| genetic diversity of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) in thailand during 2009-2015. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2), the essential cause of porcine circovirus associated disease (pcvad), has evolved rapidly and it has been reported worldwide. however, genetic information of pcv2 in thailand has not been available since 2011. herein, we studied occurrence and genetic diversity of pcv2 in thailand and their relationships to the global pcv2 based on orf2 sequences. the results showed that 306 samples (44.09%) from 56 farms (80%) were pcv2 positive by pcr. phylogenetic trees const ... | 2017 | 28888644 |
| increased microbiome diversity at the time of infection is associated with improved growth rates of pigs after co-infection with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) and porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2). | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) and porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) are two of the most important pathogens affecting the swine industry worldwide. co-infections are common on a global scale, resulting in pork production losses through reducing weight gain and causing respiratory disease in growing pigs. our initial work demonstrated that the fecal microbiome was associated with clinical outcome of pigs 70days post-infection (dpi) with prrsv and pcv2. however, it rem ... | 2017 | 28888639 |
| [interstitial nephritis in pigs]. | interstitial nephritis as a form of renal diseases can be found frequently among pigs. nevertheless, prevalence and aetiology need to be investigated in more detail as reports about detailed analysis are lacking. | 2017 | 28880043 |
| porcine cytomegalovirus infection is not associated to the occurrence of post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome. | porcine cytomegalovirus (pcmv) is abetaherpesvirusthat causes lifelong latent infections in swine; occasionally, it may be associated with inclusion body rhinitis in piglets and reproductive disorders in pregnant sows. post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) a condition where porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) infection is necessary - though not sufficient - to trigger disease, has become one of the major health problems to the porcine productive chain. despite the high expected prevale ... | 2015 | 29067171 |
| health profile of free-range wild boar (sus scrofa) subpopulations hunted in santa catarina state, brazil. | wild boars represent a potential dissemination source of important pathogens to public and animal health, since they can host several pathogens. this study aimed to evaluate the health profile of wild boars hunted for population control in the state of santa catarina (sc), south of brazil. for this study, tissue and blood samples were collected from 61 wild boars hunted from october 2017 to november 2018. all 61 serum samples were screened for antibodies by different assays, presenting the follo ... | 2020 | 32725949 |
| first detection and phylogenetic analysis of porcine circovirus type 2 in raccoon dogs. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is a major emerging virus of porcine circovirus-associated disease (pcvad), which has brought huge economic losses to the global pig industry. pigs are well known as the natural reservoir of pcv2. recently, many researchers have revealed pcv2 could infect many other mammals like mice, calves, minks, dogs and goats. in 2018, our laboratory has admitted six cases of raccoon dogs from qinhuangdao city of china, which were characterized by inappetence, lethargy, depr ... | 2019 | 30961660 |
| clinical validation of two recombinase-based isothermal amplification assays (rpa/raa) for the rapid detection of african swine fever virus. | african swine fever (asf), caused by african swine fever virus (asfv), is a devastating infectious disease of domestic pigs and wild boars, and has tremendous negative socioeconomic impact on the swine industry and food security worldwide. it is characterized as a notifiable disease by world organisation for animal health (oie). no effective vaccine or treatment against asf has so far been available. early detection and rapid diagnosis are of potential significance to control the spread of asf. ... | 2020 | 32793160 |
| genetic diversity of porcine circovirus isolated from korean wild boars. | in korea, three genotypes of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2a, pcv2b, and pcv2d) have been identified on domestic pig farms, while two genotypes (pcv2a and pcv2b) have been identified in wild boar populations. here, we investigated genotype diversity and genotypic shift in 91 pcv2 isolates from 1340 wild boars captured in south korea between 2013 and 2017. phylogenetic analyses based on the complete orf2 showed that the 91 pcv2 strains were detected as four genotypes by qpcr screening assay: pcv ... | 2020 | 32526932 |
| lack of porcine circovirus 4 genome detection in pig samples from italy and spain. | the genus circovirus includes several species and mostly causes asymptomatic infections. porcine circovirus 2 (pcv-2) and, with increasing evidence, porcine circovirus 3 (pcv-3), have been associated with different clinical conditions all over the world. in 2019, a new porcine circovirus (pcv-4) was identified from diseased animals in china. because of the lessons learned from pcv-2 and pcv-3, it appears mandatory to investigate the actual distribution of this new virus and its potential associa ... | 2020 | 32486429 |
