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serotyping of chlamydial clinical isolates from birds with monoclonal antibodies.forty-nine avian chlamydial strains, isolated mainly from various regions in france and from different species of birds, were analyzed and tested with a panel of nine monoclonal antibodies (mabs) by the indirect microimmunofluorescence test (mif). the mabs included five serovar-specific mabs, three mabs raised against chlamydia psittaci and chlamydia pecorum ovine strains, and one genus-specific mab. of the 49 isolates, 41 came from parrots or budgerigars; the rest were from pigeons, a canary, a ...199910216756
[a very severe course of psittacosis in pregnancy]. 199910221117
role of polymorphonuclear neutrophils in a murine model of chlamydia psittaci-induced abortion.to assess the role of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (pmns) in chlamydia psittaci infection in a pregnant mouse model, pregnant and nonpregnant swiss of1 mice were depleted of pmns by treatment with the rb6-8c5 monoclonal antibody before intraperitoneal infection with c. psittaci serotype 1. nondepleted mice served as infection controls. depleted mice aborted earlier and had a much higher mortality rate than nondepleted mice. bacteriological analysis showed that the number of chlamydiae isolated ...199910225862
emended description of the order chlamydiales, proposal of parachlamydiaceae fam. nov. and simkaniaceae fam. nov., each containing one monotypic genus, revised taxonomy of the family chlamydiaceae, including a new genus and five new species, and standards for the identification of organisms.the current taxonomic classification of chlamydia is based on limited phenotypic, morphologic and genetic criteria. this classification does not take into account recent analysis of the ribosomal operon or recently identified obligately intracellular organisms that have a chlamydia-like developmental cycle of replication. neither does it provide a systematic rationale for identifying new strains. in this study, phylogenetic analyses of the 16s and 23s rrna genes are presented with corroborating ...199910319462
analysis of the 16s rrna gene of micro-organism wsu 86-1044 from an aborted bovine foetus reveals that it is a member of the order chlamydiales: proposal of waddliaceae fam. nov., waddlia chondrophila gen. nov., sp. nov.the structural gene encoding the 16s rrna of the new obligate intracellular organism presently designated wsu 86-1044t was sequenced and analysed to establish its phylogenetic relationships. the 16s rdna sequence was most closely related to those of chlamydial species, having 84.7-85.3% sequence similarity, while it had 72.4-73.2% similarity with rickettsia-like organisms. when the sequences of the four species of chlamydiae (chlamydophila psittaci, chlamydia trachomatis, chlamydophila pneumonia ...199910319478
comparison of the polymerase chain reaction and culture for the detection of feline chlamydia psittaci in untreated and doxycycline-treated experimentally infected cats.the diagnostic sensitivity of the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was compared with that of culture on conjunctival swabs over the course of infection in 4 doxycycline-treated and 4 untreated cats that were experimentally infected with feline chlamydia psittaci. treated cats were given 25 mg (5 mg/kg) of doxycycline orally twice daily for 3 weeks from day 6 after challenge. clinical signs improved within 3 days of institution of treatment. culture remained positive for 1 day and pcr remained pos ...199910357101
prevalence of feline chlamydia psittaci and feline herpesvirus 1 in cats with upper respiratory tract disease.the epidemiology of feline chlamydiosis and feline herpesvirus 1 (fhv1) infection in cats was determined using a duplex polymerase chain reaction assay. in cats with upper respiratory tract disease (urtd), prevalences of 66 (14.3%) of 462 cats and 98 (21.2%) of 462 cats were found for chlamydia psittaci and fhv1, respectively. in cats without urtd, prevalences were 1/87 (1.1%) for both pathogens. younger cats, cats sampled in summer, and cats with conjunctivitis were more likely to be positive f ...199910357102
azithromycin: single 1.5 g dose in the treatment of patients with atypical pneumonia syndrome--a randomized study.an open comparative study was undertaken in order to assess the efficacy and safety of a single dose of azithromycin in the treatment of community-acquired atypical pneumonia. a total of 100 adult patients with atypical pneumonia syndrome were randomized to receive 1.5 g of azithromycin as a single dose, or 500 mg once daily for 3 days. the presence of mycoplasma pneumoniae, chlamydia pneumoniae, chlamydia psittaci, coxiella burnetii, and legionella pneumophila infection was diagnosed by serolog ...199910378132
fulminant psittacosis requiring mechanical ventilation and demonstrating serological cross-reactivity between legionella longbeachae and chlamydia psittaci.chlamydia psittaci infection typically causes a mild respiratory illness in humans. severe respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation or intensive care therapy is an uncommon development. the aetiological agents causing severe community acquired pneumonia often remain undetermined. serological tests may aid in diagnosis. we present two cases of fulminant psittacosis, one demonstrating early cross-reactivity with legionella longbeachae.199910382241
the species specificity of the microimmunofluorescence antibody test and comparisons with a time resolved fluoroscopic immunoassay for measuring igg antibodies against chlamydia pneumoniae.to examine the species specificity of the microimmunofluorescence test (mif) and assess a time resolved fluoroscopic immunoassay (tria) for measuring igg antibodies to c pneumoniae.199910396235
comparative in-vitro activity of moxifloxacin, minocycline and azithromycin against chlamydia spp.the in-vitro activity of moxifloxacin, a new 8-methoxyquinolone, was compared with minocycline and azithromycin against 40 strains of chlamydia trachomatis, chlamydia pneumoniae and chlamydia psittaci. both the mic and the mbc of moxifloxacin ranged from 0.03 to 0.125 mg/l. mics of minocycline ranged from 0.015 to 0.06 mg/l and mbcs between 0.03 and 0.25 mg/l. mics of azithromycin ranged from 0.03 to 0.125 mg/l and the mbcs between 0.06 and 0.5 mg/l. mbc values of moxifloxacin were the same as m ...199910404322
how useful is the chlamydia micro-immunofluorescence (mif) test for the gynaecologist?three patients with a chlamydial respiratory tract infection showed significant titre rises for the three chlamydial micro-immunofluorescence tests, performed with chlamydia pneumoniae, c. psittaci and c. trachomatis. such cross-reactions procure an inaccurate discrimination between the various chlamydia species which remains speculative anyhow when only a positive serological profile against one chlamydial subspecies is performed. we consider that using the serologic assay as proof for past sex ...199910413220
