| carbon sequestration in dryland ecosystems. | drylands occupy 6.15 billion hectares (bha) or 47.2% of the world's land area. of this, 3.5 to 4.0 bha (57%-65%) are either desertified or prone to desertification. despite the low soil organic carbon (soc) concentration, total soc pool of soils of the drylands is 241 pg (1 pg = petagram = 10(15)g = 1 billion metric ton) or 15.5% of the world's total of 1550 pg to 1-meter depth. desertification has caused historic c loss of 20 to 30 pg. assuming that two-thirds of the historic loss can be resequ ... | 2004 | 15453406 |
| tetracyclic triterpenoids from the leaves of azadirachta indica. | two new tetracyclic triterpenoids zafaral [24,25,26,27-tetranorapotirucalla-(apoeupha)-6alpha-methoxy-7alpha-acetoxy-1,14-dien-3,16-dione-21-al] (1) and meliacinanhydride [24,25,26,27-tetranorapotirucalla-(apoeupha)-6alpha-hydroxy,11alpha-methoxy-7alpha,12alpha-diacetoxy,1,14,20(22)-trien-3-one] (2) have been isolated from the methanolic extract of neem leaves along with two known constituents nimocinol and isomeldenin. their structures and the relative configurations were determined by spectros ... | 2004 | 15381008 |
| adsorption of pb(ii) from aqueous solution by azadirachta indica (neem) leaf powder. | an adsorbent was developed from the mature leaves of the neem (azadirachta indica) tree for removing pb(ii) from water. adsorption was carried out in a batch process with several different concentrations of pb(ii) by varying amount of adsorbent, ph, agitation time and temperature. the uptake of the metal was very fast initially, but gradually slowed down indicating penetration into the interior of the adsorbent particles. both first-order and second-order kinetics were tested and it was found th ... | 2004 | 15363519 |
| acute toxic effects of neem-based insecticides on crustaceans. | | 2004 | 15362460 |
| the effect of two different dental gels and a mouthwash on plaque and gingival scores: a six-week clinical study. | to evaluate the clinical efficacy of two gel formulations containing chlorhexidine gluconate and neem extract with a commercially available chlorhexidine gluconate mouthwash. | 2004 | 15335093 |
| alterations in acetylcholinesterase and electrical activity in the nervous system of cockroach exposed to the neem derivative, azadirachtin. | botanical insecticides are relatively safe and biodegradable, and are readily available sources of bioinsecticides. in recent years, the neem derivative, azadirachtin, has been examined as an alternative to synthetic insecticides because of its broad-spectrum insecticidal action. because many of the natural products and synthetic compounds used in the control of insect pests are known to exhibit electrophysiological effects, in this paper we focused our studies on the alterations in the activity ... | 2004 | 15327876 |
| aquatic mesocosm assessments of a neem (azadirachtin) insecticide at environmentally realistic concentrations--2: zooplankton community responses and recovery. | a neem-based insecticide, neemix 4.5, was applied to forest pond enclosures at environmentally realistic concentrations (i.e., below the worst-case expected environmental concentration of 35 microg l(-1)). crustacean zooplankton communities were examined by multivariate ordination (nonmetric multidimensional scaling) and time-course analyses of population trends among indicator taxa over two field seasons to determine application effects on community structure and recovery patterns. significant ... | 2004 | 15327875 |
| biological activity of volatile di-n-propyl disulfide from seeds of neem, azadirachta indica (meliaceae), to two species of stored grain pests, sitophilus oryzae (l.) and tribolium castaneum (herbst). | head space volatiles, including 73% di-n-propyl disulfide, were collected from freshly crushed neem seeds. this compound along with previously reported diallyl disulfide (di-2-propenyl disulfide) were toxic when applied topically or as a fumigant to tribolium castaneum adults and 8-, 12-, and 16-d-old larvae, and sitophilus oryzae adults. di-n-propyl disulfide significantly decreased the growth rate and dietary utilization with moderate inhibition of food consumption in both insects. the total c ... | 2004 | 15279303 |
| behavioral and developmental effects of neem extracts on clavigralla scutellaris (hemiptera: heteroptera: coreidae) and its egg parasitoid, gryon fulviventre (hymenoptera: scelionidae). | extracts of neem, azadirachta indica a. juss, negatively affected feeding and development of clavigralla scutellaris (westwood), a coreid pest of pigeonpea, cajanus cajan (l.) millspaugh. labial dabbing, pod wall penetration, and seed damage by fifth instars were significantly reduced on beans, phaseolus vulgaris (l.), that had been dipped in aqueous, methanolic, or hexane extracts of neem seed kernel. when fourth instars were dipped directly into aqueous extract, developmental abnormalities of ... | 2004 | 15279272 |
| effects of azadirachtin/neemazal on different stages and adult life table parameters of trichogramma cacoeciae (hymenoptera: trichogrammatidae). | the effects of azadirachtin/neemazal on adults, emergence, and life table parameters of trichogramma cacoeciae marchal were studied. the adults were exposed to fresh residues of the insecticide applied on glass plates. based on the dose-response study, the lc50 value was 1330 ppm or 13.3 microg (ai)/ml. the effect of neemazal on three developmental stages of the parasitoid was tested by dipping parasitized sitotroga cerealella (olivier) and cydia pomonella (l.) eggs at the field-recommended conc ... | 2004 | 15279270 |
| use of plants to monitor contamination of air by so2 in and around refinery. | the generation of so2 from a refinery may affect the surrounding environment. moreover, so2 and its by-products are phytotoxic as berg. this study aims to investigate plant responses to so2. the work has been designed with emphasis on using the plants directly in monitoring the contamination of the atmospheric air by so2. an assessment was made of the impacts of long-term so2 emissions from an oil refinery on plants located in nearby areas that are likely to be exposed to emission fallout. three ... | 2004 | 15244337 |
| preparation and evaluation of herbal shampoo powder. | two preparations of herbal shampoo powder were formulated using some common traditional drugs used by folk and traditional people of bundelkhand region (m.p) india, for hair care. the preparations were formulated using bahera, amla, neem tulsi, shikakai henna & brahmi evaluated for organoleptic, powder charecterestics, foam test and physical evaluation. as the selected drugs being used since long time as single drug or in combination, present investigations will further help to establish a stand ... | 2004 | 22557149 |
| neem--an omnipotent plant: a retrospection. | neem (azadirachta indica a. juss.) has universally been accepted as a wonder tree because of its diverse utility. multidirectional therapeutic uses of neem have been known in india since the vedic times. besides its therapeutic efficacies, neem has already established its potential as a source of naturally occurring insecticide, pesticide and agrochemicals. safe and economically cheaper uses of different parts of neem in the treatment of various diseases and in agriculture are discussed in this ... | 2004 | 15185362 |
