| crystal structure of the cytomegalovirus dna polymerase subunit ul44 in complex with the c terminus from the catalytic subunit. differences in structure and function relative to unliganded ul44. | the human cytomegalovirus dna polymerase is composed of a catalytic subunit, ul54, and an accessory protein, ul44, which has a structural fold similar to that of other processivity factors, including herpes simplex virus ul42 and homotrimeric sliding clamps such as proliferating cell nuclear antigen. several specific residues in the c-terminal region of ul54 and in the "connector loop" of ul44 are required for the association of these proteins. here, we describe the crystal structure of residues ... | 2006 | 16371349 |
| a novel strategy to identify the regulatory dna-organized cooperations among transcription factors. | to identify the functional contributions of cooperations among transcription factors on regulatory dna is critical for understanding transcription activation. but so far there is a great lack of effective identifying methods. here we describe a novel strategy, based on comprehensively perturbed experiments and a computational model, to identify the cooperations among nf-kappab (p65), creb, and ap-1 in transcription activation of human cytomegalovirus major ie1 promoter/enhancer (miep). in this s ... | 2006 | 16376876 |
| expansion of cd94/nkg2c+ nk cells in response to human cytomegalovirus-infected fibroblasts. | cd94/nkg2c(+) natural killer (nk) cells are increased in healthy individuals infected with human cytomegalovirus (hcmv), suggesting that hcmv infection may shape the nk cell receptor repertoire. to address this question, we analyzed the distribution of nk cell subsets in peripheral blood lymphocytes (pbls) cocultured with hcmv-infected fibroblasts. a substantial increase of nk cells was detected by day 10 in samples from a group of hcmv(+) donors, and cd94/nkg2c(+) cells outnumbered the cd94/nkg ... | 2006 | 16384928 |
| activation of b cells using schneider 2 cells expressing cd40 ligand for the enhancement of antigen presentation in vitro. | cd40 ligand (cd40l) expressed by activated cd4+ t cells is a family member of membrane bound tnf family ligand and its interaction with cd40 expressed in apc has been shown to contribute in enhancing immune response. exogenous stimulation through cd40 has been performed using soluble trimeric cd40l, anti-cd40 monoclonal antibody and cells expressing cd40l. schneider 2 (s2) cells, a cell line derived from drosophila melanogaster, was transfected with a plasmid vector, pac5.1/v5-hisa, for the cons ... | 2005 | 16391518 |
| failure to genotype human cytomegalovirus by pcr-rflp method due to sequence variation within the primer binding site. | polymerase chain reaction-based restriction fragment length polymorphism (pcr-rflp) is one of the rapid methods for genotyping human cytomegalovirus (hcmv). when genotyping clinical samples by a sensitive nested pcr-based rflp method for the glycoprotein b (gb) gene of hcmv, it was found that some of the clinical specimens did not give an amplification signal. analysis of the prototype sequences of the different genotypes showed base pair mismatches over the primer binding site. an alternative a ... | 2006 | 16417928 |
| autoreactivity of primary human immunoglobulins ancestral to hypermutated human antibodies that neutralize hcmv. | the human antibody response to the ad-2s1 epitope of glycoprotein b (gb) of human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) is dominated by a family of closely related somatically mutated antibodies. these antibodies neutralize viral infectivity and the genes encoding them are derived from two commonly used germ-line variable (v) region genes, ighv3-30 and igkv3-11. recombination of these v genes with the appropriate junctional diversity generates genes that encode primary immunoglobulins that bind to ad-2s1. to f ... | 2006 | 16423397 |
| engineered external guide sequences are highly effective in inducing rnase p for inhibition of gene expression and replication of human cytomegalovirus. | external guide sequences (egss), which are rna molecules derived from natural trnas, bind to a target mrna and render the mrna susceptible to hydrolysis by rnase p, a trna processing enzyme. using an in vitro selection procedure, we have previously generated egs variants that efficiently direct human rnase p to cleave a target mrna in vitro. in this study, a variant was used to target the overlapping region of the mrnas encoding human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) essential transcription regulatory fac ... | 2006 | 16432261 |
| synthesis and antiviral activity of some 2-substituted 3-formyl- and 3-cyano-5,6-dichloroindole nucleosides. | a series of dichlorinated indole nucleosides has been synthesized and tested for activity against human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) and herpes simplex virus type-1 (hsv-1) and for cytotoxicity. the isopropylidene-protected analogs of the previously reported 3-formyl-2,5,6-trichloro-1-(beta-dribofuranosyl)indole (ftcri) and 3-cyano-2,5, 6-trichloro-1-(beta-d-ribofuranosyl)indole (ctcri) were modified by nucleophilic displacement of the 2-chloro substituent using secondary amines. deprotection of the i ... | 2005 | 16438038 |
| the polymer-supported and combinatorial synthesis of beta-lactam compounds: an update. | solid-phase organic synthesis (spos) has become an effective synthetic tool for the preparation of combinatorial libraries of non-oligomeric small molecules. owing to their high efficacy and extremely safe toxicological profile, beta-lactam antibiotics are the first choice for bacterial infectious diseases. moreover, beta-lactam compounds have also showed other biological activities that include inhibition of prostate specific antigen, thrombin, human cytomegalovirus protein, human leukocyte ela ... | 2006 | 16457635 |
| detection and quantification of herpesviruses in kostmann syndrome periodontitis using real-time polymerase chain reaction: a case report. | kostmann syndrome, or severe congenital neutropenia, is an autosomal recessive disease of neutrophil production and is associated with severe periodontal pathology. the aim of this study was to determine whether human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) and epstein-barr virus (ebv) contribute to the pathogenesis of kostmann syndrome periodontitis. | 2006 | 16476015 |
| does cytomegalovirus play a causative role in the development of various inflammatory diseases and cancer? | human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) is a herpes virus that infects and is carried by 70-100% of the world's population. during its evolution, this virus has developed mechanisms that allow it to survive in an immunocompetent host. for many years, hcmv was not considered to be a major human pathogen, as it appeared to cause only rare cases of hcmv inclusion disease in neonates. however, hcmv is poorly adapted for survival in the immunosuppressed host and has emerged as an important human pathogen in aid ... | 2006 | 16476101 |
| human herpesvirus 7 u47 gene products are glycoproteins expressed in virions and associate with glycoprotein h. | the function of the human herpesvirus 7 (hhv-7) u47 gene, which is a positional homologue of the genes encoding glycoprotein o (go) in human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) and human herpesvirus 6 (hhv-6), was analysed. a monoclonal antibody (mab) against the u47 gene product reacted in immunoblots with proteins migrating at 49 and 51 kda in lysates of hhv-7-infected cells and with 49 and 51 kda proteins in partially purified virions. digestion of the 49 and 51 kda proteins with endoglycosidase h and pep ... | 2006 | 16476971 |
