| the level of expression of the minor pilin subunit, cood, determines the number of cs1 pili assembled on the cell surface of escherichia coli. | cood, the minor subunit of cs1 pili of enterotoxigenic escherichia coli, is essential for the assembly of stable, functional pili. we previously proposed that cood is a rate-limiting initiator of cs1 pilus assembly and predicted that the level of cood expression should therefore determine the number of cs1 pili assembled on the cell surface. in this study, we confirm that cood is required for the initiation of pilus assembly rather than for the stabilization of pili after they are assembled by d ... | 1999 | 10049406 |
| localization of non-mhc collagen-induced arthritis susceptibility loci in dba/1j mice. | one approach to understanding common human diseases is to determine the genetic defects responsible for similar diseases in animal models and place those defective genes in their corresponding biochemical pathways. our laboratory is working with an animal model for human rheumatoid arthritis called collagen-induced arthritis (cia). we are particularly interested in determining the location of disease-predisposing loci. to that end, we performed experiments to localize susceptibility loci for cia ... | 1999 | 10051620 |
| cytotoxic t-cell, delayed type hypersensitive and listeriolysin o responses in experimental bovine listeriosis. | five different antigens of listeria monocytogenes nctc 11994 were assayed for their lymphoproliferative, cytotoxic, humoral and delayed type hypersensitivity (dth) responses in experimentally infected calves. the antigens used were culture filtrate antigen (cfa), listeriolysin o (llo), sonicated antigen (sa), live antigen (la) and heat killed antigen (hka). cfa was most lymphoproliferative when assayed in vitro. in an autologous monocyte cytotoxicity assay, soluble protein as well as bacterial c ... | 1999 | 10063538 |
| kinetics of interferon-gamma production and its comparison with anti-listeriolysin o detection in experimental bovine listeriosis. | the kinetics of the production of interferon gamma (ifn-gamma) in whole blood culture and its comparison with anti-listeriolysin o (allo) detection by elisa were studied during oral infection of calves with listeria monocytogenes. culture filtrate antigen (cfa), listeriolysin o (llo), and sonicated antigen (sa) were used to prime the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs) and the plasma from orally infected calves. ifn-gamma and allo appeared as early as day 7 of an oral infection. ifn-gamma ... | 1998 | 10066124 |
| regulation and transfer of a murine model of thyrotropin receptor antibody mediated graves' disease. | in order to replicate a recently described murine model of graves' disease, we immunized akr/n (h-2k) mice i.p., every 2 weeks, with either a clone of fibroblasts expressing both the human tsh receptor (htshr) and murine major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class ii molecules or with fibroblasts expressing the mhc class ii molecules alone. mice were bled, and their thyroid hormone levels measured, at 6, 12, and up to 18 weeks after the first immunization. between 11-12 weeks after immunization ... | 1999 | 10067867 |
| specificity of the 34-kilodalton immunodominant protein of mycobacterium avium sp. paratuberculosis. | | 1999 | 10068253 |
| the diameter of the common femoral artery in healthy human: influence of sex, age, and body size. | to determine the relevance of dilatations of the common femoral artery (cfa), knowledge of the normal cfa diameter is essential. the diameter of the cfa in healthy male and female subjects of different ages was investigated. | 1999 | 10069915 |
| genome-wide linkage analysis of chronic relapsing experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in the rat identifies a major susceptibility locus on chromosome 9. | the immunization of inbred dark agouti (da) rats with an emulsion containing homogenized spinal cord and cfa induces chronic relapsing experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (eae), a disease with many similarities to multiple sclerosis. we report here the first genome-wide search for quantitative trait loci regulating eae in the rat using this model. we identified one quantitative trait locus on chromosome 9, eae4, in a [da(rt1av1) x bn(rt1n)]f2 intercross showing linkage to disease susceptib ... | 1999 | 10072499 |
| the cyclic amp receptor protein is dependent on gcva for regulation of the gcv operon. | the escherichia coli gcv operon is transcriptionally regulated by the gcva, gcvr, lrp, and purr proteins. in this study, the cyclic amp (camp) receptor protein (crp) is shown to be involved in positive regulation of the gcv operon. a crp deletion reduced expression of a gcvt-lacz fusion almost fourfold in glucose minimal (gm) medium. the phenotype was complemented by both the wild-type crp gene and four crp alleles that encode proteins with amino acid substitutions in known activating regions of ... | 1999 | 10074087 |
| anti-inflammatory effects of taiwan folk medicine 'teng-khia-u' on carrageenan- and adjuvant-induced paw edema in rats. | 'teng-khia-u' is a folk medicine from taiwan, derived from the entire plants of elephantopus scaber l., e. mollis h.b.k. and pseudoelephantopus spicatus (juss.) rohr (compositae). to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activities of these crude drugs, models with carrageenan-induced acute arthritis and complete freund's adjuvant (cfa)-induced chronic arthritis in rats were conducted. the results indicated that pretreatment with 'teng-khia-u' significantly inhibited the carrageenan-induced acute arthr ... | 1999 | 10075126 |
| regulation of interleukin (il)-12 receptor beta2 subunit expression by endogenous il-12: a critical step in the differentiation of pathogenic autoreactive t cells. | the interleukin (il)-12 receptor (r)beta2 subunit is the critical molecule involved in maintaining il-12 responsiveness and controlling t helper cell type 1 lineage commitment. we demonstrate that il-12 and interferon (ifn)-gamma play separate, but complementary, roles in regulating il-12rbeta2 expression on antigen-specific cd4(+) t cells. these results are consistent with our previous observation that il-12 can promote autoimmune disease through ifn-gamma-independent as well as -dependent path ... | 1999 | 10075980 |
| transgenic interleukin 10 prevents induction of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. | the effectiveness of interleukin 10 (il-10) in the treatment of autoimmune-mediated central nervous system inflammation is controversial. studies of the model system, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (eae), using various routes, regimens, and delivery methods of il-10 suggest that these variables may affect its immunoregulatory function. to study the influence of these factors on il-10 regulation of eae pathogenesis, we have analyzed transgenic mice expressing human il-10 (hil-10) trans ... | 1999 | 10075984 |
| selective activation and functional significance of p38alpha mitogen-activated protein kinase in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated neutrophils. | activation of leukocytes by proinflammatory stimuli selectively initiates intracellular signal transduction via sequential phosphorylation of kinases. lipopolysaccharide (lps) stimulation of human neutrophils is known to result in activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk); however, the upstream activator(s) of p38 mapk is unknown, and consequences of p38 mapk activation remain largely undefined. we investigated the mapk kinase (mkk) that activates p38 mapk in response to lps, the ... | 1999 | 10079106 |
