| [experimental vaccination against hiv-1 protects the chimpanzee against challenge with injections of infected lymphocytes]. | two chimpanzees were immunized against hiv-1 : c-339, using whole inactivated hiv-1 followed by purified recombinant gp160 and a klh-v3 peptide conjugate; and, c-499, using purified recombinant gp160 and p18gag followed by a mixture of uncoupled v3 peptides. the antigens were emulsified prior to use with one volume syntex adjuvant saf-1 containing 1 mg/ml threonyl-mdp. the animals were challenged twice one year apart by the intravenous route, the first time with cell-free virus, using 40 chimpan ... | 1992 | 1464038 |
| who international quality assessment scheme for hiv antibody testing: results from the second distribution of sera. | the who international quality assessment scheme for human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) antibody testing has been established to monitor the quality of laboratory performance in testing for antibodies to hiv. following a small trial distribution of specimens early in 1989, the second distribution was made in february 1990. a total of 20 specimens of sera, 10 of which contained antibodies to hiv-1, were sent to 103 laboratories located in the six who regions. participants were asked to test the sp ... | 1992 | 1464146 |
| phorbol ester reduces constitutive nuclear nf kappa b and inhibits hiv-1 production in mature human monocytic cells. | nf kappa b is a potent mediator of specific gene expression in human monocytes and has been shown to play a role in transcription of the hiv-1 genome in promonocytic leukemias. there is little information available on the response of nf kappa b to cytokines in normal human monocytes. we have used a 32p-labeled oligonucleotide derived from human immunodeficiency virus (hiv-1) long terminal repeat, which contains a tandem repeat of the nf kappa b binding sequence, as a probe in a gel retardation a ... | 1992 | 1464736 |
| human immunodeficiency virus gp120 binding c'c" ridge of cd4 domain 1 is also involved in interaction with class ii major histocompatibility complex molecules. | using site-directed mutagenesis informed by high-resolution cd4 structural data, we have investigated the role of residues of the c'c'' ridge region of human cd4 on class ii major histocompatibility complex (mhc) binding. this c'c'' ridge is homologous to the cdr2 loop of an immunoglobulin variable domain and is known to contain the binding site for human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) coat glycoprotein gp120. here we report that this region is also involved in interaction with class ii mhc. expos ... | 1992 | 1465431 |
| expression directed from hiv long terminal repeats in the central nervous system of transgenic mice. | infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) is frequently accompanied by the aids (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) dementia complex. the role of specific hiv genetic elements in the pathogenesis of central nervous system (cns) disease is not clear. transgenic mice were constructed that contained the long terminal repeats (ltrs) of two cns-derived strains and a t cell tropic strain of hiv-1. only mice generated with cns-derived ltrs directed expression in the cns, particularly in ne ... | 1992 | 1465618 |
| immunohistochemical analysis of p53 expression in malignant lymphomas. | p53 is a tumor suppressor gene that commonly undergoes mutations in human tumors, including lymphomas. because p53 mutations are not restricted to a single locus, immunohistochemistry is useful to detect p53 expression and correlate this finding with lymphoma phenotype. cryostat sections from 125 cases of lymphoma were analyzed for p53 expression using three different monoclonal antibodies (pab 421, 1801, 240) which react with human cellular p53 and a common conformational epitope on mutant p53. ... | 1992 | 1466398 |
| the occupational hazard of human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis b virus infection. i. perceived risks and preventive measures adopted by anaesthetists: a postal survey. | we have conducted a postal survey of members of the association of anaesthetists to ascertain perceived risks and preventive measures adopted with regard to the occupational hazard of human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis b virus infection. despite recognition of the infection risk and the adoption of appropriate measures when managing known infected patients, the majority of anaesthetists have not implemented simple precautions in their daily routine work. less than 16% of respondents rout ... | 1992 | 1466429 |
| the occupational hazard of human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis b virus infection. ii. effect of grade, age, sex and region of employment on perceived risks and preventive measures adopted by anaesthetists. | the effect of grade, age, sex and region of employment on the attitude of anaesthetists to the possible risk of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and hepatitis b virus (hbv) infection and the measures adopted to minimise the risk were assessed. as a group, anaesthetists in training were more concerned than consultants about the risk of hiv or hbv infection and, as a consequence, were more likely to adopt protective measures. a similar variation was seen with age, younger anaesthetists being mor ... | 1992 | 1466430 |
| inhibition of hiv-1 productive infection in hepatoblastoma hepg2 cells by recombinant tumor necrosis factor-alpha. | to evaluate the role of liver cells in and the effect of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (tnf-alpha) on hiv-1 replication. | 1992 | 1466843 |
| hiv-1 expression during early mammalian development. | our long-term objective is to determine the consequences of hiv-1 expression in the mammalian fetus using the mouse as a model system. this study describes hiv gene expression in micro-injected and electroporated embryos during the pre-implantation period. | 1992 | 1466844 |
| progressive spastic myelopathy in a patient co-infected with hiv-1 and htlv-ii: autoantibodies to the human homologue of rig in blood and cerebrospinal fluid. | human t-cell leukemia virus types i (htlv-i) and ii (htlv-ii) are closely related human retroviruses. htlv-i has been implicated in a chronic progressive myelopathy, known as tropical spastic paraparesis (tsp) or htlv-i-associated myelopathy (ham). we sought to determine whether autoantibodies to brain antigens were present in the cerebrospinal fluid (csf) of a patient with chronic progressive spastic myelopathy with evidence of both hiv-1 infection and htlv-i/ii seropositivity. | 1992 | 1466847 |