| rapid synthesis of au, ag, and bimetallic au core-ag shell nanoparticles using neem (azadirachta indica) leaf broth. | we report on the use of neem (azadirachta indica) leaf broth in the extracellular synthesis of pure metallic silver and gold nanoparticles and bimetallic au/ag nanoparticles. on treatment of aqueous solutions of silver nitrate and chloroauric acid with neem leaf extract, the rapid formation of stable silver and gold nanoparticles at high concentrations is observed to occur. the silver and gold nanoparticles are polydisperse, with a large percentage of gold particles exhibiting an interesting fla ... | 2004 | 15178278 |
| azadirachta indica leaf powder as an effective biosorbent for dyes: a case study with aqueous congo red solutions. | in the present work, the leaves of azadirachta indica (locally known as the neem tree) in the form of a powder were investigated as a biosorbent of dyes taking aqueous congo red solution as a model system. the sorbent was made from mature neem leaves and was investigated in a batch reactor under variable system parameters such as concentration of the aqueous dye solution, agitation time, adsorbent amount, ph, and temperature. an amount of 0.6 g of the neem leaf powder (nlp) per litre could remov ... | 2004 | 15158285 |
| genotoxic effects of cadmium chloride and azadirachtin treated singly and in combination in fish. | the genotoxic effects of cadmium chloride (cdcl(2)) and azadirachtin (aza) were assessed singly and conjointly in a fish, oreochromis mossambicus, with endpoints such as chromosome aberrations, abnormal red cell nuclei, abnormal sperm morphology, and protein content (both qualitative and quantitative) of selected tissues, namely, muscle, heart, eye, brain, gill, liver, spleen, and kidney. the primary objectives were, first, to examine if cdcl(2), a common pollutant, and aza, a natural product of ... | 2004 | 15157573 |
| [mite sprays with neem oil--recommended?]. | | 2004 | 15137590 |
| some ecological implications of a neem (azadirachtin) insecticide disturbance to zooplankton communities in forest pond enclosures. | a neem-based insecticide, neemix 4.5, was applied to forest pond enclosures at concentrations of 10, 17, and 28 microg l(-1) azadirachtin (the active ingredient). at these test concentrations, significant, concentration-dependent reductions in numbers of adult copepods were observed, but immature copepod and cladoceran populations were unaffected. there was no evidence of recovery of adult copepods within the sampling season (may to october). the ecological significance of this disturbance to th ... | 2004 | 15063074 |
| management of root lesion nematode, pratylenchus delattrei in crossandra using oil cakes. | selected oil cakes, neem, castor and mahua, were tried independently and in combination with a chemical nematicide (carbofuran 3g) for the management of pratylenchus delattrei in crossandra under glass house conditions. the neem oil cake was effective compared to other oil cakes used and there was a synergistic effect when the neemcake was coupled with carbofuran 3g in the management of pratylenchus delattrei. the treatment resulted in better establishment of seedlings, and with increased plant ... | 2004 | 15062820 |
| protective effects of ethanolic neem leaf extract on n-methyl-n'-nitro-n-nitrosoguanidine-induced genotoxicity and oxidative stress in mice. | we evaluated the effects of pretreatment with ethanolic neem leaf extract on n-methyl-n'-nitro-n-nitrosoguanidine (mnng)-induced genotoxicity and oxidative stress in male swiss albino mice. the frequency of micronuclei (mn), concentrations of lipid peroxides and the status of the antioxidants, reduced glutathione (gsh), glutathione peroxidase (gpx) and glutathione-s-transferase (gst) were used as intermediate biomarkers of chemoprotection. animals were divided into four groups of five animals ea ... | 2004 | 15038245 |
| neem (azadirachta indica) leaf mediated immune activation causes prophylactic growth inhibition of murine ehrlich carcinoma and b16 melanoma. | conditional growth inhibition of murine ehrlich carcinoma (ec) and b16 melanoma (b16mel) was observed, following treatment of mice (swiss and c57bl/6) with aqueous extract of neem (azadirachta indica) (1 unit/mice/week for 4 weeks) either before or after inoculation of 1 x 10(6) tumor cells. tumor inoculation after weekly injections for 4 weeks with neem leaf preparation (nlp) induced significant reduction of tumor growth (both ec and b16mel) and increased survivability of mice. on the other han ... | 2004 | 15037213 |
| in vitro morphogenesis in zygotic embryo cultures of neem (azadirachta indica a. juss.). | immature zygotic embryo cultures of neem yielded highly regenerative cultures, with the response varying with the embryo stage at culture. early dicotyledonous stage embryos were the most responsive followed by torpedo stage embryos. the embryo cultures differentiated three types of regenerants: somatic embryos (ses), shoot buds and neomorphs. ses exhibited morphological abnormalities such as pluricotyledony, fusion of cotyledons and absence of cotyledons. although these ses showed secondary emb ... | 2004 | 14986057 |
| molluscicidal effects of neem (azadirachta indica) extracts on edible tropical land snails. | the effects of 350, 500 and 700 mg kg(-1) of crude extracts of neem, azadirachta indica a juss, on edible tropical land snails archachatina marginata and limicolaria aurora (jay) were determined and compared with control using pawpaw, carica papaya l as bait. responses were measured through normal feeding, cessation of food intake, cessation of crawling, mucus secretion, lack of response to mechanical stimuli (mortality) and decomposition. results showed no effects on the controls or snails expo ... | 2004 | 14971686 |
| neem leaves as a source of fertilizer-cum-pesticide vermicompost. | vermicomposting of neem (azadirachta indica a. juss) was accomplished in "high-rate" reactors operated at the earthworm (eudrilus eugeniae) densities of 62.5 and 75 animals per litre of reactor volume. contrary to the fears that neem--a powerful nematicide--might not be palatable to the annelids, the earthworms fed voraciously on the neem compost, converting upto 7% of the feed into vermicompost per day. indeed the worms grew faster and reproduced more rapidly in the neem-fed vermireactors than ... | 2004 | 14766163 |
| analysis of neem oils by lc-ms and degradation kinetics of azadirachtin-a in a controlled environment. characterization of degradation products by hplc-ms-ms. | since it was first isolated, the oil extracted from seeds of neem (azadirachtin indica a juss) has been extensively studied in terms of its efficacy as an insecticide. several industrial formulations are produced as emulsifiable solutions containing a stated titer of the active ingredient azadirachtin-a (az-a). the work reported here is the characterization of a formulation of this insecticide marketed under the name of neem-azal t/s and kinetic studies of the major active ingredient of this for ... | 2004 | 14685815 |