| selective anti-cytomegalovirus compounds discovered by screening for inhibitors of subunit interactions of the viral polymerase. | better drugs are needed against human cytomegalovirus (hcmv), a pathogen responsible for severe diseases in immunocompromised hosts and newborn children. we investigated whether selective inhibitors of hcmv replication could be discovered by screening for compounds that disrupt the interaction between the accessory subunit of the viral dna polymerase, ul44, and the c-terminal 22 residues of the catalytic subunit. from approximately 50,000 small molecules, we identified 5 structurally diverse com ... | 2006 | 16492567 |
| rna-binding of the human cytomegalovirus transactivator protein ul69, mediated by arginine-rich motifs, is not required for nuclear export of unspliced rna. | the human cytomegalovirus protein pul69 belongs to a family of regulatory factors that is conserved within the herpesviridae and includes the proteins icp27 of herpes simplex virus type 1 and eb2 of epstein-barr virus. icp27 and eb2 have been shown to facilitate the nuclear export of viral mrnas via interacting with the cellular mrna export factor ref. furthermore, direct rna-binding of these proteins was found to be essential for their stimulating effects on mrna export. recently, we demonstrat ... | 2006 | 16500893 |
| interactions among four proteins encoded by the human cytomegalovirus ul112-113 region regulate their intranuclear targeting and the recruitment of ul44 to prereplication foci. | four phosphoproteins, of 34, 43, 50, and 84 kda, with common amino termini are synthesized via alternative splicing from the ul112-113 region of the human cytomegalovirus genome. although genetic studies provided evidence that both the ul112 and ul113 loci in the viral genome are required for efficient viral replication, whether the four proteins play specific roles or cooperate in replication is not understood. here we present evidence, using in vitro and in vivo coimmunoprecipitation assays, t ... | 2006 | 16501081 |
| human cytomegalovirus infection and t cell immunosenescence: a mini review. | the mammalian immune system defends the organism against pathogens, and possibly cancer, but is known to become dysregulated with increasing age. this results in greater morbidity and mortality due to infectious disease in old people. the most important changes occur in t cell immunity, manifested sometimes dramatically as altered clonal expansions of cells of limited antigen specificity and a marked shrinkage of the t cell antigen receptor repertoire. at the same time, it was independently repo ... | 2006 | 16513159 |
| in vivo expression of the antimicrobial defensin and lactoferrin proteins allowed by the strategic insertion of introns adequately spliced. | a major limitation of conventional shuttle expression system, when cloning a bactericidal gene, is the basal expression level in bacteria, which is lethal. although the expression level is low, the bactericidal feature inherent to the molecule leads to subsequent failure to recover intact transformants when the related gene is cloned into a conventional expression vector. contrary to popular belief, the human cytomegalovirus immediate-early region 1 promoter (cmv), which is to date one of the mo ... | 2006 | 16516411 |
| otosclerosis--do we have a viral aetiology? | the etiology of otosclerosis remains an enigma though there are evidences suggesting a viral involvement. this study aimed to find out the relationship between viral infections and otosclerosis. twenty two patients with otosclerosis and 10 healthy controls were included in the study. igm antibodies to varicella zoster virus (vzv), measles, rubella, human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) and herpes simplex virus (hsv) were detected using micro elisa. paul bunnel davidsohn test was performed to rule out ebs ... | 2005 | 16519080 |
| characterization and immunological analysis of the rhesus cytomegalovirus homologue (rh112) of the human cytomegalovirus ul83 lower matrix phosphoprotein (pp65). | rhesus cytomegalovirus (rhcmv) contains two open reading frames (rh111 and rh112) that encode proteins homologous to the phosphoprotein 65 (pp65) of the human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) ul83 gene. as hcmv pp65 elicits protective immune responses in infected humans and represents an important vaccination target, one rhcmv homologue of hcmv pp65, pp65-2 (rh112), was characterized and analysed for its ability to induce host immune responses. similar to its hcmv counterpart, rhcmv pp65-2 was expressed a ... | 2006 | 16528025 |
| flow cytometric analysis of virus-specific t lymphocytes: practicability of detection of hcmv-specific t lymphocytes in whole blood in patients after stem cell transplantation. | the detection and quantification of specific t lymphocytes against human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) has proven an important laboratory marker in the monitoring of patients after stem cell transplantation (sct). in these patients hcmv infections may cause severe disease and death. however, the determination of hcmv-specific t lymphocytes may be limited by lymphopenia occurring after transplantation. we evaluated a commercial test kit for the reliable determination of hcmv-specific t lymphocyte develo ... | 2006 | 16530782 |
| developments in antiviral drug design, discovery and development in 2004. | this article summarizes key aspects of progress made during 2004 toward the design, discovery and development of antiviral agents for clinical use. important developments in the identification, characterization and clinical utility of inhibitors of human immunodeficiency virus; the hepatitis viruses, hepatitis b, hepatitis c; the herpes family of viruses, herpes simplex viruses 1 and 2, varicella zoster virus, epstein-barr virus and human cytomegalovirus; the respiratory viruses, influenza, resp ... | 2005 | 16535860 |
| synthesis and antiviral evaluation of alkoxyalkyl derivatives of 9-(s)-(3-hydroxy-2-phosphonomethoxypropyl)adenine against cytomegalovirus and orthopoxviruses. | 9-(s)-(3-hydroxy-2-phosphonomethoxypropyl)adenine [(s)-hpmpa] was one of the first acyclic nucleoside phosphonates described and has been reported to have good antiviral activity against most double-stranded dna viruses, including the herpes group viruses and the orthopoxviruses. however, (s)-hpmpa is not orally bioavailable and has not been developed for clinical use. we have prepared orally bioavailable lipid esters of (s)-hpmpa and report their synthesis and antiviral evaluation against cytom ... | 2006 | 16539388 |
| the human cytomegalovirus glycoprotein ul16 traffics through the plasma membrane and the nuclear envelope. | the human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) ul16 gene encodes a glycoprotein that interferes with the immune response to the virus-infected cell. in vitro, ul16 interacts with micb and ulbps that are ligands for the stimulatory receptor nkg2d, expressed on nk cells and cd8(+)t cells. ul16 expression has been shown to promote intracellular accumulation of micb, ulbp1 and 2 and thus, interfere with the immune response to hcmv-infected cells. the mechanism that has been suggested for ul16-mediated micb downmo ... | 2006 | 16548884 |
| human cytomegalovirus ul27 is not required for viral replication in human tissue implanted in scid mice. | inhibition of the human cytomegalovirus ul97 kinase by maribavir is thought to be responsible for the antiviral activity of this compound. some mutations that confer resistance to maribavir map to ul97, however additional mutations that also confer resistance to the drug were mapped to ul27. these open reading frames share a low level of homology, yet the function of pul27 remains unknown. a recombinant virus with a deletion in the ul27 open reading frame was reported previously to exhibit a sli ... | 2006 | 16571131 |