protection of turkeys against chlamydia psittaci challenge by gene gun-based dna immunizations.particle-mediated (helios gene gun) transfer to the turkey epidermis of plasmid dna expressing the major outer membrane protein (momp) of an avian chlamydia psittaci strain was evaluated for its ability to raise an immune response and protection against challenge with the homologous strain. in turkeys, the delivery of pcdna1/momp coated onto 0.6 microm gold beads was the most efficient compared to immunisations using 1.0 or 1.6 microm gold beads. the delivery of as little as 1 microg pcdna1/momp ...199910418912
genomic relatedness of chlamydia isolates determined by amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis.the genomic relatedness of 19 chlamydia pneumoniae isolates (17 from respiratory origin and 2 from atherosclerotic origin), 21 chlamydia trachomatis isolates (all serovars from the human biovar, an isolate from the mouse biovar, and a porcine isolate), 6 chlamydia psittaci isolates (5 avian isolates and 1 feline isolate), and 1 chlamydia pecorum isolate was studied by analyzing genomic amplified fragment length polymorphism (aflp) fingerprints. the aflp procedure was adapted from a previously de ...199910419941
a psittacosis outbreak in customs officers in antwerp (belgium). 199810431651
cytokine release by ovine macrophages following infection with chlamydia psittaci.chlamydia psittaci is an obligate intracellular pathogen that causes abortion in both sheep and humans. the disease in sheep (but not humans) is characterized by a long-term persistent phase that appears to be under the control of interferon-gamma. however, nothing is known about cytokine induction that precedes the persistent phase in sheep. primary alveolar lavage cells recovered from normal adult sheep were used to study cytokine production in the first 72 h of infection with c. psittaci. the ...199910444263
chlamydial antibodies in an elderly finnish population.the characteristic feature of chlamydia is its tendency to cause chronic infections. it has been hypothesized that prior exposure to c. pneumoniae may lead to chronic infection and the development of associated chronic cardiopulmonary disease. few studies have so far addressed the occurrence of chlamydial antibodies in an elderly, unselected population. this information is important for the development of possible treatment strategies. chlamydial antibodies were analysed from 1179 serum samples ...199910447321
legionella, chlamydia pneumoniae and mycoplasma infection in patients admitted to christchurch hospital with pneumonia.to determine the incidence, clinical features and outcome of community acquired pneumonia caused by mycoplasma pneumoniae, legionella species, coxiella burnetti, chlamydia pneumoniae and chlamydia psittaci requiring admission to hospital.199910448994
multiplex polymerase chain reaction for the simultaneous detection of mycoplasma pneumoniae, chlamydia pneumoniae, and chlamydia psittaci in respiratory samples.to develop a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for the simultaneous detection of mycoplasma pneumoniae, chlamydia pneumoniae, and chlamydia psittaci in respiratory samples.199910474515
[chlamydia abortion in sheep: possibilities for serological diagnosis using a competitive elisa and insight into the epidemiologic situation in switzerland].466 sheep sera out of 19 flocks in switzerland were examined by a competitive enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (celisa) for antibodies against chlamydia psittaci "serotype 1" ("ovine enzootic abortion"). since numerous positive reactors were found in flocks without abortion history, 30 fecal samples out of two of these flocks were examined by pcr for evidence of chlamydial dna. one of these samples turned out to contain dna of chlamydia psittaci "serotype 1". these results suggest, that in swit ...199910475045
chlamydia psittaci infection and reinfection in a veterinarian. 199910494396
methods of detection of chlamydia psittaci in domesticated and wild birds.to study the occurrence of chlamydia psittaci in domesticated and wild birds and compare the sensitivity of molecular detection with cell culture isolation.199910494398
significance of host cell kinesin in the development of chlamydia psittaci.the influence of the microtubule-associated motor protein kinesin on chlamydia psittaci inclusion development in epithelial and fibroblast cell lines was addressed. kinesin was blocked early after chlamydial internalization (4 h postinfection [p.i.]) and before the initiation of active chlamydial multiplication (8 h p.i.). chlamydia development was monitored by fluorescence and transmission electron microscopy at different times during the cycle. in both host cell lines, kinesin blockage restric ...199910496927
expression of chlamydia psittaci- and human immunodeficiency virus-derived antigens on the cell surface of lactobacillus fermentum br11 as fusions to bspa.the basic surface protein, bspa, has been used as a fusion partner to direct peptide antigens from the human immunodeficiency virus gp41 protein and the chlamydia psittaci ompa protein to the cell surface of lactobacillus fermentum br11. bspa has potential utility in the construction of live vaccines and diagnostic reagents.199910496936
[seroprevalence of chlamydia psittaci in cats assembled in the center of zoonosis of the municipal of moron]. 199910509408
turkeys are protected from infection with chlamydia psittaci by plasmid dna vaccination against the major outer membrane protein.plasmid dna expressing the major outer membrane protein (momp) of an avian chlamydia psittaci serovar a strain has been tested for its ability to raise an immune response and induce protection against challenge with the same serovar. a combined parenteral (intramuscular injection) and mucosal route (dna drops administered to the nares) of dna inoculation was compared with gene gun-based immunization. the gene gun delivery of pcdna1/momp as well as the intramuscular-intranasal dna delivery primed ...199910540159
differences in the immune response against ruminant chlamydial strains in a murine model.cba/j mice were used in the present study to establish differences between the immune response to three chlamydial strains: ab7 (chlamydia psittaci wild-type strain), 1b (c. psittaci vaccinal strain) and ib1 (c. pecorum). the evolution of chlamydial infection was evaluated in each strain by studying the clinical signs, the number of bacteria isolated from the spleen and the pathology of the liver. three aspects of the immune response were then studied: the characterization of the infiltrate of l ...199910543384
computational analysis of the polymorphic membrane protein superfamily of chlamydia trachomatis and chlamydia pneumoniae.whole sequence genome analysis is invaluable in providing complete profiles of related proteins and gene families. the genome sequences of the obligate intracellular bacteria chlamydia trachomatis and chlamydia pneumoniae both encode proteins with similarity to several 90-kda chlamydia psittaci proteins. these proteins are members of a large superfamily, c. trachomatis with 9 members and c. pneumoniae with 21 members. all polymorphic membrane protein (pmp) are heterogeneous, both in amino acid s ...199910587946
