| an in vivo selection identifies listeria monocytogenes genes required to sense the intracellular environment and activate virulence factor expression. | listeria monocytogenes is an environmental saprophyte and facultative intracellular bacterial pathogen with a well-defined life-cycle that involves escape from a phagosome, rapid cytosolic growth, and acta-dependent cell-to-cell spread, all of which are dependent on the master transcriptional regulator prfa. the environmental cues that lead to temporal and spatial control of l. monocytogenes virulence gene expression are poorly understood. in this study, we took advantage of the robust up-regula ... | 2016 | 27414028 |
| [pi3-kinase activation is critical for host barrier permissiveness to listeria monocytogenes]. | | 2016 | 27406757 |
| tlr and tnf-r1 activation of the mkk3/mkk6-p38α axis in macrophages is mediated by tpl-2 kinase. | previous studies suggested that toll-like receptor (tlr) stimulation of the p38α map kinase (mapk) is mediated by transforming growth factor-β-activated kinase 1 (tak1) activation of mapk kinases, mkk3, mkk4 and mkk6. we used quantitative mass spectrometry to monitor tumour progression locus 2 (tpl-2)-dependent protein phosphorylation following tlr4 stimulation with lipopolysaccharide, comparing macrophages from wild-type mice and map3k8(d270a/d270a) mice expressing catalytically inactive tpl-2 ... | 2016 | 27402796 |
| il-17a-producing resident memory γδ t cells orchestrate the innate immune response to secondary oral listeria monocytogenes infection. | memory γδ t cells are important for the clearance of listeria monocytogenes infection in the intestinal mucosa. however, the mechanisms by which memory γδ t cells provide protection against secondary oral infection are poorly understood. here we used a recombinant strain of l. monocytogenes that efficiently invades the intestinal epithelium to show that vγ4(+) memory γδ t cells represent a resident memory (trm) population in the mesenteric lymph nodes (mlns). the γδ trm exhibited a remarkably st ... | 2016 | 27402748 |
| two novel members of the lhrc family of small rnas in listeria monocytogenes with overlapping regulatory functions but distinctive expression profiles. | multicopy small rnas (srnas) have gained recognition as an important feature of bacterial gene regulation. in the human pathogen listeria monocytogenes, 5 homologous srnas, called lhrc1-5, control gene expression by base pairing to target mrnas though 3 conserved uccc motifs common to all 5 lhrcs. we show here that the srnas rli22 and rli33-1 are structurally and functionally related to lhrc1-5, expanding the lhrc family to 7 members, which makes it the largest multicopy srna family reported so ... | 2016 | 27400116 |
| influence of food intrinsic complexity on listeria monocytogenes growth in/on vacuum-packed model systems at suboptimal temperatures. | food intrinsic factors e.g., food (micro)structure, compositional and physicochemical aspects, which are mutually dependent, influence microbial growth. while the effect of composition and physicochemical properties on microbial growth has been thoroughly assessed and characterised, the role of food (micro)structure still remains unravelled. most studies on food (micro)structure focus on comparing planktonic growth in liquid (microbiological) media with colonial growth in/on solid-like systems o ... | 2016 | 27393885 |
| cyclic di-amp targets the cystathionine beta-synthase domain of the osmolyte transporter opuc. | cellular turgor is of fundamental importance to bacterial growth and survival. changes in external osmolarity as a consequence of fluctuating environmental conditions and colonization of diverse environments can significantly impact cytoplasmic water content, resulting in cellular lysis or plasmolysis. to ensure maintenance of appropriate cellular turgor, bacteria import ions and small organic osmolytes, deemed compatible solutes, to equilibrate cytoplasmic osmolarity with the extracellular envi ... | 2016 | 27378384 |
| a human pathogenic bacterial infection model using the two-spotted cricket, gryllus bimaculatus. | invertebrate animal species that can withstand temperatures as high as 37°c, the human body temperature, are limited. in the present study, we utilized the two-spotted cricket, gryllus bimaculatus, which lives in tropical and subtropical regions, as an animal model of human pathogenic bacterial infection. injection of pseudomonas aeruginosa or staphylococcus aureus into the hemolymph killed crickets. injected p. aeruginosa or s. aureus proliferated in the hemolymph until the cricket died. the ab ... | 2016 | 27377894 |
| survival and growth of listeria monocytogenes on whole cantaloupes is dependent on site of contamination and storage temperature. | whole cantaloupes (cucumis melo l.), marketed as 'rocky ford', were implicated in a large multi-state outbreak of listeriosis in the united states in 2011; however, survival and growth of listeria monocytogenes on whole cantaloupes remains relatively unexplored. the research presented here evaluated three different storage temperatures, two sites of contamination of cantaloupes, and two cantaloupe varieties to determine their effect on the survival of l. monocytogenes. 'athena' and 'rocky ford' ... | 2016 | 27376678 |
| antilisterial peptides from spanish dry-cured hams: purification and identification. | the typical spanish dry-cured ham has a particular sensory quality that makes it a distinctive food, highly appreciated for consumers worldwide. its particular physicochemical properties, such as high salt content and reduced water activity contribute to their shelf-stability. however, post-processing actions carried out for the commercialization of these products such as slicing may increase the risk of development of pathogenic microorganisms as listeria monocytogenes. during ripening, muscle ... | 2016 | 27375254 |
| chitosan boosts the antimicrobial activity of origanum vulgare essential oil in modified atmosphere packaged pork. | the potential of chitosan as a possible booster of the antimicrobial activity of origanum vulgare eo (oeo) against spoilage bacteria and listeria monocytogenes was investigated in fresh pork meat. pork fillets were inoculated with 3 l. monocytogenes strains, dipped either in origanum vulgare (oregano) essential oil (oeo) at 2 and 4%, or in chitosan 1% alone or added with 2 and 4% oeo, then packed under modified atmosphere (70% o2, 20% co2, 10% n2) and stored at 4 °c for 15 days. oeo did not redu ... | 2016 | 27375241 |
| potential for transfer of escherichia coli o157:h7, listeria monocytogenes and salmonella senftenberg from contaminated food waste derived compost and anaerobic digestate liquid to lettuce plants. | the diversion of food wastes from landfill to sustainable disposal methods, such as composting and anaerobic digestion, has led to an increase in the soil amendment products that are now commercially available and which are derived from both of these processes. the use of such products as soil amendments during the production of ready-to-eat (rte) crops is increasing worldwide. the aim of this study was to investigate the potential of three well-recognised bacterial pathogens of importance to pu ... | 2016 | 27375239 |