| heterogeneity of peripheral blood monocyte populations in human immunodeficiency virus-1 seropositive patients. | monocytes from human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) patients have an increased heterogeneity of phenotype and function. in a study of 120 hiv patients we have demonstrated that they have normal monocyte differential counts but that with progression of the disease an increasing proportion of monocytes show phenotypic and functional evidence for activation or maturation. a proportion of the monocytes are larger, with increased expression of cd11b, hla-dr, cd45 and cd16. concomitantly there was incre ... | 1992 | 1466904 |
| a phase i study of hgp-30, a 30 amino acid subunit of the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) p17 synthetic peptide analogue sub-unit vaccine in seronegative subjects. | hgp-30-klh vaccine in alum at doses of 10, 25, 50, and 100 micrograms/kg administered intramuscularly at weeks 0, 4, and 10 appear well-tolerated clinically. local pain at the injection site, appears to be the main clinical toxicity. laboratory parameters are not affected by administration of the vaccine candidate except for perhaps mild urinalysis abnormalities at the highest dose. this vaccine candidate has no apparent immunotoxicity and does not appear to affect lymphocyte populations or t-ce ... | 1992 | 1466950 |
| identification of large glycosylated proteins recognized by monoclonal antibodies against hiv-1 gag proteins. | | 1992 | 1466953 |
| human immunodeficiency virus variants that escape cytotoxic t-cell recognition. | | 1992 | 1466955 |
| lymphocytes from some long-term seronegative heterosexual partners of hiv-infected individuals proliferate in response to hiv antigens. | a comparison of the proliferative responses of lymphocytes to human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) antigens from long-term, seronegative heterosexual partners of hiv-infected subjects, from normal unexposed controls and from healthy seropositive heterosexual partners or seropositive, asymptomatic men, reveals that lymphocytes from healthy seropositive individuals with strong proliferative responses to recall, microbial antigens respond only minimally to hiv proteins or envelope peptides, and that ... | 1992 | 1466956 |
| adjuvanticity of stearyl tyrosine on the antibody response to peptide 503-535 from hiv gp160. | | 1992 | 1466959 |
| [azidothymidine in the treatment of patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection and persistent generalized adenopathies]. | the effectiveness and security of azidothymidine (azt) in the treatment of patients with infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and persistent generalized adenopathies (pga), were assessed. thirty six patients with hiv infection and pga participate in the study. eighteen were treated with azt and the other 18 were included in the control group, since they did not accept the treatment. both groups were homogeneous with respect to their clinical, immunological and virological characte ... | 1992 | 1467400 |
| [immunoglobulins, beta-2 microglobulin and lymphocyte subpopulations in patients addicted to parenteral drugs (ivda)]. | disorders in serum immunoglobulins, beta-2 microglobulin and lymphocyte subpopulations in parenterally drug-addict patients (pdap) are analyzed. the study is divided in three parts. in the first one, a group of 33 hiv-negative pdap without intercurrent diseases is compared with a control group of healthy non-addict persons. in the second part, the differences between a group of 58 hiv-negative pdap and a group of 95 hiv-positive pdap are studied. in the third part, the differences between the gr ... | 1992 | 1467401 |
| [myopathy associated with infection by the human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (hiv-1)]. | we present a case of an active homosexual patient who was a paid donor of plasma and presented myopathy associated to infection by the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1). in the ultrastructural study of the muscular biopsy, we stress the formation of central intermyofibrillary "minocores", as well as the presence of nuclear extrusions in which the core is surrounded by mitochondrial accumulations. we review the clinical, histological and ultrastructural characteristics used to identity ... | 1992 | 1467406 |
| effects of therapy with didanosine on hematologic parameters in patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus disease. | myelosuppression is associated with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection and may also be produced by agents used for the treatment of the disease or the treatment of its complications. didanosine (ddl; 2',3'-dideoxyinosine) is a newer purine nucleoside that has recently become available for therapy for hiv infection. the effects of didanosine on peripheral blood counts have been retrospectively evaluated in the first 170 patients treated with this new agent in four phase i trials. patien ... | 1992 | 1467512 |
| aids vaccine: present problems and future perspectives. | vaccination has proved to be an effective means for the prevention of infectious diseases. advances in our understanding of the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and the immune system of the host may lay the foundation for the development of an aids vaccine. current attempts to develop vaccines focus on the development of substances that will produce a different type of immune response from that which occurs naturally. progress has been made in understanding the mechanisms by which the aids vir ... | 1992 | 1467536 |
| cerebral pathology in aids: a new nomenclature and pathogenetic concepts. | complementary to a clinical classification of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-associated nervous system syndromes, a neuropathology-based terminology defines entities at tissue level, including the new hiv-specific diseases, hiv encephalitis and hiv leukoencephalopathy. poor clinico-neuropathological correlation may be explained by complex pathogenetic mechanisms in which several factors, including virus load, neurotoxicity, vascular changes, and metabolic abnormalities, may act together to d ... | 1992 | 1467586 |
| smoking and the young. | over one quarter of the risk of death due to the sudden infant death syndrome (cot death) is attributable to maternal smoking. maternal smoking during pregnancy and infancy is one of the most important avoidable risk factors for infant death. nicotine is a drug of addiction. many young smokers are addicted to nicotine and develop withdrawal symptoms on stopping. smoking is an important marker for other types of drug abuse, e.g. alcohol, cannabis and cocaine. the earlier children start smoking, t ... | 1992 | 1467639 |
| the effects of breastfeeding and presence of antibody to p40tax protein of human t cell lymphotropic virus type-i on mother to child transmission. | we examined the effects of various factors, including duration of breastfeeding, the status of mother's anti-p40tax, and titre of mother's anti-human t cell lymphototropic virus type-i (htlv-i) on mother to child transmission of htlv-i in 76 htlv-i carrier mothers and 175 of their children. the overall prevalence of anti-htlv-i among children was 16.0%. the prevalence of anti-htlv-i among children breastfed for over 3 months was significantly higher (27.6%) than that of those breastfed for under ... | 1992 | 1468864 |
