | the urease accessory protein encoded by uree from klebsiella aerogenes is proposed to deliver ni(ii) to the urease apoprotein during enzyme activation. native uree possesses a histidine-rich region at its carboxyl terminus that binds several equivalents of ni(2+); however, a truncated form of this protein (h144*uree) binds only 2 ni(2+) per dimer and is functionally active (brayman, t. g., and hausinger, r. p. (1996) j. bacteriol. 178, 5410-5416). the urease activation kinetics were studied in v ... | 2000 | 10753863 |
| a common regulator for the operons encoding the enzymes involved in d-galactarate, d-glucarate, and d-glycerate utilization in escherichia coli. | genes for d-galactarate (gar) and d-glucarate (gud) metabolism in escherichia coli are organized in three transcriptional units: gard, garplrk, and gudpd. two observations suggested a common regulator for the three operons. (i) their expression was triggered by d-galactarate, d-glucarate, and d-glycerate. (ii) metabolism of the three compounds was impaired by a single tn5 insertion mapped in the yaeg gene (proposed name, sdar), outside the d-galactarate and d-glucarate systems. expression of the ... | 2000 | 10762278 |
| successful therapy of postneurosurgical meningitis caused by a resistant strain of enterobacter aerogenes. | | 1997 | 10763027 |
| fluoride inhibition of klebsiella aerogenes urease: mechanistic implications of a pseudo-uncompetitive, slow-binding inhibitor. | klebsiella aerogenes urease uses a dinuclear nickel active site to catalyze the hydrolysis of urea. here, we describe the steady-state and pre-steady-state kinetics of urease inhibition by fluoride. urease is slowly inhibited by fluoride in both the presence and absence of substrate. steady-state rate studies yield parallel double-reciprocal plots; however, we show that fluoride interaction with urease is not compatible with classical uncompetitive inhibition. rather, we propose that fluoride bi ... | 2000 | 10820010 |
| cloning and characterization of the ddc homolog encoding l-2,4-diaminobutyrate decarboxylase in enterobacter aerogenes. | l-2,4-diaminobutyrate decarboxylase (daba dc) catalyzes the formation of 1,3-diaminopropane (dap) from daba. in the present study, the ddc gene encoding daba dc from enterobacter aerogenes atcc 13048 was cloned and characterized. determination of the nucleotide sequence revealed an open reading frame of 1470 bp encoding a 53659-da protein of 490 amino acids, whose deduced nh2-terminal sequence was identical to that of purified daba dc from e. aerogenes. the deduced amino acid sequence was highly ... | 2000 | 10823682 |
| in vitro activity of gemifloxacin against a broad range of recent clinical isolates from the usa. | the antibacterial potencies of gemifloxacin (sb-265805) and 13 comparator compounds were determined by broth microdilution against a panel of 645 gram-positive and 995 gram-negative organisms collected from various usa sites. time-kill studies were performed and postantibiotic effect (pae) was determined for several organisms using trovafloxacin and ciprofloxacin as comparator compounds. based on mic(90)s, gemifloxacin was the most potent compound tested against gram-positive isolates: streptoco ... | 2000 | 10824027 |
| identification and characterization of two chemotactic transducers for inorganic phosphate in pseudomonas aeruginosa. | two chemotactic transducers for inorganic phosphate (p(i)), designated ctph and ctpl, have been identified in pseudomonas aeruginosa. the corresponding genes (ctph and ctpl) were inactivated by inserting kanamycin and tetracycline resistance gene cassettes into the wild-type genes in the p. aeruginosa pao1 genome. computer-assisted capillary assays showed that the ctph single mutant failed to exhibit p(i) taxis when the concentration of p(i) in the capillary was higher than 5 mm. conversely, the ... | 2000 | 10852870 |
| virulence of the phytopathogen pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola is rpon dependent. | we cloned the rpon (ntra and glnf) gene encoding sigma(54) from the phytopathogen pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola strain es4326. the p. syringae es4326 rpon gene complemented pseudomonas aeruginosa, escherichia coli, and klebsiella aerogenes rpon mutants for a variety of rpon mutant phenotypes, including the inability to utilize nitrate as sole nitrogen source. dna sequence analysis of the p. syringae es4326 rpon gene revealed that the deduced amino acid sequence was most similar (86% identi ... | 2000 | 10852883 |
| a novel ctx-m beta-lactamase (ctx-m-8) in cefotaxime-resistant enterobacteriaceae isolated in brazil. | to estimate the diversity of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in brazil, 18 strains from different species of the family enterobacteriaceae exhibiting a positive double-disk synergy test were collected by a clinical laboratory from several hospitals in rio de janeiro, brazil, in 1996 and 1997. four strains (proteus mirabilis, enterobacter cloacae, enterobacter aerogenes, and citrobacter amalonaticus) hybridized with a 550-bp ctx-m probe. the p. mirabilis strain produced a ctx-m-2 enzyme. the e. ... | 2000 | 10858358 |
| role of infection control measures in limiting morbidity associated with multi-resistant organisms in critically ill patients. | a retrospective comparative study was performed to determine the impact of infection control measures (icms) on colonization and infections due to methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa), klebsiella pneumoniae (producing transferable extended-spectrum beta-lactamase, kpesbl), and multi-resistant enterobacter aerogenes (mrea) in intensive care unit patients. infection control measures included surveillance cultures, isolation procedures and mupirocin for mrsa nasal carriage. the number ... | 2000 | 10860687 |