| listeria monocytogenes meningitis in the elderly: epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic findings. | listeria monocytogenes is a gram-positive bacillus and facultative intracellular bacterium whose transmission occurs mainly through the consumption of contaminated food, l. monocytogenes invades the host cells using various protein and can escape to the human t-cell immune system by cell-to-cell spreading. if the infection is not controlled at the stage in which the bacterium is in the liver, for instance, due to a severe immunodepression, a secondary bacteraemia can be developed and l. monocyto ... | 2016 | 27367319 |
| microbial indicator profiling of fresh produce and environmental samples from farms and packing facilities in northern mexico. | to compare microbiological indicator and pathogen contamination among different types of fresh produce and environmental samples along the production chain, 636 samples of produce (rinsates from cantaloupe melons, jalapeño peppers, and tomatoes) and environmental samples (rinsates from hands of workers, soil, and water) were collected at four successive steps in the production process (from the field before harvest through the packing facility) on 11 farms in northern mexico during 2011 and 2012 ... | 2016 | 27357040 |
| effect of grapefruit seed extract on thermal inactivation of listeria monocytogenes during sous-vide processing of two marinated mexican meat entrées. | d- and z-values for listeria monocytogenes were obtained for two mexican meat entrées: pork meat marinated in tomatillo (green tomato) sauce (pts) and beef marinated in a red chili sauce (brcs), with addition of 0, 200, and 800 ppm of grapefruit seed extract (gse). meat samples inoculated with l. monocytogenes were packaged in sterile bags, immersed in a water bath, and held at 55, 57.5, 60, and 62.5°c for different periods of time. depending upon the temperature, d-values at 0 ppm of gse ranged ... | 2016 | 27357037 |
| listeria monocytogenes in retail delicatessens: an interagency risk assessment-risk mitigations. | cross-contamination, improper holding temperatures, and insufficient sanitary practices are known retail practices that may lead to product contamination and growth of listeria monocytogenes. however, the relative importance of control options to mitigate the risk of invasive listeriosis from ready-to-eat (rte) products sliced or prepared at retail is not well understood. this study illustrates the utility of a quantitative risk assessment model described in a first article of this series (pouil ... | 2016 | 27357026 |
| expansion of amphibian intronless interferons revises the paradigm for interferon evolution and functional diversity. | interferons (ifns) are key cytokines identified in vertebrates and evolutionary dominance of intronless ifn genes in amniotes is a signature event in ifn evolution. for the first time, we show that the emergence and expansion of intronless ifn genes is evident in amphibians, shown by 24-37 intronless ifn genes in each frog species. amphibian ifns represent a molecular complex more complicated than those in other vertebrate species, which revises the established model of ifn evolution to facilita ... | 2016 | 27356970 |
| effect of glucose on listeria monocytogenes biofilm formation, and assessment of the biofilm's sanitation tolerance. | listeria monocytogenes is an important cause of human foodborne infections and its ability to form biofilms is a serious concern to the food industry. to reveal the effect of glucose conditions on biofilm formation of l. monocytogenes, 20 strains were investigated under three glucose conditions (0.1, 1.0, and 2.0% w v(-1)) by quantifying the number of cells in the biofilm and observing the biofilm structure after incubation for 24, 72, and 168 h. in addition, the biofilms were examined for their ... | 2016 | 27353113 |
| dual-track clearance of circulating bacteria balances rapid restoration of blood sterility with induction of adaptive immunity. | efficient clearance of bacteremia prevents life-threatening disease. platelet binding to intravascular bacteria, a process involving platelet glycoprotein gpib and bacterial opsonization with activated complement c3, influences blood clearance and anti-infective immunity. using intravital microscopy of the bloodstream of mice infected with listeria monocytogenes, we show that bacterial clearance is not a uniform process but a "dual-track" mechanism consisting of parallel "fast" and "slow" pathwa ... | 2016 | 27345696 |
| [rhomboencephalitis and endocarditis caused by listeria monocytogenes: an unreported association]. | | 2016 | 27345281 |
| photo-enhancement of macrophage phagocytic activity via rac1-mediated signaling pathway: implications for bacterial infection. | phagocytosis and the subsequent destruction of invading pathogens by macrophages are indispensable steps in host immune responses to microbial infections. low-power laser irradiation (lpli) has been found to exert photobiological effects on immune responses, but the signaling mechanisms underlying this photobiomodulation of phagocytosis remains largely unknown. here, we demonstrated for the first time that lpli enhanced the phagocytic activity of macrophages by stimulating the activation of rac1 ... | 2016 | 27345261 |
| listeria monocytogenes peritonitis in an hivinfected patient. | we report the first case of listeria monocytogenes peritoneal dialysis (pd) peritonitis in a human immunodeficiency virus-infected individual successfully treated with intraperitoneal ampicillin, without the need for catheter removal. suspicion of listerial infection in at-risk individuals is critical as empiric antimicrobial treatment for pd-associated infections may be ineffective against this organism. | 2016 | 27345188 |
| antibiotic treatment and mortality in patients with listeria monocytogenes meningitis or bacteraemia. | invasive listeria monocytogenes infections carry a high mortality despite antibiotic treatment. the rareness of the infection makes it difficult to improve antibiotic treatment through randomized clinical trials. this observational study investigated clinical features and outcome of invasive l. monocytogenes infections including the efficacy of empiric and definitive antibiotic therapies. demographic, clinical and biochemical findings, antibiotic treatment and 30-day mortality for all episodes o ... | 2016 | 27345176 |
| modeling and validation of the ecological behavior of wild-type listeria monocytogenes and stress-resistant variants. | listeria monocytogenes exhibits a heterogeneous response upon stress exposure which can be partially attributed to the presence of stable stress-resistant variants. this study aimed to evaluate the impact of the presence of stress-resistant variants of listeria monocytogenes and their corresponding trade-offs on population composition under different environmental conditions. a set of stress robustness and growth parameters of the wild type (wt) and an rpsu deletion variant was obtained and used ... | 2016 | 27342563 |
| identification of surface protein biomarkers of listeria monocytogenes via bioinformatics and antibody-based protein detection tools. | the gram-positive bacterium listeria monocytogenes causes a significant percentage of the fatalities among foodborne illnesses in humans. surface proteins specifically expressed in a wide range of l. monocytogenes serotypes under selective enrichment culture conditions could serve as potential biomarkers for detection and isolation of this pathogen via antibody-based methods. our study aimed to identify such biomarkers. interrogation of the l. monocytogenes serotype 4b strain f2365 genome identi ... | 2016 | 27342549 |