| a continuous spectrophotometric assay for the determination of diamondback moth esterase activity. | conventional methods to determine esterase activity from insects are composed of a three-step process where the enzyme is allowed to hydrolyze a 1-naphthyl acetate substrate, that reaction is quenched by a sds detergent, and then a fast blue b dye complex is formed with 1-naphthol, the product of 1-naphthyl acetate hydrolysis. these methods measure dye-product complex rather than the product, 1-naphthol. a new assay is presented that continuously monitors the formation of 1-naphthol with the hyd ... | 2003 | 14518005 |
| cytogenetic toxicity of neem. | the cytogenetic toxicity of the leaf extract of neem was evaluated in murine germ cells. the extract was found to induce structural and numerical changes in the spermatocyte chromosomes as well as synaptic disturbances in them at their first metaphase. a significant increase in the frequency of sperms with abnormal head morphology and the decrease in mean sperm count were also observed. this spermatotoxic effect of the neem extract corroborates its germ cell mutagenicity. the possible role of az ... | 2003 | 12909265 |
| photostabilizers for azadirachtin-a (a neem-based pesticide). | photostability of azadirachtin-a (a neem based pesticide) has been studied without and with adding stabilizers such as ter. butyl-p-cresol, 8-hydroxy quinoline and ter. butyl hydroquinone as thin film on glass surface and on leaf surface under sunlight and uv light. half-life of azadirachtin has been found to be 48 min and 3.98 days as thin film under uv light and sunlight and 2.47 days on leaf surface, respectively. 8-hydroxy quinoline and ter. butyl hydroquinone have been found effective in co ... | 2003 | 12856927 |
| systemic effects of neem on western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis (thysanoptera: thripidae). | the systemic effects of neem on the western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis (pergande), were investigated in laboratory trials using green bean, phaseolus vulgaris l., in arena and microcosm experiments. in arena experiments, systemic effects of neem against western flower thrips larvae on primary bean leaves were observed with maximum corrected mortality of 50.6%. in microcosm experiments using bean seedlings, higher efficacy in the control of western flower thrips were observed with ... | 2003 | 12852622 |
| the antimitotic effect of the neem terpenoid azadirachtin on cultured insect cells. | when cultured insect cells (sf9) were grown in the presence of 5 x 10(-6) m azadirachtin, there was a rapid increase in the mitotic index, with the appearance of many aberrant mitotic figures. flow cytometry established that cells accumulated in the g2/m phase of the cell cycle, and that the effect was concentration-dependent. at 10(-8) m a period of 20 h was necessary to raise the proportion in g2/m to 42% above the control values, but at 5 x 10(-6) m more than 90% of the cells were in this pha ... | 2003 | 12826095 |
| an efficient protocol for the production of triploid plants from endosperm callus of neem, azadirachta indica a. juss. | triploid plants of neem were obtained by immature endosperm culture. immature seeds, at the early dicotyledonous stage of embryo development, is the best explant to raise endosperm callus on ms + naa (5 mumol/l) + bap (2 mumol/l) + ch (500 mg l-1). maximum shoot bud differentiation from the endosperm callus occurred on ms + 5 mumol/l bap. shoots were multiplied by forced axillary branching and rooted in vitro. the plants were established in soil. over 66% of the plants were triploid with chromos ... | 2003 | 12806785 |
| production of haploids of neem (azadirachta indica a. juss.) by anther culture. | androgenic haploids of the neem tree (azadirachta indica a. juss.) were produced by anther culture at the early- to late-uninucleate stage of pollen. haploid formation occurred via callusing. the best medium for inducing callusing in the anther cultures was murashige and skoog's basal medium (ms) (9% sucrose) supplemented with 1 microm 2,4-d, 1 microm naa and 5 microm bap, while anther callus multiplied best on ms medium supplemented with 1 microm 2,4-d and 10 microm kn. these calli differentiat ... | 2003 | 12789427 |
| 6beta-hydroxygedunin from azadirachta indica. its potentiation effects with some non-azadirachtin limonoids in neem against lepidopteran larvae. | the biological activity of 6beta-hydroxygedunin isolated from azadirachta indica a. juss. was assessed using the gram pod borer, helicoverpa armigera (hubner), and asian armyworm, spodoptera litura (fabricius) (lepidoptera: noctuidae), alone and in combination with other limonoids, gedunin, salannin, nimbinene, and azadirachtin. the compound exhibited growth inhibitory activity in artificial diet bioassays, with 24.2 and 21.5 ppm, respectively, inhibiting growth by 50%. this efficacy was higher ... | 2003 | 12720374 |
| field trials on the repellent activity of four plant products against mainly mansonia population in western ethiopia. | the repellent activity of essential oils of lemon eucalyptus (eucalyptus maculata citrodion), rue (ruta chalepensis), oleoresin of pyrethrum (chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium) and neem (azadiracta indica) have been field tested as 40%, 50% and 75% solutions in coconut oil against populations of mosquitoes consisting mainly of mansonia in gambella, western ethiopia. a latin square design was used to randomize the test subjects for possible individual differences for mosquito attraction. repellency ... | 2003 | 12672146 |
| variation in net photosynthesis, stomatal characteristics, leaf area and whole-plant phytomass production among ten provenances of neem (azadirachta indica). | variation in net photosynthesis, co(2) exchange parameters, stomatal characteristics, leaf area and seedling dry weight were investigated among 10 provenances of neem (azadirachta indica a. juss.). significant provenance variation was established for net photosynthesis (8.14 to 15.13 &mgr;mol m(-2) s(-1)), stomatal conductance (0.37 to 0.59 mol m(-2) s(-1)), stomatal density (145 to 204 mm(-2)), and total guard cell length (2681 to 3873 &mgr;m). net photosynthesis was positively correlated with ... | 1999 | 12651331 |
| [effects of neem seed extracts on nitrogen use efficiency in two different soils]. | incubation test and pot experiments were conducted with haplic luvisols and hydragric anthrosols to study the effects of neem seed extracts (n i, n ii) on nitrification and immobilization of ammonium sulfate. n i could significantly inhibit the nitrification of n applied to the two soils. n ii was effective in promoting the immobilization of nh4+(-)n. pot experiments showed that n ii could increase the use efficiency of chemical nitrogen significantly in fimic anthrosols. | 2002 | 12624997 |