| [a case of emphysematous pyelonephritis improved with conservative therapy--indication for conservative therapy]. | a 51-year-old female patient was hospitalized in our department with high fever and left flank pain. laboratory examination showed leukocytosis, increase of c-reactive protein (crp), hyperglycemia and renal insufficiency. enterobacter aerogenes grew out of the cultured urine. the radiograph and computerized tomographic (ct) scan revealed streaky gas in the destroyed left renal parenchyma with perirenal gas. she was diagnosed with left emphysematous pyelonephritis. antibiotics therapy, treatment ... | 2000 | 10876758 |
| culturability and in situ abundance of pelagic bacteria from the north sea. | the culturability of abundant members of the domain bacteria in north sea bacterioplankton was investigated by a combination of various cultivation strategies and cultivation-independent 16s rrna-based techniques. we retrieved 16s rrna gene (rdna) clones from environmental dnas and determined the in situ abundance of different groups and genera by fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish). a culture collection of 145 strains was established by plating on oligotrophic medium. isolates were screen ... | 2000 | 10877804 |
| biosynthesis of pyridoxine: origin of the nitrogen atom of pyridoxine in microorganisms. | the amide nitrogen atom of glutamine was incorporated into pyridoxine in four eukaryotes, emericella nidulans, mucor racemosus, neurospora crassa and saccharomyces cerevisiae, and two prokaryotes, staphylococcus aureus and bacillus subtilis, but not in the following prokaryotes, pseudomonas putida, enterobacter aerogenes and escherichia coli. on the other hand, the nitrogen atom of glutamate was incorporated into pyridoxine in p. putida, e. aerogenes and e. coli, but not in s. aureus and b. subt ... | 2000 | 10885790 |
| photochemical inactivation of bacteria and hiv in buffy-coat-derived platelet concentrates under conditions that preserve in vitro platelet function. | a photochemical process has been tested for the inactivation of viruses and bacteria in buffy-coat derived platelet concentrates (bc pcs). | 2000 | 10895093 |
| role of the yiar and yias genes of escherichia coli in metabolism of endogenously formed l-xylulose. | genes yiap and yiar of the yiaklmnopqrs cluster of escherichia coli are required for the metabolism of the endogenously formed l-xylulose, whereas yias is required for this metabolism only in arad mutants. like arad, yias was shown to have l-ribulose-5-phosphate 4-epimerase activity. similarity of yiar to several 3-epimerases suggested that this protein could catalyze the conversion of l-xylulose-5-phosphate into l-ribulose-5-phosphate, thus completing the pathway between l-xylulose and the gene ... | 2000 | 10913097 |
| kinetic and structural characterization of urease active site variants. | klebsiella aerogenes urease uses a dinuclear nickel active site to catalyze urea hydrolysis at >10(14)-fold the spontaneous rate. to better define the enzyme mechanism, we examined the kinetics and structures for a suite of site-directed variants involving four residues at the active site: his320, his219, asp221, and arg336. compared to wild-type urease, the h320a, h320n, and h320q variants exhibit similar approximately 10(-)(5)-fold deficiencies in rates, modest k(m) changes, and disorders in t ... | 2000 | 10913264 |
| synthesis of novel heterobranched beta-cyclodextrins from 4(2)-o-beta-d-galactosyl-maltose and beta-cyclodextrin by the reverse action of pullulanase, and isolation and characterization of the products. | from the mixture of 4(2)-o-beta-d-galactosyl-maltose (gal-g2) and beta-cyclodextrin (betacd), novel heterobranched betacds, (gal-g2)-betacd and (gal-g2)2-betacds, were synthesized by the reverse action of debranching enzyme. the optimum conditions for the production of (gal-g2)2-betacds were examined. a mixture of (gal-g2)2-betacds was produced in about 4% yield when aerobacter aerogenes pullulanase (64 units per 1 g of gal-g2) was incubated with 1.6 m gal-g2 and 0.16 m betacd at 50 degrees c fo ... | 2000 | 10923794 |
| [application of gas chromatography in the identification of enterobacter cloacae, enterobacter aerogenes, and enterobacter agglomerans]. | enterobacter cloacae, enterobacter aerogenes and enterobacter agglomerans were identified using gas chromatography as a substitution of the traditional techniques. their acid methyl esters profiles were determined using a gas chromatograph hewlett packard 5890a and a rsl-150 heliflex capillary column. a total of 120 samples were analyzed from reference strains (atcc 13047, 13048, 27155) and environmental isolations, eleven fatty acids were included in the profiles from which cis-9, 10-methyleneo ... | 1999 | 10932747 |
| identification of the gene encoding sulfopyruvate decarboxylase, an enzyme involved in biosynthesis of coenzyme m. | the products of two adjacent genes in the chromosome of methanococcus jannaschii are similar to the amino and carboxyl halves of phosphonopyruvate decarboxylase, the enzyme that catalyzes the second step of fosfomycin biosynthesis in streptomyces wedmorensis. these two m. jannaschii genes were recombinantly expressed in escherichia coli, and their gene products were tested for the ability to catalyze the decarboxylation of a series of alpha-ketoacids. both subunits are required to form an alpha( ... | 2000 | 10940029 |