| factors influencing the time between onset of illness and specimen collection in the diagnosis of non-pregnancy associated listeriosis in england and wales. | listeriosis is an opportunistic bacterial infection caused by listeria monocytogenes and predominantly affects people who are immunocompromised. due to its severity and the population at risk, prompt clinical diagnosis and treatment of listeriosis is essential. a major step to making a clinical diagnosis is the collection of the appropriate specimen(s) for testing. this study explores factors that may influence the time between onset of illness and collection of specimen in order to inform clini ... | 2016 | 27341796 |
| rna purification from intracellularly grown listeria monocytogenes in macrophage cells. | analysis of the transcriptome of bacterial pathogens during mammalian infection is a valuable tool for studying genes and factors that mediate infection. however, isolating bacterial rna from infected cells or tissues is a challenging task, since mammalian rna mostly dominates the lysates of infected cells. here we describe an optimized method for rna isolation of listeria monocytogenes bacteria growing within bone marrow derived macrophage cells. upon infection, cells are mildly lysed and rapid ... | 2016 | 27341521 |
| is the lysm domain of l. monocytogenes p60 protein suitable for engineering a protein with high peptidoglycan binding affinity? | lysin motif (lysm) is a highly conserved carbohydrate binding module that is widely present in proteins from both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. lysm domains from many lysm-containing proteins can be taken out of their natural context and retain their ability to bind peptidoglycan. therefore, lysm has enormous potential for applications in both industry and medicine. this potential has stimulated an intensive search for lysm modules with different evolutionary origins. the p60 protein (lm-p60) is a ... | 2016 | 27333274 |
| physical and antimicrobial properties of cinnamon bark oil co-nanoemulsified by lauric arginate and tween 80. | lauric arginate (lae) is a water-soluble cationic surfactant which has antimicrobial activity against a broad spectrum of foodborne pathogens. some spice essential oils are effective lipophilic antimicrobials. combining both antimicrobials may reduce their usage levels and possible negative sensory impacts when applied in complex food matrices. the objective of this study was to combine a nonionic surfactant (tween 80) with lae to form stable nanoemulsions with cinnamon bark essential oil (cbo) ... | 2016 | 27322724 |
| broad substrate specificity of phosphotransbutyrylase from listeria monocytogenes: a potential participant in an alternative pathway for provision of acyl coa precursors for fatty acid biosynthesis. | listeria monocytogenes, the causative organism of the serious food-borne disease listeriosis, has a membrane abundant in branched-chain fatty acids (bcfas). bcfas are normally biosynthesized from branched-chain amino acids via the activity of branched chain α-keto acid dehydrogenase (bkd), and disruption of this pathway results in reduced bcfa content in the membrane. short branched-chain carboxylic acids (bccas) added as media supplements result in incorporation of bcfas arising from the supple ... | 2016 | 27320015 |
| rapid and visual detection of listeria monocytogenes based on nanoparticle cluster catalyzed signal amplification. | foodborne pathogens pose a significant threat to human health worldwide. the identification of foodborne pathogens needs to be rapid, accurate and convenient. here, we constructed a nanoparticle cluster (npc) catalyzed signal amplification biosensor for foodborne pathogens visual detection. in this work, vancomycin (van), a glycopeptide antibiotic for gram-positive bacteria, was used as the first molecular recognition agent to capture listeria monocytogenes (l. monocytogenes). fe3o4 npc modified ... | 2016 | 27318103 |
| adiponectin enhances antibacterial activity of hematopoietic cells by suppressing bone marrow inflammation. | obesity has been shown to increase the morbidity of infections, however, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. here we demonstrate that obesity caused adiponectin deficiency in the bone marrow (bm), which led to an inflamed bm characterized by increased tumor necrosis factor (tnf) production from bone marrow macrophages. hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (hspcs) chronically exposed to excessive tnf in obese marrow aberrantly expressed cytokine signaling suppressor socs3, impair ... | 2016 | 27317261 |
| a case of leukocytoclastic vasculitis caused by listeria monocytogenes bacteremia. | importance. infections can cause leukocytoclastic vasculitis. observations. we report the case of a patient with a left ventricular assist device who presented with acute kidney injury and biopsy proven leukocytoclastic vasculitis. blood cultures grew listeria monocytogenes. the patient's rash improved with treatment of the underlying listeria infection. conclusion. clinicians should be aware that there are a number of broad categories of disease associated with the histologic finding of vasculi ... | 2016 | 27313916 |
| viable bacterial population and persistence of foodborne pathogens on the pear carpoplane. | knowledge on the culturable bacteria and foodborne pathogen presence on pears is important for understanding the impact of postharvest practices on food safety assurance. pear fruit bacteria were investigated from the point of harvest, following chlorine drenching and after controlled atmosphere (ca) storage to assess the impact on natural bacterial populations and potential foodborne pathogens. | 2017 | 27300139 |
| validation of the applied biosystems 7500 fast instrument for detection of listeria monocytogenes with the suretect listeria monocytogenes pcr assay. | in 2013, the thermo scientific™ suretect™ listeria monocytogenes real-time pcr assay was certified by the aoac research institute (ri) performance tested methods(sm) program as a rapid method for the detection of l. monocytogenes from a wide range of food matrixes and surface samples. this report details the method modification studies undertaken to extend the analysis of this pcr assay to the applied biosystems™ 7500 fast pcr instrument and applied biosystems rapidfinder™ express 2.0 software a ... | 2016 | 27297838 |
| inhibition of multidrug resistant listeria monocytogenes by peptides isolated from combinatorial phage display libraries. | the aim of the study was to isolate and characterize novel antimicrobial peptides from peptide phage library with antimicrobial activity against multidrug resistant listeria monocytogenes. combinatorial phage-display library was used to affinity select peptides binding to the cell surface of multidrug resistant l. monocytogenes. after several rounds of affinity selection followed by sequencing, three peptides were revealed as the most promising candidates. peptide l2 exhibited features common to ... | 2017 | 27296960 |