| acute toxicity assessment of azadirachtin-based pesticides using murine hybridoma and oyster cells. | in vitro acute toxicities of azadirachtin-containing pesticides (neemix and bioneem), formulated with neem tree extracts, and pure azadirachtin (aza), the believed active ingredient, were studied using hybridoma and oyster cells and were compared to results obtained using the standard in vivo daphnia pulex toxicity assay. neem-based pesticides showed relatively high toxicity to both hybridoma and oyster cells at concentrations of 1 microg aza/ml and higher. the ic50 values for hybridoma cells we ... | 2003 | 12617555 |
| variability in neem (azadirachta indica) with respect to azadirachtin content. | there is a controversy over variations in azadirachtin content in neem (azadirachta indica) seeds among various provenances and countries. also, variations in azadirachtins are usually attributed to climatic conditions such as temperature and humidity. the present study was undertaken to evaluate qualitative and quantitative variability in azadirachtins a and b among various neem provenances or individual neem trees. forty-three provenances of india were examined for intraprovenance variability ... | 2003 | 12568548 |
| antineoplastic agents. 489. isolation and structures of meliastatins 1-5 and related euphane triterpenes from the tree melia dubia. | the bark of the giant neem tree melia dubia was found to contain 11 euphane-type triterpenes. five new compounds, meliastatins 1-5 (1-5), proved to inhibit growth of the p388 lymphocytic leukemia cell line (ed(50) 1.7-5.6 microg/ml). four of the others, the previously known methyl kulonate (8), kulinone (9), 16-hydroxybutyrospermol (10), and kulactone (11), were also found to inhibit (ed(50) 2.5-6.2 microg/ml) the p388 cancer cell line. in addition, two new euphane triterpenes were isolated and ... | 2002 | 12502333 |
| determination of azadirachtin and fatty acid methyl esters of azadirachta indica seeds by hplc and glc. | a simple and economical method has been developed to estimate the azadirachtin content and fatty acid composition of neem kernels. neem kernels are crushed and soaked overnight in ethanol. the extract obtained is analysed by hplc after filtering through a 0.22 micro m membrane. the peaks are separated using acetonitrile-water (40:60) 1 ml min(-1) as the mobile phase on an rp-18 column and monitored at 214 nm. for the determination of fatty acid composition, the fatty acids are directly transmeth ... | 2002 | 12474085 |
| comparative effectiveness of an integrated pest management system and other control tactics for managing the spider mite tetranychus ludeni (acari: tetranychidae) on eggplant. | the effect of an integrated pest management (ipm) package, host plant resistance, chrysoperla carnea predation and neem oil were evaluated against the spider mite tetranychus ludeni on eggplant (solanum melongena l.) fields in 1996 and 1997, by estimating the mite population density and yield levels. compared with the ipm package (panruti local, c. carnea plus neem oil), the standard (susceptible) eggplant variety (mdu1) grown by farmers and treated with an acaricide (dicofol) had significantly ... | 2001 | 12465852 |
| effectiveness of different emulsifiers for neem oil against the western flower thrips (thysanoptera, thripidae) and the warehouse moth (lepidoptera, pyralidae). | the neem tree produces highly specified acting insecticides mainly in its seeds. by pressurizing or extracting the seeds an insecticide oil can be manufactured. for successful application emulsifiers are needed to render the oil soluble in water. the heavy oil has to be stable in emulsion, but on the other hand the surfactant should not reduce the ecological property of the neem oil. the emulsifiers lutensol to10, emulan elp, rimulgan and tween 80 and for comparison the formulation neemazal-t/s ... | 2001 | 12425067 |
| 2',3'-dehydrosalannol. | the title compound, methyl (2as,3r,5r,5as,6s,6as,8r,9as,10ar,10br,10cs)-8-(3-furyl)-2a,4,5,5a,6,6a,8,9,9a,10a,10b,10c-dodecahydro-3-hydroxy-2a,5a,6a,7-tetramethyl-5-(3-methylbut-2-enoyloxy)-2h,3h-cyclopenta[4',5']furo[2',3':6,5]benzo[cd]isobenzofuran-6-acetate, c(32)h(42)o(8), was isolated from uncrushed green leaves of azadirachta indica a. juss (neem) and has been found to possess antifeedant activity against spodptera litura. the conformations of the functional groups are similar to those of ... | 2002 | 12415181 |
| reversal of diabetic retinopathy in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats using traditional indian anti-diabetic plant,azadirachta indica (l.). | this study was carried out to investigate the effect of oral feeding of water extract of fresh leaves ofazadirachta indica (fam:meliaceae) in streptozotocin induced diabetes and its associated retinopathy in rats. treatment of the diabetic rats with aqueous extract of leaves ofa. indica at a dose of 250 mg/kg body weight for 16 weeks resulted in gradual but significant fall in blood glucose and improvement in serum total, ldl and hdl cholesterol and triacylglycerol which increased in diabetic ra ... | 2002 | 23105362 |
| studies on the use of neem products for removal of ammonia from brackishwater. | laboratory experiments were carried out to investigate the ammonia removal from brackishwater (salinity 16 +/- 1 ppt) using natural plant products such as seed powder and seed oil from neem (azadirachta indica) and commercially available neem products-neemazal and neemgold. the experimental results showed that ammonia removal was effective with 90 mg/l of neem oil, whereas, neem seed powder at 90 mg/l registered an increase in ammonia levels throughout the course of the experiment. neem oil, nee ... | 2002 | 12049123 |
| in vitro acaricidal effect of plant extract of neem seed oil (azadirachta indica) on egg, immature, and adult stages of hyalomma anatolicum excavatum (ixodoidea: ixodidae). | effects of the plant extract of neem seed (azadirachta indica) on eggs, immature, and adult stages of hyalomma anatolicum excavatum was studied at concentrations of 1.6, 3.2, 6.4, and 12.8%. the extract was found to have a significant effect on the hatching rate of eggs. it significantly increased the hatching rate during the first 7 days post-treatment (dpt) giving incompletely developed and dead larvae; however, it cause hatching failure at dpt 15. neem azal f induced a significant increased i ... | 2002 | 11992715 |
| effect of surfactants on persistence of azadirachtin-a (neem based pesticide). | photostability of azadirachtin-a, a neem based pesticide, was studied in the presence of non-ionic surfactants. surfactants such as span-80, atlox 3400b, tween-80, agrimul 52b, and agrimul n4s enhanced the rate of photodegradation of azadirachtin-a, whereas surfactants such as triton-x, emulsol cfa, tween-20, emulsol mas, and emulsol-n-33 decreased the rate of degradation. emulsol-n-33 was found to be the most effective surfactant, as half life of azadirachin-a in the presence of emulsol-n-33 wa ... | 2002 | 11990361 |
| toxicity of biorational insecticides: activity against the green peach aphid, myzus persicae (sulzer). | the relationship between dose for each of four biorational insecticides (pyrethrins, neem extract, capsiacin extract, insecticidal soap) and mortality of the green peach aphid (myzus persicae) was determined using a laboratory bioassay. these insecticides were toxic to aphids and paired mixtures of the insecticides provided synergistic activity as measured by aphid mortality under the laboratory bioassay conditions. capsiacin extracts were found to provide low levels of mortality alone but acted ... | 2002 | 11975171 |