| inhibition of allorecognition by a human class ii mhc-derived peptide through the induction of apoptosis. | the interaction of the t-cell receptor with the major histocomatibility complex (mhc)-peptide complex is central to t-cell activation. variation in the nature of the peptide bound within the groove of the mhc molecule may result in an altered t-cell response. because some naturally processed peptides bound within the groove of the class ii mhc molecule are derived from the mhc molecules themselves, we studied the inhibitory effects of synthetic class ii mhc peptides on alloimmune responses in vi ... | 1999 | 10079107 |
| a contraceptive peptide vaccine targeting sulfated glycoprotein zp2 of the mouse zona pellucida. | in this study, we have mapped and characterized a b cell epitope of sulfated glycoprotein zp2 (zp2) as a step toward the development of a multi-epitope zona pellucida (zp) vaccine. recombinant polypeptides expressed by random deoxyribonuclease-digested fragments of zp2 cdna were screened for binding to ie-3, a monoclonal antibody to murine zp2. positive clones contained cdna inserts encoding polypeptide corresponding to zp2(103-134). when normal or ovariectomized female mice were immunized with ... | 1999 | 10084964 |
| amplification of the antibody response by c3b complexed to antigen through an ester link. | complement c3 has been described as playing an important role in the cell-mediated immune response. c3b has the capacity to covalently bind ag and then to stimulate in vitro ag presentation to t lymphocytes. to verify this observation in vivo, we prepared and purified covalent human c3b-ag complexes using lysozyme (hel) as ag. the characterization of these hel-c3b complexes indicates that they are representative of those susceptible to be generated in physiological conditions. mice were immunize ... | 1999 | 10092826 |
| twelve pil genes are required for biogenesis of the r64 thin pilus. | the inci1 plasmid r64 produces two kinds of sex pili: a thin pilus and a thick pilus. the thin pilus, which belongs to the type iv family, is required only for liquid matings. fourteen genes, pili to -v, were found in the dna region responsible for the biogenesis of the r64 thin pilus (s.-r. kim and t. komano, j. bacteriol. 179:3594-3603, 1997). in this study, we introduced frameshift mutations into each of the 14 pil genes to test their requirement for r64 thin pilus biogenesis. from the analys ... | 1999 | 10094679 |
| binding site recognition by rns, a virulence regulator in the arac family. | the expression of cs1 pili by enterotoxigenic strains of escherichia coli is regulated at the transcriptional level and requires the virulence regulator rns, a member of the arac family of regulatory proteins. rns binds at two separate sites upstream of pcoo (the promoter of cs1 pilin genes), which were identified in vitro with an mbp::rns fusion protein in gel mobility and dnase i footprinting assays. at each site, rns recognizes asymmetric nucleotide sequences in two regions of the major groov ... | 1999 | 10094688 |
| effect of timing of intravenous administration of myelin basic protein on the induction of tolerance in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. | immunological tolerance and suppression of clinical and histological experimental allergic encaphalomyelitis (eae) can be induced by the intravenous (i.v.) administration of myelin basic protein (mbp). in this report we have characterized the effect of the time of i.v. administration of mbp on the course of eae in lewis rats. rats were treated with the i.v. administration of one or two 500 micrograms doses of mbp either before or after active immunization. results indicated that i.v. administrat ... | 1999 | 10096096 |
| acute/relapsing experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis: induction of long lasting, antigen-specific tolerance by syngeneic bone marrow transplantation. | experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (eae) is an inducible autoimmune disease widely used as a model of the acute/relapsing stage of multiple sclerosis. we have previously shown that treatment of eae-mice with high doses of cyclophosphamide (cy) (350 mg kg), followed by syngeneic bone marrow transplantation (sbmt), completely abrogates the clinical paralytic signs and even prevents the appearance of new relapses in the chronic-relapsing model of the disease. in the present study we examined ... | 1999 | 10096098 |
| immunomodulation of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by oral administration of copolymer 1. | the activity of copolymer 1 (cop 1, copaxone, glatiramer acetate) in suppressing experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (eae) and in the treatment of multiple sclerosis patients when injected parenterally has been extensively demonstrated. in the present study we addressed the question of whether cop 1 can induce oral tolerance to eae similar to myelin basic protein (mbp). we now have demonstrated that oral cop 1 inhibited eae induction in both rats and mice. furthermore, oral cop 1 was more ... | 1999 | 10097125 |
| orofacial deep and cutaneous tissue inflammation differentially upregulates preprodynorphin mrna in the trigeminal and paratrigeminal nuclei of the rat. | preprodynorphin (ppd) and preproenkephalin (ppe) gene expression in a rat model of orofacial inflammation were examined in order to further characterize the neurochemical mechanisms underlying orofacial inflammation and hyperalgesia. deep and cutaneous orofacial inflammation was produced by a unilateral injection of complete freund's adjuvant (cfa) into the rat temporomandibular joint (tmj) or perioral skin (po), respectively. rna blot analysis of the tissues including the spinal trigeminal comp ... | 1999 | 10101236 |
| trance, a tumor necrosis factor family member critical for cd40 ligand-independent t helper cell activation. | cd40 ligand (cd40l), a tumor necrosis factor (tnf) family member, plays a critical role in antigen-specific t cell responses in vivo. cd40l expressed on activated cd4(+) t cells stimulates antigen-presenting cells such as dendritic cells, resulting in the upregulation of costimulatory molecules and the production of various inflammatory cytokines required for cd4(+) t cell priming in vivo. however, cd40l- or cd40-deficient mice challenged with viruses mount protective cd4(+) t cell responses tha ... | 1999 | 10190893 |
| altered ligands reveal limited plasticity in the t cell response to a pathogenic epitope. | experimental leishmaniasis offers a well characterized model of t helper type 1 cell (th1)-mediated control of infection by an intracellular organism. susceptible balb/c mice aberrantly develop th2 cells in response to infection and are unable to control parasite dissemination. the early cd4(+) t cell response in these mice is oligoclonal and reflects the expansion of vbeta4/ valpha8-bearing t cells in response to a single epitope from the parasite leishmania homologue of mammalian rack1 (lack) ... | 1999 | 10190902 |
| cpg-containing oligonucleotides are efficient adjuvants for induction of protective antiviral immune responses with t-cell peptide vaccines. | synthetic nonmethylated oligonucleotides containing cpg dinucleotides (cpg-odns) have been shown to exhibit immunostimulatory activity. cpg-odns have the capacity to directly activate b cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells, and we show here that this is reflected by cell surface binding of oligonucleotides to these cell subsets. however, t cells are not directly activated by cpg-odns, which correlates with the failure to bind to the t-cell surface. efficient competition for cpg-induced b-cell ... | 1999 | 10196308 |