| phg1p is a nine-transmembrane protein superfamily member involved in dictyostelium adhesion and phagocytosis. | to identify the molecular mechanisms involved in phagocytosis, we generated random insertion mutants of dictyostelium discoideum and selected two mutants defective for phagocytosis. both represented insertions in the same gene, named phg1. this gene encodes a polytopic membrane protein with an n-terminal lumenal domain and nine potential transmembrane segments. homologous genes can be identified in many species; however, their function is yet to be elucidated. disruption of phg1 caused a selecti ... | 2000 | 10944536 |
| escherichia coli k1 asla contributes to invasion of brain microvascular endothelial cells in vitro and in vivo. | neonatal escherichia coli meningitis remains a devastating disease, with unacceptably high morbidity and mortality despite advances in supportive care measures and bactericidal antibiotics. to further our ability to improve the outcome of affected neonates, a better understanding of the pathogenesis of the disease is necessary. to identify potential bacterial genes which contribute to e. coli invasion of the blood-brain barrier, a cerebrospinal fluid isolate of e. coli k1 was mutagenized with tn ... | 2000 | 10948126 |
| [antibiotic sensitivity of enterobacteria in intensive care units]. | antibiotic therapy of intensive care patients is usually undocumented. the treatment is chosen according to epidemiologic and susceptibility data from microbiological laboratories. the aim of our study is to determine antibiotic susceptibility of enterobacteria isolated from intensive care patients during a five-month multicenter study in 18 french hospitals. numerous (n = 1,113) strains were studied: 447 enterobacteria isolated from urine (n = 229), blood cultures (n = 106), respiratory tract s ... | 2000 | 10949846 |
| uree stimulation of gtp-dependent urease activation in the ured-uref-ureg-urease apoprotein complex. | the activation of metal-containing enzymes often requires the participation of accessory proteins whose roles are poorly understood. in the case of klebsiella aerogenes urease, a nickel-containing enzyme, metallocenter assembly requires ured, uref, and ureg acting as a protein chaperone complex and uree serving as a nickel metallochaperone. urease apoprotein within the ured-uref-ureg-urease apoprotein complex is activated to wild-type enzyme activity levels under physiologically relevant conditi ... | 2000 | 11015224 |
| nucleotide sequence of the chromosomal ampc gene of enterobacter aerogenes. | the ampc beta-lactamase gene and a small portion of the regulatory ampr sequence of enterobacter aerogenes 97b were cloned and sequenced. the beta-lactamase had an isoelectric point of 8 and conferred cephalosporin and cephamycin resistance on the host. the sequence of the cloned gene is most closely related to those of the ampc genes of e. cloacae and c. freundii. | 2000 | 11036041 |
| a 1998 survey of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in enterobacteriaceae in france. the french study group. | in a 3-month period in 1998, 79 consecutive isolates of enterobacteriaceae producing an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl) were collected. esbls were predominantly tem derivatives (74 of 79): tem-24-like (40 isolates), tem-3-like (29 isolates), tem-21 (3 isolates), and tem-4 and tem-52 (1 isolate each). four isolates produced shv derivatives shv-4 (three isolates) and shv-5 (one isolate), and one strain produced a ctx-m-3 enzyme. the high proportion of tem-24-like-producing enterobacter aer ... | 2000 | 11036046 |
| [spondylodiscitis caused by enterobacter aerogenes]. | | 2000 | 11036515 |
| [sensitivity to antibiotics of bacteria from nosocomial infections. evolution in resuscitation services of military hospitals]. | the aim of this study, conducted in the french military hospitals, was to monitor the course of the antimicrobial sensibility of bacteria isolated from nosocomial infection in intensive care units. | 2000 | 11045115 |
| succession of pelagic marine bacteria during enrichment: a close look at cultivation-induced shifts. | enrichment experiments with north sea bacterioplankton were performed to test if rapid incubation-induced changes in community structure explain the frequent isolation of members of a few particular bacterial lineages or if readily culturable bacteria are common in the plankton but in a state of dormancy. a metabolic inhibitor of cell division (nalidixic acid [na]) was added to substrate-amended (s+) and unamended (s-) grazer-free seawater samples, and shifts in community composition and per cel ... | 2000 | 11055904 |
| inorganic polyphosphate in vibrio cholerae: genetic, biochemical, and physiologic features. | vibrio cholerae o1, biotype el tor, accumulates inorganic polyphosphate (poly p) principally as large clusters of granules. poly p kinase (ppk), the enzyme that synthesizes poly p from atp, is encoded by the ppk gene, which has been cloned from v. cholerae, overexpressed, and knocked out by insertion-deletion mutagenesis. the predicted amino acid sequence of ppk is 701 residues (81.6 kda), with 64% identity to that of escherichia coli, which it resembles biochemically. as in e. coli, ppk is part ... | 2000 | 11073913 |
| outbreak of nosocomial multidrug-resistant enterobacter aerogenes in a geriatric unit: failure of isolation contact, analysis of risk factors, and use of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. | we describe herein an outbreak of enterobacter aerogenes in a geriatric acute unit with failure of contact isolation that necessitated the temporary closure of the department. we emphasize the need for guidelines for the management of multiresistant bacteria. | 2000 | 11083182 |