| htlv among israeli intravenous drug abusers. | since human t lymphotropic virus (htlv) infection was recently described in israel and other middle eastern countries, we have investigated the presence of htlv type 1 and type 2 in a group of 299 intravenous (iv) drug abusers who were seen at a large methadone clinic in the tel aviv area in 1986-1987. we found that 1.3% were seropositive to htlv. further testing revealed that htlv1 was the only htlv serotype. in addition, no coinfection hiv1/htlv1 and no hiv2 infection were detected. since all ... | 1992 | 1468865 |
| hairy leukoplakia with involvement of the buccal mucosa. | oral hairy leukoplakia occurs mainly on the tongue of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected persons. an hiv-infected patient with hairy leukoplakia involving the tongue and buccal mucosa was studied by light and electron microscopic methods, in situ hybridization, and polymerase chain reaction. our findings indicate that hairy leukoplakia may involve the buccal mucosa and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of white oral lesions in hiv-positive patients. epstein-barr virus p ... | 1992 | 1469145 |
| distinct signals in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 pr55 necessary for rna binding and particle formation. | the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) gag gene product pr55 self-assembles to form virus-like particles when expressed in spodoptera frugiperda cells using recombinant baculoviruses. the particles resemble immature hiv and are released from the infected cell into the culture medium. using this system we have progressively truncated the gag open reading frame from the c terminus and examined each deleted gag protein for its particle-producing capability. we show that deletion of pr6 and ... | 1992 | 1469349 |
| human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected hl-60 cells are capable of both monocytic and granulocytic differentiation. | we have used the human myelomonocytic cell line hl-60 as a model system to determine whether human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) infection affects differentiation of myeloid progenitor cells. hl-60 cells were infected with three hiv-1 isolates (iiib, nl4-3 and pm213). hiv-1 antigen expression and cytopathicity in hl-60 cells infected with each of the three isolates was delayed by approximately 15 days as compared to those in the prototypic t cell line, h9. chronically infected hl-60 cell ... | 1992 | 1469365 |
| malabsorption of different lactose loads in children with human immunodeficiency virus infection. | thirty children infected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) (18 p1 and 12 p2, according to the classification system of the centers for disease control) and 54 noninfected children were evaluated for lactose malabsorption with use of the hydrogen breath test after different lactose loads. lactose malabsorption after load of 2 g/kg occurred in 75% of p2, 67% of p1, and in 46% of noninfected children. with a lower lactose load (1 g/kg), the prevalence of malabsorption was significantly higher ... | 1992 | 1469521 |
| [infection caused by the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in prostitutes and risk factors]. | women dedicated to prostitution constitute a group at risk of acquiring the human immunodeficiency virus-1 (hiv-1). this study was designed with the aim of knowing the frequency of this infection in prostitutes and the factors associated to the same. | 1992 | 1469936 |
| summary report: workshop on animal models of human immunodeficiency virus infections in humans. armed forces retrovirus research group. | | 1992 | 1470380 |
| [laboratory problems of chemotherapy of viral infections in humans]. | the following problems are presented and discussed: scientific and epidemiologic basis of chemotherapy, relations of antiviral activity in vitro and in vivo especially important when new-drugs are developed and evaluated, inhibitors used in medical treatment and mechanisms of their antiviral functions, genesis and nature of virus resistance, possible role of interfering defective particles. the paper is addressed both to laboratories involved in new drugs construction as well to clinical ones pe ... | 1992 | 1470577 |
| cellular proteins bound to immunodeficiency viruses: implications for pathogenesis and vaccines. | cellular proteins associated with immunodeficiency viruses were identified by determination of the amino acid sequence of the proteins and peptides present in sucrose density gradient-purified human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-1, hiv-2, and simian immunodeficiency virus (siv). beta 2 microglobulin (beta 2m) and the alpha and beta chains of human lymphocyte antigen (hla) dr were present in virus preparations at one-fifth the concentration of gag on a molar basis. antisera to hla dr, beta 2 m, as ... | 1992 | 1470916 |
| protective effects of a live attenuated siv vaccine with a deletion in the nef gene. | vaccine protection against the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and the related simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) in animal models is proving to be a difficult task. the difficulty is due in large part to the persistent, unrelenting nature of hiv and siv infection once infection is initiated. siv with a constructed deletion in the auxiliary gene nef replicates poorly in rhesus monkeys and appears to be nonpathogenic in this normally susceptible host. rhesus monkeys vaccinated with live siv d ... | 1992 | 1470917 |
| disseminated histoplasmosis in patients with aids. | disseminated histoplasmosis (dh) is recognized as an opportunistic infection in patients with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), especially in regions where histoplasmosis is endemic. at the kansas university medical center 148 patients were hospitalized with the diagnosis of aids from december 1983 to march 1991; 23 of these patients (16%) had disseminated histoplasmosis. the charts of these 23 patients were reviewed. clinical signs and symptoms included fever (91%), cough (65%), and weigh ... | 1992 | 1470957 |
| continued monitoring for human immunodeficiency virus type 2 infections in california. | | 1992 | 1471252 |
| spectral and sequence similarity between vasoactive intestinal peptide and the second conserved region of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope glycoprotein (gp120): possible consequences on prevention and therapy of aids. | recently, in sera of hiv infected individuals, antibodies recognizing nonimmunogenic c-terminal domain of the second conserved region of hiv-1 gp120 were identified (1). these antibodies are significantly more prevalent in asymptomatic carriers than in aids patients (1). here we reported striking spectral and sequence homologies between human vasoactive intestinal peptide (vip) and the conserved peptide derived from hiv-1 gp120 which binds these antibodies. the possible consequences of these fin ... | 1992 | 1472041 |