| use of whole genome sequencing and patient interviews to link a case of sporadic listeriosis to consumption of prepackaged lettuce. | we report on a case of listeriosis in a patient who probably consumed a prepackaged romaine lettuce-containing product recalled for listeria monocytogenes contamination. although definitive epidemiological information demonstrating exposure to the specific recalled product was lacking, the patient reported consumption of a prepackaged romaine lettuce-containing product of either the recalled brand or a different brand. a multinational investigation found that patient and food isolates from the r ... | 2016 | 27296429 |
| transfer of pathogens from cantaloupe rind to preparation surfaces and edible tissue as a function of cutting method. | whole and cut cantaloupes have been implicated as vehicles in foodborne illness outbreaks of norovirus, salmonellosis, and listeriosis. preparation methods that minimize pathogen transfer from external surfaces to the edible tissue are needed. two preparation methods were compared for the transfer of listeria monocytogenes, salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium lt2, murine norovirus, and tulane virus from inoculated cantaloupe rinds to edible tissue and preparation surfaces. for the first meth ... | 2016 | 27296423 |
| capacity of listeria monocytogenes strains from the 2011 cantaloupe outbreak to adhere, survive, and grow on cantaloupe. | the 2011 listeriosis outbreak attributed to whole cantaloupe involved several genetically distinct strains of serotypes 1/2a and 1/2b that had not been previously reported in invasive listeriosis outbreaks. here we investigated the potential of strains from the 2011 cantaloupe outbreak to adhere, survive, and grow on cantaloupe rind and flesh and in juice extracted from cantaloupe at different temperatures (4, 8, and 25°c). all strains were able to adhere and grow, with ∼10-fold increases after ... | 2016 | 27296422 |
| an outbreak of human listeriosis in england between 2010 and 2012 associated with the consumption of pork pies. | an outbreak of listeriosis in england affecting 14 people between 2010 and 2012 and linked to the consumption of pork pies was investigated. all 14 individuals were older than 55 years, 12 were men, and 10 reported the presence of an underlying condition. all were resident in or had visited either of two english regions and were infected with the same strain of listeria monocytogenes. in interviews with 12 patients, 9 reported eating pork pies, and individuals that consumed pork pies were signif ... | 2016 | 27296419 |
| fate of listeria monocytogenes in fresh apples and caramel apples. | an outbreak of listeriosis in late 2014 and early 2015 associated with caramel apples led to questions about how this product became a vector for listeria monocytogenes. this investigation aimed to determine information about the survival and growth of l. monocytogenes in both fresh apples and caramel apples, specifically examining the effects of site and level of inoculation, inoculum drying conditions, and storage temperature. at a high inoculation level (7 log cfu per apple), l. monocytogenes ... | 2016 | 27296414 |
| bacterial manipulation of nk cell regulatory activity increases susceptibility to listeria monocytogenes infection. | natural killer (nk) cells produce interferon (ifn)-γ and thus have been suggested to promote type i immunity during bacterial infections. yet, listeria monocytogenes (lm) and some other pathogens encode proteins that cause increased nk cell activation. here, we show that stimulation of nk cell activation increases susceptibility during lm infection despite and independent from robust nk cell production of ifnγ. the increased susceptibility correlated with il-10 production by responding nk cells. ... | 2016 | 27295349 |
| whole genome sequence-based serogrouping of listeria monocytogenes isolates. | whole genome sequencing (wgs) is currently becoming the method of choice for characterization of listeria monocytogenes isolates in national reference laboratories (nrls). wgs is superior with regards to accuracy, resolution and analysis speed in comparison to several other methods including serotyping, pcr, pulsed field gel electrophoresis (pfge), multilocus sequence typing (mlst), multilocus variable number tandem repeat analysis (mlva), and multivirulence-locus sequence typing (mvlst), which ... | 2016 | 27288594 |
| propagation method for persistent high yield of diverse listeria phages on permissive hosts at refrigeration temperatures. | the efficient production of a high concentration of bacteriophage in large volumes has been a limiting factor in the exploration of the true potential of these organisms for biotechnology, agriculture and medicine. traditional methods focus on generating small volumes of highly concentrated samples as the end product of extensive mechanical and osmotic processing. to function at an industrial scale mandates extensive investment in infrastructure and input materials not feasible for many smaller ... | 2016 | 27287043 |
| risk assessment of human listeriosis from semisoft cheeses made from raw sheep's milk in lazio and tuscany (italy). | semisoft cheese made from raw sheep's milk is traditionally and economically important in southern europe. however, raw milk cheese is also a known vehicle of human listeriosis and contamination of sheep cheese with listeria monocytogenes has been reported. in the present study, we have developed and applied a quantitative risk assessment model, based on available evidence and challenge testing, to estimate risk of invasive listeriosis due to consumption of an artisanal sheep cheese made with ra ... | 2016 | 27285819 |
| new antimicrobial peptides against foodborne pathogens: from in silico design to experimental evidence. | recently there has been growing interest in the discovery of new antimicrobial agents to increase safety and shelf-life of food products. here, we developed an innovative approach by introducing the concept that mitochondrial targeting peptides (mtp) can interact and disrupt bacterial membranes, acting as antimicrobial agents. as proof-of-principle, we used a multidisciplinary strategy by combining in silico predictions, docking simulations and antimicrobial assays, to identify two peptides, mtp ... | 2016 | 27283665 |
| sharing is caring: international sharing of data enhances genomic surveillance of listeria monocytogenes. | | 2016 | 27282712 |
| the effect of oxygen on bile resistance in listeria monocytogenes. | listeria monocytogenes is a gram-positive facultative anaerobe that is the causative agent of the disease listeriosis. the infectious ability of this bacterium is dependent upon resistance to stressors encountered within the gastrointestinal tract, including bile. previous studies have indicated bile salt hydrolase activity increases under anaerobic conditions, suggesting anaerobic conditions influence stress responses. therefore, the goal of this study was to determine if reduced oxygen availab ... | 2016 | 27274623 |
| listeriosis downregulates hepatic cytochrome p450 enzymes in sublethal murine infection. | listeria monocytogenes (lm) can cross the intestinal barrier in humans and then disseminates into different organs. invasion of the liver occurs even in sublethal infections, however, knowledge of affected physiological processes is scarce. this study employed a sublethal murine infection model to investigate liver responses systematically by proteomics. | 2016 | 27273978 |