| molecular cloning and expression of major structural protein vp1 of the human polyomavirus jc virus: formation of virus-like particles useful for immunological and therapeutic studies. | the major structural viral protein, vp1, of the human polyomavirus jc virus (jcv), the causative agent of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (pml), was expressed by using recombinant baculoviruses. recombinant vp1 formed virus-like particles (vlp) with the typical morphology of empty jcv capsids. purified vp1 vlp bind to svg, b, and t cells, as well as to monkey kidney cells. after binding, vp1 vlp were also internalized with high efficiency and transported to the nucleus. immunization s ... | 1999 | 10196348 |
| development of inflammatory hypersensitivity and augmentation of sodium channels in rat dorsal root ganglia. | the development of thermal allodynia in relationship to sodium channel augmentation in dorsal root ganglia (drgs) was studied in albino rats. paw withdrawal latencies were measured hourly following complete freund's adjuvant (cfa) injections. sodium channels were demonstrated with immunocytochemistry. sustained minimum latencies were attained between 10 and 12 h post-injection. sodium channel labeling began to increase at 23 h post-injection and reached maximum levels by 24 h. thermal hypersensi ... | 1999 | 10196462 |
| prevention of collagen-induced arthritis in mice by a polyphenolic fraction from green tea. | identification of common dietary substances capable of affording protection or modulating the onset and severity of arthritis may have important human health implications. an antioxidant-rich polyphenolic fraction isolated from green tea (green tea polyphenols, gtps) has been shown to possess anti-inflammatory and anticarcinogenic properties in experimental animals. in this study we determined the effect of oral consumption of gtp on collagen-induced arthritis in mice. in three independent exper ... | 1999 | 10200295 |
| adjuvant-guided type-1 and type-2 immunity: infectious/noninfectious dichotomy defines the class of response. | traditionally, protein ags have been injected in cfa (oil with inactivated mycobacteria) to induce immunity and with ifa (oil alone) to induce tolerance. we report here that injection of hen eggwhite lysozyme, a prototypic ag, in cfa-induced and ifa-induced pools of hen eggwhite lysozyme-specific memory t cells of comparable fine specificity, clonal size, and avidity spectrum, but with type-1 and type-2 cytokine signatures, respectively. this adjuvant-guided induction of virtually unipolar type- ... | 1999 | 10201913 |
| importance of cd23 for collagen-induced arthritis: delayed onset and reduced severity in cd23-deficient mice. | increased expression of the low affinity receptor for ige, fcepsilonrii/cd23 has been observed in rheumatoid arthritis. in view of this, we have investigated the expression and influence of cd23 in collagen-induced arthritis (cia), an animal model for rheumatoid arthritis. cd23+ cells were analyzed in lymph nodes of dba/1 mice immunized with bovine collagen type ii (bcii) in cfa or with cfa only. the percentage of cd23+ lymph node cells was increased in both bcii/cfa- and cfa-immunized mice at 1 ... | 1999 | 10201957 |
| administration of mab against alpha e beta 7 prevents and ameliorates immunization-induced colitis in il-2-/- mice. | we previously demonstrated that 2,4,6-trinitrophenol (tnp)-ova immunization leads to a transmural colitis in the il-2-/- mouse that is caused by il-12-driven cd4+ th1 t cells and resembles human crohn's disease. the integrin alpha e beta 7 is highly expressed on colonic intraepithelial lymphocytes and has been suggested to function as a homing or retention molecule for intraepithelial lymphocytes. to evaluate the role of alpha e beta 7 in colitis, we administered a mab against alpha e beta 7 to ... | 1999 | 10202045 |
| nucleus reticularis gigantocellularis and nucleus raphe magnus in the brain stem exert opposite effects on behavioral hyperalgesia and spinal fos protein expression after peripheral inflammation. | previous findings indicate that the brain stem descending system becomes more active in modulating spinal nociceptive processes during the development of persistent pain. the present study further identified the supraspinal sites that mediate enhanced descending modulation of behavior hyperalgesia and dorsal horn hyperexcitability (as measured by fos-like immunoreactivity) produced by subcutaneous complete freund's adjuvant (cfa). selective chemical lesions were produced in the nucleus raphe mag ... | 1999 | 10204725 |
| dual role for fas ligand in the initiation of and recovery from experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. | we have previously demonstrated a role for fas and fas ligand (fasl) in the pathogenesis of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (eae). however, using an active induction paradigm we could not distinguish between fasl expressed on activated cd4(+) t cells from that expressed on other inflammatory or resident central nervous system (cns) cells. to address this issue, we have conducted reciprocal adoptive transfer experiments of nontransgenic or myelin basic protein-specific t cell receptor tra ... | 1999 | 10209037 |
| microbial epitopes act as altered peptide ligands to prevent experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. | molecular mimicry refers to structural homologies between a self-protein and a microbial protein. a major epitope of myelin basic protein (mbp), p87-99 (vhffknivtprtp), induces experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (eae). vhffk contains the major residues for binding of this self-molecule to t cell receptor (tcr) and to the major histocompatibility complex. peptides from papilloma virus strains containing the motif vhffk induce eae. a peptide from human papilloma virus type 40 (hpv 40) conta ... | 1999 | 10209044 |
| purification and characterization of a novel protein produced by bifidobacterium longum sbt2928 that inhibits the binding of enterotoxigenic escherichia coli pb176 (cfa/ii) to gangliotetraosylceramide. | a novel protein (bif) which shows inhibitory activity on the binding of enterotoxigenic escherichia coli pb176 (etec with colonization factor antigen (cfa) ii, which consists of coli surface-associated antigens cs1 and cs3) to gangliotetraosylceramide (asialo gm1 or ga1) was isolated from the culture supernatant fluid of bifidobacterium longum sbt2928 (bl2928) at its stationary phase. the homogeneity of the final preparation of bif was demonstrated by sds-page, polyacrylamide gel electrofocusing ... | 1999 | 10212407 |
| highly immunogenic and fully synthetic peptide-carrier constructs targetting gnrh. | to use peptides as synthetic vaccines, they have to be coupled to a carrier protein to make them more immunogenic. coupling efficiency between a carrier protein and a peptide, however, is difficult to control with respect to loading density of the peptide. this makes these carrier proteins poorly suitable for practicle use. attempts have been reported to find carrier molecules or delivery systems which allow easy coupling or incorporation of peptides, reproducible loading densities and well defi ... | 1999 | 10217605 |
| tolerance induction by acylated peptides: effect on encephalitogenic t cell lines. | we reported previously that acylation of an encephalitogenic peptide of myelin basic protein (mbp68-86) by attachment of palmitoyl chloride (pal68-86) converted this peptide into a powerful tolerogen for eae in the lewis rat. in this study we show that t cell lines derived from a pal68-86-protected rat proliferated poorly to mbp68-86 in vitro, even after repeated passages in this peptide and il-2. conversely, t cell lines derived from untreated rats that were challenged with mbp68-86 or pal68-86 ... | 1999 | 10222027 |
| genetic background determines the nature of immune responses and experimental immune-mediated blepharoconjunctivitis (ec). | experimental immune-mediated blepharoconjunctivitis (ec) was induced in lewis rats by immunization with ovalbumin (ova) in complete freund's adjuvant (cfa) or aluminum hydroxide [al(oh)3]. to investigate the affect of genetic factors on the susceptibility of ec, we tested different strains of rats for the development of ec. | 1999 | 10223655 |