| community-level disruptions among zooplankton of pond mesocosms treated with a neem (azadirachtin) insecticide. | a natural, plant-derived insecticide, neem, is being evaluated as an alternative insect pest control product for forestry in canada. as part of the process to investigate the environmental safety of neem-based insecticides, a mesocosm experiment was conducted to assess the effects of neem on natural zooplankton communities. replicate (n=5), shallow (<1 m) forest pond enclosures were treated with neemix 4.5, at concentrations of 0.035 (the expected environmental concentration), 0.18, 0.70, and 1. ... | 2002 | 11856575 |
| comparative toxicity of two azadirachtin-based neem pesticides to daphnia pulex. | azadirachtin (aza)-based pesticides (neemix and bioneem) demonstrated toxicity in 48-h nonrenewal toxicity assays using daphnia pulex at levels that were comparable with several organophosphate pesticides. the median lethal concentration (lc50) values for the two neem pesticides were found to be 0.028 and 0.033 microl/ml, respectively. the lc50 value for nonformulated (95% pure) aza was determined to be 0.382 microg aza/ml. neemix and bioneem were exposed to air and northern sky daylight in a li ... | 2002 | 11804058 |
| [evaluation of plant protectants against pest insects]. | an interference index of population control (iipc) was constructed for investigating the complex effects of plant protectants, including the effects of repelling insect pests away from the plant, deterring the egg laying of adults and the continuation of feeding, and causing death by toxicity. at the same time, indicated by iipc, the alcohol extracts of some common plants, such as eucalytus rubusta, wedelia chinensis etc. and the neem oil gave very good results to protect the plant against plute ... | 2000 | 11766564 |
| nematodes and the neem tree on the net. | | 2001 | 11700237 |
| comparative residual toxicities of pesticides to the predator agistemus industani (acari: stigmaeidae) on citrus in florida. | residual toxicities of registered and selected experimental pesticides used on citrus against agistemus industani gonzalez (acari: stigmaeidae) were compared. pesticides considered highly toxic to a. industani were: abamectin 0.15 ec at 731 ml/ha + fc 435-66 petroleum oil at 46.8 l/ha, pyridaben 75 wp at 469 g/ha, ethion 4 ec at 7.01 l/ha + fc 435-66 petroleum oil at 46.8 l/ha, propargite 6.55 ec at 3.51 l/ha, chlorfenapyr 2 sc at 1.46 l/ha applied alone or in combination with fc 435-66 petroleu ... | 2001 | 11697784 |
| influence of operating parameters on the use of the microwave-assisted process (map) for the extraction of azadirachtin-related limonoids from neem (azadirachta indica) under atmospheric pressure conditions. | the use of the microwave-assisted process (map) for the extraction of azadirachtin-related limonoids (azrl) from various parts of the neem tree was investigated under different operating conditions. the influence of microwave power, solvent, and irradiation time on the recovery of azrl was studied. the efficiency of the microwave-assisted extraction (mae) of the seed kernel, the seed shell, the leaf, and the leaf stem was compared to that of conventional extraction methods. the content of azrl i ... | 2001 | 11599992 |
| genotoxicity of a crude leaf extract of neem in male germ cells of mice. | the oral administration of a soxhlated crude ethanolic extract of leaves of neem (azadirachta indica ajuss; family meliaceae) to adult male mice for 6 weeks (one spermatogenic duration) at the rate of 0.5, 1.0 or 2.0 g/kg body weight per day increased the incidences of structural changes and synaptic-disturbances in meiotic chromosomes and also caused more disruptions of meiosis. the extract reduced the sperm count and increased the frequency of spermatozoa with abnormal head morphology. it is s ... | 2001 | 11545443 |
| combinations of azadirachta indica and cedrus deodara oil with piperonyl butoxide, mgk-264 and embelia ribes against lymnaea acuminata. | the binary and tertiary combinations of plant-derived molluscicides azadirachta indica and cedrus deodara oil with synergists mgk-264, piperonyl butoxide (pb) and fruit powder of embelia ribes were used against the lymnaea acuminata. it was observed that the toxic effects of these mixtures were time- and dose-dependent. the binary and tertiary mixtures of plant-derived molluscicides with synergists were more toxic with respect to the single treatment of the plant-derived molluscicides. maximum s ... | 2001 | 11534900 |
| population-level effects of the neem insecticide, neemix, on daphnia pulex. | although natural insecticides from the neem tree are generally perceived as less harmful to the environment than synthetic insecticides, new evidence indicates that these products may pose a risk to certain nontarget organisms. in this paper, acute and chronic effects of commercial neem insecticides on the aquatic invertebrate, daphnia pulex were examined. the acute toxicity of two commercial neem insecticides, neemix, azatin and the experimental insecticide, rh-9999 to d. pulex was investigated ... | 2001 | 11495023 |
| viability loss of neem (azadirachta indica) seeds associated with membrane phase behaviour. | storage of neem (azadirachta indica) seeds is difficult because of their sensitivity to chilling stress at moisture contents (mc) > or =10% or imbibitional stress below 10% mc. the hypothesis was tested that an elevated gel-to-liquid crystalline phase transition temperature (tm) of membranes is responsible for this storage behaviour. to this end a spin probe technique, fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy, and electron microscopy were used. the in situ tm of hydrated membranes was betwee ... | 2001 | 11432909 |
| antibacterial activity of karanj (pongamia pinnata) and neem (azadirachta indica) seed oil: a preliminary report. | the antibacterial activity of karanj (pongamia pinnata) and neem (azadirachta indica) seed oil in vitro against fourteen strains of pathogenic bacteria was assessed. using the tube dilution technique, it was observed that 57.14 and 21.42% of the pathogens were inhibited at 500 microl/ml; 14.28 and 71.42% at 125 microl/ml; and 28.57 and 7.14% at 250 microl/ml of karanj and neem oils, respectively. the activity with both the oils was bactericidal and independent of temperature and energy. most of ... | 2001 | 11414503 |
| multivariate calibration for the determination of total azadirachtin-related limonoids and simple terpenoids in neem extracts using vanillin assay. | two-component and multivariate calibration techniques were developed for the simultaneous quantification of total azadirachtin-related limonoids (azrl) and simple terpenoids (st) in neem extracts using vanillin assay. a mathematical modeling method was also developed to aid in the analysis of the spectra and to simplify the calculations. the mathematical models were used in a two-component calibration (using azadirachtin and limonene as standards) for samples containing mainly limonoids and terp ... | 2001 | 11312830 |