chlamydiosis in pen-raised bobwhite quail (colinus virginianus) and chukar partridge (alectoris chukar) with high mortality.in a flock of 12,000 bobwhite quail (colinus virginianus) and 7200 chukar partridge (alectoris chukar), the owner had 100% morbidity and 40%-50% mortality in birds between the ages of 2 and 4 wk. affected birds were stunted and anorexic and had yellow/green diarrhea. two- and 4-wk-old birds submitted for necropsy all had slight nasal discharge. histopathologic examination revealed mild (bobwhite) to severe (chukar) rhinitis. immunohistochemistry was positive for chlamydia psittaci in all birds. ...199910611999
microbial aetiology of community-acquired pneumonia in hospitalised patients.adult patients hospitalised with community-acquired pneumonia were studied prospectively to determine the microbial aetiology of pneumonia. between april 1996 and march 1997, blood and sputum samples were collected for culture. throat swabs were obtained for isolation of viruses and for detection of antigens of chlamydia pneumoniae, influenza viruses a and b, respiratory syncytial virus and parainfluenza virus. antibodies against legionella spp., mycoplasma pneumoniae, chlamydia pneumoniae, chla ...199910614951
[images in medicine. pseudo-tumoral form of chlamydia psittaci pneumonia]. 199910627228
identification of an antigen localized to an apparent septum within dividing chlamydiae.the process of chlamydial cell division has not been thoroughly investigated. the lack of detectable peptidoglycan and the absence of an ftsz homolog within chlamydiae suggest an unusual mechanism for the division process. our laboratory has identified an antigen (sep antigen) localized to a ring-like structure at the apparent septum within dividing chlamydial reticulate bodies (rb). antisera directed against sep show similar patterns of antigen distribution in chlamydia trachomatis and chlamydi ...200010639437
[ornithosis--studies in correlation with an outbreak].an outbreak of ornithosis with 8 cases of ornithosis pneumonia and 2 lethal complications was investigated in workers in a poultry farm and processing plant and a comparative seroepidemiological study of antigen responses was performed in 3 collectives: no. i: n = 82/87 workers in the processing plant, where the outbreak occurred; no. ii: n = 83 workers in a chicken slaughter-house; no. iii: n = 82 as matched-pair group to collective no. i with the same age and sex, but without occupational risk ...199910666940
selenium and vitamin e effect on antibody production of sheep vaccinated against enzootic abortion (chlamydia psittaci).the effect of selenium (se) and vitamin e (vit e) on antibody production of sheep vaccinated against chlamydia psittaci (ovis) was investigated. thirty-two sheep, one year old, seronegative to chlamydia infection, vaccinated against enterotoxemia and dewormed were used. injectable sodium selenite (0.1 mg/kg b.w.) was given twice to animals of the first group (gse), with a three week interval. the sheep of the second group (ge) received 1 g vit e each orally, six times at weekly intervals. the an ...200010670702
characterization of in vitro dna binding sites of the euo protein of chlamydia psittaci.the euo gene of chlamydia is highly expressed early in the developmental cycle, relative to other genes, but continues to be expressed throughout the active growth phases. the precise function of euo protein is not known, but it binds to dna in vitro. in this study, we developed a selection and amplification scheme for identifying chlamydial genomic fragments to which euo preferentially binds in vitro. the scheme involved mixing recombinant euo with a chlamydia psittaci genomic library in a pblu ...200010678946
polymorphonuclear neutrophils are necessary for the recruitment of cd8(+) t cells in the liver in a pregnant mouse model of chlamydophila abortus (chlamydia psittaci serotype 1) infection.the role of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (pmns) in the development of the specific immune response against chlamydophila abortus (chlamydia psittaci serotype 1) infection was studied in a pregnant mouse model involving treatment with rb6-8c5 monoclonal antibody. pmn depletion significantly affected the immune response in the liver, in which the t-lymphocyte and f4/80(+) cell populations decreased, particularly the cd8(+) t-cell population. a th1-like response, characterized by high levels of ga ...200010679002
[prevalence of chlamydia infections in breeding sows and their importance in reproductive failure].to investigate the prevalence of chlamydial infection and their significance for reproductive disorders in sow breeding herds in germany, blood samples of 1493 pigs were taken for a serological survey by enzyme-linked-immunosorbent-assay (elisa). antibodies to chlamydiae were found in 33% of the samples, in all herds investigated responders could be detected. the rate of seropositive animals in different farms varied from 4.3% to 72.7%. the percentage of positive responders in the farms correlat ...200010689792
touchdown enzyme time release-pcr for detection and identification of chlamydia trachomatis, c. pneumoniae, and c. psittaci using the 16s and 16s-23s spacer rrna genes.three touchdown enzyme time release (tetr)-pcr assays were used to amplify different dna sequences in the variable regions of the 16s and 16s-23s spacer rrna genes specific for chlamydia trachomatis, chlamydia pneumoniae, and chlamydia psittaci as improved tests for sensitive diagnosis and rapid species differentiation. the tetr-pcr protocol used 60 cycles of amplification, which provided improved analytical sensitivity (0.004 to 0.063 inclusion-forming unit of chlamydia species per pcr). the se ...200010699002
detection of sequence variation in pcr-amplified fragments of omp2 gene from three species of the family chlamydiaceae using agarose gel electrophoresis containing bisbenzimide-peg.a simple technique providing a means for rapid genetic differentiation of chlamydial strains is described. the technique is based on a single-step sequence-specific separation of pcr-amplified dna fragments by electrophoresis in an agarose gel containing a dna ligand - bisbenzimide-peg. a hypervariable region at the 5' end of the omp2 gene of chlamydiaceae species encoding the 60-kda cysteine-rich outer membrane protein was selected as a target for pcr. the appropriate fragments were amplified f ...200010713423