| beta-lactamase production and antimicrobial susceptibility of oral heterogeneous fusobacterium nucleatum populations in young children. | oral fusobacterium nucleatum populations from 20 young, healthy children were examined for beta-lactamase production. ten children (50%) harbored, altogether, 25 beta-lactamase-positive f. nucleatum isolates that were identified as f. nucleatum subsp. polymorphum, f. nucleatum subsp. nucleatum, and f. nucleatum subsp. vincentii (j. l. dzink, m. t. sheenan, and s. s. socransky, int. j. syst. bacteriol. 40:74-78, 1990). in vitro susceptibility of these beta-lactamase-producing and 26 non-beta-lact ... | 1999 | 10223950 |
| antibody response in mice immunized with a plasmid dna encoding the colonization factor antigen i of enterotoxigenic escherichia coli. | the colonization factor antigen i (cfa/i) is one of the most epidemiologically relevant enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) fimbrial adhesins, which mediates the binding to human small intestine epithelium. a recombinant eukaryotic expression plasmid, precfa, encoding the cfa/i protein fused to the glycoprotein d of herpes simplex type 1 virus, was used to generate an antibody response in a murine model following intramuscular inoculation of purified dna. eukaryotic cells (bhk-21) transfecte ... | 1999 | 10225292 |
| characterization of the escherichia coli af/r1 pilus operon: novel genes necessary for transcriptional regulation and for pilus-mediated adherence. | we isolated the genetic determinant of af/r1 pilus production in attaching/effacing escherichia coli rdec-1 and identified seven genes required for pilus expression and function. dna sequence analysis of the structural subunit gene afra corrected an error in the published sequence and extended homology with the f18 pilus subunit of pig edema e. coli strains. afrb and afrc, encoded downstream from afra, were required for pilus expression. afrb was related to the usher protein pefc of salmonella t ... | 1999 | 10225886 |
| new protective antigen of group a streptococci. | it is widely believed that the surface m protein of group a streptococci is the predominant surface protein of these organisms containing opsonic epitopes. in the present study, we identified a new surface protein, distinct from m protein, that evokes protective antibodies. a type 18 m-negative mutant was found to be both resistant to phagocytosis in human blood and virulent in mice. the wild-type strain, but not the m-negative mutant, was opsonized by antisera against purified recombinant m18 p ... | 1999 | 10225969 |
| ibudilast, a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in dark august rats. | a phosphodiesterase inhibitor (pdei), ibudilast, which has been in wide use for the management of bronchial asthma and cerebrovascular disease in japan, was tested for its clinical efficacy on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (eae) in dark august rats. the severity of acute eae was significantly ameliorated by prophylactic oral treatment with ibudilast (10 mg/kg per day) starting on the day of immunization, although it did not modify the course of the disease when it was given after the ... | 1999 | 10229113 |
| prognostic importance of antigen-presenting dendritic cells during vaccine therapy in a murine hepatitis b virus carrier. | as, the outcome of vaccine therapy was extremely heterogeneous in both human and murine hepatitis b virus (hbv)-carriers, the experiments presented here were performed to find out a prognostic marker of vaccine therapy using an animal model of hbv-carrier state, hbv-transgenic mice (tg). neither the prevaccinated titres of viral markers, such as hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag), hepatitis b e antigen (hbeag) or hbv dna, nor the function of lymphocytes prior to vaccination, had significant inf ... | 1999 | 10233683 |
| effect of the synthetic immunomodulator, linomide, on experimental models of thyroiditis. | the drug linomide is an immunomodulator showing marked down-regulation of several experimental autoimmune diseases. in this study, its effect on three different experimental models of thyroid disease and on spontaneous infiltration of salivary glands (sialoadenitis), was investigated. although very effective at preventing thyroid infiltrates in mice immunized with mouse thyroglobulin and complete freund's adjuvant and in spontaneous models of thyroiditis and sialoadenitis, it completely failed t ... | 1999 | 10233714 |
| requirements and procedures applicable to appeals before the departmental grant appeals board--department of health and human services. notice of proposed rulemaking. | the department of health and human services (hhs) proposes to delete the material currently set forth in 45 cfr part 16, and substitute new requirements and procedures applicable to disputes arising under certain hhs grants and other programs. hhs also proposes to add certain related provisions to 45 cfa part 74, which contains general requirements applicable to all hhs grants and cooperative agreements. these proposed provisions are intended to improve the department's capability to provide a f ... | 1981 | 10249533 |
| identification and characterization of a gene cluster for synthesis of the polyketide antibiotic 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol from pseudomonas fluorescens q2-87. | the polyketide metabolite 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (2,4-dapg) is produced by many strains of fluorescent pseudomonas spp. with biocontrol activity against soilborne fungal plant pathogens. genes required for 2,4-dapg synthesis by p. fluorescens q2-87 are encoded by a 6.5-kb fragment of genomic dna that can transfer production of 2,4-dapg to 2,4-dapg-nonproducing recipient pseudomonas strains. in this study the nucleotide sequence was determined for the 6.5-kb fragment and flanking regions of g ... | 1999 | 10322017 |
| decreased expression of n-methyl-d-aspartate (nmda) receptors in rat dorsal root ganglion following complete freund's adjuvant-induced inflammation: an immunocytochemical study for nmda nr1 subunit. | the changes in expression of nmda nr1, an essential functional subunit of n-methyl-d-aspartate (nmda) receptors, were examined in the rat lumbar dorsal root ganglion (drg) by immunocytochemical technique following injection of complete freund's adjuvant (cfa) into the unilateral hindpaw. the results showed that there appeared a significant and several days-lasting down-regulation in expression of nmda nr1 in the lumbar drg following cfa injection, and especially, this change mainly appeared in t ... | 1999 | 10327164 |
| regulatory th2-type t cell lines against insulin and gad peptides derived from orally- and nasally-treated nod mice suppress diabetes. | non-obese diabetic (nod) mice spontaneously develop diabetes. ourselves and others have previously shown that oral and nasal administration of insulin or glutamic acid decarboxylase (gad) suppresses development of diabetes in the nod mouse and that this suppression appears secondary to the generation of regulatory t cells that act by secreting anti-inflammatory cytokines such as il-4 and tgf-beta. in the present study, we analysed cytokine patterns associated with mucosal administration of insul ... | 1999 | 10330296 |
| inhibitory effects of fk506 on the development of experimental allergic/immune-mediated blepharoconjunctivitis in lewis rats by systemic but not by topical administration. | fk506 has been used for treatment of cell-mediated immune disorders such as graft rejection in transplantation or behçet disease. to evaluate the effectiveness of fk506 in another ocular disease model, we injected fk506 in rats with experimental allergic/immune-mediated blepharo conjunctivitis (eac) the induction mechanism of which depends on cell-mediated immunity. | 1999 | 10333108 |