| a new triterpenoid from azadirachta indica. | a new triterpenoid, 1 alpha,7 alpha-diacetoxyapotirucall-14-en e-3 alpha, 21,22,24,25-pentaol (1), and the two known compounds odoratone (2) and 2 beta,3 beta,4 beta-trihydroxypregnan-16-o ne (3) were isolated from a methanolic extract of the seed kernels of azadirachta indica. their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectral methods. | 2000 | 11077174 |
| rapid and sensitive analysis of azadirachtin and related triterpenoids from neem (azadirachta indica) by high-performance liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry. | based on reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (rp-hplc) and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (apci) mass spectrometry, a hplc-ms method was developed to permit the rapid qualitative and quantitative analysis of azadirachtin and related tetranortriterpenoids from seeds and tissue cultures of neem (azadirachta indica). apci+ standard scanning mass spectra of the major neem triterpenoids were recorded and utilized to select suitable ions for selected ion monitoring (sim). t ... | 2000 | 10950279 |
| a study of water relations in neem (azadirachta indica) seed that is characterized by complex storage behaviour. | neem (azadirachta indica) seed is reputed to have limited tolerance to desiccation, to be sensitive to chilling and imbibitional stress, and to display intermediate storage behaviour. to understand this behaviour the properties of water in seed tissues were studied. water sorption isotherms showed that at similar relative humidity (rh), the water content was consistently higher in axes than in cotyledons, mainly due to the elevated lipid content (51%) in the cotyledons. using differential scanni ... | 2000 | 10938819 |
| government watch: neem partially redeemed. | | 2000 | 21662082 |
| urea-formaldehyde nanocapsules for the controlled release of diclofenac sodium. | urea-formaldehyde (uf), polymerized in situ in aqueous media, is a rigid polymer that can be used in the controlled release of bioactive molecules. during the process of polymerization, liquid neem seed oil (nso) was encapsulated at three different loadings, which was then replaced by diclofenac sodium (ds), the presence of which was confirmed by ftir spectra. the nanocapsules thus prepared were evaluated for percentage loading of the drug, particle size and release characteristics. thermal anal ... | 2016 | 10898085 |
| spermicidal activity in vitro of bark extract of azadirachta indica in rats. | ethanolic extract of bark of azadirachta indica showed potent spermicidal activity when tested on rat spermatozoa in vitro. when the extract was applied in 1:1 and 1:2 ratio at tree different concentration using wet drop method, cent percent mortality of spermatozoa was observed within 10 seconds. 10% concentration of the extract was considered as an effective dose. | 2000 | 22557001 |
| the blue neck syndrome : nematode larvae in skin scrapings. | a novel non-inflammatory type of pigmentation of the neck associated with nematode larvae on affected skin is described. the name 'blue neck syndrome' is suggested for this condition because of the characteristic clinical appearance. antinematode agents such as albendazole and neem oil have been found to be effective in the treatment. | 2010 | 20877070 |
| effect of fatty acids and oils on photodegradation of azadirachtin-a. | azadirachtin-a on exposure to uv-light (254 nm) as a thin film on glass surface gave a isomerised (z)-2-methylbut-2-enoate product. half-life of azadirachtin-a as thin film under uv light was found to be 48 min. azadirachtin-a was irradiated along with saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, and fatty oils under ultra-violet light as thin film. saturated fatty acid increased the rate of photodegradation of azadirachtin-a, whereas unsaturated fatty acids such as oleic, linoleic and elaidic acid re ... | 2000 | 10874625 |
| greens persuade europe to revoke patent on neem tree... | | 2000 | 10830934 |
| epidemiological study of dental caries. | a total of 2000 children (1-14 year age group) attending pediatric opd, school clinic & well body clinic of dr. r.n. cooper municipal hospital & k.e.m hospital, mumbai were examined for caries prevalence and 35.6% had dental caries. parental income was not shown to have any bearing on caries prevalence. parental literacy, particularly maternal literacy was shown to influence caries prevalence in children. the prevalence was low in well-nourished children and in those taking vegetarian type of di ... | 2004 | 10773954 |
| potential of combining neem (azadirachta indica a. juss) seed oil with varietal resistance for the management of the cowpea bruchid, callosobruchus maculatus (f.). | the efficacy of different rates (25, 50, 75 and 100 mg/5 g seed) of application of neem (azadirachta indica) seed oil (nso) was assessed on four cowpea varieties (kanannado, it89kd-391, borno brown and it89kd-374) with differing susceptibilities to callosobruchus maculatus. the different rates of nso significantly interacted with cowpea varietal resistance and reduced oviposition and percentage adult emergence of c. maculatus. the interaction of the strategies also significantly reduced percenta ... | 2000 | 10758260 |
| effects of neem products containing azadirachtin on blood feeding, fecundity, and survivorship of culex tarsalis and culex quinquefasciatus (diptera: culicidae). | when late 3rd or early 4th-instar larvae of culex tarsalis coquillett and culex quinquefasciatus say mosquitoes were treated with sublethal dosages of neem insecticide until pupation, the blood-feeding activity of the resulting adults was essentially the same as that of untreated controls. in contrast, blood-feeding activity was suppressed when newly emerged adults were fed continuously on 10 parts per million (ppm) or 50 ppm azadirachtin (az) in 10% sucrose solution for seven days. fecundity wa ... | 1999 | 10672550 |
| glutaraldehyde crosslinked sodium alginate beads containing liquid pesticide for soil application. | this paper presents experimental results on the successful encapsulation of a natural liquid pesticide 'neem (azadirachta indica a. juss.) seed oil' hereafter designated as nso, using sodium alginate (na-alg) as a controlled release (cr) polymer after crosslinking with glutaraldehyde (ga). the nso-containing beads have been prepared by changing the experimental variables such as the extent of crosslinking and the amount of loading in order to optimize the process variables. the absence of chemic ... | 2000 | 10640583 |
| chemopreventive potential of neem (azadirachta indica) on 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (dmba) induced hamster buccal pouch carcinogenesis. | the inhibitory effect of the aqueous extract of neem (azadirachta indica a. juss.) on 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (dmba) induced buccal pouch carcinogenesis was investigated in syrian male hamsters. all hamsters painted on their buccal pouch with dmba for 14 weeks developed squamous cell carcinoma. administration of neem leaf extract effectively suppressed oral carcinogenesis initiated with dmba as revealed by the reduced incidence of neoplasms. lipid peroxidation, glutathione (gsh) content a ... | 1999 | 10619383 |