| cost-effective and rapid presumptive identification of gram-negative bacilli in routine urine, pus, and stool cultures: evaluation of the use of chromagar orientation medium in conjunction with simple biochemical tests. | the algorithm for a new identification system was designed on the basis of colony color and morphology on chromagar orientation medium in conjunction with simple biochemical tests such as indole (ind), lysine decarboxylase (ldc), and ornithine decarboxylase (odc) utilization tests with gram-negative bacilli isolated from urine samples as well as pus, stool, and other clinical specimens by the following colony characteristics, biochemical reactions, and serological results: pinkish to red, ind po ... | 2000 | 11101600 |
| drug resistance in bacteria isolated from a brazilian hospital. | bacteria commonly associated with cases of hospital infection were isolated from samples of food, from food handless, and from objects and surfaces from different places of a hospital in piracicaba, são paulo, brazil, and the resistance patterns to antibiotic of these strains of bacteria were evaluated. the resistance patterns of these bacteria showed a large variation, and a high frequency of resistance to ampicillin (60.9%), cephalothin (58.7%) and carbenicillin (52.2%) was observed. the frequ ... | 1998 | 11103021 |
| alternative pathways for siroheme synthesis in klebsiella aerogenes. | siroheme, the cofactor for sulfite and nitrite reductases, is formed by methylation, oxidation, and iron insertion into the tetrapyrrole uroporphyrinogen iii (uro-iii). the cysg protein performs all three steps of siroheme biosynthesis in the enteric bacteria escherichia coli and salmonella enterica. in either taxon, cysg mutants cannot reduce sulfite to sulfide and require a source of sulfide or cysteine for growth. in addition, cysg-mediated methylation of uro-iii is required for de novo synth ... | 2001 | 11114933 |
| methionine-to-cysteine recycling in klebsiella aerogenes. | in the enteric bacteria escherichia coli and salmonella enterica, sulfate is reduced to sulfide and assimilated into the amino acid cysteine; in turn, cysteine provides the sulfur atom for other sulfur-bearing molecules in the cell, including methionine. these organisms cannot use methionine as a sole source of sulfur. here we report that this constraint is not shared by many other enteric bacteria, which can use either cysteine or methionine as the sole source of sulfur. the enteric bacterium k ... | 2001 | 11114934 |
| changing pattern of antimicrobial susceptibility of organisms causing community acquired urinary tract infections. | to assess common organisms causing urinary treat infection (uti) in this community and to see antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of these isolates. | 2000 | 11126812 |
| role for outer membrane cytochromes omca and omcb of shewanella putrefaciens mr-1 in reduction of manganese dioxide. | shewanella putrefaciens mr-1 can use a wide variety of terminal electron acceptors for anaerobic respiration, including certain insoluble manganese and iron oxides. to examine whether the outer membrane (om) cytochromes of mr-1 play a role in mn(iv) and fe(iii) reduction, mutants lacking the om cytochrome omca or omcb were isolated by gene replacement. southern blotting and pcr confirmed replacement of the omca and omcb genes, respectively, and reverse transcription-pcr analysis demonstrated los ... | 2001 | 11133454 |
| antimicrobial properties of garlic oil against human enteric bacteria: evaluation of methodologies and comparisons with garlic oil sulfides and garlic powder. | the antimicrobial effects of aqueous garlic extracts are well established but those of garlic oil (go) are little known. methodologies for estimating the antimicrobial activity of go were assessed and go, go sulfide constituents, and garlic powder (gp) were compared in tests against human enteric bacteria. test methodologies were identified as capable of producing underestimates of go activity. antimicrobial activity was greater in media lacking tryptone or cysteine, suggesting that, as for alli ... | 2001 | 11133485 |
| urea utilization in the phototrophic bacterium rhodobacter capsulatus is regulated by the transcriptional activator ntrc. | the phototrophic nonsulfur purple bacterium rhodobacter capsulatus can use urea as a sole source of nitrogen. three transposon tn5-induced mutations (xan-9, xan-10, and xan-19), which led to a ure(-) phenotype, were mapped to the uref and urec genes, whereas two other tn5 insertions (xan-20 and xan-22) were located within the ntrc and ntrb genes, respectively. as in klebsiella aerogenes and other bacteria, the genes encoding urease (ureabc) and the genes required for assembly of the nickel metal ... | 2001 | 11133958 |
| antibiotic resistance and policy in belgium. | antibiotic resistance is increasing worldwide, also in belgium. a few examples to illustrate this problem: s. pneumoniae are becoming increasingly resistant to penicillin and erythromycin; resistance of s. pyogenes to erythromycin is increasing year-by-year; salmonella and campylobacter are becoming more and more resistant to the fluoroquinolones. in hospitals, the problem of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus appears to be decreasing, but two clones of ceftazidime-resistant enterobacte ... | 2000 | 11144690 |