| passive immunity against human pathogens using bovine antibodies. | | 1999 | 10337007 |
| protection against development of otitis media induced by nontypeable haemophilus influenzae by both active and passive immunization in a chinchilla model of virus-bacterium superinfection. | three separate studies, two involving active-immunization regimens and one involving a passive-transfer protocol, were conducted to initially screen and ultimately more fully assess several nontypeable haemophilus influenzae outer membrane proteins or their derivatives for their relative protective efficacy in chinchilla models of otitis media. initial screening of these antigens (p5-fimbrin, lipoprotein d, and p6), delivered singly or in combination with either freund's adjuvant or alum, indica ... | 1999 | 10338477 |
| ovalbumin (ova) and mycobacterium tuberculosis bacilli cooperatively polarize anti-ova t-helper (th) cells toward a th1-dominant phenotype and ameliorate murine tracheal eosinophilia. | a recent increase in allergic disorders has coincided with a decrease in infections, including tuberculosis. although an inverse association between tuberculin responses and atopic disorders was reported, it was not known how t-helper (th)1-biased immune responses to mycobacterium tuberculosis influenced th2-dominant responses to allergens. we examined whether m. tuberculosis could modulate ovalbumin (ova)-induced eosinophilic inflammation in the murine trachea in a manner that transcended the b ... | 1999 | 10340945 |
| new vaccine strategies against enterotoxigenic escherichia coli. i: dna vaccines against the cfa/i fimbrial adhesin. | stimulation of the mammalian immune system by administration of plasmid dna has been shown to be an important approach for vaccine development against several pathogens. in the present study we investigated the use of dna vaccines to induce immune responses against an enteric bacterial pathogen, enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec). three plasmid vectors encoding colonization factor antigen 1 (cfa/i), an etec fimbrial adhesin, were constructed. eukaryotic cells transfected with each of these ... | 1999 | 10347758 |
| new vaccine strategies against enterotoxigenic escherichia coli. ii: enhanced systemic and secreted antibody responses against the cfa/i fimbriae by priming with dna and boosting with a live recombinant salmonella vaccine. | the induction of systemic (igg) and mucosal (iga) antibody responses against the colonization factor i antigen (cfa/i) of enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) was evaluated in mice primed with an intramuscularly delivered cfa/i-encoding dna vaccine followed by two oral immunizations with a live recombinant salmonella typhimurium vaccine strain expressing the etec antigen. the booster effect induced by the oral immunization was detected two weeks and one year after the administration of the dn ... | 1999 | 10347761 |
| pseudomonas syringae phytotoxins: mode of action, regulation, and biosynthesis by peptide and polyketide synthetases. | coronatine, syringomycin, syringopeptin, tabtoxin, and phaseolotoxin are the most intensively studied phytotoxins of pseudomonas syringae, and each contributes significantly to bacterial virulence in plants. coronatine functions partly as a mimic of methyl jasmonate, a hormone synthesized by plants undergoing biological stress. syringomycin and syringopeptin form pores in plasma membranes, a process that leads to electrolyte leakage. tabtoxin and phaseolotoxin are strongly antimicrobial and func ... | 1999 | 10357851 |
| acquisition of selectin binding and peripheral homing properties by cd4(+) and cd8(+) t cells. | different t cell subsets exhibit distinct capacities to migrate into peripheral sites of inflammation, and this may in part reflect differential expression of homing receptors and chemokine receptors. using an adoptive transfer approach, we examined the ability of functionally distinct subsets of t cells to home to a peripheral inflammatory site. the data directly demonstrate the inability of naive t cells and the ability of effector cells to home to inflamed peritoneum. furthermore, interleukin ... | 1999 | 10359580 |
| intensive tandem cryofiltration apheresis and hemodialysis to treat a patient with severe calciphylaxis, cryoglobulinemia, and end-stage renal disease. | this is the first report on tandem cryofiltration apheresis (cfa) and hemodialysis (hd). a 44 year old white man with type ii mixed cryoglobulinemia, hepatitis c virus (hcv), severe skin lesions, and end-stage renal disease (esrd) on maintenance hemodialysis was air-transferred for cfa, which is only available at our medical center. the patient failed to respond to high dose steroids, immunosuppression, intravenous immunoglobulin (ivig), and plasma exchange for the treatment of his cryoglobuline ... | 1999 | 10360729 |
| detection of changes in lung tissue properties with multiple-indicator dilution. | we evaluated the potential utility of a group of indicators, each of which targets a particular tissue property, as indicators in the multiple-indicator dilution method to detect and to identify abnormalities in lung tissue properties resulting from lung injury models. we measured the pulmonary venous outflow concentration vs. time curves of [14c]diazepam, 3hoh, [14c]phenylethylamine, and a vascular reference indicator following their bolus injection into the pulmonary artery of isolated perfuse ... | 1999 | 10368351 |
| peripheral inflammation is associated with decreased veratridine-induced release of gaba in the rat ventrocaudal periaqueductal gray: microdialysis study. | systemic administration of opiates or direct injection of opioid peptides into the periaqueductal gray (pag) produces a profound antinociception which is thought to be associated with inhibition of neuronal activity in the pag. this inhibitory effect has been postulated to result from opiate inhibition of gabaergic neurons in the pag. whether this opioid-gabaergic system is affected in acute pain state has not been investigated. the present study was thus designed to determine the effects of uni ... | 1999 | 10371070 |
| correlation between mri and clinico-pathological manifestations in lewis rats protected from experimental allergic encephalomyelitis by acylated synthetic peptide of myelin basic protein. | experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (eae) is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system which constitutes an accepted animal model for multiple sclerosis (ms). the disease can take an acute or chronic form depending on the injection route, animal strain and nature of the disease-inducing antigen administered. the neuroinflammation associated with the acute form can be detected with t2-weighted, t1-weighted and diffusion mri, and blood-brain barrier changes can be investigated with g ... | 1999 | 10372527 |
| peripheral injections of freund's adjuvant in mice provoke leakage of serum proteins through the blood-brain barrier without inducing reactive gliosis. | breakdown of the blood-brain barrier (bbb) and ensuing gliosis are common events following physical trauma to the central nervous system (cns) or during autoimmune diseases such as experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (eae). some studies of eae in rodents report that peripheral injections of complete freund's adjuvant (cfa), which contains heat-inactivated mycobacterium to provoke peripheral inflammation without adversely affecting the cns, can itself lead to increased bbb permeability to sma ... | 1999 | 10375654 |