| inhibition of cellular dna synthesis by the human cytomegalovirus ie86 protein is necessary for efficient virus replication. | human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) expresses several proteins that manipulate normal cellular functions, including cellular transcription, apoptosis, immune response, and cell cycle control. the ie2 gene, which is expressed from the hcmv major immediate-early (mie) promoter, encodes the ie86 protein. ie86 is a multifunctional protein that is essential for viral replication. the functions of ie86 include transactivation of cellular and viral early genes, negative autoregulation of the mie promoter, ind ... | 2006 | 16571804 |
| cytomegalovirus infection in burns: a review. | sepsis is responsible for significant morbidity and mortality in patients suffering from severe burn injuries. burn patients are known to be immunocompromised, and it is generally accepted that the immunosuppressed patient may experience human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) infection and disease. review of the very limited available literature identifies a seroconversion rate of between 18 and 22% for burn patients who were seronegative for hcmv prior to suffering their burn injury. furthermore, approxi ... | 2006 | 16585632 |
| protection capability of recombinant plasmid dna vaccine containing vp2 gene of very virulent infectious bursal disease virus in chickens adjuvanted with cpg oligodeoxynucleotide. | in the present study the efficacy of recombinant plasmids dna vaccine encoding vp2 gene of very virulent strain of infectious bursal disease virus (vvibdv) isolated from pakistan was investigated with or without coadministration of cytocine-phosphate-guanine oligodeoxynucleotide (cpg odn) to protect the chickens against the disease. vp2 gene of vvibdv was successfully amplified by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) and was cloned into eukaryotic expression plasmid vector, w ... | 2006 | 16600440 |
| role of the cellular protein hdaxx in human cytomegalovirus immediate-early gene expression. | human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) immediate-early (ie) transcription is stimulated by virion phosphoprotein pp71, the product of gene ul82. it has previously been shown that pp71 interacts with the cellular protein hdaxx and, in the studies presented here, the significance of this interaction was investigated for hcmv ie gene expression. in co-transfection experiments, the presence of hdaxx increased the transcriptional response of the hcmv major ie promoter (miep) to pp71, but it was not possible to ... | 2006 | 16603511 |
| human cytomegalovirus infection elicits a glycoprotein m (gm)/gn-specific virus-neutralizing antibody response. | human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) is a ubiquitous human pathogen that infects 40 to 90% of adult human populations. hcmv infections are often asymptomatic in healthy individuals but can cause severe organ and life-threatening disease in immunocompromised patients. the antiviral antibody response to hcmv infection is complex and is known to include virus-neutralizing antibody production against surface glycoproteins encoded by hcmv. we have investigated the human antibody response to a complex of hcmv ... | 2006 | 16611919 |
| [human cytomegalovirus in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation]. | | 2006 | 16615519 |
| [development of drug-resistant human cytomegalovirus]. | | 2006 | 16615525 |
| [polymorphisms of hcmv us28 gene of the clinical isolates from children]. | to study the polymorphism of human cytomegalovirus us28 gene in children and investigate the relationship between the polymorphism and pathogenesis. | 2006 | 16642212 |
| antiviral properties of new arylsulfone derivatives with activity against human betaherpesviruses. | based on our previous experience with arylsulfone derivatives displaying antiherpetic activity, we synthesized several analogues in which the sulfonyl group is part of a bicyclic structure. the benzene-fused derivative 2h-3-(4-chlorophenyl)-3,4-dihydro-1,4-benzo-thiazine-2-carbonitrile 1,1-dioxide and its thiophene-fused analogue were shown to have favorable activity and selectivity against the betaherpesviruses human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) and human herpesvirus 6 (hhv-6) and 7 (hhv-7). the benz ... | 2006 | 16650489 |
| kinetics of us28 gene expression during active human cytomegalovirus infection in lung-transplant recipients. | targeting viral proteins early during infection may limit exacerbation of human cytomegalovirus infection. the viral chemokine-receptor homologue us28 interferes with leukocyte trafficking and, possibly, viral replication. because us28 molecules are abundant on the surface of infected cells, this homologue is a potential target for antiviral therapy. to assess the relationship between us28 and disease activity, we measured, by quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction, the lev ... | 2006 | 16652284 |
| polymorphisms in the genes encoding chemokine receptor 5, interleukin-10, and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 contribute to cytomegalovirus reactivation and disease after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. | we analyzed 90 polymorphisms in 17 genes related to immune function for association with human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) reactivation and disease in patients after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. we found relevant markers (i) in ccr5 and il-10 genes conferring a higher risk for the development of hcmv disease and (ii) in the mcp1 gene associated with hcmv reactivation. testing of high-risk patients for the presence of these single-nucleotide polymorphisms might be useful for individualizing a ... | 2006 | 16672419 |
| deletion of open reading frame ul26 from the human cytomegalovirus genome results in reduced viral growth, which involves impaired stability of viral particles. | we previously showed that open reading frame (orf) ul26 of human cytomegalovirus, a member of the us22 multigene family of betaherpesviruses, encodes a novel tegument protein, which is imported into cells in the course of viral infection. moreover, we demonstrated that pul26 contains a strong transcriptional activation domain and is capable of stimulating the major immediate-early (ie) enhancer-promoter. since this suggested an important function of pul26 during the initiation of the viral repli ... | 2006 | 16699023 |
| cmv dna detection in dried blood spots for diagnosing congenital cmv infection in japan. | human cytomegalovirus (cmv) is a leading congenital infectious agent in developed countries. in the past, the incidence of congenital infection has been rather low in japan because a high seroprevalence of cmv present in young women. however, this seroprevalence has been decreasing in recent years, so that the incidence of congenital cmv infection in japanese neonates may increase and approach the level seen in other developed countries. the method was used for detecting cmv dna reported by barb ... | 2006 | 16721859 |
| adenoviral vectors encoding tumor necrosis factor-alpha and fasl induce apoptosis of normal and tumoral anterior pituitary cells. | our previous work showed that tumor necrosis factor (tnf)-alpha and fasl induce apoptosis of anterior pituitary cells. to further analyze the effect of these proapoptotic factors, we infected primary cultures from rat anterior pituitary, gh3 and att20 cells with first-generation adenoviral vectors encoding tnf-alpha, fasl or, as a control, beta-galactosidase (beta-gal), under the control of the human cytomegalovirus promoter. successful expression of the encoded transgenes was determined by immu ... | 2006 | 16731798 |