| regulation of carbon and electron flow in clostridium butyricum vpi 3266 grown on glucose-glycerol mixtures. | the metabolism of clostridium butyricum was manipulated at ph 6.5 and in phosphate-limited chemostat culture by changing the overall degree of reduction of the substrate using mixtures of glucose and glycerol. cultures grown on glucose alone produced only acids (acetate, butyrate, and lactate) and a high level of hydrogen. in contrast, when glycerol was metabolized, 1,3-propanediol became the major product, the specific rate of acid formation decreased, and a low level of hydrogen was observed. ... | 2001 | 11160107 |
| the mtl genes and the mannitol-1-phosphate dehydrogenase from klebsiella pneumoniae kay2026. | the mtl operon of klebsiella pneumoniae kay2026 (formerly aerobacter aerogenes 1033-5p14) was shown to contain as the promoter-proximal gene mtla, encoding a d-mannitol-specific enzyme ii transporter (iicba(mtl)). this gene is followed by mtld, coding for a mannitol-1-phosphate dehydrogenase (mtld, 382 amino acid residues), and mtlr (mtlr, 195 amino acid residues) coding for a putative repressor, gene mtlr overlaps the termination codon of mtld. the dna and protein sequences are highly similar t ... | 2001 | 11164312 |
| intra- and inter-generic plasmid-mediated spread of cephalosporin and aminoglycoside resistance amongst klebsiella aerogenes k41 and other enterobacteria. | klebsiella aerogenes k41, resistant to third generation cephalosporins and aminoglycosides, was isolated from clinical samples of 153 in-patients. blood cultures accounted for 24 (15.7%) of isolates. the mic(90) of ceftazidime for the isolates of 84 patients was >512 mg/l and was reduced to 2.0 by 4 mg/l of clavulanic acid, but only to 64 by 4 mg/l of sulbactam. isolates of k. aerogenes k41 produced extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl) shv-5 and tem-1, identified by isoelectric focusing. plas ... | 2001 | 11165116 |
| tem-24 extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing enterobacter aerogenes: long-term clonal dissemination in french hospitals. | to investigate interstrain relatedness of tem-24-producing enterobacter aerogenes clinical strains isolated between 1993 and 1998 in 10 french hospitals from nine areas by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) and plasmid patterns. | 2000 | 11168140 |
| evaluation of the contribution of isolation precautions in prevention and control of multi-resistant bacteria in a teaching hospital. | from february 1999 to january 2000, a control programme to prevent the spread multi-resistant bacteria (mrb) was implemented in a french teaching hospital. this programme focused on methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) and enterobacteriaceae producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (esbl), and was based on the application of barrier precautions (washing hands with antiseptic soaps, wearing disposable gloves and gowns, identifying mrb carriers). no changes in antibiotic policy oc ... | 2001 | 11170775 |
| crystallization of full-length cysb of klebsiella aerogenes, a lysr-type transcriptional regulator. | cysb is a positive regulator of transcription of genes involved in cysteine biosynthesis in gram-negative bacteria and belongs to the large family of lysr-type transcriptional regulators. the full-length protein from klebsiella aerogenes has been crystallized from solutions containing peg 8000 in the presence and in the absence of the inducer n-acetylserine by the method of vapour diffusion in hanging drops. for the complexed protein different crystal forms appear in the same drops. | 2001 | 11173473 |
| [nosocomial enterobacter - sepsis in neonatal intensive care unit in pleven]. | at the recent years considerably increased the role of enterobacter spp as causes of nosocomial sepsis in different intensive units. it is determined of their possibilities to change quick antibiotic resistance especially to third generation cephalosporins and wide insemination of the environment. during the period from 29.10.1997 to 30.12.1997 in neonatal intensive care unit--pleven have been registered 9 cases of nosocomial sepsis caused by enterobacter aerogenes. the clinic picture run with s ... | 2000 | 11187988 |
| synthesis of novel heterobranched beta-cyclodextrins from alpha-d-mannosylmaltotriose and beta-cyclodextrin by the reverse action of pullulanase, and isolation and characterization of the products. | alpha-d-mannosyl-maltotriose (man-g3) were synthesized from methyl alpha-mannoside and maltotriose by the transfer action of alpha-mannosidase. (man-g3)-betacd and (man-g3)2-betacd were produced in about 20% and 4% yield, respectively when aerobacter aerogenes pullulanase (160 units per 1 g of man-g3) was incubated with the mixture of 1.6 m man-g3 and 0.16 m betacd at 50 degrees c for 4 days. the reaction products, (man-g3)-betacd were separated to three peaks by hplc analysis on a ymc-pack a-32 ... | 2000 | 11193409 |
| quantification and variability analysis of bacterial cross-contamination rates in common food service tasks. | this study investigated bacterial transfer rates between hands and other common surfaces involved in food preparation in the kitchen. nalidixic acid-resistant enterobacter aerogenes b199a was used as a surrogate microorganism to follow the cross-contamination events. samples from at least 30 different participants were collected to determine the statistical distribution of each cross-contamination rate and to quantify the natural variability associated with that rate. the transfer rates among ha ... | 2001 | 11198444 |