| pharmacognostic profiles of azadirachta indica a.juss.leaves. | the microscopic and macroscopic characters of the leaves, physical constant values, behavior on treatment with different chemical reagents, fluorescence characters under ultra violet light after treatment with different chemical reagents of the powdered leaves of azadirachta indica a. juss (family-meliaceae) were studies to fix some pharmacognostical parameters. | 2000 | 22556932 |
| extraction of azadirachtin a from neem seed kernels by supercritical fluid and its evaluation by hplc and lc/ms. | a new supercritical extraction methodology was applied to extract azadirachtin a (aza-a) from neem seed kernels. supercritical and liquid carbon dioxide (co(2)) were used as extractive agents in a three-separation-stage supercritical pilot plant. subcritical conditions were tested too. comparisons were carried out by calculating the efficiency of the pilot plant with respect to the milligrams per kilogram of seeds (ms/mo) of aza-a extracted. the most convenient extraction was gained using an ms/ ... | 1999 | 10606604 |
| extraction and colorimetric determination of azadirachtin-related limonoids in neem seed kernel. | a colorimetric method was developed for the determination of total azadirachtin-related limonoids (azrl) in neem seed kernel extracts. the method employed acidified vanillin solution in methanol for the colorization of the standard azadirachtin or neem seed kernel extracts in dichloromethane. through the investigation of various factors influencing the sensitivity of detection, such as the concentration of vanillin, acid, and the time required for the formation of color, optimum conditions were ... | 1999 | 10552715 |
| stabilization of azadirachtin a in neem formulations: effect of some solid carriers, neem oil, and stabilizers. | formulation of azadirachtin a on attapulgite, kaolinite, fuller's earth, hydrated calcium silicate, and fly ash revealed that it degraded to the tune of 70-95% on different solid carriers as compared to 56% in neem oil, during the 14 day heat storage studies at 54 +/- 1 degrees c in the laboratory. the degradation was reduced by 26-60% on different carriers by employing either anthraquinone or epichlorohydrin as stabilizer. pyrogallol and hydroquinone enhanced the degradation. the cation exchang ... | 1999 | 10564046 |
| rapid preconcentration method for the determination of azadirachtin-a and -b, nimbin and salannin in neem oil samples by using graphitised carbon solid phase extraction. | a simple and rapid method involving solid phase extraction and liquid chromatography for the determination of azadirachtin-a and -b, nimbin and salannin at nanogram levels in neem oil samples is presented. the neem oil samples are defatted and the compounds of interest extracted by mixing the sample with hexane and passing the hexane solution through a graphitised carbon black column. after washing the column with 2 ml of hexane, azadirachtin-a and -b, nimbin and salannin are eluted with 5 ml of ... | 1999 | 10563041 |
| coating of prilled urea with neem (azadirachta indica juss) oil for efficient nitrogen use in rice | a field study made with rice at the indian agricultural research institute, new delhi, showed that coating urea with neem oil, neem cake or neem oil microemulsion improved rice growth and resulted in more grain and straw than did commercial prilled urea. | 1999 | 10551949 |
| acute lethal and sublethal effects of a neem-based insecticide on nontarget aquatic insects in stream channels. | | 1999 | 10475915 |
| two novel azadirachtin derivatives from azadirachta indica | two novel compounds, the first 29-oxymethylene azadirachtin analogue, 29-oxymethylene-11- demethoxycarbonyl-11alpha-hydroxyazadirachtin (azadirachtin m) (1) and 22, 23-dihydro-23alpha-hydroxy-3-tigloyl-11-deoxyazadirachtinin (azadirachtin n) (2), together with known compound 11-epi-azadirachtin h were isolated from a methanolic extract of the seed kernels of azadirachta indica. the structures of 1 and 2 were elucidated on the basis of spectral methods. | 1999 | 10425132 |
| triterpenoids of the fruit coats of azadirachta indica | three new triterpenoids, azadironolide [24,25,26, 27-tetranorapoeupha-7alpha-acetoxy-23xi-hydroxy-21,23-epoxy-1,14, 20(22)-trien-3,21-dione] (1), isoazadironolide [24,25,26, 27-tetranorapoeupha-7alpha-acetoxy-21xi-hydroxy-21,23-epoxy-1,14, 20(22)-trien-3,23-dione] (2), and azadiradionolide [24,25,26, 27-tetranorapoeupha-7alpha-acetoxy-21,23-epoxy-1,14,20(22)-trien-3, 16,21-trione] (3), were isolated from the fresh fruit coats of azadirachta indica. their structures have been elucidated through s ... | 1999 | 10425127 |
| preparation and evaluation of tincture of azadirachta indica a. juss. leaves. | different strength of alcohol 40.50,60,70,80,90 per cent (v/v) and absolute were utilized for the preparation of tincture of azadirachta indica a. juss leaves by maceration for 7, 14,21 days. 60 per cent tincture produced after 21 says of maceration showed a maximum solid content of 1.425 per cent (v/v) and sowed ph 3.15. this tincture was characterized by studying is various physico-chmicla properties along wit its thin-layer chromatographic characteristics. | 1999 | 22556923 |
| antifertility efficacy of neem bark (azadirachta indica a.juss.) in male rats. | subcutaneous treatment of 50% etoh extract of neem bark (azadirachta indica a. juss) to male rats at the dose of 10 mg for 30 days caused arrest of spermatogenesis. the diameter of serminiferous tubule, leydig cell nucleus and epithelial heights of epididymides were significantly reduced (p≤0.001). sperm motility and density were significantly reduced. reduced testicular and accessory organ protein, sialic acid and vesicular fructose content manifested arrest of spermatogenesis and depletion of ... | 1999 | 22556912 |
| plant products used as mosquito repellents in guinea bissau, west africa. | by standardized interviews of people in 23 rural villages, in the oio region of guinea bissau, we collected data on which plant species and plant derived products or methods people use to reduce mosquito biting activity. the following plants were used to reduce numbers of mosquitoes indoors at night: fresh or smouldering hyptis suaveolens poit. (lamiaceae), smoke of the bark of daniellia oliveri rolfe (caesalpiniaceae), smoke of the infructescence of elaeis guineensis jacq. (arecaceae), smoke of ... | 1999 | 9924960 |
| antifeedancy of neem products containing azadirachtin against culex tarsalis and culex quinquefasciatus (diptera: culicidae). | in order to develop and utilize new botanical insecticides originating from neem (azadirachta indica a. juss) in mosquito control programs as a potential larvicide, the antifeedant activity of three formulations of neem against the larvae of culex tarsalis coquillett and culex quinquefasciatus say was investigated under laboratory conditions. a significant antifeedancy was indicated at 5 ppm and 10 ppm azadirachtin (az) for all formulations and both species. within the test concentration range o ... | 1998 | 9879068 |