| human cytomegalovirus infection is associated with increased proportions of nk cells that express the cd94/nkg2c receptor in aviremic hiv-1-positive patients. | in healthy blood donors, serological positivity for human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) is associated with an increased proportion of nk cells bearing the cd94/nkg2c nk cell receptor (nkr). the expression of the activating cd94/nkg2c nkr and of the inhibitory cd94/nkg2a nkr was studied in a cohort of 45 aviremic human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1)-positive patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy. the proportions of nkg2c+ nk cells were significantly increased in hiv-1-positive p ... | 2006 | 16741880 |
| down-regulation of the nkg2d ligand mica by the human cytomegalovirus glycoprotein ul142. | human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) employs a variety of strategies to modify or evade the host immune response, and natural killer (nk) cells play a crucial role in controlling cytomegalovirus infections in mice and humans. activation of nk cells through the receptor nkg2d/dap10 leads to killing of nkg2d ligand-expressing cells. we have previously shown that hcmv is able to down-regulate the surface expression of some nkg2d ligands, ulbp1, ulbp2, and micb via the viral glycoprotein ul16. here, we show ... | 2006 | 16750166 |
| lack of association of herpesviruses with brain tumors. | gliomas are the most frequent primary brain tumors in humans. many studies have been carried out on their etiology; however, the only confirmed risk factors are hereditary predisposing conditions and high dose of ionizing radiation. recently, human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) gene products and nucleic acids were reported to be present in all of 27 glioma samples investigated in contrast to other brain tissues, and it was hypothesized that hcmv might play a role in glioma pathogenesis. to evaluate the ... | 2006 | 16798670 |
| evidence for direct transfer of cytoplasmic material from infected to uninfected cells during cell-associated spread of human cytomegalovirus. | cell-associated spread is assumed to be the predominant mode of human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) dissemination in infected patients, however the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. we tested the hypothesis that cell-to-cell spread of hcmv may be associated with direct transfer of cytoplasmic material by analyzing focal growth of green fluorescent hcmvdeltaul16gfp. in this recombinant virus, ul16 was partially replaced by the green fluorescent protein (egfp). the resulting hcmvdeltaul16gfp s ... | 2006 | 16815742 |
| cytotrophoblasts infected with a pathogenic human cytomegalovirus strain dysregulate cell-matrix and cell-cell adhesion molecules: a quantitative analysis. | studies of intrauterine human cytomegalovirus (cmv) infection have shown suppressed replication in the decidua and placenta of strongly seropositive women. biopsy specimens often contain cmv virion glycoprotein b and dna in syncytiotrophoblasts and villus core macrophages without productive infection. focal replication occurs in placentas of women with low to moderate neutralizing antibody titres. infected cytotrophoblasts downregulate key adhesion and immune molecules required for invasiveness ... | 2007 | 16822542 |
| modelling cytomegalovirus replication patterns in the human host: factors important for pathogenesis. | human cytomegalovirus can cause a diverse range of diseases in different immunocompromised hosts. the pathogenic mechanisms underlying these diseases have not been fully elucidated, though the maximal viral load during infection is strongly correlated with the disease. however, concentrating on single viral load measures during infection ignores valuable information contained during the entire replication history up to the onset of disease. we use a statistical model that allows all viral load d ... | 2006 | 16822758 |
| diagnosis and monitoring of human cytomegalovirus infection in bone marrow transplant recipients by quantitative competitive pcr. | human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) is a common cause of infection worldwide. severe cytomegalovirus disease is usually observed in immunodeficient individuals such as bone marrow transplant (bmt) or aids patients. in these patients, proof of viral presence is not enough for making clinical decisions; one must report the quantity of virus or viral load in appropriate clinical specimens to demonstrate the relationship between disease severity and hcmv infection. the goal of this study was to use quantit ... | 2006 | 16827646 |
| strong selection of virus-specific cytotoxic cd4+ t-cell clones during primary human cytomegalovirus infection. | to obtain insight into human cd4+ t cell differentiation and selection in vivo, we longitudinally studied cytomegalovirus (cmv)-specific cd4+ t cells after primary infection. early in infection, cmv-specific cd4+ t cells have the appearance of interferon gamma (ifngamma)-producing t-helper 1 (th1) type cells, whereas during latency a large population of cmv-specific cd4+ cd28- t cells emerges with immediate cytotoxic capacity. we demonstrate that cd4+ cd28- t cells could lyse cmv antigen-express ... | 2006 | 16840731 |
| experimental study on the action of allitridin against human cytomegalovirus in vitro: inhibitory effects on immediate-early genes. | garlic (allium sativum) extraction has been reported having anti-hcmv efficacy. this study was aimed to investigate the effect of allitridin (diallyl trisulfide, a compound from a. sativum extraction) on the replication of hcmv and the expression of viral immediate-early genes. in hcmv plaque-reduction assay, allitridin appeared a dose-dependent inhibitory ability with ec(50) value of 4.2 microg/ml (selective index, si=16.7). time-of-addition and time-of-removal studies showed that allitridin in ... | 2006 | 16844239 |
| human cytomegalovirus modulation of ccr5 expression on myeloid cells affects susceptibility to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. | for some time there has been evidence suggesting an interaction between human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) and human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) in the pathogenesis of aids. here, the interaction of hcmv and hiv-1 was examined in monocyte/macrophage cells, two cell types known to be targets for both viruses in vivo. infection experiments demonstrated that prior infection with hcmv impeded subsequent superinfection with hiv-1. in contrast, uninfected bystander cells within the population were still pe ... | 2006 | 16847113 |
| novel real-time monitoring system for human cytomegalovirus-infected cells in vitro that uses a green fluorescent protein-pml-expressing cell line. | promyelocytic leukemia (pml) bodies are discrete nuclear foci that are intimately associated with many dna viruses. in human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) infection, the ie1 (for "immediate-early 1") protein has a marked effect on pml bodies via de-sumoylation of pml protein. here, we report a novel real-time monitoring system for hcmv-infected cells using a newly established cell line (se/15) that stably expresses green fluorescent protein (gfp)-pml protein. in se/15 cells, hcmv infection causes speci ... | 2006 | 16870775 |
| structural changes in human cytomegalovirus cytoplasmic assembly sites in the absence of ul97 kinase activity. | studies of human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) ul97 kinase deletion mutant (deltaul97) indicated a multi-step role for this kinase in early and late phases of the viral life cycle, namely, in dna replication, capsid maturation and nuclear egress. here, we addressed its possible involvement in cytoplasmic steps of hcmv assembly. using the deltaul97 and the ul97 kinase inhibitor ngic-i, we demonstrate that the absence of ul97 kinase activity results in a modified subcellular distribution of the viral str ... | 2006 | 16872656 |