| antimicrobial activities of ferulago essential oils. | essential oils from ferulago asparagifolia boiss., f. galbanifera (miller) w. koch, f. humilis boiss. (endemic), f. trachycarpa boiss. growing in turkey were evaluated against 15 microorganisms for their antifungal and antibacterial activity using an agar tube dilution and microdilution broth susceptibility assay, respectively. the essential oil compositions were investigated by gc/ms. inhibitory effects against escherichia coli, enterobacter aerogenes, candida albicans, gaeumannomyces graminis ... | 2000 | 11204191 |
| [comparative antibacterial activity of cefotaxime, ceftazidime and cefepime with regard to different strains of enterobacter aerogenes selected for their resistance to third generation cephalosporins]. | after being confronted with the isolation in our laboratory of numerous antibiotic-multiresistant enterobacter aerogenes strains, we studied the in vitro antimicrobial activity of cefotaxime, ceftazidime, and cefepime alone or in association with sulbactam. for that, we selected 67 isolates according to their low level of susceptibility to cefotaxime. first, we deduced from a synergy test in presence of clavulanic acid and cloxacillin the production of an extended spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl) ... | 2000 | 11204925 |
| molecular characterization of global regulatory rna species that control pathogenicity factors in erwinia amylovora and erwinia herbicola pv. gypsophilae. | rsmb(ecc) specifies a nontranslatable rna regulator that controls exoprotein production and pathogenicity in soft rot-causing erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora. this effect of rsmb(ecc) rna is mediated mostly by neutralizing the function of rsma(ecc), an rna-binding protein of e. carotovora subsp. carotovora, which acts as a global negative regulator. to determine the occurrence of functional homologs of rsmb(ecc) in non-soft-rot-causing erwinia species, we cloned the rsmb genes of e. amylovo ... | 2001 | 11222584 |
| specific growth rate plays a critical role in hydrogen peroxide resistance of the marine oligotrophic ultramicrobacterium sphingomonas alaskensis strain rb2256. | the marine oligotrophic ultramicrobacterium sphingomonas alaskensis rb2256 has a physiology that is distinctly different from that of typical copiotrophic marine bacteria, such as vibrio angustum s14. this includes a high level of inherent stress resistance and the absence of starvation-induced stress resistance to hydrogen peroxide. in addition to periods of starvation in the ocean, slow, nutrient-limited growth is likely to be encountered by oligotrophic bacteria for substantial periods of tim ... | 2001 | 11229924 |
| national epidemiologic surveys of enterobacter aerogenes in belgian hospitals from 1996 to 1998. | two national surveys were conducted to describe the incidence and prevalence of enterobacter aerogenes in 21 belgian hospitals in 1996 and 1997 and to characterize the genotypic diversity and the antimicrobial resistance profiles of clinical strains of e. aerogenes isolated from hospitalized patients in belgium in 1997 and 1998. twenty-nine hospitals collected 10 isolates of e. aerogenes, which were typed by arbitrarily primed pcr (ap-pcr) using two primers and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. ... | 2001 | 11230400 |
| antimicrobial activity of honokiol and magnolol isolated from magnolia officinalis. | the antimicrobial activity of honokiol and magnolol, the main constituents of magnolia officinalis was investigated. the antimicrobial activity was assayed by the agar dilution method using brain heart infusion medium and the minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) were determined for each compound using a twofold serial dilution assay. the results showed that honokiol and magnolol have a marked antimicrobial effect (mic = 25 microg/ml) against actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, porphyromonas ... | 2001 | 11268114 |
| growth inhibition caused by overexpression of the structural gene for glutamate dehydrogenase (gdha) from klebsiella aerogenes. | two linked mutations affecting glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh) formation (gdh-1 and rev-2) had been isolated at a locus near the trp cluster in klebsiella aerogenes. the properties of these two mutations were consistent with those of a locus containing either a regulatory gene or a structural gene. the gdha gene from k. aerogenes was cloned and sequenced, and an insertion mutation was generated and shown to be linked to trp. a region of gdha from a strain bearing gdh-1 was sequenced and shown to h ... | 2001 | 11274137 |
| functional characterisation of urease accessory protein g (ureg) from potato. | the activation of the nickel metalloenzyme urease is a complex process. in bacteria, several urease accessory proteins are essential for incorporation of nickel into the active centre of urease. comparatively little is known about the activation process and the proteins involved in plants. we cloned five different cdnas encoding isoforms of urease accessory protein g (ureg) in potato. the 5'-coding region of these cdnas is highly polymorphic within solanum tuberosum ssp. tuberosum, containing ma ... | 2001 | 11289508 |
| cloning and characterisation of male in burkholderia pseudomallei. | no recombinant protein is available for serodiagnosis or skin test in the diagnosis of melioidosis. this report describes the cloning of the male gene, which encodes an immunogenic protein of burkholderia pseudomallei. bi-directional dna sequencing of male revealed that the gene contained a single open reading frame encoding 416 amino acid residues with a predicted molecular mass of 44.4 kda. blast analysis showed that the putative protein encoded by male is homologous to the maltose-binding pro ... | 2001 | 11289518 |