| the involvement of il-12 in murine experimentally induced autoimmune thyroid disease. | experimental autoimmune thyroid disease (eat) can be induced experimentally in mice following immunization with mouse thyroglobulin (mtg) and the adjuvants lipopolysaccharide (lps) or complete freund's adjuvant (cfa). eat can also be transferred to naive recipients by cd4+ t cells from mtg-primed mice. here we demonstrate a role for il-12 in the development of eat by the ability of neutralizing antibody to il-12 to reduce disease severity and by the lack of significant levels of thyroid infiltra ... | 1999 | 10382756 |
| myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein induces experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in the "resistant" brown norway rat: disease susceptibility is determined by mhc and mhc-linked effects on the b cell response. | experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (eae) induced by active immunization with the myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (mog) is an ab-mediated, t cell-dependent autoimmune disease that replicates the inflammatory demyelinating pathology of multiple sclerosis. we report that disease susceptibility and severity are determined by mhc and mhc-linked effects on the mog-specific b cell response that mediate severe clinical eae in the eae-resistant brown norway (bn) rat. immunization with the extr ... | 1999 | 10384097 |
| breakdown of tolerance to pyruvate dehydrogenase complex in experimental autoimmune cholangitis: a mouse model of primary biliary cirrhosis. | the autoimmune liver disease primary biliary cirrhosis (pbc) is characterized by autoreactive responses to a highly conserved self-antigen, pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (pdc). we recently reported the development of pbc-like lesions in sjl mice sensitized with pdc and have named this model disease experimental autoimmune cholangitis (eac). in the present study, the breakdown of tolerance to pdc has been investigated in animals sensitized for eac. splenic mononuclear cells from sjl mice sensiti ... | 1999 | 10385640 |
| changes in membrane fatty acid composition of pediococcus sp. strain nrrl b-2354 in response to growth conditions and its effect on thermal resistance. | membrane fatty acid composition and thermal resistance (d value) of pediococcus sp. were determined for mid-exponential-phase (me) and stationary-phase (st) cells grown in tryptic soy broth (tsb) and tryptone-glucose-yeast extract (tgy) at 28 and 37 degrees c. as the cells entered the stationary phase of growth, the unsaturated fatty acid, c18:1 n11c, produced during the exponential phase of growth was converted to its cyclic form, c19:0 delta9c. this shift in membrane fatty acid composition was ... | 1999 | 10388676 |
| t cell-mediated and non-specific inflammatory mechanisms contribute to the skin pathology of hpv 16 e6e7 transgenic mice. | one of three lines of mice transgenic for the e6 and e7 genes of human papillomavirus type 16 (hpv16) expressed from an alphaa-crystallin promoter also expresses the transgene ectopically in the skin. this line, designated alphaace6e7#19, develops skin disease from 3 months of age, characterised by epidermal hyperplasia and eventual skin loss. administration of complete freund's adjuvant (cfa) to alphaace6e7#19 mice, but not to non-transgenic littermate controls, induced local epidermal hyperpla ... | 1999 | 10393503 |
| active participation of ccr5(+)cd8(+) t lymphocytes in the pathogenesis of liver injury in graft-versus-host disease. | we examined the molecular pathogenesis of graft-versus-host disease-associated (gvhd-associated) liver injury in mice, focusing on the role of chemokines. at the second week after cell transfer in the parent-into-f1 model of gvhd, cd8(+) t cells -- especially donor-derived cd8(+) t cells -- infiltrated the liver, causing both portal hepatitis and nonsuppurative destructive cholangitis (nsdc). these migrating cells expressed ccr5. moreover, macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha (mip-1alpha), one ... | 1999 | 10393698 |
| a comparison of the potential role of the tetrodotoxin-insensitive sodium channels, pn3/sns and nan/sns2, in rat models of chronic pain. | alterations in sodium channel expression and function have been suggested as a key molecular event underlying the abnormal processing of pain after peripheral nerve or tissue injury. although the relative contribution of individual sodium channel subtypes to this process is unclear, the biophysical properties of the tetrodotoxin-resistant current, mediated, at least in part, by the sodium channel pn3 (sns), suggests that it may play a specialized, pathophysiological role in the sustained, repeti ... | 1999 | 10393873 |
| the genetic mediation of individual differences in sensitivity to pain and its inhibition. | the underlying bases of the considerable interindividual variability in pain-related traits are starting to be revealed. although the relative importance of genes versus experience in human pain perception remains unclear, rodent populations display large and heritable differences in both nociceptive and analgesic sensitivity. the identification and characterization of particularly divergent populations provides a powerful initial step in the genetic analysis of pain, because these models can be ... | 1999 | 10393892 |
| t-cell receptor vbeta deletion and valpha polymorphism are responsible for the resistance of swr mouse to arthritis induction. | collagen type ii-induced arthritis (cia) develops in susceptible mouse strains after intradermal injections of type ii collagen (cii) in complete freund's adjuvant (cfa). susceptibility to cia in mice is linked to genes of the major histocompatibility complex (mhc). although the swr mouse has a susceptible mhc haplotype (h2q), it is resistant to cia. swr exhibits at least two known immunological defects: (1) it contains a germline deletion of about 50% of t-cell receptor (tcr) vbeta-chain gene s ... | 1999 | 10398803 |
| the yersinia enterocolitica pyv virulence plasmid contains multiple intrinsic dna bends which melt at 37 degrees c. | temperature has a pleiotropic effect on yersinia enterocolitica gene expression. temperature-dependent phenotypes include the switching between two type iii protein secretion systems, flagellum biosynthesis (</=30 degrees c) and virulence plasmid-encoded yop secretion (37 degrees c). the mechanism by which temperature exerts this change in genetic programming is unclear; however, altered gene expression by temperature-dependent changes in dna topology has been implicated. here, we present eviden ... | 1999 | 10400576 |
| recurrent bacteremia caused by a "flexispira"-like organism in a patient with x-linked (bruton's) agammaglobulinemia. | helicobacter spp., except for helicobacter cinaedi, have only rarely been reported in cases of septicemia. a patient with x-linked (bruton's) agammaglobulinemia was found to have persistent sepsis with a helicobacter-like organism despite multiple courses of antibiotics. his periods of sepsis were associated with leg swelling thought to be consistent with cellulitis. the organism was fastidious and required a microaerophilic environment containing h(2) for growth. optimal growth was observed at ... | 1999 | 10405381 |
| different stimulating effects of complement c3b and complete freund's adjuvant on antibody response. | upon activation, complement c3 undergoes a conformational change and acquires the capacity to covalently bind to other proteins such as antigen and to interact with specific receptors; therefore, c3 is involved in cell mediated immune response. the adjuvant effect produced by linking c3-fragments to antigen has recently been described. we injected c3b-ag complexes consisting of one molecule of c3b ester linked to one molecule of hel to immunised mice, and we compared the c3b adjuvant activity wi ... | 1999 | 10408375 |