| erosion of transplantation tolerance after infection. | recent clinical studies suggest that operational allograft tolerance can be persistent, but long-term surviving allografts can be rejected in a subset of patients, sometimes after episodes of infection. in this study, we examined the impact of listeria monocytogenes (lm) infection on the quality of tolerance in a mouse model of heart allograft transplantation. lm infection induced full rejection in 40% of tolerant recipients, with the remaining experiencing a rejection crisis or no palpable chan ... | 2017 | 27273890 |
| presence of a widely disseminated listeria monocytogenes serotype 4b clone in india. | | 2016 | 27273224 |
| cd8(+) t cells specific to a single yersinia pseudotuberculosis epitope restrict bacterial replication in the liver but fail to provide sterilizing immunity. | cd8(+) t cells use contact-dependent cytolysis of target cells to protect the host against intracellular pathogens. we have previously shown that cd8(+) t cells and perforin are required to protect against the extracellular pathogen yersinia pseudotuberculosis. here we establish an experimental system where cd8(+) t cells specific to a single model antigen are the only memory response present at time of challenge. using mice immunized with a vaccine strain of listeria monocytogenes that expresse ... | 2016 | 27268148 |
| hybrid antifouling and antimicrobial coatings prepared by electroless co-deposition of fluoropolymer and cationic silica nanoparticles on stainless steel: efficacy against listeria monocytogenes. | controlling formation, establishment, and proliferation of microbial biofilms on surfaces is critical for ensuring public safety. herein, we report on the synthesis of antimicrobial nanoparticles and their co-deposition along with fluorinated nanoparticles during electroless nickel plating of stainless steel. plating bath composition is optimized to ensure sufficiently low surface energy to resist fouling and microbial adhesion as well as to exert significant (>99.99% reduction) antimicrobial ac ... | 2016 | 27268033 |
| comorbidities and factors associated with central nervous system infections and death in non-perinatal listeriosis: a clinical case series. | listeriosis is a rare disease caused by the bacterium listeria monocytogenes and mainly affects at risk people. listeriosis can lead to sepsis, central nervous system (cns) infections and death. the objectives of this study were to describe and quantify comorbidities and neurological sequelae underlying non-perinatal listeriosis cases and to describe the factors associated with death and cns infections in non-perinatal listeriosis. | 2016 | 27267465 |
| inhibitory effect of liposome-entrapped lemongrass oil on the growth of listeria monocytogenes in cheese. | listeria monocytogenes infection in dairy products is of mounting public concern. to inhibit bacterial growth, we engineered stimuli-responsive liposomes containing lemongrass oil for this study. the controlled release of liposome-entrapped lemongrass oil is triggered by listerolysin o, secreted by l. monocytogenes. we investigated the antibiotic activities of lemongrass oil liposomes against l. monocytogenes in cheese. we also assessed their possible effects on the quality of the cheese. liposo ... | 2016 | 27265173 |
| infective endocarditis due to listeria monocytogenes: a report of 4 patients. | | 2016 | 27262490 |
| inactivation of listeria monocytogenes atcc 7644 on fresh-cut tomato using nisin in combinations with organic salts. | the inhibition of listeria monocytogenes atcc 7644 on fresh-cut tomato was investigated using nisin alone, and in combinations with organic salts. nisin at a concentration of 5000ui/ml was introduced alone or in combination with an organic salt (sodium citrate or sodium acetate each at 3 and 5g/100ml each) on fresh-cut tomato previously inoculated with 10(8)cfu/ml of l. monocytogenes atcc 7644. chlorine at 200ppm was used as a control. the inoculated samples were incubated at different temperatu ... | 2017 | 27261167 |
| survival and metabolic activity of listeria monocytogenes on ready-to-eat roast beef stored at 4 °c. | three brands of commercial roast beef were purchased and artificially inoculated with a 5-strain listeria monocytogenes cocktail at 2 inoculation levels (approximately 3 and 6 log cfu/g). although all 3 brands contained sodium diacetate and sodium lactate, inoculated listeria cocktail survived for 16 d in all 3 brands; significant increases in l. monocytogenes numbers were seen on inoculated brand b roast beef on days 12 and 16. numbers of l. monocytogenes increased to 4.14 log cfu/g for the 3 l ... | 2016 | 27258789 |
| draft genome sequences of listeria monocytogenes serotype 4b strains 944 and 2993 and serotype 1/2c strains 198 and 2932. | listeria monocytogenes is a foodborne pathogen and the causative agent of listeriosis among humans and animals. the draft genome sequences of l. monocytogenes serotype 4b strains 944 and 2993 and serotype 1/2c strains 198 and 2932 are reported here. | 2016 | 27257200 |
| rab32/38 and the xenophagic restriction of intracellular bacteria replication. | rab gtpases' subversion by intracellular pathogens during infection has been extensively documented. recent findings have implicated a key intracellular bacterial restriction/containment function for rab32/38 in salmonella species in macrophages and listeria monocytogenes in dendritic cells. rab32/38 aids the phagolysosome maturation, and mediates a parallel xenophagy mechanism by engaging prohibitins. | 2016 | 27256464 |
| listeriosis: is it a rare disease in thailand? | the prevalence of listeria monocytogenes infection has been characterized as rare in thailand. within one month, 3 cases of listeriosis were seen at vachira phuket hospital in phuket, thailand. two cases were neonates with septicemia, of which one made an uneventful recovery and the other expired. the third case was an eleven-year-old boy with meningitis who also succumbed to his illness. all isolated l. monocytogenes were sensitive to ampicillin. an outbreak investigation revealed no l. monocyt ... | 2016 | 27249907 |
| recovery and growth potential of listeria monocytogenes in temperature abused milkshakes prepared from naturally contaminated ice cream linked to a listeriosis outbreak. | the recovery and growth potential of listeria monocytogenes was evaluated in three flavors of milkshakes (vanilla, strawberry, and chocolate) that were prepared from naturally contaminated ice cream linked to a listeriosis outbreak in the u.s. in 2015, and were subsequently held at room temperature for 14 h. the average lag phase duration of l. monocytogenes was 9.05 h; the average generation time was 1.67 h; and the average population level increase per sample at 14 h was 1.14 log cfu/g. milksh ... | 2016 | 27242775 |
| microbial safety and overall quality of cantaloupe fresh-cut pieces prepared from whole fruit after wet steam treatment. | fresh-cut cantaloupes have been associated with outbreaks of salmonellosis. minimally processed fresh-cut fruits have a limited shelf life because of deterioration caused by spoilage microflora and physiological processes. the objectives of this study were to use a wet steam process to 1) reduce indigenous spoilage microflora and inoculated populations of salmonella, escherichia coli o157:h7 and listeria monocytogenes on the surface of cantaloupes, and 2) reduce the populations counts in cantalo ... | 2016 | 27240141 |