molecular characterization of a bacteriophage (chp2) from chlamydia psittaci.comparisons of the proteome of abortifacient chlamydia psittaci isolates from sheep by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis identified a novel abundant protein with a molecular mass of 61.4 kda and an isoelectric point of 6.41. c-terminal sequence analysis of this protein yielded a short peptide sequence that had an identical match to the viral coat protein (vp1) of the avian chlamydiaphage chp1. electron microscope studies revealed the presence of a 25-nm-diameter bacteriophage (chp2) with no ap ...200010729119
interaction between turkey monocytes and avian chlamydia psittaci in the presence of mycoplasma sp.: the importance of nitric oxide.the interaction between chlamydia psittaci and turkey monocytes was studied in vitro. purified monocytes were inoculated with c. psittaci, in the presence or absence of mycoplasma hyorhinis. whereas turkey monocytes produced high amounts of nitric oxide (no) following the inoculation with m. hyorhinis, inoculation with c. psittaci did not induce no production in these phagocytes. the monocytes strongly supported chlamydial growth, as demonstrated by the presence of inclusion forming units, the p ...200010736525
evaluation of a commercial test for antibodies to the chlamydial lipopolysaccharide (medac) for serodiagnosis of acute infections by chlamydia pneumoniae (twar) and chlamydia psittaci.a commercial test (relisa) based on a recombinant chlamydial lipopolysaccharide (lps) antigen has been evaluated for the diagnosis of acute infections caused by chlamydia pneumoniae (twar) and chlamydia psittaci. this test and a microimmunofluorescence test (mif) were compared in 160 patients with community-acquired pneumonia. seventeen of nineteen cases with significant titre changes detected by relisa were confirmed by mif. the two remaining cases not confirmed by mif were considered false-pos ...200010737458
[demonstration of chlamydia from an equine abortion].the isolation and identification of a chlamydial agent from an equine fetus is reported. the fetus was aborted by a mare with respiratory disease and fever in the 9th month of pregnancy. the serum of the mare was investigated by the compliment fixation test. specific antibodies were detected for chlamydial antigen in a titer of > 1:40 and for equine herpes virus 1 antigen in a titer of 1:32. pathological lesions were not found in the organs of the fetus. chlamydiae were detected in the placenta ...200010743333
echocardiographic follow-up of chlamydia psittaci myocarditis.chlamydia psittaci myocarditis has been infrequently reported. a case of serologically confirmed c psittaci myocarditis with dilated left ventricle and severely impaired left ventricular function is described. serial echocardiograms demonstrated complete recovery after therapy. an early diagnosis has important prognostic implications.200010767264
seroepidemiological investigation of feline chlamydiosis in cats and humans in japan.the prevalence of chlamydia antibodies in japan was investigated in 215 cat sera, consisting of 88 sera of stray cats and 127 sera of pet cats, and 2,184 human sera, taken from 2,003 general persons and 181 small animal clinic veterinarians, by microimmunofluorescence (mif) testing with chlamydia psittaci fe/pn1 of feline origin and prk/6bc of avian origin as antigens. the prevalence rates of anti-fe/pn1 antibodies were 45.5% in stray cats, 17.3% in pet cats, 1.7% in general persons and 8.8% in ...200010789502
fluorescent labelling of intracellular bacteria in living host cells.the fluorescent reagent, celltracker, labels metabolically-active cells and was used here to label chlamydia in vivo during their exponential phase of growth in infected cells. hela cells infected with c. psittaci were labelled with the celltracker reagents between 15 and 48 h post-infection. the fluorescent label accumulated in the host-cell membrane compartment (inclusion) within which chlamydia reside and replicate, and was also incorporated by the bacteria. labelling with the celltracker aff ...200010802143
tumor necrosis factor-alpha and lipopolysaccharide enhance interferon-induced antichlamydial indoleamine dioxygenase activity independently.in macrophages, interleukin-1 (il-1) and lipopolysaccharide (lps) enhance the antichlamydial effect of interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) by increasing indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (ido) activity in a dose-dependent manner. our objectives were to characterize the antichlamydial effect of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (tnf-alpha) on ifn-induced ido activity and to establish the relationship between lps and tnf-alpha in ido potentiation. tnf-alpha inhibited chlamydial growth in a dose-dependent manner only ...200010805371
deacylation of lipopolysaccharides and isolation of oligosaccharide phosphates. 200010820731
chlamydia psittaci lipopolysaccharide. a reinvestigation of its chemical composition and structure.a lipopolysaccharide (lps) of chlamydia psittaci pk 5082 strain associated with enzootic abortion in ewes was isolated from embryonated hen eggs-grown elementary bodies (ebs) by a phenol/water procedure. compositional analyses revealed the presence of 3-deoxy-d-manno-oct-2-ulosonic acid (kdo), glucosamine (glcn), phosphorus, and fatty acids in a molar ratio of 2.6:2.0:2.4:4.4. glcn was the only amino sugar detected. methylation analysis of the lps confirmed the presence of a kdo trisaccharide pr ...199910825928
characterization of the rnpb gene and rnase p rna in the order chlamydiales.the sequence of the rnase p rna gene (rnpb) was determined for 60 strains representing all nine species in the family chlamydiaceae and for the related chlamydiales species, parachlamydia acanthamoebae and simkania negevensis. these sequences were used to infer evolutionary relationships among the chlamydiaceae. the analysis separated chlamydophila and chlamydia into two lineages, with chlamydophila forming three distinct clusters: the chlamydophila pneumoniae strains; the chlamydophila pecorum ...200010826799
virus serology in familial crohn disease.recent findings that early-in-life virus infections represent a risk factor for crohn disease, that exacerbations of disease sometimes appear associated with common viral infections, and, in particular, suggestions that crohn disease may be the result of persistent infection with measles virus prompted serologic studies for antibody to 19 common viruses, chlamydia psittaci, and mycoplasma pneumoniae.200010831264
optimal development of chlamydophila psittaci in l929 fibroblast and bgm epithelial cells requires the participation of microfilaments and microtubule-motor proteins.the cytoskeleton is involved in several cellular activities, including internalization and transport of foreign particles. although particular functions to each cytoskeleton component have been described, interactions between those components seem to occur. the involvement of the different host cell cytoskeletal components in uptake and development of chlamydophila psittaci is incompletely understood. in this study, the participation of the microfilament network along with the kinesin and dynein ...200010839969