| membrane cyclopropane fatty acid content is a major factor in acid resistance of escherichia coli. | cyclopropane fatty acid (cfa) formation is a post-synthetic modification of the lipid bilayer that occurs as cultures of escherichia coli and many other bacteria enter stationary phase. we report the first distinct phenotype for this membrane modification; early stationary phase cultures of strains lacking cfa (as a result of a null mutation in the cfa gene) are abnormally sensitive to killing by a rapid shift from neutral ph to ph 3. this sensitivity to acid shock is dependent on cfa itself bec ... | 1999 | 10411742 |
| suppression of induction of experimental immune mediated blepharoconjunctivitis by tolerogenic conjugates of the antigen and monomethoxypolyethylene glycol. | covalent conjugates consisting of diverse antigens coupled to optimal numbers of monomethoxypolyethylene glycol (mpeg) molecules have been shown to suppress antigen specific antibody formation. in this study, the possibility was examined that the same conjugates might prevent experimental immune mediated blepharoconjunctivitis (ec, formerly eac) which had been shown to be caused by cd4(+) t cells-that is, to cell mediated immunity. | 1999 | 10413705 |
| nickel allergy in mice: enhanced sensitization capacity of nickel at higher oxidation states. | attempts to induce contact hypersensitivity to nickel in mice using, e.g., ni(ii)cl2 often failed. here, we report that sensitization was achieved by injecting ni(ii)cl2 in combination with either cfa or an irritant, such as sds and pma, or il-12, or by administering nickel at higher oxidation states, i.e., ni(iii) and ni(iv). although ni(ii), given alone, was ineffective in t cell priming, it sufficed for eliciting recall responses in vivo and in vitro, suggesting that ni(ii) is able to provide ... | 1999 | 10415008 |
| characterization of an enterotoxigenic escherichia coli strain from africa expressing a putative colonization factor. | an enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) strain of serotype o114:h- that expressed both heat-labile and heat-stable enterotoxins and tested negative for colonization factors (cf) was isolated from a child with diarrhea in egypt. this strain, ws0115a, induced hemagglutination of bovine erythrocytes and adhered to the enterocyte-like cell line caco-2, suggesting that it may elaborate novel fimbriae. surface-expressed antigen purified by differential ammonium sulfate precipitation and column chro ... | 1999 | 10417169 |
| identification of a glycoprotein produced by enterotoxigenic escherichia coli. | enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) strain h10407 is capable of invading epithelial cell lines derived from the human ileocecum and colon in vitro. two separate chromosomally encoded invasion loci (tia and tib) have been cloned from this strain. these loci direct nonadherent and noninvasive laboratory strains of e. coli to adhere to and invade cultured human intestinal epithelial cells. the tib locus directs the synthesis of tiba, a 104-kda outer membrane protein that is directly correlated ... | 1999 | 10417177 |
| the role of mhc class ii molecules in susceptibility to type i diabetes: identification of peptide epitopes and characterization of the t cell repertoire. | susceptibility to type i diabetes is linked to class ii mhc alleles in both mouse and man. however, the molecular mechanisms by which mhc molecules mediate disease susceptibility are unknown. to analyze how i-a alleles predispose to, or prevent, the development of type i diabetes, we have chosen, as the first step, to investigate the immune response to an important islet cell protein in diabetes-susceptible and diabetes-resistant mice. mhc class ii alleles conferring susceptibility and resistanc ... | 1999 | 10430937 |
| neurotrophins: peripherally and centrally acting modulators of tactile stimulus-induced inflammatory pain hypersensitivity. | brain-derived neurotrophic factor (bdnf) is expressed in nociceptive sensory neurons and transported anterogradely to the dorsal horn of the spinal cord where it is located in dense core vesicles in c-fiber terminals. peripheral inflammation substantially up-regulates bdnf mrna and protein in the dorsal root ganglion (drg) in a nerve growth factor-dependent fashion and results in novel expression of bdnf by drg neurons with myelinated axons. c-fiber electrical activity also increases bdnf expres ... | 1999 | 10430952 |
| antibodies to a microbial peptide sharing sequence homology with betaa3-crystallin damage lens epithelial cells in vitro and in vivo. | circulating auto-antibodies (abs) against lens antigens (ags) are highly prevalent in patients with cataract, but their origin and pathogenic significance are unknown. we hypothesized that abs raised after exposure to infectious microbes could cross-react with lens ags. to test this hypothesis, we generated a monoclonal ab to human betaa3-crystallin. epitope analysis indicated that the etqae sequence in the n-terminus region of betaa3-crystallin was critical for mounting a humoral response. simi ... | 1999 | 10433087 |
| effect of retreatment with interferon alone or interferon plus ribavirin on hepatitis c virus quasispecies diversification in nonresponder patients with chronic hepatitis c. | alpha interferon (ifn-alpha) treatment is effective on a long-term basis in only 15 to 25% of patients with chronic hepatitis c. the results of recent trials indicate that response rates can be significantly increased when ifn-alpha is given in combination with ribavirin. however, a large number of patients do not respond even to combination therapy. nonresponsiveness to ifn is characterized by evolution of the hepatitis c virus (hcv) quasispecies. little is known about the changes occurring wit ... | 1999 | 10438811 |
| the cytotoxic t-cell response to herpes simplex virus type 1 infection of c57bl/6 mice is almost entirely directed against a single immunodominant determinant. | many virus infections give rise to surprisingly limited t-cell responses directed to very few immunodominant determinants. we have been examining the cytotoxic t-lymphocyte (ctl) response to herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) infection. previous studies have identified the glycoprotein b-derived peptide from residues 498 to 505 (gb(498-505)) as one of at least three determinants recognized by hsv-1-specific ctls isolated from c57bl/6 mice. we had previously found that in vitro-derived ctls dire ... | 1999 | 10438852 |
| identification of lnga, the structural gene of longus type iv pilus of enterotoxigenic escherichia coli. | human enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) produces a type iv pilus termed longus which is encoded on large plasmids in association with colonization factor antigens (cfas) and enterotoxins. a plasmid-derived 7 kbp bamhi dna fragment hybridizing with an oligonucleotide probe designed from the amino-terminal amino acid sequence of the denatured 22 kda structural longus pilin subunit was subcloned and sequenced. dna sequencing analysis revealed an open reading frame, designated lnga, whose pred ... | 1999 | 10439420 |
| prevention of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by mip-1alpha and mcp-1 naked dna vaccines. | experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (eae) is a t cell-mediated autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (cns). rt-pcr verified by southern blotting and sequencing of pcr products of two c-c chemokines, mip-1alpha and mcp-1, was performed on brain samples from eae rats to evaluate mrna transcription of these chemokines at different stages of disease. mrna transcription in of each chemokine peaked after the onset of disease and declined during its remission. each pcr product was then ... | 1999 | 10441164 |