| free to circulate: an update on the epidemiological dynamics of porcine circovirus 2 (pcv-2) in italy reveals the role of local spreading, wild populations, and foreign countries. | porcine circovirus 2 (pcv-2) is one of the most impactful and widespread pathogens of the modern swine industry. unlike other dna viruses, pcv-2 is featured by a remarkable genetic variability, which has led to the emergence and recognition of different genotypes, some of which (pcv-2a, 2b, and 2d) have alternated over time. currently, pcv-2d is considered the most prevalent genotype, and some evidence of differential virulence and vaccine efficacy have been reported. despite the potential pract ... | 2020 | 32192210 |
| nasal shedding of mycobacterium tuberculosis in wild boar is related to generalised tuberculosis and concomitant infections. | wild boar is an important reservoir of mycobacterium tuberculosis variant bovis, the main causative agent of bovine tuberculosis (btb). a proportion of tuberculosis (tb)-affected wild boars shed m tuberculosis by nasal route, favouring the maintenance of btb in a multihost scenario. the aim of this work was to assess if m tuberculosis nasal excretion is influenced by factors commonly associated with high tb prevalence in wild boar. | 2019 | 31515441 |
| phylogenetic analysis of porcine circovirus type 2 in sardinia, italy, shows genotype 2d circulation among domestic pigs and wild boars. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is associated with multi-factorial syndromes, commonly known as porcine-circovirus-associated diseases, which cause severe economic losses in the swine industry worldwide. four genotypes (pcv2a, pcv2b, pcv2c, and pcv2d) have been identified. lately, the prevalence of pcv2d has been increasing in many countries, thereby prefiguring a global replacement of pcv2b. wild boars are also susceptible to pcv2 infection, with virus prevalence similar to that of domestic pi ... | 2019 | 30904672 |
| suppression of lymphocyte apoptosis in spleen by cxcl13 after porcine circovirus type 2 infection and regulatory mechanism of cxcl13 expression in pigs. | porcine circovirus-associated disease (pcvad) is one of the most serious infectious diseases in pigs worldwide. the primary causative agent of pcvad is porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2), which can cause lymphoid depletion and immunosuppression in pigs. our previous study demonstrated that laiwu (lw) pigs, a chinese indigenous pig breed, have stronger resistance to pcv2 infection than yorkshire × landrace (yl) pigs. in this study, we found that the yl pigs showed more severe lymphocyte apoptosis a ... | 2019 | 30819249 |
| co-infection of pigs with hepatitis e and porcine circovirus 2, saxony 2016. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is a recognized zoonotic disease; autochthonous infections in europe are caused to a great extent by hev genotype 3. pigs and wild boar are the main reservoirs for this genotype and normally they develop no or only subclinical symptoms with mild histopathological lesions. however, co-infections with other pig pathogens can lead to severe cases in pigs, including liver hemorrhage and necrosis. during a monitoring program 2016 in saxony, germany, farmed pigs with various cl ... | 2019 | 30583230 |
| high frequency and extensive genetic heterogeneity of ttsuv1 and ttsuvk2a in pcv2- infected and non-infected domestic pigs and wild boars from uruguay. | torque teno sus virus (ttsuv) infection is common worldwide in both healthy and diseased swine and a relationship between this virus and a particular disease in pigs has not been established. this work aimed to investigate the presence of ttsuv1 and ttsuvk2a in porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2)-infected and non-infected domestic pigs and free-living wild boars from uruguay. our data evidenced a high frequency of detection and a wide circulation of ttsuv among pig herds and wild boar populations. ... | 2018 | 30269794 |
| first report of wild boar susceptibility to porcine circovirus type 3: high prevalence in the colli euganei regional park (italy) in the absence of clinical signs. | the genus circovirus includes one of the most relevant infectious agents affecting domestic pigs, porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv-2). the wild boar susceptibility to this pathogen has also been demonstrated although the actual epidemiological role of wild populations is still debated. in recent times, a new circovirus, porcine circovirus type 3 (pcv-3), has been discovered and reported in the presence of several clinical conditions. however, no information is currently available about pcv-3 circu ... | 2018 | 29774989 |
| vaccination against porcine circovirus-2 reduces severity of tuberculosis in wild boar. | tuberculosis (tb) in wild boar (sus scrofa) may be affected by coinfections with other pathogens, such as porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2). therefore, sanitary measures focused on controlling pcv2 could be useful in reducing the impact of tb in this wild suid. the aim of this study was to explore whether vaccination against pcv2 targeting young animals affects tb prevalence and tb severity in wild boar. the study was conducted on a game estate in mid-western spain. seventy animals of ages rangin ... | 2018 | 29524059 |
| mouse models of porcine circovirus 2 infection. | pcv2 is considered the main pathogen of porcine circovirus diseases and porcine circovirus-associated diseases (pcvd/pcvad). however, the exact mechanism underlying pcvd/pcvad is currently unknown. mouse models of pcv2 are valuable experimental tools that can shed light on the pathogenesis of infection and will enable the evaluation of antiviral agents and vaccine candidates. in this review, we discuss the current state of knowledge of mouse models used in pcv2 research that has been performed t ... | 2018 | 30891543 |