| isolation and insecticidal effects of some bacteria from euproctis chrysorrhoea l. (lepidoptera: lymantriidae). | in this study, we investigated the bacterial pathogens of euproctis chrysorrhoea and tested for their insecticidal activities. based on colony color and morphology, four isolates were determined. according to morphological, physiological and biochemical characters of the isolates, they were identified as enterobacter aerogenes, lactobacillus sp., bacillus thuringiensis and micrococcus luteus. the insecticidal effects of these bacterial isolates on third-fourth instar larvae of euproctis chrysorr ... | 2000 | 11293654 |
| h(2)o(2) produced by viridans group streptococci may contribute to inhibition of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus colonization of oral cavities in newborns. | in an accompanying report, we showed that viridans group streptococci may prevent methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) colonization of the oral cavities of newborns. in the present study, we investigated the mechanism of prevention in vitro. most viridans group streptococci had bacteriocin-like activity and killed mrsa, burkholderia cepacia, enterobacter aerogenes, and pseudomonas aeruginosa; however, escherichia coli, enterobacter cloacae, and candida albicans were resistant. the ... | 2001 | 11317240 |
| evidence of in vivo transfer of a plasmid encoding the extended-spectrum beta-lactamase tem-24 and other resistance factors among different members of the family enterobacteriaceae. | the epidemiological study of several multidrug-resistant enterobacteriaceae isolated from five patients demonstrated in vivo dissemination of a 100-kb plasmid encoding the extended-spectrum beta-lactamase tem-24 from a clonal strain of enterobacter aerogenes to different strains of klebsiella pneumoniae, escherichia coli, proteus vulgaris, proteus mirabilis, and serratia marcescens. | 2001 | 11326030 |
| in vitro activities of ertapenem (mk-0826) against recent clinical bacteria collected in europe and australia. | ertapenem (mk-0826, l-749,345) is a 1-beta-methyl carbapenem with a long serum half-life. its in vitro activity was determined by broth microdilution against 3,478 bacteria from 12 centers in europe and australia, with imipenem, cefepime, ceftriaxone, and piperacillin-tazobactam used as comparators. ertapenem was the most active agent tested against members of the family enterobacteriaceae, with mics at which 90% of isolates are inhibited (mic(90)s) of < or =1 microg/ml for all species. ertapene ... | 2001 | 11353638 |
| changes in the disintegration properties of some brands of paracetamol tablets inoculated with four bacterial species. | four most common brands of paracetamol (4-aceta-midophenol) tablets were examined for the changes in their disintegration properties after inoculation with staphylococcus aureus, bacillus cereus, klebsiella aerogenes and pseudomonas aeruginosa and incubating for 5 weeks. the disintegration times varied from one brand to the other, reaching maximum values of 72 min., 82 min., 110 min. and 120 min. for s. aureus, b. cereus, p. aeruginosa and klebsiella aerogenes, respectively. all brands of parace ... | 2001 | 11370281 |
| coexistence of shv-4- and tem-24-producing enterobacter aerogenes strains before a large outbreak of tem-24-producing strains in a french hospital. | in 1996, a monitoring program was initiated at the teaching hospital of amiens, france, and carried out for 3 years. all extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl)-producing enterobacter aerogenes isolates recovered from clinical specimens were collected for investigation of their epidemiological relatedness by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus pcr (eric-pcr) and determination of the type of esbl harbored by isoelectric focusing and dna sequencing. ... | 2001 | 11376055 |
| phenotypic variability of beta-glucoside utilization and its correlation to pathogenesis process in a few enteric bacteria. | utilization of beta-glucosides is markedly variable in the members of the family enterobacteriaceae. the results presented here provide molecular clues for evolutionary events that resulted in the phenotypic variability seen amongst the members of these species. the genomic hybridization of selected enterobacteriaceae members with the escherichia coli bgl and cel genes resulted in detection of a complete homolog of the bgl and cel operons in shigella sonnei, a member that is evolutionarily close ... | 2001 | 11377874 |
| efficiency of cefepime in postoperative meningitis attributable to enterobacter aerogenes. | | 2001 | 11379596 |
| glove barriers to bacterial cross-contamination between hands to food. | human hands are an important source of microbial contamination of foods. however, published data on the effectiveness of handwashing and glove use in a foodservice setting are limited. bacterial transfer through foodservice quality gloves was quantified using nalidixic acid-resistant enterobacter aerogenes (a nonpathogenic surrogate with attachment characteristics similar to salmonella). five transfer rates were determined: chicken to bare hand, chicken to hand through gloves, bare hand to lettu ... | 2001 | 11403136 |
| [isolation and characterization of injured coliforms from the drinking water distribution network of la plata, argentina]. | we screened the la plata drinking water distribution network for fecal and total coliform bacterial indicator by purification procedures, cultivating 66 membrane-filtered samples from the two networks on m-t7 agar. subterranean and river-derived water yielded 13 and 18 confirmed gram-negative bacillus isolates, with 54% and 72% representing total coliforms, respectively. those from the former source were klebsiella oxytoca, enterobacter agglomerans, and enterobacter aerogenes and from the latter ... | 2001 | 11407022 |