| zinc binding by retroviral integrase. | zinc binding by integrase from moloney murine leukaemia virus and a protein a fusion protein containing integrase from human immunodeficiency virus type 1 was demonstrated by a zinc blotting technique using 65zncl2. autoradiography revealed a clear band that was absent from the appropriate controls. this band co-migrated with the major band in coomassie-stained gels and in immunoblots. this binding activity was retained in the presence of competing divalent cations and was sensitive to oxidation ... | 1992 | 1472053 |
| a novel anti-hiv synthetic peptide, t-22 ([tyr5,12,lys7]-polyphemusin ii). | tachyplesin and polyphemusin are antimicrobial peptides recently isolated from the hemocytes of horseshoe crabs (tachypleus tridentatus and limulus polyphemus). we synthesized them and their analogs and examined their antiviral activity against human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) type 1 in vitro. the infection of human t cells with the virus was markedly inhibited by some of them at low concentrations. in this structure-activity study, we found that [tyr5,12, lys7]-polyphemusin ii, which was desi ... | 1992 | 1472056 |
| antibodies to retroviral proteins in autoimmune connective tissue disease. relation to clinical manifestations and ribonucleoprotein autoantibodies. | to study the relationship between antibodies that recognize human retroviral proteins and the presence of clinical features and ribonucleoprotein antibodies in patients with autoimmune connective tissue diseases (ctds). | 1992 | 1472125 |
| isotypic distribution of hiv-1-specific antibodies in individuals from central africa. | individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) develop a humoral immune response to the virus's major structural gene products env, gag, and pol. the distribution of antibodies to env, gag, and pol proteins in central african populations is of interest as they have a high level of immune system activation compared to non-african populations. using the western blot technique, we analyzed the isotypic distribution of anti-hiv antibodies in 45 hiv-1-infected individuals from ... | 1992 | 1472277 |
| a method to analyze the interaction between gp120 of human immunodeficiency virus and cd4. | the study presents a new in vitro method to investigate the interaction between the glycoprotein (gp)120 of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and its receptor, cd4. the method is based on the binding of soluble recombinant cd4 to a human t cell line, 8e5, which constitutively expresses gp120 at its surface as a result of infection with hiv (lav) and lacks reverse transcriptase activity. the binding of cd4 to gp120 on the cell surface is revealed by immunofluorescence using a murine monoclonal a ... | 1992 | 1472279 |
| effect of magic johnson's hiv status on hiv-related attitudes and behaviors of an std clinic population. | this paper reports data on the effects that earvin "magic" johnson's announced hiv infection had on the clients of an philadelphia sexually-transmitted-disease (std) clinic. interviews conducted after johnson's announcement (n = 148) included questions about whether respondents had heard his announcement and how this news had influenced their sexual attitudes and behaviors. the findings include comparisons of matched samples (n = 138) of respondents interviewed before and after the news. the com ... | 1992 | 1472415 |
| child care providers and aids: a study of knowledge versus acceptance. | a survey of child care providers' knowledge of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) transmission and attitudes toward recommended child care policies regarding aids was conducted in a southeastern state. significant knowledge differences regarding hiv transmission were found between certain comparison groups, although all groups agreed more than disagreed with current information about hiv transmission. in contrast, the child care providers were uniformly more cautious than accepting of recommende ... | 1992 | 1472417 |
| [a new method of global search for functional dna segments using a fractal representation of nucleotide texts]. | new global method for computer prediction of functional sites in nucleotide sequences, based on the fractal representation, is presented. fractal representation of set of sequences (frs) provides simple way for generating recognitions matrix of functionally similar sequences and simple estimations of its efficiency for searching homologous regions in new sequences. other advantages of the method are absence of the necessity of sequences alignment during generating based set and searching new hom ... | 1992 | 1472562 |
| intestinal enterocytozoon bieneusi microsporidiosis in an hiv-infected patient: diagnosis by ileo-colonoscopic biopsies and long-term follow up. | a 39-year-old patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome was diagnosed as having intestinal enterocytozoon bieneusi microsporidiosis after persistent watery diarrhea for 30 months and a 16-kg weight loss. microsporidian parasites were found by light and electron microscopy in tissue specimens of the duodenum, jejunum, and terminal ileum, and by light microscopic examination of stool specimens. when duodenal tissue sections obtained 16 months previously were reviewed retrospectively, e. bien ... | 1992 | 1472831 |
| immune signalling at the maternal-fetal interface and trophoblast differentiation. | in this review the afferent and efferent signals involved in immune signalling at the maternal-fetal interface are highlighted in the light of recent information. mhc antigen expression is reviewed. immunizing mothers against class i and ii mhc antigens can prevent spontaneous fetal resorption in mice. in addition, the csf family of cytokines is not only secreted in placental tissues, but also play a role in trophoblast proliferation and differentiation. gm-csf in particular appears to promote t ... | 1992 | 1473593 |
| psychosocial issues in hemophilia before and after the hiv crisis: a review of current research. | the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) has had a fundamental impact on quality of life, delivery of care, and directions of research efforts for the hemophilia community. studies of psychosocial issues in hemophilia before and after the hiv crisis are reviewed. before this crisis, research addressed personality factors and coping, family functioning, impact of psychological factors on bleeding, effects of home treatment, and school functioning. after hiv problems surfaced, research focused on ps ... | 1992 | 1473709 |