| evidence for a role of the cellular nd10 protein pml in mediating intrinsic immunity against human cytomegalovirus infections. | several viruses, including human cytomegalovirus (hcmv), encode proteins that colocalize with a cellular subnuclear structure known as nd10. since only viral dna deposited at nd10 initiates transcription, nd10 structures were hypothesized to be essential for viral replication. on the other hand, interferon treatment induces an up-regulation of nd10 structures and viruses have evolved polypeptides that disperse the dot-like accumulation of nd10 proteins, suggesting that nd10 could also be part of ... | 2006 | 16873257 |
| monitoring of human cytomegalovirus-specific cd4 and cd8 t-cell immunity in patients receiving solid organ transplantation. | absolute and human cytomegalovirus (hcmv)-specific cd4+ and cd8+ t-cell counts were monitored in 38 solid organ (20 heart, 9 lung and 9 kidney) transplant recipients during the first year after transplantation by a novel assay based on t-cell stimulation with hcmv-infected autologous dendritic cells. according to the pattern of t-cell restoration occurring either within the first month after transplantation or later, patients were classified as either early (n = 21) or late responders (n = 17). ... | 2006 | 16889599 |
| restoring immune defenses via lymphotoxin signaling: lessons from cytomegalovirus. | although primary infection with human cytomegalovirus (hcmv), a beta-herpesvirus, is widespread and acquired early in life, it rarely causes disease in immune-competent individuals. however, in immune-compromised patients hcmv infection or reactivation invariably leads to serious disease, the effective treatment of which remains a difficult clinical problem. current antiviral therapy is limited not only by toxicity but also by the continual emergence of drugresistant viruses. the limitations of ... | 2006 | 16891674 |
| characterization of human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) ul97 mutations found in a valganciclovir/oral ganciclovir prophylactic trial by use of a bacterial artificial chromosome containing the hcmv genome. | a method based on manipulation of the human cytomegalovirus genome in a bacterial artificial chromosome was developed to determine the role played by 6 ul97 mutations of unknown significance. these mutations were found in blood samples from solid-organ transplant recipients in a trial comparing valganciclovir and oral ganciclovir prophylaxis. recombinant viruses containing ul97 mutations p405l, a427v, m550i, a582v, y617h, and a674t were generated in a bacterial system. viral stocks were subseque ... | 2006 | 16897654 |
| human ilt2 receptor associates with murine mhc class i molecules in vivo and impairs t cell function. | immunoglobulin-like transcript 2 (ilt2/lilrb1/lir1/cd85j) is an inhibitory receptor broadly expressed on leukocytes and antigen-presenting cells that recognizes hla-class i and human cytomegalovirus ul18 proteins. the function of this receptor is to generate negative signals or to inhibit positive signals. here, we demonstrate the model to study the function of ilt2 in vivo using a newly generated transgenic mouse expressing the human inhibitory receptor on t, b, nk, and nkt cells. ilt2 expressi ... | 2006 | 16897816 |
| human cytomegalovirus dna polymerase catalytic subunit pul54 possesses independently acting nuclear localization and ppul44 binding motifs. | the catalytic subunit of human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) dna polymerase pul54 is a 1242-amino-acid protein, whose function, stimulated by the processivity factor, phosphoprotein ul44 (ppul44), is essential for viral replication. the c-terminal residues (amino acids 1220-1242) of pul54 have been reported to be sufficient for ppul44 binding in vitro. although believed to be important for functioning in the nuclei of infected cells, no data are available on either the interaction of pul54 with ppul44 ... | 2006 | 16911590 |
| human cytomegalovirus-encoded chemokine receptor us28 promotes tumorigenesis. | human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) is a widely spread herpesvirus, suggested to play a role in tumor progression. us28, a chemokine receptor encoded by hcmv, binds a broad spectrum of chemokines and constitutively activates various pathways linked to proliferation. our studies reveal that expression of us28 induces a proangiogenic and transformed phenotype by up-regulating the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and enhancing cell growth and cell cycle progression. us28-expressing cells p ... | 2006 | 16924106 |
| viral gene expression during the establishment of human cytomegalovirus latent infection in myeloid progenitor cells. | human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) establishes and maintains a latent infection in myeloid cells and can reactivate to cause serious disease in allograft recipients. to better understand the molecular events associated with the establishment of latency, we tracked the virus following infection of primary human myeloid progenitor cells at days 1, 2, 3, 5, and 11. at all time points, the viral genome was maintained in most cells at approximately 10 copies. infectious virus was not detected, but virus co ... | 2006 | 16931631 |
| ionic contra-viral therapy (icvt); a new approach to the treatment of dna virus infections. | the sequestration of cellular k(+) has been shown elsewhere to elicit a broad spectrum of antiviral activity. the obligatory, coupled cotransports of na(+), k(+) and cl(-) (nkcc1) and of na(+) and k(+) (nkatpase) effect net cellular k(+) influx. we examined the effects of specific inhibitors of these transports; a cardiac glycoside (digoxin) and a loop diuretic (furosemide) on virus replication in vitro. the replication of the dna viruses, herpes simplex virus, varicella zoster virus, human cyto ... | 2006 | 16932984 |
| human cytomegalovirus alters localization of mhc class ii and dendrite morphology in mature langerhans cells. | hemopoietic stem cell-derived mature langerhans-type dendritic cells (lc) are susceptible to productive infection by human cmv (hcmv). to investigate the impact of infection on this cell type, we examined hla-dr biosynthesis and trafficking in mature lc cultures exposed to hcmv. we found decreased surface hla-dr levels in viral ag-positive as well as in ag-negative mature lc. inhibition of hla-dr was independent of expression of unique short us2-us11 region gene products by hcmv. indeed, exposur ... | 2006 | 16951359 |
| genomic organization and evolution of the ulbp genes in cattle. | the cattle ul16-binding protein 1 (ulbp1) and ulbp2 genes encode members of the mhc class i superfamily that have homology to the human ulbp genes. human ulbp1 and ulbp2 interact with the nkg2d receptor to activate effector cells in the immune system. the human cytomegalovirus ul16 protein is known to disrupt the ulbp-nkg2d interaction, thereby subverting natural killer cell-mediated responses. previous southern blotting experiments identified evidence of increased ulbp copy number within the ge ... | 2006 | 16953885 |
| diagnostic value of reverse transcription-pcr for detection of cytomegalovirus pp67 in samples from solid-organ transplant recipients. | we evaluated a highly sensitive quantitative real-time one-step reverse transcription-pcr (rt-pcr) for detection of human cytomegalovirus pp67 transcripts in monitoring of solid-organ transplant recipients. results were compared with those of pp65 antigen testing and quantitative dna-pcr. due to a low clinical sensitivity, the pp67 rt-pcr was not able to replace these assays. | 2006 | 16954283 |
| detection of beta-herpesviruses in allogenic stem cell recipients by quantitative real-time pcr. | the aim of this study was to investigate the clinical impact of reactivation of human herpes virus-6 (hhv-6) and hhv-7 infections in stem cell transplantation recipients, and to examine a possible increase in virulence of the two roseoloviruses when a reactivation of cmv (hhv-5) simultaneously occurs. for this purpose, quantitative real-time pcr systems were developed to assess the viral load of cmv, hhv-6, or hhv-7 in the plasma of haematopoetic stem cell recipients. one hundred and ninety-eigh ... | 2006 | 16956672 |