microvirus of chlamydia psittaci strain guinea pig inclusion conjunctivitis: isolation and molecular characterization.the authors report the isolation and molecular characterization of a bacteriophage, φcpg1, which infects chlamydia: psittaci strain guinea pig inclusion conjunctivitis. purified virion preparations contained isometric particles of 25 nm diameter, superficially similar to spike-less members of the φx174 family of bacteriophages. the single-stranded circular dna genome of φcpg1 included five large orfs, which were similar to orfs in the genome of a previously described chlamydia: bacte ...200010878129
severe leukopenia and liver necrosis in young african grey parrots (psittacus erithacus erithacus) infected with psittacine circovirus.this paper describes the signs, clinical pathology, and postmortem findings in 14 young african grey parrots (psittacus erithacus erithacus) that were naturally infected with psittacine beak and feather disease (pbfd) virus (psittacine circovirus). all but two of the parrots had severe leukopenia at clinical presentation. two other parrots also had severe anemia. all birds died within 3 wk after presentation. postmortem examination documented liver necrosis in 11 of 14 birds and secondary bacter ...200010879931
psittacosis with increased gammadelta t cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid.experience with two cases of psittacosis is described here in which the number of gammadelta t cell receptor-positive t lymphocytes (gammadelta t cell) in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was markedly increased (25.1 and 66.9%) and cd8+ t cells were also increased with reversal of the cd4/cd8 ratio. these values improved to the normal range along with recovery of their radiographical findings. the present findings suggest that gammadelta t cells may play an important role in protection from lung ...200010894106
dynamics of the development of chlamydophila psittaci inclusions in epithelial and fibroblast host cells.the development of chlamydophila psittaci (formerly chlamydia psittaci, avian strains) inclusions in fibroblast l-929 and epithelial bgm cell lines was studied along the bacterial growth cycle using a bgm cell-adapted strain in the presence or absence of cycloheximide and cycloheximide + polyethylene glycol. evolution of the inclusions was determined in terms of their number and size at 24, 30, 36, 48 and 54 h after infection. significant differences in the chlamydial growth were found between b ...200010900825
feline upper respiratory tract disease. 200010907225
compendium of measures to control chlamydia psittaci infection among humans (psittacosis) and pet birds (avian chlamydiosis), 2000. centers for disease control and prevention.psittacosis--also known as parrot fever and ornithosis--is spread by a bacterial infection of birds that can cause severe pneumonia and other serious health problems among humans. from 1988 through 1998, 813 cases of psittacosis (infection with chlamydia psittaci) were reported to cdc, and most resulted from exposure to infected pet birds, usually cockatiels, parakeets, parrots, and macaws. in birds, c. psittaci infection is referred to as avian chlamydiosis (ac). infected birds shed the bacteri ...200010914931
chlamydophila abortus in a brown skua (catharacta antarctica lonnbergi) from a subantarctic island.on bird island, south georgia, a new strain of chlamydophila abortus was detected in one brown skua out of 37 specimens from six different seabird species. phylogenetic analysis of the rnpb and omp1 genes indicated the strain to be more closely related to c. abortus than to 6bc, the type strain of chlamydophila psittaci.200010919838
isolation of chlamydia psittaci involved in abortion of goats in mexico: first report.a group of 35 healthy adult goats ranging from two to six years old were bought from a chlamydiosis and brucellosis-free flock; they were vaccinated against brucella melitensis with rev1 vaccine at reduced doses, and one month later placed in isolation units. the animals were one month pregnant at the moment of purchase, and during the third month of pregnancy 10 out of the 35 dams aborted. necropsy of the aborted fetus and examination of the foetal membranes was performed where no macroscopic l ...199710932720
avian chlamydiosis.avian chlamydiosis (ac) can be economically devastating to producers and a serious public health problem. most infections in humans are due to exposure to psittacine birds and pigeons; however, outbreaks resulting in severe disease and even death do occur in abattoir workers following processing of infected flocks. the disease occurs primarily in turkeys and ducks, but can affect all types of poultry. in poultry, the disease varies from one producing high morbidity and mortality to one that is a ...200010935270
ostrich diseases.scientific knowledge of ostrich diseases is incomplete and very fragmented, with specific details on technical aspects of diagnostic and/or screening tests completely absent in most cases. salmonella typhimurium is common in multispecies collections and causes mortality in chicks younger than three months on commercial farms, but is rarely found in chicks older than six months, or slaughter birds of twelve to fourteen months in southern africa. campylobacter jejuni and chlamydia psittaci are occ ...200010935285
recent epidemiological status of feline upper respiratory infections in japan.epidemiology of upper respiratory infections of cats was studied. nasal, ocular, and oral swabs collected from 111 cats presented at animal hospitals during the past 2.5 years were examined. twenty-four (21.6%) and 4 (3.6%) cats were diagnosed as feline calicivirus (fcv) infection and feline viral rhinotracheitis, respectively, indicating fcv is more prevalent than feline herpesvirus-1, which revealed a considerable shift from data obtained in 1970s. cat sera immunized by using vaccines containi ...200010945306
does inhibition of tumor necrosis factor alpha affect chlamydial genital tract infection in mice and guinea pigs?the role of tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnf-alpha) in host defense against chlamydial infection remains unclear. in order to further evaluate the relevance of tnf-alpha to host resistance in chlamydial genital tract infection, we examined the effect of local inhibition of the tnf-alpha response in normal c57 mice and in interferon gamma gene-deficient c57 mice infected intravaginally with the mouse pneumonitis agent of chlamydia trachomatis. since the guinea pig model of female genital tract in ...200010948158
comparative analyses of secondary gene products of 3-deoxy-d-manno-oct-2-ulosonic acid transferases from chlamydiaceae in escherichia coli k-12.the waaa gene encoding the essential, lipopolysaccharide (lps)-specific 3-deoxy-dmanno-oct-2-ulosonic acid (kdo) transferase was inactivated in the chromosome of a heptosyltransferase i and ii deficient escherichia coli k-12 strain by insertion of gene expression cassettes encoding the waaa genes of chlamydia trachomatis, chlamydophila pneumoniae or chlamydophila psittaci. the three chlamydial kdo transferases were able to complement the knockout mutation without changing the growth or multiplic ...200010951204