| [hiv infection in pregnancy]. | the epidemic of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) is now affecting populations that were less susceptible in the early 1980s. it is estimated that 8% of patients with aids in the us are women in the reproductive age, and 1% are children. in israel up to 1992, 134 women and 14 children of infected parents were reported as carrying antibodies against the virus. a pregnant women who was a carrier prompted us to formulate various questions as to how the infection affects pregnancy and vice versa, p ... | 1992 | 1473760 |
| [human immunodeficiency virus and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: a new problem in transplantation]. | | 1992 | 1474799 |
| a simple method for overproduction and purification of p24 gag protein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. | a simple method for the overproduction in escherichia coli and purification of major core protein p24 of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) was described. the gag-pol region encoding p24, p15, and protease was fused to 3' end of lacz gene on plasmid. a lacz-gag fusion protein, the major primary product, is designed to be cleaved by the hiv-1 protease coexpressed through frameshifting. in fact, p24 and its immediate precursor, p25, were produced in the cells grown at 25c, but not at 37c. ... | 1992 | 1474933 |
| a prospective study on correlation between the decrease in anti-p17 antibody level and progression to aids in asymptomatic carriers of hiv. | as the majority of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) carriers are in asymptomatic stage for a long period of time, it is important to investigate the factors or surrogate markers for conversion from asymptomatic to symptomatic stage. our study is designed to evaluate the relationship among virus isolation rate, anti-p17 antibody status and progression to aids. we studied anti-p17 antibody status along with virus isolation in 56 asymptomatic carriers and 46 aids cases. progression to aids was ma ... | 1992 | 1474934 |
| [candida laryngitis and hiv infection: description of 4 cases]. | candidiasic laryngitis is a very rare candida spp infection of mucosa, appearing typically in immunosuppressed patients, mainly in patients with neoplasia, and, recently, in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (vih) infection. we present four cases of candidiasic laryngitis and hiv infection, as well as the clinical description and evolution of said cases after treatment with fluconazole. we review, as well, the cases published on the scientific literature. we maintain that in each hiv in ... | 1992 | 1475441 |
| [doppler echocardiography assessment of cardiac abnormalities in parenteral drug addicts]. | we studied by echocardiographic-doppler 114 consecutive intravenous drugs addicts (ivda); 91 were positive human immunodeficiency virus (hiv+) and 23 negatives. we classified them in five groups; beginning the negative hiv as group 0, and groups i to iv stratified according the central disease control (cdc) classification. we compared the cardiac abnormalities founded between themselves and a control group presumed healthy persons of similar age. the cardiac cavities dimensions showed a statisti ... | 1992 | 1475492 |
| ocular syphilis. | there has been a steady increase in the number of cases of syphilis in the united states since the middle 1980s, with a dramatic rise in incidence among heterosexual men and women and of congenital syphilis. there also have been changes in geographic distribution of cases and an association with cocaine use. the ophthalmologic manifestations of syphilis are broad. there is anecdotal evidence that the natural history of syphilitic infection is altered by coinfection with human immunodeficiency vi ... | 1992 | 1475754 |
| aspects of tuberculosis in africa. 1. tuberculosis in africa in the aids era--the role of chemoprophylaxis. | an estimated 2.8 million people in africa have dual infections with tuberculosis and human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). because of the increasing numbers of cases of tuberculosis as a consequence of the hiv epidemic, chemoprophylaxis may become a cost effective tuberculosis control measure in high prevalence countries. although isoniazid (inh) is the only drug evaluated in controlled trials of preventive tuberculosis therapy, studies are now under way to determine the efficacy of inh and other ... | 1992 | 1475804 |
| aspects of tuberculosis in africa. 2. the value of microbiology in the management of tuberculosis in nairobi, kenya. | a group of african patients with tuberculosis were followed over the first month of treatment to assess the bactericidal response to 2 treatment regimens (streptomycin/thiacetazone/isoniazid and streptomycin/rifampicin/isoniazid/pyrazinamide). patients also infected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) had lower pre-treatment counts of viable mycobacterium tuberculosis and a greater proportion became culture-negative by 28 d. the response to therapy in hiv positive and hiv negative patients w ... | 1992 | 1475805 |
| the effect of human immunodeficiency virus infection on the distribution and outcome of pneumonia in intensive care units. | to determine the frequency and distribution of pneumonia in an intensive care unit (icu), we retrospectively examined the records of 1,854 consecutive icu admissions between january 1987 and april 1990. a total of 266 patients met criteria for pneumonia (unilateral or bilateral infiltrate by chest roentgenogram, plus 2 of the following: leukocyte count > 10 x 10(9) per liter, temperature > 38.5 degrees c, or culture of blood or sputum positive for pathogens). pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in pa ... | 1992 | 1475945 |
| failure of therapy for tuberculosis in human immunodeficiency virus infection. | optimum treatment of tuberculosis in persons with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection is still being defined. tuberculosis treatment failure in an hiv-infected patient is described and 10 similar cases from the medical literature are reviewed to search for common patterns associated with an adverse outcome of therapy in this setting. six patients were poorly compliant. in nine patients, the subsequent episode of tuberculosis was disseminated or extrapulmonary; in four the central nervou ... | 1992 | 1476156 |
| hiv and skin disease: the molecular biology of the human immunodeficiency virus. | the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) is a member of a family of retroviruses that cause chronic persistent infections in animals and in humans. the structure of this virus resembles that of other retroviruses but also contains important and complex regulatory elements. the expression of hiv can be influenced by the action of exogenous agents and cytokines. hiv has been isolated from a number of cell types, including cells in the skin, using sensitive detection methods such as the polymerase ch ... | 1992 | 1476157 |