| genetic diversity and different cross-neutralization capability of porcine circovirus type 2 isolates recently circulating in south korea. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is a small single-stranded dna virus and a primary cause of pcv-associated diseases (pcvad) that result insubstantial economic loss for swine farms. between 2016 and 2018, pcv2 field viruses were isolated from pcvad-affected swine farms in south korea and investigated for genetic and antigenic heterogeneity. | 2020 | 32928247 |
| protective humoral immunity in guinea pigs induced by pcv2 virus-like particles displaying the b cell linear epitope (228qqitda233) of ppv1. | although pcv2 infections generally cause mild disease in pigs, concurrent co-infections with other pathogens can damage the immune system and cause more severe diseases, collectively termed porcine circovirus associated diseases (pcvad). involvement of porcine parvovirus (ppv, a common cause of reproductive failure in naïve dams) in pcvad caused by pcv2, has been reported. as this co-infection can be difficult to eliminate, there is a critical need to develop an effective vaccine to protect agai ... | 2019 | 31282383 |
| virus-like particles of recombinant pcv2b carrying fmdv-vp1 epitopes induce both anti-pcv and anti-fmdv antibody responses. | mixed infection of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) and foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) is devastating to swine populations. to develop an effective vaccine that can protect the pigs from the infection of pcv2 and fmdv, we used the neutralizing b cell epitope region (aa 135-160) of fmdv to replace the regions aa 123-151 and aa 169-194 of the pcv2b cap protein to generate a recombinant protein designated as capfb. the capfb protein was expressed in escherichia coli system and the purified cap ... | 2018 | 30338355 |
| development of haemagglutination assay for titration of porcine circovirus type 2. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) was one of the most economically important viral pathogens in all the swine-producing countries and often resulted in tremendous economic losses for the swine industry. as pcv2 could not cause cytopathogenic effects while propagated in infected cells, many complicated experiments should be performed to titrate its virus titer. in this study we developed a simple and effective hemagglutination assay for titration of virus titer of pcv2. to develop the hemagglutina ... | 2020 | 32275892 |
| a nanobody-horseradish peroxidase fusion protein-based competitive elisa for rapid detection of antibodies against porcine circovirus type 2. | the widespread popularity of porcine circovirus type 2(pcv2) has seriously affected the healthy development of the pig industry and caused huge economic losses worldwide. a rapid and reliable method is required for epidemiological investigation and evaluating the effect of immunization. however, the current methods for pcv2 antibody detection are time-consuming or very expensive and rarely meet the requirements for clinical application. we have constructed the platform for expressing the nanobod ... | 2021 | 33526021 |
| porcine circovirus 2 capsid protein produced in n. benthamiana forms virus-like particles that elicit production of virus-neutralizing antibodies in guinea pigs. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is a non-enveloped, icosahedral virus of the circoviridae family, with a small, circular, single-stranded dna genome. pcv2 infections cause substantial economic losses in the pig industry worldwide. currently, commercially produced pcv2 vaccines are expensive, whereas plant-based expression systems can produce recombinant proteins at low cost for use as vaccines. in this study, recombinant pcv2 capsid protein (rcap) was transiently expressed in nicotiana benthami ... | 2021 | 33667631 |
| three different genotypes of porcine circovirus 2 (pcv-2) identified in pigs and warthogs in namibia. | porcine circovirus 2 (pcv-2) is the causative agent of porcine circovirus diseases (pcvd). a study was undertaken to determine whether pcv-2 was present in samples collected from commercial pigs (n = 46) and warthogs (n = 42) in namibia between 2019 and 2020. twenty-three of the collected samples were positive by pcr (13 from pigs and 10 from warthogs), and a phylogenetic analysis of orf2 identified three genotypes (pcv-2b and pcv-2d in pigs and pcv-2c in warthogs). this is the first time that p ... | 2021 | 33721098 |
| lesions associated with bartonella taylorii-like bacterium infection in a free-ranging, young-of-the-year raccoon from prince edward island, canada. | a young-of-the year, female raccoon was presented with clinical signs of weakness and tremors. the raccoon was euthanized, and autopsy findings included poor body condition, diffuse lymphadenopathy, and pale, firm kidneys with petechial hemorrhages throughout the renal cortex. histologic lesions included systemic fibrinoid vascular necrosis and severe renal lesions, including lymphoplasmacytic interstitial nephritis and fibrinosuppurative glomerulonephritis. inflammatory vascular lesions were al ... | 2021 | 33463406 |
| detection and characterization of viral pathogens associated with reproductive failure in wild boars in central italy. | wild boar and domestic swine share several pathogens, including viruses responsible for reproductive failures, representing an important sanitary and economic risk for the swine industry. among them, suid herpesvirus 1 (suhv-1), porcine circovirus 2 (pcv2) and porcine parvovirus 1 (ppv1) are widely diffused in the wild boar population. unfortunately, little is known about their pathogenetic mechanisms and impact on the reproductive parameters of wild animals. this study aims to investigate the p ... | 2021 | 33504030 |