phage infection of the obligate intracellular bacterium, chlamydia psittaci strain guinea pig inclusion conjunctivitis.the infectious cycle of phicpg1, a bacteriophage that infects the obligate intracellular pathogen, chlamydia psittaci strain guinea pig inclusion conjunctivitis, was observed using transmission electron microscopy of phage-hyperinfected, chlamydia-infected hela cells. phage attachment to extracellular, metabolically dormant, infectious elementary bodies and cointernalisation are demonstrated. following entry, phage infection takes place as soon as elementary bodies differentiate into metabolical ...200010955956
a review of antigen diversity causing lung disease among pigeon breeders. 200010971467
structural analysis of the lipopolysaccharide from chlamydophila psittaci strain 6bc.the lipopolysaccaride of chlamydophila psittaci 6bc was isolated from tissue culture-grown elementary bodies using a modified phenol/water procedure followed by extraction with phenol/chloroform/light petroleum. compositional analyses indicated the presence of 3-deoxy-dmanno-oct-2-ulosonic acid, glcn, organic bound phosphate and fatty acids in a molar ratio of approximately 3. 3 : 2 : 1.8 : 4.6. deacylated lipopolysaccharide was obtained after successive microscale treatment with hydrazine and p ...200010971582
evaluation of strain-specific primer sequences from an abortifacient strain of ovine chlamydophila abortus (chalmydia psittaci) for the detection of eae by pcr.strain-specific primer sequences derived from the helicase gene of an ovine abortifacient strain (s26/3) of chlamydophila abortus (chlamydia psittaci) were evaluated for the diagnosis of enzootic abortion in ewes (eae) by polymerase chain reaction (pcr). c abortus dna was amplified from tissues submitted from ovine abortion cases using genus-specific and strain-specific primers in a standard thermal cycler. amplification was followed by southern blotting and hybridisation with a strain-specific ...200010981698
differential sensitivities of chlamydia trachomatis strains to inhibitory effects of gamma interferon.gamma interferon (ifn-gamma) is an important cytokine in host defense against chlamydial infection. an in vitro cell culture system was used to show that ifn-gamma inhibition of chlamydial growth, as determined by diminished recovery of infectious elementary bodies, differed markedly among chlamydial strains. these differences in sensitivity among chlamydial strains to ifn-gamma-mediated inhibition may profoundly influence the clinical outcome of infection.200010992517
occurrence of chlamydiae in the genital tracts of sows at slaughter and their possible significance for reproductive failure.the aim of this study was to investigate further the role of chlamydiae as pathogens in the genital tracts of sows at slaughter. genital tracts of 101 randomly selected sows were collected and specimens of genital tract localizations were systematically examined for chlamydiae using immunohistochemistry and pcr. in the genital tracts of 10 sows, chlamydia psittaci dna was detected by pcr, and was further typed as 'serotype 1' in nine cases and as avian strain 6 bc in one animal. however, all spe ...200011014069
chlamydophila abortus (chlamydia psittaci serotype 1) clearance is associated with the early recruitment of neutrophils and cd8(+)t cells in a mouse model.the immune mechanisms in response to chlamydophila abortus (chlamydia psittaci serotype 1) infection were studied in c57bl/6 and cba mice. the infection was monitored and the following aspects of the immune response were evaluated: the nature of the leucocyte infiltrate in the liver, the percentages of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (pmns), macrophages and lymphocytes in the spleen, and the concentrations of cytokines in serum. in addition, the serum concentrations of igg1 and igg2a were determin ...200011032671
feline chlamydia and calicivirus infections.feline conjunctivitis is common and often presents a clinical challenge to the veterinarian. chlamydia psittaci is an important pathogen and should always be considered when evaluating cats with conjunctivitis. fcv is an infrequent cause of conjunctivitis and only causes the disease in conjunction with other clinical signs of this infection, such as oral mucosal ulcers and upper respiratory tract disease.200011033872
comparative analysis of the putative amino acid sequences of chlamydial heat shock protein 60 and escherichia coli groel.the nucleotide sequences of the gene encoding chlamydial heat shock protein 60 (chsp60) of 7 chlamydia psittaci strains were determined. comparison of sequences of the chsp60 gene among chlamydiae showed high identities of the nucleotide sequences by 81.0% or greater and of the deduced amino acid sequences by 92.2% or greater. comparison of the amino acid sequences between chlamydia and the other bacterial hsp60s resulted in the finding of three highly conserved regions, suggesting that these re ...200011039588
[comparison of various diagnostic kits and antigens for the detection of chlamydial antibodies in the serum of patients with respiratory diseases] .examination of sera of patients with respiratory diseases did not reveal any substantial difference in detection of chlamydial antibodies by elisa using two commercial kits (chlamydia stat and rrlisa) demonstrating igg antibodies and two corpuscular antigens prepared from chlamydia psittaci and chlamydia pneumoniae in the institute of virology, sas, in bratislava detecting whole serum antibodies. however, higher sensitivity of relisa diagnostic kit was found when analyzing immunoglobulin classes ...200011059109
synthesis of neoglycoproteins containing kdo epitopes specific for chlamydophila psittaci lipopolysaccharide.the oligosaccharides alpha-kdop-(2-->8)-alpha-kdop-(2-->6)-beta-d- glcpnac-(1-->oall) 4, alpha-kdop-(2-->4)-alpha- kdop-(2-->4)-alpha-kdop-(2-->6)-beta-d-glcpnac-(1-->oall+ ++) 10, and the branched kdo tetrasaccharide alpha- kdop-(2-->4)-[alpha-kdop-(2-->8)]-alpha-kdop-(2-->4)-a lpha-kdop-(2-->oall) 21 have been prepared using en bloc transfer of kdo oligosaccharide bromide donors to protected mono- or disaccharide acceptors. radical addition of cysteamine to the anomeric allyl glycosides afford ...200011061033
experimental enteric infection of gnotobiotic piglets with a chlamydia psittaci strain of avian origin.the pathogenicity of a chlamydia psittaci isolate of pigeon origin was assessed using a litter of gnotobiotic piglets. at 3 days of age, six piglets were inoculated intragastrically with egg-grown chlamydiae, the remaining six pigs were sham-inoculated. the animals were observed for clinical signs, and they were killed and necropsied sequentially between 4 and 15 days of age. clinical manifestations consisted of slight softening of the faeces between 6 and 10 days post-inoculation (dpi). immunoh ...200011075544