| presence of human immunodeficiency virus nucleic acids in wastewater and their detection by polymerase chain reaction. | the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) released by infected individuals or present in human and hospital wastes can potentially cause contamination problems. the presence of hiv-1 was investigated in 16 environmental samples, including raw wastewater, sludge, final effluent, soil, and pond water, collected from different locations. a method was developed to extract total nucleic acids in intact form directly from the raw samples or from the viral concentrates of the raw samples. the iso ... | 1992 | 1476440 |
| disseminated cutaneous sporotrichosis associated with anergic immuno-suppression due to miliary tuberculosis. | a 52-years-old policeman suffering from tuberculous meningitis, developed pseudo-umbilicated nodular skin lesions which increased rapidly in size during the course of his illness. histology revealed cutaneous sporotrichosis. human immuno-deficiency virus infection was excluded by absence of history of exposure and repeated negative serological test for hiv antibodies. the tuberculin test was also negative. anti-tuberculous therapy failed to prevent a fatal outcome 3 months after admission to hos ... | 1992 | 1476967 |
| evaluation of new anti-infective drugs for the treatment of chancroid. infectious diseases society of america and the food and drug administration. | chancroid is a mucocutaneous infection caused by haemophilus ducreyi that produces ulcerative lesions and enhances the efficiency of transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). confirmation of infection by culture of h. ducreyi is essential in therapeutic trials. minimal inhibitory concentrations of antibiotics for the isolate should be determined by agar dilution. patients should be evaluated by appropriate laboratory tests for syphilis, infection with herpes simplex virus, gonorrhea, a ... | 1992 | 1477217 |
| humoral response to mycobacterium tuberculosis in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. | the effect of the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) on mycobacterial antibody production was investigated. using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for detecting igg against mycobacterium tuberculosis ppd, it was observed that individuals at risk of hiv infection show a pattern of humoral response to the tubercle bacillus similar to that previously found in the immunocompetent population not exposed to risk factors: 6 of 12 (50.0%) tuberculosis cases had elevated levels of antibodies ... | 1992 | 1477383 |
| cohort study of hiv-positive and hiv-negative tuberculosis, nairobi, kenya: comparison of bacteriological results. | we have set up a cohort of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) positive and negative patients with tuberculosis in order to address the problems associated with hiv-related tuberculosis. we present here the results of sputum smear microscopy, culture, mycobacterial identification tests and drug susceptibility assays from specimens taken at presentation. in this selected population of largely pulmonary tuberculosis cases, hiv infection is not associated with significant differences in sputum smear ... | 1992 | 1477386 |
| multiple-stimulus presentation and voice control in automated perimetry. | in all, 55 eyes of 55 patients were examined prospectively in random order with the humphrey field analyzer [central field 76 points, full threshold strategy, single-stimulus presentation, response-button control (hfa 1); central field 76 points, defect-depth strategy, response-button control (hfa 2)] and the dicon tks-4000 [central field 76 points, defect-depth strategy, multiple-stimulus presentation, response-button control (dic 1); central field 76 points, defect-depth strategy, multiple-sti ... | 1992 | 1477632 |
| quantitative rna and dna gene amplification can rapidly monitor hiv infection and antiviral activity in cell cultures. | we have developed a quantitative gene amplification procedure to assess the replication of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) in cell cultures and evaluate the effect of drugs on viral replication. increases in hiv gag rna and dna in phytohemagglutinin-stimulated normal peri-pheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) infected with hiv at very low multiplicity of infection paralleled the production of hiv p24 antigen in culture supernatants. quantitative gene amplification was able to monitor the accu ... | 1992 | 1477661 |
| improved blood sample processing for pcr. | to simplify our procedure for blood sample processing for pcr, we introduced a simpler, shorter, and more cost-effective method for the separation of peripheral blood lymphocytes (pbl) and dna extraction for amplification with taq polymerase. by this method, blood samples are processed in two simple 15-min steps: (1) separation of pbls from whole blood by red blood cell lysis with the roche specimen washing solution, and (2) dna extraction by heat-detergent treatment of separated pbls. this new ... | 1992 | 1477670 |
| an experiential program to reduce aids risk among female sex partners of injection-drug users. | this article describes the development and implementation of an acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) intervention program for female sex partners of male injection-drug users. four psychoeducational workshops were designed to motivate personal risk reduction, provide participants with necessary cognitive and behavioral skills, and enhance participants' perceived ability to enact positive changes in their lives. the development of the workshop modules was guided by traditional theories of h ... | 1992 | 1478552 |
| a rational design of synthetic peptide vaccine with a built-in adjuvant. a modular approach for unambiguity. | we describe a peptide vaccine model containing a built-in adjuvant. this model used a multiple antigen peptide system (maps) to amplify peptide antigens and a lipoamino acid, tripalmitoyl glyceryl cysteine (p3c), as a built-in adjuvant. an 18-residue peptide antigen (b2) derived from the third variable domain (amino acid 312-329) of the glycoprotein gp120 of type i human immunodeficiency virus (hiv-1) was used in this model. this peptide antigen is a suitable target since it consists of neutrali ... | 1992 | 1478779 |
| caring for the professional caregiver: the application of caplan's model of consultation in the era of hiv. | nurses as well as other health-care professionals have been impacted by the current human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) epidemic. issues related to virus transmission, voluntary testing, and professional requirements to provide care for those infected can trigger emotional as well as cognitive responses for all involved. the heavy emotional needs of patients and the regular confrontation of death increase the risk of burnout for those caring for the growing number of patients with acquired immuno ... | 1992 | 1478862 |