| human cytomegalovirus infection alters the substrate specificities and rapamycin sensitivities of raptor- and rictor-containing complexes. | signaling mediated by the mammalian target of rapamycin kinase (mtor) is activated during human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) infection. mtor is found in two complexes differing by the binding partner, rictor or raptor. activated mtor-raptor promotes cap-dependent translation through the hyperphosphorylation of the eif4e-binding protein (4e-bp). this activity of the raptor complex is normally inhibited by cell stress responses or the drug rapamycin. however, we previously showed that this inhibition of ... | 2006 | 16959881 |
| human cytomegalovirus-induced reduction of extracellular matrix proteins in vascular smooth muscle cell cultures: a pathomechanism in vasculopathies? | human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) infection appears to be linked to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. an association between hcmv infection and an enhanced restenosis rate as well as the induction of vasculopathies after solid organ transplantation has been documented. knowledge of the cellular and molecular basis of these findings is limited, however. by northern blot and rt-pcr analysis of human foreskin fibroblasts (hff) and human coronary artery smooth muscle cells (smc), we identified extrace ... | 2006 | 16963742 |
| inhibition of viral proteases by zingiberaceae extracts and flavones isolated from kaempferia parviflora. | in order to identify novel lead compounds with antiviral effect, methanol and aqueous extracts of eight medicinal plants in the zingiberaceae family were screened for inhibition of proteases from human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1), hepatitis c virus (hcv) and human cytomegalovirus (hcmv). in general, the methanol extracts inhibited the enzymes more effectively than the aqueous extracts. hiv-1 protease was strongly inhibited by the methanol extract of alpinia galanga. this extract also i ... | 2006 | 16964717 |
| comparative sequence analysis of us28 gene of human cytomegalovirus strains isolated from hiv-positive patients. | human cytomegalovirus (hcvm) encodes several g-protein coupled receptors, such as us28 protein. we determined the us28 gene sequence from clinical isolates obtained from 17 human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected patients with hcmv infection. two types of clinical specimens were collected: peripheral blood leucocytes (pbls) from 12 patients with hcmv-positive viremia and cerebro-spinal fluids (csf) from five patients with hcmv-encephalitis. comparison of us28 nucleotide sequences between cli ... | 2006 | 16972032 |
| human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) infection of endothelial cells promotes naive monocyte extravasation and transfer of productive virus to enhance hematogenous dissemination of hcmv. | human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) pathogenesis is dependent on the hematogenous spread of the virus to host tissue. while data suggest that infected monocytes are required for viral dissemination from the blood to the host organs, infected endothelial cells are also thought to contribute to this key step in viral pathogenesis. we show here that hcmv infection of endothelial cells increased the recruitment and transendothelial migration of monocytes. infection of endothelial cells promoted the increas ... | 2006 | 16987970 |
| intracellular trafficking of the hcmv immunoevasin ul16 depends on elements present in both its cytoplasmic and transmembrane domains. | expression of the ul16 glycoprotein leads to down-regulation of nkg2d-ligands from the surface of the human cytomegalovirus (hcmv)-infected cell. the molecular elements responsible for ul16 trafficking and intracellular localization were investigated by preparing various chimeric proteins and mutants, using cd8 as a reporter molecule. a yqrl motif, present in ul16's cytoplasmic tail was functional for internalization, but the presence of the transmembrane domain modified the fate of the molecule ... | 2006 | 16996537 |
| common and specific properties of herpesvirus ul34/ul31 protein family members revealed by protein complementation assay. | the proteins encoded by the ul34 and ul31 genes of herpes simplex virus are conserved among herpesviruses. they form a complex that is essential for the egress of the herpesvirus nucleocapsids from the nucleus. in previous work on the homologous protein complex in murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv), we defined their mutual binding domains. here, we started to map binding domains within the ul34/ul31 proteins of alpha-, beta-, and gammaherpesviruses and to locate other functional properties. a protein ... | 2006 | 17005637 |
| a dna-based vaccine for the prevention of human cytomegalovirus-associated diseases. | multiple lines of evidence indicate that in the transplant population human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) infection and its associated diseases are controlled by humoral and cellular immune responses similar to those that arise in asymptomatic, healthy individuals during a naturally-acquired infection. the dominant antibody response to hcmv is to the major surface glycoprotein b (gb) and the dominant cellular immune response is to the tegument phosphoprotein (pp65). we propose that an immunotherapeutic ... | 2005 | 17038834 |
| sel1l, the homologue of yeast hrd3p, is involved in protein dislocation from the mammalian er. | protein quality control in the endoplasmic reticulum (er) involves recognition of misfolded proteins and dislocation from the er lumen into the cytosol, followed by proteasomal degradation. viruses have co-opted this pathway to destroy proteins that are crucial for host defense. examination of dislocation of class i major histocompatibility complex (mhc) heavy chains (hcs) catalyzed by the human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) immunoevasin us11 uncovered a conserved complex of the mammalian dislocation m ... | 2006 | 17043138 |
| detection of human cytomegalovirus dna in 986 women studied for human papillomavirus-associated cervical neoplasia. | the aim of this study was to assess the association of human cytomegalovirus (cmv) infection with cervical histologic findings and possible interaction with human papillomavirus (hpv) infection. | 2003 | 17051067 |
| specific short hairpin rna-mediated inhibition of viral dna packaging of human cytomegalovirus. | to clearly demonstrate the role of the human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) portal protein pul104 rna interference was applied. expressing cell lines were constructed by transduction of shrnas via the infection with retroviral vectors. after infection of these cells with hcmv ad169 the expression of pul104 was reduced up to 80% for shrna s1 and 54% for shrna s2 at late times of infection compared to controls. in addition, the inhibitory effect was corresponding with a decrease in viral mrna and plaque f ... | 2006 | 17056039 |
| the switch from latent to productive infection in epstein-barr virus-infected b cells is associated with sensitization to nk cell killing. | following activation of epstein-barr virus (ebv)-infected b cells from latent to productive (lytic) infection, there is a concomitant reduction in the level of cell surface major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class i molecules and an impaired antigen-presenting function that may facilitate evasion from ebv-specific cd8+ cytotoxic t cells. in some other herpesviruses studied, most notably human cytomegalovirus (hcmv), evasion of virus-specific cd8+ effector responses via downregulation of surf ... | 2007 | 17079298 |