| foodborne listeria monocytogenes: a real challenge in quality control. | listeria monocytogenes is a foodborne pathogen, and the detection and differentiation of this bacterium from the nonpathogenic listeria species are of great importance to the food industry. differentiation of listeria species is very difficult, even with the sophisticated maldi-tof ms technique because of the close genetic relationship of the species and the usual gene transfer. the present paper emphasizes the difficulties of the differentiation through the standardized detection and confirmati ... | 2016 | 27239376 |
| virulence factors and resistance to antimicrobials in listeria monocytogenes serotype 1/2c isolated from food. | the aim of this study was to assess the potential risk posed to the human population by the presence of listeria monocytogenes serotype 1/2c in food based on the characterization of virulence factors of listeria involved in the invasion of host cells and sensitivity to antimicrobial agents. | 2016 | 27238881 |
| antimicrobial activity of chitosan coatings and films against listeria monocytogenes on black radish. | the antibacterial activity of chitosan coatings prepared with acetic or lactic acid, as well as of composite chitosan-gelatin films prepared with essential oils, was evaluated in fresh shredded black radish samples inoculated with listeria monocytogenes atcc 19115 and l. monocytogenes atcc 19112 during seven days of storage at 4°c. the chitosan coating prepared with acetic acid showed the most effective antibacterial activity. all tested formulations of chitosan films exhibited strong antimicrob ... | 2017 | 27237426 |
| latex protein extracts from calotropis procera with immunomodulatory properties protect against experimental infections with listeria monocytogenes. | the latex from the medicinal plant calotropis procera is often used in folk medicine against infectious and inflammatory diseases. | 2016 | 27235713 |
| population genetic structure of listeria monocytogenes strains as determined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and multilocus sequence typing. | listeria monocytogenes is a ubiquitous bacterium that may cause the foodborne illness listeriosis. only a small amount of data about the population genetic structure of strains isolated from food is available. this study aimed to provide an accurate view of the l. monocytogenes food strain population in france. from 1999 to 2014, 1,894 l. monocytogenes strains were isolated from food at the french national reference laboratory for l. monocytogenes and classified according to the five risk food m ... | 2016 | 27235443 |
| inhibitory effect of zataria multiflora boiss. essential oil, alone and in combination with monolaurin, on listeria monocytogenes. | listeria monocytogenes is one of the major causes of infections in developing countries. in this study, chemical composition and anti-listerial effect of the essential oil of zataria multiflora boiss. alone and in combination with monolaurin were evaluated at different ph values (5, 6, and 7) and temperatures (5 ˚c and 30 ˚c). chemical composition of zataria multiflora boiss. essential oil was evaluated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (gc-ms) analysis. minimum inhibitory concentration (m ... | 2016 | 27226881 |
| the antimicrobial peptide aureocin a53 as an alternative agent for biopreservation of dairy products. | the aim of this study was to investigate the potential of aureocin a53, a staphylococcal antimicrobial peptide, for improving food safety. | 2016 | 27225974 |
| brain abscesses due to listeria monocytogenes after rituximab therapy. | | 2016 | 27219320 |
| listeria monocytogenes septicemia in an immunocompromised dog. | an 11-year-old, male castrated, boston terrier was presented to the north carolina state university college of veterinary medicine small animal emergency service with a 2-day history of progressive ataxia, left-sided head tilt, and anorexia. the dog had previously been diagnosed with chronic lymphoid leukemia and suspected immune-mediated destruction of his bone marrow precursor cells, possibly due to therapy with immunosuppressive dosages of prednisone and azathioprine. during the physical exam ... | 2016 | 27218230 |
| purification of plasmodium sporozoites enhances parasite-specific cd8+ t cell responses. | malaria infection caused by plasmodium parasites continues to cause enormous morbidity and mortality in areas where it is endemic, and there is no licensed vaccine capable of inducing sterile protection. hyperimmunization with attenuated whole sporozoites can induce sterile protective immune responses targeting preerythrocytic antigens. most animal models of hyperimmunization rely on sporozoites dissected from mosquito salivary glands and injected without further purification. in balb/c mice, re ... | 2016 | 27217420 |
| inactivation of listeria monocytogenes, salmonella spp. and escherichia coli o157:h7 on cantaloupes by octenidine dihydrochloride. | the efficacy of a new generation disinfectant, octenidine dihydrochloride (oh), as wash and coating treatments for reducing listeria monocytogenes (lm), salmonella spp. (sal), and escherichia coli o157:h7 (ec) on cantaloupe was investigated. cantaloupe rind plugs inoculated separately with the three bacterial species (∼8 log cfu/cm(2)) were washed for 1, 3, 5 min at 25 °c in water, or chlorine (200 ppm), ethanol (1%), oh (0.01, 0.05, 0.1%) and surviving populations were measured after treatment. ... | 2016 | 27217367 |
| minimal inhibitory concentrations of undissociated lactic, acetic, citric and propionic acid for listeria monocytogenes under conditions relevant to cheese. | minimal inhibitory concentrations (mics) of undissociated lactic acid were determined for six different listeria monocytogenes strains at 30 °c and in a ph range of 4.2-5.8. small increments in ph and acid concentrations were used to accurately establish the growth/no growth limits of l. monocytogenes for these acids. the mics of undissociated lactic acid in the ph range of 5.2-5.8 were generally higher than at ph 4.6 for the different l. monocytogenes strains. the average mic of undissociated l ... | 2016 | 27217360 |
| validation of a predictive model coupling gas transfer and microbial growth in fresh food packed under modified atmosphere. | predicting microbial safety of fresh products in modified atmosphere packaging implies to take into account the dynamic of o2, co2 and n2 exchanges in the system and its effect on microbial growth. in this paper a mechanistic model coupling gas transfer and predictive microbiology was validated using dedicated challenge-tests performed on poultry meat, fresh salmon and processed cheese, inoculated with either listeria monocytogenes or pseudomonas fluorescens and packed in commercially used packa ... | 2016 | 27217358 |