chlamydia species and mycoplasma pneumoniae.chlamydia psittaci, chlamydia pneumoniae, and mycoplasma pneumoniae are a group of respiratory pathogens that have similar pulmonary and extrapulmonary manifestations. recent studies suggest that c. pneumoniae and m. pneumoniae may play a role in the pathogenesis of asthma, but further studies are needed to delineate the importance of these organisms in this disease. the diagnosis of c. pneumoniae infection is hindered by the lack of a gold standard: asymptomatic carriage of c. pneumoniae lowers ...199911095770
the role of chlamydia in upper respiratory tract infections.although chlamydia pneumoniae and chlamydia psittaci are well-established causes of community-acquired pneumonia, little is known about the role of chlamydia species in upper respiratory tract infections. c. pneumoniae may play a role in the pathogenesis of acute otitis media. although c. pneumoniae has been isolated from the middle-ear fluid of children with otitis, children in whom the organism was isolated from middle-ear fluid improved despite being treated with antibiotics that are not acti ...200011095846
limited role of polymorphonuclear neutrophils in a pregnant mouse model of secondary infection by chlamydophila abortus (chlamydia psittaci serotype 1).the aim of this work was to study the role of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (pmns) in the clearance of infection, and in the development of specific immunity against chlamydophila abortus (chlamydia psittaci serotype 1) secondary infection. a pregnant mouse model depleted of neutrophils by the rb6-8c5 monoclonal antibody was used. no clinical signs were observed in depleted or non-depleted mice after secondary infection and no significant differences were observed in the litter size between the ...200011095917
[chlamydia infection and peripartum dilated cardiomyopathy in niger].peripartum cardiac failure due to cardiomyopathy is common in sub-saharan africa. the etiology is unknown. this study was performed in niger to assess a possible relationship between peripartum cardiomyopathy and chlamydia. a total of 50 african women presenting peripartum cardiomyopathy underwent testing for infection by chlamydia pneumoniae, chlamydia trachomatis, and chlamydia psittaci. the inclusion criteria were cardiac failure during the last three months of pregnancy or first 6 months pos ...200011100438
pcr-based detection of chlamydial infection in swine and subsequent pcr-coupled genotyping of chlamydial omp1-gene amplicons by dna-hybridization, rflp-analysis, and nucleotide sequence analysis.lung and intestine of 49 pigs with respiratory diseases and endocervical swabs from 205 sows with reproductive disorders were investigated for chlamydial infection by polymerase chain reaction. pcr primers targeted dna sequences on the chlamydial omp1 or omp2 genes. pcr amplicons were generated from 49.0% of pigs with respiratory disease, from 60.0% of sows with reproductive disorders, from 24.5% of respiratory healthy controls, but from no endocervical swabs from fertile sows. by dna hybridizat ...200011117968
identification of protective epitopes by sequencing of the major outer membrane protein gene of a variant strain of chlamydia psittaci serotype 1 (chlamydophila abortus).protective monoclonal antibodies (mabs) to the major outer membrane protein (momp) of species of the family chlamydiaceae, which is the primary vaccine candidate antigen, recognize nonlinear epitopes conferred by the oligomeric conformation of the molecule. protective mabs failed to recognize oligomeric momp of the variant strain llg, which bears amino acid substitutions in variable segments (vss) 1, 2, and 4, and competed with monomer-specific mabs mapping to these vss in reference strain 577. ...200111119563
modulation of p2z/p2x(7) receptor activity in macrophages infected with chlamydia psittaci.given the role that extracellular atp (atp(o))-mediated apoptosis may play in inflammatory responses and in controlling mycobacterial growth in macrophages, we investigated whether atp(o) has any effect on the viability of chlamydiae in macrophages and, conversely, whether the infection has any effect on susceptibility to atp(o)-induced killing via p2z/p2x(7) purinergic receptors. apoptosis of j774 macrophages could be selectively triggered by atp(o), because other purine/pyrimidine nucleotides ...200111121379
[chest radiograph of atypical pneumonia: comparison among chlamydia pneumoniae. pneumonia, ornithosis, and mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia].no report has been found comparing chlamydia pneumoniae (c. pneumoniae) pneumonia radiographically with other atypical pneumonias, chlamydia psittaci (c. psittaci) pneumonia and mycoplasma pneumoniae (m. pneumoniae) pneumonia. we described the chest radiographs of three kinds of pneumonia cases: 46 cases of c. pneumoniae pneumonia, 39 cases of c. psittaci pneumonia, and 131 cases of m. pneumoniae pneumonia. radiographic shadows were categorized into main shadows and sub-shadows. the main shadows ...200011140079
[lambing ewes as a source of severe psittacosis in a pregnant woman].the first documented dutch case of an ovine chlamydia psittaci infection concerned a 20-year-old woman in the 26th week of pregnancy, following contact with lambing sheep. she had a severe sepsis and had to be artificially ventilated. finally, the patient made a full recovery. the preterm born child died directly after birth. the placenta showed an acute intervillitis in which chlamydial antigen was demonstrated immunohistologically. infection with an ovine c. psittaci was confirmed by sequence ...200011155507
field evaluation of a new commercially available elisa based on a recombinant antigen for diagnosing chlamydophila abortus (chlamydia psittaci serotype 1) infection.a new commercially available elisa (elisar-chlamydia) for detecting antibodies against chlamydophila abortus has been evaluated using sheep field serum samples. the elisa is based on a recombinant antigen which expresses part of a protein from the 80-90kda family that is specific to c. abortus. sera (105) from six flocks with confirmed ovine chlamydial abortion (oea) outbreaks were used in this study, as well as sera (258) from 18 flocks which had suffered no oea in the last lambing. the elisar- ...200111165067
a possible association between chlamydiae psittacci infection and temporal arteritis.some arguments are in favor of the role of chlamydia in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and some vasculitis. illustrating this possible relation, we report the case of a patient developing consecutively a chlamydia psittacci infection and a temporal arteritis. a 73-year-old woman, with no significant medical history, was hospitalized for constitutional symptoms. three weeks before, she had described fever and sore throat of two days' duration. since that time, she had remained exhausted and ...200011195320