| the amino-conserved domain of human cytomegalovirus ul80a proteins is required for key interactions during early stages of capsid formation and virus production. | assembly of many spherical virus capsids is guided by an internal scaffolding protein or group of proteins that are often cleaved and eliminated in connection with maturation and incorporation of the genome. in cytomegalovirus there are at least two proteins that contribute to this scaffolding function; one is the maturational protease precursor (pul80a), and the other is the assembly protein precursor (pul80.5) encoded by a shorter genetic element within ul80a. yeast gal4 two-hybrid assays esta ... | 2007 | 17079329 |
| expression and function of nkg2d in cd4+ t cells specific for human cytomegalovirus. | the human nkg2d killer lectin-like receptor (klr) is coupled by the dap10 adapter to phosphoinositide 3-kinase (pi3 k) and specifically interacts with different stress-inducible molecules (i.e. mica, micb, ulbp) displayed by some tumour and virus-infected cells. this klr is commonly expressed by human nk cells as well as tcrgammadelta(+) and tcralphabeta(+)cd8(+) t lymphocytes, but it has been also detected in cd4(+) t cells from rheumatoid arthritis and cancer patients. in the present study, we ... | 2006 | 17109473 |
| analysis of the structure-activity relationship of four herpesviral ul97 subfamily protein kinases reveals partial but not full functional conservation. | herpesviral protein kinases of the ul97 subfamily are expressed by all known herpesviruses but the degree of functional conservation is unclear. a selection of representative members was investigated by a comparative structural and functional analysis. the coding sequences of human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) pul97, rat cmv pr97, epstein-barr virus bglf4, and herpes simplex virus ul13 showed a low degree of amino acid identity. a computational approach employing fold recognition techniques revealed s ... | 2006 | 17125257 |
| exploring the bidirectional interactions between human cytomegalovirus and hepatitis c virus replication after liver transplantation. | recurrence of hepatitis c (hcv) post-liver transplantation (lt) is universal and its course is more aggressive than in immunocompetent individuals. human cytomegalovirus (cmv) infection is a common post-lt infection and has immunomodulatory effects that could adversely affect the outcome of hcv. to date, the effect of hcv replication on the dynamics of cmv have not been investigated. from 2000 to 2004, a cohort of 69 hcv-infected liver transplant recipients and 188 hcv-negative liver transplant ... | 2007 | 17192909 |
| [detection of dna human cytomegalovirus of a molecular methods: hybrid capture dna cmv by immunocompromised]. | human cytomegalovirus (hcmv), a member of the beta-virus herpes family, is a ubiquitous human pathogen. after a primary infection, hcmv establishes life latency. hcmv rarely causes symptomatic disease in an immunocompetent host, however, it is a major cause of infectious morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised individuals and developing fetuses. the hcmv genome consists of 240 kbp of double stranded dna. early diagnosis molecular of cmv infection is important. the objective of this study wa ... | 2006 | 17193858 |
| increased expression of p53 enhances transcription-coupled repair and global genomic repair of a uvc-damaged reporter gene in human cells. | ultraviolet (uv) light-induced dna damage is repaired by nucleotide excision repair, which is divided into two sub-pathways: global genome repair (ggr) and transcription-coupled repair (tcr). while it is well established that the ggr pathway is dependent on the p53 tumour suppressor protein in human cells, both p53-dependent and p53-independent pathways have been reported for tcr. in the present work, we investigated the role of p53 in both ggr and tcr of a uvc-damaged reporter gene in human fib ... | 2007 | 17196445 |
| high-frequency epigenetic repression and silencing of retroviruses can be antagonized by histone deacetylase inhibitors and transcriptional activators, but uniform reactivation in cell clones is restricted by additional mechanisms. | integrated retroviral dna is subject to epigenetic gene silencing, but the viral and host cell properties that influence initiation, maintenance, and reactivation are not fully understood. here we describe rapid and high-frequency epigenetic repression and silencing of integrated avian sarcoma virus (asv)-based vector dnas in human hela cells. initial studies utilized a vector carrying the strong human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) immediate-early (ie) promoter to drive expression of a green fluorescen ... | 2007 | 17202206 |
| effect of serum and ctl on focal growth of human cytomegalovirus. | in immunocompromised patients only cytotoxic t-lymphocytes (ctl) but not antiviral antibodies appear to be efficient in control of human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) infection. this is contrasted by the well-documented neutralising activity of patient sera against standard hcmv strains. | 2007 | 17204454 |
| the carboxy-terminal domain of glycoprotein n of human cytomegalovirus is required for virion morphogenesis. | glycoproteins m and n (gm and gn, respectively) are among the few proteins that are conserved across the herpesvirus family. the function of the complex is largely unknown. whereas deletion from most alphaherpesviruses has marginal effects on the replication of the respective viruses, both proteins are essential for replication of human cytomegalovirus (hcmv). we have constructed a series of mutants in gn to study the function of this protein. gn of hcmv is a type i glycoprotein containing a sho ... | 2007 | 17229708 |
| monitoring human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) in hcmv-seropositive orthotopic liver-transplant recipients by means of quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. | human cytomegalovirus can be reactivated after orthotopic liver transplantation in patients who are seropositive for cytomegalovirus. whether those cytomegalovirus-seropositive patients require immediate posttransplant (anti)- cytomegalovirus prophylactic therapy or preemptive treatment as opposed to deferred treatment remains controversial. the aims of our study were to evaluate the relevance of cytomegalovirus monitoring with quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction in whole blood and ... | 2006 | 17238855 |
| antiviral activity of berberine and related compounds against human cytomegalovirus. | berberine chloride (1) and the structurally related compounds were assessed for the anti-human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) activity using the plaque assay. the anti-hcmv activity (ic(50) 0.68 microm) of 1 was equivalent to that (ic(50) 0.91 microm) of ganciclovir (gcv). the mechanism of action by which 1 inhibits the replication of hcmv is presumed to be different from that of gcv; 1 would interfere with intracellular events after virus penetration into the host cells and before viral dna synthesis. | 2007 | 17239594 |
| human cytomegalovirus enhances a. actinomycetemcomitans adherence to cells. | adherence of actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans to epithelial cells is an important step in periodontal disease pathogenesis. recent publications describe the subgingival presence of a wide array of viruses [e.g., human cytomegalo-virus (hcmv)]. since viruses can increase cellular susceptibility for bacterial adherence, we investigated whether hcmv renders epithelial cells more prone to adherence by actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans. cultivated hela and primary epithelial cells were shown t ... | 2007 | 17251519 |