| rapd profile variation amongst provenances of neem. | neem, described as a tree for solving global problems, is an evergreen, long-lived, multipurpose tree of the tropics with a wide distribution range in india. it is believed to be highly cross-pollinated. inter-provenance variations have been reported in neem in case of morphological and physiological characters. yet no reports about the genetic determinism for these variations are available to our knowledge. in order to have an idea about the extent and/or nature of genetic (dna) variation in ne ... | 1998 | 9739458 |
| ovicidal activity of neem products (azadirachtin) against culex tarsalis and culex quinquefasciatus (diptera: culicidae). | bioactive compounds contained in the seed kernel and other parts of the neem tree (azadirachta indica a. juss) have been found to show insecticidal activities and other effects in many species of insects. these activities include antifeedancy, growth regulation, fecundity suppression, male sterility, oviposition repellency, changes in biological fitness such as loss of flying ability, immunodepression, enzyme inhibition, splitting of biological rhythms, and so forth. we investigated the ovicidal ... | 1998 | 9673924 |
| anti - inflammatory and antimicrobial activities of the root, bark and leaves of azadirachta indica. | azadirachta indica is a plant of varied uses in ayurveda since ancient times and is highly extolled by expert physicians and as well as practitioners of folk medicines. almost every part of the tree has long been used in folklore and traditional systems of medicine for the treatment of a variety of human ailments. the 50% acetone extract of the root, bark and leaves of a. indica sowed marked anti- inflammatory activity in carrageenan induced edema in rats, antimicrobial activity was also tested. | 1998 | 22556865 |
| chromatographic studies on a herb decoction. | argwadhadhi kwatham is a compound preparation of 3 single drugs viz cassia fistula l. azadirachta indica a., tinospora cordifolia l. literature survey show tat all3 ingredients are very effective for skin diseases. kahayams prepared individually with these 3 drugs was found to be more effective for skin dideases. this paper deals with a comparative study of the chemical constituents present in aragwadhadhi kwatham and the individual kwathams, all the four kwarham were chemically analysed t.l.c. ... | 1998 | 22556839 |
| nontarget effects of neem-based insecticides on aquatic invertebrates. | neem-based insecticides are being investigated as alternatives to synthetic insecticides for the control of forest insect pests in canada. because the proposed use pattern against forest defoliators often necessitates spraying near shoreline areas, an assessment of adverse effects of neem on nontarget aquatic invertebrates was warranted. acute lethal effects of two neem-based formulations on eight species of macroinvertebrates were determined in flow-through screening tests at 10 times the expec ... | 1997 | 9126427 |
| effects of aqueous extract of deoiled neem (azadirachta indica a. juss) seed kernel and karanja (pongamia glabra vent) seed kernel against culex quinquefasciatus. | aqueous extract obtained from deoiled neem and karanja seed kernels (adnsd and adksk) were assessed for their toxic and growth regulating activities against cx quinquefaciatus treated as first instar larvae. adnsk at various concentrations was effective on the growth regulating mechanism, inducing prolonged larval stages. however, 100% larval mortality was observed, especially during the first and the second instars at all the tested concentrations. adksk caused 100% mortality in the fourth inst ... | 1996 | 9057450 |
| cytotoxicity of neem leaf extract (azadirachta indica, juss): an antitumour activity! | | 2009 | 9111794 |
| insect antifeedant and growth-regulating activities of salannin and other c-seco limonoids from neem oil in relation to azadirachtin. | the antifeedant and insect growth-regulating activities of salannin, nimbin, and 6-deacetylnimbin, in comparison with azadirachtin-a, have been studied againstspodoptera litura, pericallia ricini, andoxya fuscovittata. salannin deterred feeding, delayed molt by increasing larval duration, caused larval and pupal mortalities, and decreased pupal weights in the two lepidopterans. salannin also caused molt delays and nymphal mortalities inoxya fuscovittata. the role of salannin and other compounds ... | 1996 | 24226248 |
| modulation of humoral and cell-mediated immune responses by azadirachta indica (neem) in mice. | the effects of a. indica (ai, neem) were evaluated on tests of humoral and cell-mediated immune responses after 3 weeks of oral ai (leaf extract) treatment in ovalbumin immunized mice. at the dose levels tested, ai (10, 30 or 100 mg/kg), had no appreciable influence on different organ (liver, spleen, thymus)/body weight indices, when compared to controls. in tests for humoral immune responses, ai (100 mg/kg) treated mice had higher (1) igm and igg levels, and (b) anti-ovalbumin antibody titres, ... | 1996 | 8979510 |
| operational feasibility of malaria control by burning neem oil in kerosene lamp in beel akbarpur village, district ghaziabad, india. | a field trial in beel akbarpur village, dadri phc, district ghaziabad (u.p.) was carried out to test the impact of burning neem oil in kerosene lamp from dusk-to-dawn in living rooms on vector populations and incidence of malaria. results revealed that burning 1% neem oil in kerosene lamps resulted in the deviation of an. culicifacies from living rooms to cattlesheds. this was also reflected when malaria incidence was compared in experimental and control villages. cases/000 and pf/000 were 1.03 ... | 1996 | 8952172 |
| molluscicidal activity of neem (azadirachta indica a. juss). | molluscicidal property of azadirachta indica a. juss (neem) against the snails lymnaea acuminata and indoplanorbis exustus was studied. it was observed that the molluscicidal activity of the leaf, bark, cake, neem oil and the neem-based pesticides, achook and nimbecidine, was both time- and dose-dependent. the toxic effect of pure azadirachtin against both the snails was greater than the synthetic molluscicides. | 1996 | 8733117 |
| evaluation of the acute toxicity to juvenile pacific northwest salmon of azadirachtin, neem extract, and neem-based products. | | 1996 | 8825966 |
| antinociceptive action of azadirachta indica (neem) in mice: possible mechanisms involved. | azadirachta indica (ai, neem) was tested for analgesic potency in experimental pain models in mice. in the glacial acetic acid (gaa) induced writhing test, ai (10, 30 and 100 mg/kg) dose-dependently reduced both the incidence and the number of writhes. similarly, ai, at the dose levels tested, also enhanced tail withdrawal latencies in the tail-flick test for nociception. in the interaction studies, pretreatment with the opioid antagonist, naloxone (1 mg/kg) and the central noradrenaline deplete ... | 1995 | 8786160 |