a secondary structure motif predictive of protein localization to the chlamydial inclusion membrane.chlamydiae are obligate intracellular pathogens that spend their entire growth phase sequestered in a membrane-bound vacuole called an inclusion. a set of chlamydial proteins, labelled inc proteins, has been identified in the inclusion membrane (im). the predicted inca, incb and incc amino acid sequences share very limited similarity, but a common hydrophobicity motif is present within each inc protein. in an effort to identify a relatively complete catalogue of chlamydia trachomatis proteins pr ...200011207561
detection of chlamydial antibody by fetal serology--an aid to the diagnosis of ovine abortion.two serological tests (indirect immunofluorescence and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) were developed for the detection of fetal antibody to chlamydia psittaci. fetal blood and thoracic fluid from 126 field cases of suspected ovine chlamydial abortion were examined using both tests. placenta and fetal tissues (lung, liver, and kidney) from the same animals were also examined by the following conventional diagnostic methods: isolation in mccoy cells, detection of chlamydial lipopolysaccharide ...200111243360
identification of polymorphic outer membrane proteins of chlamydia psittaci 6bc.the genomes of chlamydia spp. encode a family of putative outer membrane proteins, referred to as polymorphic outer membrane proteins (pomps), which may play a role in the avoidance of host immune defenses. we analyzed avian strain 6bc of chlamydia psittaci by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis for the expression of pomps. at least six putative pomps were identified on the basis of their size (90 to 110 kda) and labeling with an outer membrane-specific probe, 3-(trifluoromethyl)-3-(m-[125i]iodop ...200111254603
sphingomyelin trafficking in chlamydia pneumoniae-infected cells.chlamydia pneumoniae is a bacterial obligate intracellular parasite with a developmental cycle common to all members of the genus chlamydia. like other chlamydiae, the developmental cycle of c. pneumoniae occurs entirely within a membrane-bound intracellular vacuole, termed an inclusion, that is non-fusogenic with endosomal or lysosomal compartments. to characterize the vesicular interactions of the c. pneumoniae inclusion, we used a fluorescent analogue of ceramide, (n-[7-(4-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1, ...200111260137
seroepizootiology of selected infectious disease agents in free-living birds of prey in germany.four hundred forty-eight blood plasma samples from free-living birds of prey from berlin and the brandenburg area in eastern germany were tested for antibodies against newcastle disease virus (ndv), falcon herpesvirus (fhv), owl herpesvirus (ohv), and chlamydia psittaci. antibodies to ndv were detected in 6 (2%) of 346 tested diurnal birds of prey, whereas none of the owls (n = 55) was positive. the positive samples originated from two common buzzards (buteo buteo), three ospreys (pandion haliac ...200111272489
chlamydial serology: comparative diagnostic value of immunoblotting, microimmunofluorescence test, and immunoassays using different recombinant proteins as antigens.to improve the reliability of the serodiagnosis of chlamydia trachomatis infections, an immunoblot analysis, a microimmunofluorescence titration, and different immunoassays using synthetic peptides derived from species-specific epitopes in variable domain iv of the major outer membrane protein or recombinant antigens (heat shock protein 70 [hsp70], hsp60, hsp10, polypeptide encoded by open reading frame 3 of the plasmid [pgp3], macrophage infectivity potentiator, and a fragment of the total lipo ...200111283058
[what is your diagnosis? psittacosis]. 200111293935
heparin-binding outer membrane protein of chlamydiae.as an intracellular pathogen, the mechanism by which chlamydia invade eukaryotic cells represents a cornerstone to understanding chlamydial biology. the ability of chlamydiae specifically to bind heparan sulphate or heparin and the association of this ability to bind and enter mammalian host cells was approached by searching experimentally for chlamydial outer membrane proteins that bind heparin. the 60 000 molecular weight cysteine-rich outer membrane complex protein, omcb, bound heparin. the a ...200111359574
detection of feline calicivirus, feline herpesvirus 1 and chlamydia psittaci mucosal swabs by multiplex rt-pcr/pcr.a single tube, multiplex reverse transcription (rt)-polymerase chain reaction (pcr)/pcr assay was developed for detection of feline herpesvirus 1 (fhv1), chlamydia psittaci and feline calicivirus (fcv) in cats with upper respiratory tract disease (urtd), incorporating a simple, rapid extraction procedure capable of extracting both dna and rna. the assay was found to be as sensitive in vitro as simplex assays that have previously been shown to be as sensitive as, or more sensitive than, culture f ...200111376956
peptide immunization of guinea pigs against chlamydia psittaci (gpic agent) infection induces good vaginal secretion antibody response, in vitro neutralization and partial protection against live challenge.immunization of female guinea pigs with a chimeric peptide consisting of variable domain iv (vdiv) and a region known as gp8 from the major outer membrane protein of chlamydophila caviae, formerly chlamydia psittaci guinea pig inclusion conjunctivitis strain, was performed to assess whether humoral immune responses could be elicited in the reproductive tracts of immunized animals. the c. caviae strain is able to cause a sexually transmitted infection in the guinea pig that closely parallels c. t ...200111380677
protection of turkeys against chlamydophila psittaci challenge by parenteral and mucosal inoculations and the effect of turkey interferon-gamma on genetic immunization.plasmid dna (pcdna1::momp a) expressing the major outer membrane protein of an avian chlamydophila psittaci serovar a strain was tested for its ability to induce protective immunity against challenge with the same c. psittaci serovar. a combined parenteral (intramuscular injection) and mucosal route (dna drops administered to the nares) of dna inoculation was compared to three other, different routes of administration (intramuscular inoculation, dna drops administered to the nares and aerosol im ...200111380698
production of bartonella genus-specific monoclonal antibodies.monoclonal antibodies (mabs) which react with heat-resistant proteins with molecular masses of 32 to 33 kda of 14 different bartonella species were produced. these antibodies did not react with antigens of 26 diverse bacterial strains by microimmunofluorescence assay except mab b3d4, which reacted with chlamydia psittaci and chlamydia trachomatis at low titers. the identification of a common bartonella antigenic protein will make it possible to later produce a diagnostic antigen by cloning and e ...200111427441
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