| rna- and protein-mediated control of listeria monocytogenes virulence gene expression. | the model opportunistic pathogen listeria monocytogenes has been the object of extensive research, aiming at understanding its ability to colonize diverse environmental niches and animal hosts. bacterial transcriptomes in various conditions reflect this efficient adaptability. we review here our current knowledge of the mechanisms allowing l. monocytogenes to respond to environmental changes and trigger pathogenicity, with a special focus on rna-mediated control of gene expression. we highlight ... | 2016 | 27217337 |
| memory cd8(+) t cells require increased concentrations of acetate induced by stress for optimal function. | how systemic metabolic alterations during acute infections impact immune cell function remains poorly understood. we found that acetate accumulates in the serum within hours of systemic bacterial infections and that these increased acetate concentrations are required for optimal memory cd8(+) t cell function in vitro and in vivo. mechanistically, upon uptake by memory cd8(+) t cells, stress levels of acetate expanded the cellular acetyl-coenzyme a pool via atp citrate lyase and promoted acetylat ... | 2016 | 27212436 |
| shedding light on betl*: ppl2-lux mediated real-time analysis of betl* expression in listeria monocytogenes. | we propose a mechanism of action for the betl* mutation which is based on dna topology. removing a single thymine residue from the betl σ(a) promoter's -10 and -35 spacer results in a 'twist'-mediated activation of transcription which accounts for the osmotolerance phenotype observed for strains expressing betl*. | 2016 | 27212260 |
| detection, identification, and typing of listeria species from baled silages fed to dairy cows. | anaerobiosis, critical for successful ensilage, constitutes a challenge in baled silages. the loss of complete anaerobiosis causes aerobic deterioration and silages undergo dry matter and nutrient losses, pathogen growth, and mycotoxin production. silage may represent an ideal substrate for listeria monocytogenes, a pathogen of primary concern in several cheeses. the aim of this research was to investigate the occurrence of listeria in baled silage fed to cows producing milk for a protected desi ... | 2016 | 27209131 |
| loss of sigb in listeria monocytogenes strains egd-e and 10403s confers hyperresistance to hydrogen peroxide in stationary phase under aerobic conditions. | sigb is the main stress gene regulator in listeria monocytogenes affecting the expression of more than 150 genes and thus contributing to multiple-stress resistance. despite its clear role in most stresses, its role in oxidative stress is uncertain, as results accompanying the loss of sigb range from hyperresistance to hypersensitivity. previously, these differences have been attributed to strain variation. in this study, we show conclusively that unlike for all other stresses, loss of sigb resu ... | 2016 | 27208116 |
| potential impact of the resistance to quaternary ammonium disinfectants on the persistence of listeria monocytogenes in food processing environments. | the persistence of certain strains of listeria monocytogenes, even after the food processing environment has been cleaned and disinfected, suggests that this may be related to phenomena that reduce the concentration of the disinfectants to subinhibitory levels. this includes (i) the existence of environmental niches or reservoirs that are difficult for disinfectants to reach, (ii) microorganisms that form biofilms and create microenvironments in which adequate concentrations of disinfectants can ... | 2016 | 27199964 |
| temperature significantly affects the plaquing and adsorption efficiencies of listeria phages. | listeria-infecting phages are currently being used to control and detect the important foodborne pathogen listeria monocytogenes; however, the influence of environmental conditions on the interactions between l. monocytogenes and its phages has not been explored in depth. here, we examined the infective potential of four listeria phages (two each from the p70-like and p100-like phages of listeria) against five strains of l. monocytogenes (representing serotypes 1/2a, 1/2b, 4a, and 4b) grown unde ... | 2016 | 27199957 |
| application of electron-beam irradiation combined with aging for improvement of microbiological and physicochemical quality of beef loin. | the combined effects of irradiation and aging temperature on the microbial and chemical quality of beef loin were investigated. the samples were vacuum-packaged, irradiated at 0 or 2 kgy using electron-beam (eb), and stored for 10 d at different aging temperatures (2, 14, or 25℃). the microbial growth, shear values, meat color, and nucleotide-related flavor compounds of the samples were analyzed. the irradiation effect on inactivation of foodborne pathogens was also investigated. the population ... | 2016 | 27194930 |
| atf3 provides protection from staphylococcus aureus and listeria monocytogenes infections. | | 2016 | 27190243 |
| identification of a lipoteichoic acid glycosyltransferase enzyme reveals that gw-domain-containing proteins can be retained in the cell wall of listeria monocytogenes in the absence of lipoteichoic acid or its modifications. | listeria monocytogenes is a foodborne gram-positive bacterial pathogen, and many of its virulence factors are either secreted proteins or proteins covalently or noncovalently attached to the cell wall. previous work has indicated that noncovalently attached proteins with gw (glycine-tryptophan) domains are retained in the cell wall by binding to the cell wall polymer lipoteichoic acid (lta). lta is a glycerol phosphate polymer, which is modified in l. monocytogenes with galactose and d-alanine r ... | 2016 | 27185829 |
| predicting the kinetics of listeria monocytogenes and yersinia enterocolitica under dynamic growth/death-inducing conditions, in italian style fresh sausage. | traditional italian pork products can be consumed after variable drying periods, where the temporal decrease of water activity spans from optimal to inactivating values. this makes it necessary to a) consider the bias factor when applying culture-medium-based predictive models to sausage; b) apply the dynamic version (described by differential equations) of those models; c) combine growth and death models in a continuous way, including the highly uncertain growth/no growth range separating the t ... | 2017 | 27178365 |
| lactococcus piscium: a psychrotrophic lactic acid bacterium with bioprotective or spoilage activity in food-a review. | the genus lactococcus comprises 12 species, some known for decades and others more recently described. lactococcus piscium, isolated in 1990 from rainbow trout, is a psychrotrophic lactic acid bacterium, probably disregarded because most of the strains are unable to grow at 30°c. during the last 10 years, this species has been isolated from a large variety of food: meat, seafood and vegetables, mostly packed under vacuum (vp) or modified atmosphere (map) and stored at chilled temperature. recent ... | 2016 | 27172050 |
| free-living species of carnivorous mammals in poland: red fox, beech marten, and raccoon as a potential reservoir of salmonella, yersinia, listeria spp. and coagulase-positive staphylococcus. | the objective of the study was to examine a population of free-living carnivorous mammals most commonly found in poland (red fox, beech marten, and raccoon) for the occurrence of bacteria that are potentially pathogenic for humans and other animal species and to determine their virulence potential (the presence of selected virulence genes). from the total pool of isolates obtained (n = 328), we selected 90 belonging to species that pose the greatest potential threat to human health: salmonella s ... | 2016 | 27171434 |