| multimerization of human cytomegalovirus regulatory protein ul69 via a domain that is conserved within its herpesvirus homologues. | the ul69 protein of human cytomegalovirus is a multifunctional regulatory protein that has counterparts in all herpesviruses. some of these proteins have been shown to function primarily at the post-transcriptional level in promoting nuclear export of viral transcripts. consistently, this group has reported recently that pul69 is an rna-binding, nucleocytoplasmic shuttling protein that facilitates the cytoplasmic accumulation of unspliced mrna via its interaction with the cellular mrna export fa ... | 2007 | 17251556 |
| dna vaccines expressing glycoprotein complex ii antigens gm and gn elicited neutralizing antibodies against multiple human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) isolates. | human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) glycoprotein complex ii (gcii) consists of two glycoproteins, gm and gn. although gcii specific igg purified from hcmv positive patient sera can neutralize hcmv, there has been no report describing the generation of virus-neutralizing antibodies by immunization with individual recombinant gm or gn antigens. in the current study, gm and gn antigens were expressed by the mammalian expression vector pjw4303 and used as dna vaccines to determine the immunogenicity of the ... | 2007 | 17287056 |
| extensive sequence variation exists among isolates of murine cytomegalovirus within members of the m02 family of genes. | murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) is a widely used model for human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) and has facilitated many important discoveries about the biology of cmvs. most of these studies are conducted using the laboratory mcmv strains smith and k181. however, wild-derived isolates of mcmv, like hcmv clinical isolates, exhibit genetic variation from laboratory strains, particularly at the ends of their genomes in areas containing known or putative immune-evasion and tropism genes. this study analysed ... | 2007 | 17325348 |
| development of human cytomegalovirus-specific t cell immunity during primary infection of pregnant women and its correlation with virus transmission to the fetus. | we sought to study the development of human cytomegalovirus (hcmv)-specific t cell-mediated immune responses during primary hcmv infection in pregnancy. | 2007 | 17330798 |
| human cytomegalovirus glycoprotein b genotype correlates with different symptoms of infected infants. | human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) is the pathogen of cytomegalic inclusion disease of infants. hcmv strains can be classified into four genotypes of glycoprotein b (gb). there are limited data concerning links between clinical symptoms and hcmv genotypes. the aims of the present study were to determine the genotype of hcmv isolates from pediatric patients who have different symptoms on the assumption that the gb genotype may influence the outcomes of congenital and prenatal hcmv infection. | 2007 | 17356299 |
| effects of jinye baidu granule on fetal growth and development with maternal active human cytomegalovirus infection. | to evaluate the effects of jinye baidu granule ( jybdg), a traditional chinese medicine compound prescription, on fetal growth and development with maternal active human cytomegalovirus infection. | 2006 | 17361519 |
| synthesis and antiviral evaluation of alkoxyalkyl-phosphate conjugates of cidofovir and adefovir. | esterification of cidofovir (cdv), an antiviral nucleoside phosphonate, with alkyl or alkoxyalkyl groups increases antiviral activity by enhancing cell uptake and conversion to cdv diphosphate. hexadecyloxypropyl-cdv (hdp-cdv) has been shown to be 40-100 times more active than cdv in vitro in cells infected with herpes group viruses, variola, cowpox, vaccinia or ectromelia viruses. since the first phosphorylation of cdv may be rate limiting, we synthesized the hexadecyloxypropyl-phosphate (hdp-p ... | 2007 | 17367874 |
| the human cytomegalovirus mhc class i homolog ul18 inhibits lir-1+ but activates lir-1- nk cells. | the inhibitory leukocyte ig-like receptor 1 (lir-1, also known as ilt2, cd85j, or lilrb1) was identified by its high affinity for the human cmv (hcmv) mhc class i homolog gpul18. the role of this lir-1-gpul18 interaction in modulating nk recognition during hcmv infection has previously not been clearly defined. in this study, lir-1(+) nkl cell-mediated cytotoxicity was shown to be inhibited by transduction of targets with a replication-deficient adenovirus vector encoding ul18 (rad-ul18). fibrob ... | 2007 | 17372005 |
| cytoplasmic envelopment of human cytomegalovirus requires the postlocalization function of tegument protein pp28 within the assembly compartment. | the assembly of herpesvirus remains incompletely defined due to the structural complexity of these viruses. although the assembly of the capsid of these large dna viruses is well studied and reasonably well conserved for all members of this diverse family of viruses, the cytoplasmic processes of tegumentation and envelopment are not well understood. the virion of the largest human herpesvirus, human cytomegalovirus (hcmv), contains over 70 virus-encoded proteins that are incorporated during a nu ... | 2007 | 17392372 |
| expression of gdnf transgene in astrocytes improves cognitive deficits in aged rats. | glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (gdnf) was assayed for its neurotrophic effects against the neuronal atrophy that causes cognitive deficits in old age. aged fisher 344 rats with impairment in the morris water maze received intrahippocampal injections at the dorsal ca1 area of either a lentiviral vector encoding human gdnf or the same vector encoding human green fluorescent protein as a control. recombinant lentiviral vectors constructed with human cytomegalovirus promotor and pseudot ... | 2008 | 17399854 |
| the late promoter of the human cytomegalovirus viral dna polymerase processivity factor has an impact on delayed early and late viral gene products but not on viral dna synthesis. | transcription of the dna polymerase processivity factor gene (ul44) of human cytomegalovirus initiates at three distinct start sites, which are differentially regulated during productive infection. two of these start sites, the distal and proximal sites, are active at early times, and the middle start site is active at only late times after infection (f. leach and e. s. mocarski, j. virol. 63:1783-1791, 1989). compared to the wild type, ul44 gene expression was lower for recombinant viruses with ... | 2007 | 17409154 |
| an intrastrain variation of a 189-bp repeat region in the human cytomegalovirus replication origin. | a 189-bp repeat has been reported previously to be present in the replication origin (ori) of human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) towne strain and to contain essential and supporting sequences (chen et al., arch. virol. 141, 13301 (1996)). in this study, clones of hcmv strain towne were isolated and analyzed for the copy number of the 189-bp repeat within its ori (orilyt). southern blot analysis revealed that out of 14 clones, two contained a dimer, two contained a tetramer, and the remaining contained ... | 2007 | 17432940 |
| pathogenesis and antibody response to a cytomegalovirus infection in newborn rats. | the present study described the kinetics of rat cytomegalovirus (rcmv) infection in newborn rats by monitoring infectious virus and viral antigens in various organs, viral dna in the blood (dnaemia) and antibody response. these parameters were evaluated quantitatively using double-antibody sandwich elisa (das-elisa), real-time pcr, indirect elisa and virus infectivity assay. for the first time das-elisa was used for detection of rcmv antigen directly from organ samples. the relationships between ... | 2007 | 17432941 |