| granulomatous rosacea in a child infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. | | 1992 | 1479080 |
| human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) seroprevalence surveys. | the seroprevalence surveys being conducted in the kansas city area have to date tested 15,778 persons and resulted in 85 seropositive hiv tests. the sexually transmitted disease (std) surveys and women's surveys fall in the lowest quartile of the combined national surveys. the drug treatment (ivdu) survey data were comparable to the median national seroprevalence of 3.8%. seroprevalence rates in the std surveys were 41 times that of women's surveys, and the ivdu surveys were 104 times that of th ... | 1992 | 1480125 |
| projections of the number of persons diagnosed with aids and the number of immunosuppressed hiv-infected persons--united states, 1992-1994. | this report presents projections of the number of persons who will initially be diagnosed with a condition included in the 1987 surveillance definition for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) in the united states during the period 1992-1994. the report also presents estimates and projections of the prevalence of persons infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) who have cd4+ t-lymphocyte (t-cell) counts < 200/microl and who have not been diagnosed with a condition listed in the ... | 1992 | 1480128 |
| detection of hiv-1 infections by pcr: evaluation in a seropositive subject population. | to study the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) performance in detecting human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infections, we tested 53 hiv-1 seropositive patients and 29 hiv-1 seronegative subjects for four different hiv-1 dna regions. fifty-one seropositive patients were found positive by pcr with at least one primer pair, but two were repeatedly negative for all primers. weekly blood samples from 12 seropositive subjects all detected positive for at least one primer pair, but for three patients an ... | 1992 | 1480185 |
| inhibition of hiv by an anti-hiv protease synthetic peptide blocks an early step of viral replication. | the processing of the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) gag and gag-pol precursor proteins by the virus-encoded protease is an essential step in maturation of infectious virus particles. like most retroviral proteases, the hiv protease belongs to the aspartyl-protease family and can be inhibited by specific inhibitors. twenty-four synthetic peptides known to be inhibitors of human renin were tested for inhibition of hiv replication in tissue cultures. one of them, a synthetic peptide analogue, ... | 1992 | 1480823 |
| in vitro infection of human placental trophoblast by wild-type vaccinia virus and recombinant virus expressing hiv envelope glycoprotein. | short-time (< or = 7 days) cultures of trophoblast mononuclear cells isolated from term placentae were challenged with vaccinia virus. cytopathic effects were induced in crude placental cell preparations as well as in cultures established after negative immunosorting of major histocompatibility complex class i epitope-expressing cells, i.e. cultures exclusively derived from villous cytotrophoblast according to our present state of knowledge. the trophoblast in vitro supported a full replicative ... | 1992 | 1480824 |
| pharmacokinetics of r 82913 in aids patients: a phase i dose-finding study of oral administration compared with intravenous infusion. | the pharmacokinetics of oral administration of r 82913, or tetrahydroimidazol [4,5,1-jk]-benzodiazepin-2(1h)-one or -thione (tibo), was compared with those of intravenous administration in five aids patients. tibo was administered as a single daily 1-h infusion of 100 mg for 29 days and orally as a single daily dose for 14 days with three consecutive regimens of 100, 200, and 100 mg with probenecid (1 g) daily. each cycle was followed by a wash-out period. oral bioavailability of tibo appears to ... | 1992 | 1482134 |
| pharmacokinetics of sch-39304 in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients following chronic oral dosing. | the pharmacokinetics of sch-39304, an investigational, orally active, broad-spectrum antifungal agent, were evaluated in 17 adult, human immunodeficiency virus-positive males. patients were studied on days 1 and 16 and were divided into the following three treatment groups: (i) patients with culture-proven oropharyngeal candidiasis who were not receiving concurrent zidovudine therapy and who were treated with 50 mg of sch-39304 daily (n = 6); (ii) patients with culture-proven oropharyngeal candi ... | 1992 | 1482146 |
| [neuropsychological changes in drug addicts infected with human immunodeficiency virus]. | the early organic mental disorder, caused by the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv) in the drug dependents (dd), if it is not taken into account, can disturb the diagnosis of the neuropsychiatric and the toxic disorders. the authors attempt to outline, with several neuropsychological tests (visuo-perceptual, memory, attention) and with the physical and neurologic exploration, if cognitive abnormalities are present in two groups of dd after detoxification period. the first group is infecte ... | 1992 | 1482276 |
| alpha-lipoic acid is a potent inhibitor of nf-kappa b activation in human t cells. | acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) results from infection with a human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). the long terminal repeat (ltr) region of hiv proviral dna contains binding sites for nuclear factor kappa b (nf-kappa b), and this transcriptional activator appears to regulate hiv activation. recent findings suggest an involvement of reactive oxygen species (ros) in signal transduction pathways leading to nf-kappa b activation. the present study was based on reports that antioxidants whic ... | 1992 | 1482376 |
| risk of human immunodeficiency virus infection among peace corps volunteers in zaire. | | 1992 | 1482471 |
| moderate heat treatment of bone allografts. experimental results of osteointegration. | the use of bone allografts is often essential in orthopedic surgery. strict donor screening, including hiv testing 3 months postoperatively, is mandatory before a transplant may be used. yet these measures do not definitely rule out the possibility of hiv transmission, as there is a window period before infection is revealed by blood testing. accordingly, there is a need for virus inactivation methods that can be used on bone allografts. as radiation treatment and chemical methods have a number ... | 1992 | 1482613 |