| phylogenetic analyses of klebsiella species delineate klebsiella and raoultella gen. nov., with description of raoultella ornithinolytica comb. nov., raoultella terrigena comb. nov. and raoultella planticola comb. nov. | the phylogenetic relationships of the type strains of 9 klebsiella species and 20 species from 11 genera of the family enterobacteriaceae were investigated by performing a comparative analysis of the sequences of the 16s rrna and rpob genes. the sequence data were phylogenetically analysed by the neighbourjoining and parsimony methods. the phylogenetic inference of the sequence comparison confirmed that the genus klebsiella is heterogeneous and composed of species which form three clusters that ... | 2001 | 11411716 |
| two-dimensional electrophoresis and peptide mass fingerprinting of bacterial outer membrane proteins. | many bacterial outer membrane proteins (omps) are missing from two-dimensional (2-d) gel proteome maps. recently, we developed a technique for 2-d electrophoresis (2-de) of escherichia coli omps using alkaline ph incubation for isolation of omps, followed by improved solubilization conditions for array by 2-de using immobilized ph gradients. in this report, we expanded our study, examining protein components from the outer membranes of two enteric bacteria, salmonella typhimurium and klebsiella ... | 2001 | 11425224 |
| comparative in vitro activity of gemifloxacin, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin and ofloxacin in a north american surveillance study. | the in vitro activity of gemifloxacin, a new fluoroquinolone, was compared to three marketed fluoroquinolones; ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin and ofloxacin against over 4,000 recent clinical isolates covering 29 species isolated in the united states and canada between 1997-1999. based on mic(90)s, gemifloxacin was the most potent fluoroquinolone tested against a majority of gram-positive isolates: streptococcus pneumoniae, penicillin resistant s. pneumoniae, macrolide resistant s. pneumoniae, cipro ... | 2001 | 11448564 |
| a new mechanism of antibiotic resistance in enterobacteriaceae induced by a structural modification of the major porin. | in enterobacter aerogenes, multidrug resistance involves a decrease in outer membrane permeability associated with changes in an as yet uncharacterized porin. we purified the major porin from the wild-type strain and a resistant strain. we characterized this porin, which was found to be an ompc/ompf-like protein and analysed its pore-forming properties in lipid bilayers. the porin from the resistant strain was compared with the wild-type protein and we observed (i) that its single-channel conduc ... | 2001 | 11454211 |
| oxidation of phenolate siderophores by the multicopper oxidase encoded by the escherichia coli yack gene. | a gene (yack) encoding a putative multicopper oxidase (mco) was cloned from escherichia coli, and the expressed enzyme was demonstrated to exhibit phenoloxidase and ferroxidase activities. the purified protein contained six copper atoms per polypeptide chain and displayed optical and electron paramagnetic resonance (epr) spectra consistent with the presence of type 1, type 2, and type 3 copper centers. the strong optical a(610) (e(610) = 10,890 m(-1) cm(-1)) and copper stoichiometry were taken a ... | 2001 | 11466290 |
| resistance to antibiotics in injured coliforms isolated from drinking water. | we studied the antibiotic sensitivity of injured coliforms isolated from drinking water of la plata, argentina. the antibiotic sensitivity test by the agar diffusion method were proved in: klebsiella oxytoca (14 strains), enterobacter aerogenes (4 strains) and enterobacter cloacae genomic group 3 (14 strains). we found that while these impaired total coliforms were sensitive to piperacillin-tazobactam (taz), netilmicin (ntl), ofloxacin (oflx), and norfloxacin (nflx) (100%), they had resistant to ... | 2001 | 11471826 |
| uv raman spectral intensities of e. coli and other bacteria excited at 228.9, 244.0, and 248.2 nm. | resonance raman spectral intensities per average bacterial cell have been measured quantitatively for gram-negative escherichia coli, citrobacter freundii, and enterobacter aerogenes, as well as gram-positive bacillus subtilis and staphylococcus epidermidis. spectra have been obtained from cultures in the lag, log, and stationary growth phases excited in turn by 228.9, 244.0, and 248.2 nm light. although raman spectral peak positions (cm(-1)) excited by a given wavelength are very similar for al ... | 2001 | 11476245 |
| etiologies of the urinary tract infections in a yemeni city. | to determine the causative agents of urinary tract infection in yemeni patients in sana'a city, and to determine the antibiotic susceptibilities of these agents in vitro. | 2001 | 11479641 |
| multiple organ failure in septic patients. | multiple organ failure (mof) is the main cause of death in icus, especially affecting septic patients. it is strongly related to number of systems with failure, type of system involved, risk factors such as age, previous chronic diseases, delayed or inadequate resuscitation, persistent infection, immune suppression, and others. the prognoses is worse for patients rather than in elective or emergency surgical patients. the objective of this article is to provide data from our university teaching ... | 2001 | 11506772 |