| a rare case of listeriosis, acute cholecystitis and multiple myeloma. | listeria monocytogenes (lm) is an aerobic, motile, intracellular gram-positive bacterium. most invasive systemic infections caused by lm are commonly seen in patients at both extremes of age, during pregnancy or in immunocompromised hosts. common clinical manifestations of lm infection in immunocompromised adults are bacteremia, infections of central nervous system, such as meningitis, and self-limiting febrile gastroenteritis. focal infections of listeria are rare, especially cholecystitis, wit ... | 2016 | 27170703 |
| ongoing outbreak of invasive listeriosis due to serotype 1/2a listeria monocytogenes, ancona province, italy, january 2015 to february 2016. | in the first seven weeks of 2016, five serotype 1/2a listeria monocytogenes isolates were collected from patients with invasive listeriosis in ancona province in italy. these strains and six 1/2a isolates identified in 2015 in the same area were typed by eric-pcr and pfge. a clonal relationship, documented between the two sets of isolates, suggested a listeriosis outbreak in ancona that started most probably in 2015. investigation into the source of infection is still ongoing. | 2016 | 27168589 |
| listeria monocytogenes in different specimens from healthy red deer and wild boars. | in the past, listeria monocytogenes has been isolated from game feces and meat. however, less information is available on the occurrence of l. monocytogenes in other specimens originating from game animals. hence, the aim of this study was to get an overview of the occurrence and distribution of l. monocytogenes in game animals by characterization of isolates from different matrices. for that purpose, samples were collected from red deer (cervus elaphus), wild boars (sus scrofa), and feed during ... | 2016 | 27159352 |
| endothelial cells use a formin-dependent phagocytosis-like process to internalize the bacterium listeria monocytogenes. | vascular endothelial cells act as gatekeepers that protect underlying tissue from blood-borne toxins and pathogens. nevertheless, endothelial cells are able to internalize large fibrin clots and apoptotic debris from the bloodstream, although the precise mechanism of such phagocytosis-like uptake is unknown. we show that cultured primary human endothelial cells (huvec) internalize both pathogenic and non-pathogenic listeria bacteria comparably, in a phagocytosis-like process. in contrast with pr ... | 2016 | 27152864 |
| the absence of a mature cell wall sacculus in stable listeria monocytogenes l-form cells is independent of peptidoglycan synthesis. | l-forms are cell wall-deficient variants of otherwise walled bacteria that maintain the ability to survive and proliferate in absence of the surrounding peptidoglycan sacculus. while transient or unstable l-forms can revert to the walled state and may still rely on residual peptidoglycan synthesis for multiplication, stable l-forms cannot revert to the walled form and are believed to propagate in the complete absence of peptidoglycan. l-forms are increasingly studied as a fundamental biological ... | 2016 | 27149671 |
| preliminary study on the effect of fermented cheese whey on listeria monocytogenes, escherichia coli o157:h7, and salmonella goldcoast populations inoculated onto fresh organic lettuce. | cheese whey fermented by an industrial starter consortium of lactic acid bacteria was evaluated for its antibacterial capacity to control a selection of pathogenic bacteria. for their relevance on outbreak reports related to vegetable consumption, this selection included listeria monocytogenes, serotype 4b, escherichia coli o157:h7, and salmonella goldcoast. organically grown lettuce was inoculated with an inoculum level of ∼10(7) colony-forming unit (cfu)/ml and was left for about 1 h in a safe ... | 2016 | 27149657 |
| two listeria outbreaks caused by smoked fish consumption-using whole-genome sequencing for outbreak investigations. | listeria monocytogenes may contaminate and persist in food production facilities and cause repeated, seemingly sporadic, illnesses over extended periods of time. we report on the investigation of two such concurrent outbreaks. we compared patient isolates and available isolates from foods and food production facilities by use of whole-genome sequencing and subsequent multilocus sequence type and single nucleotide polymorphism analysis. outbreak cases shared outbreak strains, defined as listeria ... | 2016 | 27145209 |
| bacteriocin from epidemic listeria strains alters the host intestinal microbiota to favor infection. | listeria monocytogenes is responsible for gastroenteritis in healthy individuals and for a severe invasive disease in immunocompromised patients. among the three identified l. monocytogenes evolutionary lineages, lineage i strains are overrepresented in epidemic listeriosis outbreaks, but the mechanisms underlying the higher virulence potential of strains of this lineage remain elusive. here, we demonstrate that listeriolysin s (lls), a virulence factor only present in a subset of lineage i stra ... | 2016 | 27140611 |
| anti-infective activity of 2-cyano-3-acrylamide inhibitors with improved drug-like properties against two intracellular pathogens. | due to the rise of antibiotic resistance and the small number of effective antiviral drugs, new approaches for treating infectious diseases are urgently needed. identifying targets for host-based therapies represents an emerging strategy for drug discovery. the ubiquitin-proteasome system is a central mode of signaling in the eukaryotic cell and may be a promising target for therapies that bolster the host's ability to control infection. deubiquitinase (dub) enzymes are key regulators of the hos ... | 2016 | 27139470 |
| blue-light inhibition of listeria monocytogenes growth is mediated by reactive oxygen species and is influenced by σb and the blue-light sensor lmo0799. | listeria monocytogenes senses blue light via the flavin mononucleotide-containing sensory protein lmo0799, leading to activation of the general stress response sigma factor sigb (σ(b)). in this study, we investigated the physiological response of this foodborne pathogen to blue light. we show that blue light (460 to 470 nm) doses of 1.5 to 2 mw cm(-2) cause inhibition of growth on agar-based and liquid culture media. the inhibitory effects are dependent on cell density, with reduced effects evid ... | 2016 | 27129969 |
| characteristics and distribution of listeria spp., including listeria species newly described since 2009. | the genus listeria is currently comprised of 17 species, including 9 listeria species newly described since 2009. genomic and phenotypic data clearly define a distinct group of six species (listeria sensu strictu) that share common phenotypic characteristics (e.g., ability to grow at low temperature, flagellar motility); this group includes the pathogen listeria monocytogenes. the other 11 species (listeria sensu lato) represent three distinct monophyletic groups, which may warrant recognition a ... | 2016 | 27129530 |