| reported seroconversions to human immunodeficiency virus among workers worldwide--a review. | the authors undertook a review of published articles on reported worldwide seroconversions to the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) among workers who sustained occupational exposure to hiv. documented seroconversions are occupational exposures for which the worker is tested and found negative for hiv antibody shortly after the exposure (usually within 30 days). the worker may develop symptoms of a retroviral illness, and seroconversion occurs usually within six months. in all cases the worker i ... | 1992 | 1482777 |
| interferon therapy in intravenous drug users with hiv-associated idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. | there is no generally accepted treatment for human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)--associated idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (itp). recombinant alpha interferon (rifn) has been used in classic itp with conflicting results. we have tested its activity in a group of intravenous drug users (ivdus) with hiv-associated itp, who also had a high prevalence of chronic liver disease. | 1992 | 1483592 |
| the family physician's contribution to the care of patients in the final stages of hiv infection. | this article concludes the monthly series developed from the aoa task force on aids writers' workshop, held august 16 to 18, 1991, in new york. the workshop was sponsored by an education grant from burroughs wellcome. this series has provided brief clinical updates and perspectives on the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). readers may request tear sheets from the aoa editorial offices. | 1992 | 1483882 |
| selective neuronal vulnerability in hiv encephalitis. | recent studies of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) encephalitis have shown that in addition to well established white matter damage, the neocortex shows thinning, loss of large neurons and dendritic damage. in order to identify neuronal populations affected in hiv encephalitis and to determine how neuronal damage relates to the severity of hiv infection within the nervous system, we quantified parvalbumin (pv+) and neurofilament (nf+) immunoreactive neurons in the frontal cortex and h ... | 1992 | 1484289 |
| [neurologic manifestations are especially frequent in infection by human immunodeficiency virus or hiv]. | | 1992 | 1484516 |
| inhibitory effect of tannic acid sulfate and related sulfates on infectivity, cytopathic effect, and giant cell formation of human immunodeficiency virus. | the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) is thought to result from infection of t cells by a pathogenic human retrovirus, human immunodeficiency virus [hiv (htlv-iii/lav)]. in this report, we synthesized sulfated plant polyphenols such as tannic acid sulfate, rutin sulfate, ellagic acid sulfate, (-)-epicatechin sulfate, and (-)-epigallocatechin 3-gallate sulfate, and examined the in vitro inhibitory effect on hiv infection using human t-cell lymphotropic virus type-i-carrying mt-4 cells, w ... | 1992 | 1484893 |
| cutaneous manifestations of human immunodeficiency virus infection. | | 1992 | 1485039 |
| sexual behavior, smoking, and hiv-1 infection in haitian women. | to determine whether a previously observed association between human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) infection and smoking in haitian women could be explained by confounding high-risk behaviors. | 1992 | 1485894 |
| serum erythropoietin levels in anaemic patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus infection. | this study attempts to evaluate the adequacy of the erythropoietin (epo) response in 42 anaemic patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection [30 with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) and 12 with aids-related conditions] by comparing their serum epo levels with those found in a non-hiv reference population consisting of 36 patients with anaemia of chronic disorders (acd) and 57 with iron deficiency anaemia (ida). although the average hb concentration was similar in ... | 1992 | 1486042 |
| potent gp120-like neurotoxic activity in the cerebrospinal fluid of hiv-infected individuals is blocked by peptide t. | the envelope protein of the human immunodeficiency virus (gp120) causes neuronal death in developing murine hippocampal cultures or rat retinal ganglion cells. in hiv-infected individuals, gp120 released from hiv-infected macrophages or other cells in the brain has been proposed as the etiology for the pathophysiology of aids central nervous system (cns) disease by diffusing to act at a distance to cause damage and/or death to neighboring neurons. in this study, 28 cerebrospinal fluid (csf) samp ... | 1992 | 1486472 |
| an alternative approach to confirming anti-hiv reactivity: a multi-country collaborative study. | the confirmation of positive screening assay reactions for antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (anti-hiv-1) by western blot is expensive and often gives indeterminate results. we therefore carried out a collaborative study to investigate the confirmation of screening assay reactions using a second screening assay. for this purpose, seven laboratories prospectively tested sequential specimens, using at least one additional screening assay, until about 50 confirmed anti-hiv-1-positiv ... | 1992 | 1486672 |
| decreasing incidence of pid in amsterdam. | to study the incidence of pelvic inflammatory disease (pid) in amsterdam in the period 1983-1990. | 1992 | 1487254 |
| fourniers gangrene following hyfrecation in a male infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. | | 1992 | 1487264 |
| hiv and aids among adolescents in the united states: increasing risk in the 1990s. | acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) and human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) are growing problems among u.s. adolescents. by examining recent data on aids surveillance and hiv seroprevalence, surveys on teenagers' knowledge, beliefs, and behaviors related to hiv/aids, key treatment issues, and barriers to prevention, this manuscript reviews the problem and proposes possible ways of combating it. african american youth have the highest rates of aids and white youth the lowest. however, the la ... | 1992 | 1487574 |
| [liver damage and hepatotropic virus infections in drug addicts]. | | 1992 | 1488832 |
| glomerular disease and human immunodeficiency virus infection in brazil. | clinically overt glomerular disease was detected in 6 (1.1%) of 543 patients with hiv infection followed at a brazilian national referral center for aids. in 4 cases, glomerulosclerosis was present (focal and segmental in 3, diffuse and global in 1) and rapid progression to terminal renal failure was observed 1-10 months after clinical presentation. the other 2 patients died with normal renal function, and autopsy studies suggested the diagnosis of minimal change disease. clinically overt glomer ... | 1992 | 1488997 |