| persistent fos protein expression after orofacial deep or cutaneous tissue inflammation in rats: implications for persistent orofacial pain. | this study was designed to systematically examine the effects of persistent orofacial tissue injury on prolonged neuronal activation in the trigeminal nociceptive pathways by directly comparing the effects of orofacial deep vs. cutaneous tissue inflammation on brainstem fos protein expression, a marker of neuronal activation. complete freund's adjuvant (cfa) was injected unilaterally into the rat temporomandibular joint (tmj) or perioral (po) skin to produce inflammation in deep or cutaneous tis ... | 1999 | 10441756 |
| b-cell responses to a peptide epitope: mutations in heavy chain alone lead to maturation of antibody responses. | in the present study, the genetic mechanisms responsible for generation of antibodies recognizing the dominant epitope within a synthetic peptide ps1ct3 were examined. ps1ct3 is a peptide model antigen containing residues 28-42 of the large protein of the surface antigen of hepatitis b virus as b epitope (designated ps1), and the known t-helper-cell epitope derived from the circumsporozoite protein of the malaria parasite plasmodium falciparum (designated ct3). to characterize the repertoire gen ... | 1999 | 10447708 |
| inhibition of t-cell responsiveness by nasal peptide administration: influence of the thymus and differential recovery of t-cell-dependent functions. | we have previously demonstrated that intranasal (i.n.) administration of the major encephalitogenic peptide, ac1-9 of myelin basic protein (mbp), inhibited t-cell responsiveness in vitro and induced tolerance in the h-2u mouse model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (eae). the peptide analogue ac1-9[4y] with high-affinity binding to the i-au major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class ii molecule was the most effective tolerogen. here, we show that mice pretreated with 4y i.n. and pr ... | 1999 | 10447740 |
| intravenous tolerization with type ii collagen induces interleukin-4-and interleukin-10-producing cd4+ t cells. | intravenous (i.v.) administration of type ii collagen (cii) is an effective way to induce tolerance and suppress disease in the collagen-induced arthritis (cia) model. in this study, we demonstrated that a single i.v. dose of cii (as low as 0.1 mg/mouse) completely prevented the development of cia. this suppression was accompanied by decreases in levels of antibody specific for the immunogen, bovine cii and autoantigen, mouse cii. splenocytes obtained from cii-tolerized mice and stimulated with ... | 1999 | 10447769 |
| anti-cd44 treatment does not prevent the extravasation of autopathogenic t cells to the thyroid in experimental autoimmune thyroiditis. | the hyaluronic acid binding glycoprotein cd44 is expressed on a wide variety of cells, and by mediating interactions between cells and extracellular matrices promotes the movement of cells from the circulation into organs. recent reports have described the effects of an antibody specific for cd44 (im7) that has beneficial effects in two murine models of autoimmune disease. both experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (eae) and collagen-induced arthritis were ameliorated by treatment with im7, wh ... | 1999 | 10447778 |
| prospective cohort study of enterotoxigenic escherichia coli infections in argentinean children. | in a follow-up study, enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) infections in 145 children from two communities located in northeastern argentina were monitored for 2 years. the occurrence of diarrhea was monitored by weekly household visits. of 730 fecal specimens collected, 137 (19%) corresponded to diarrheal episodes. etec was isolated from a significantly higher proportion of symptomatic (18.3%) than asymptomatic (13.3%) children (p = 0.04541). individuals of up to 24 months of age were found ... | 1999 | 10449460 |
| phenotypic diversity of enterotoxigenic escherichia coli strains from a community-based study of pediatric diarrhea in periurban egypt. | no past studies of diarrhea in children of the middle east have examined in detail the phenotypes of enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) strains, which are important pathogens in this setting. during a prospective study conducted from november 1993 to september 1995 with 242 children under 3 years of age with diarrhea living near alexandria, egypt, 125 episodes of diarrhea were positive for etec. etec strains were available for 98 of these episodes, from which 100 etec strains were selected ... | 1999 | 10449484 |
| host responses to recombinant hemagglutinin b of porphyromonas gingivalis in an experimental rat model. | porphyromonas gingivalis, a gram-negative, black-pigmented anaerobe, is among the microorganisms implicated in the etiology of adult periodontal disease. this bacterium possesses a number of factors, including hemagglutinins, of potential importance in virulence. several hemagglutinin genes have been identified, cloned, and expressed in escherichia coli. the purpose of this study was to characterize host responses to purified recombinant hemagglutinin b (rhag b), using the conventional fischer r ... | 1999 | 10456874 |
| intranasal administration of synthetic recombinant peptide-based vaccine protects mice from infection by schistosoma mansoni. | schistosomiasis is the cause of a chronic debilitating disease which accounts for significant mortality and morbidity every year, especially in tropical and subtropical areas. an epitope derived from the protective surface protein 9b-ag of schistosoma mansoni, designated 9b peptide-1, was previously showed to be protective in mice when conjugated to bovine serum albumin and administered subcutaneously in complete freund's adjuvant. in this work, this protective peptide was expressed in the flage ... | 1999 | 10456875 |
| identification, cloning, and expression of the camp factor gene (cfa) of group a streptococci. | the camp reaction is a synergistic lysis of erythrocytes by the interaction of an extracellular protein (camp factor) produced by some streptococcal species with the staphylococcus aureus sphingomyelinase c (beta-toxin). group a streptococci (gas [streptococcus pyogenes]) have been long considered camp negative, and this reaction commonly has been used to distinguish gas from streptococcus agalactiae. we here provide evidence that gas possess this gene and produce an extracellular camp factor ca ... | 1999 | 10456923 |
| b- and t-cell immune responses to pneumococcal conjugate vaccines: divergence between carrier- and polysaccharide-specific immunogenicity. | conjugation of various serotypes of pneumococcal polysaccharide (pnps) to carrier protein enhances the magnitude of the polysaccharide-specific antibody response, presumably by eliciting t-cell help. however, variability in pnps serotype-specific immunogenicity has been observed. cba/j mice immunized with either 6b or 19f pnps conjugated to the protein carrier cross reactive material(197) (crm(197)) produce a strong anti-pnps antibody response; however, when mice are immunized with 23f pnps conj ... | 1999 | 10456942 |
| spinal substance p receptor expression and internalization in acute, short-term, and long-term inflammatory pain states. | inflammatory pain involves the sensitization of both primary afferent and spinal cord neurons. to explore the neurochemical changes that contribute to inflammatory pain, we have examined the expression and ligand-induced internalization of the substance p receptor (spr) in the spinal cord in acute, short-term, and long-term inflammatory pain states. these inflammatory models included unilateral injection of formalin (8-60 min), carrageenan (3 hr), and complete freund's adjuvant (cfa; 3 d) into t ... | 1999 | 10460273 |
| amino acid-dna contacts by rhas: an arac family transcription activator. | rhas, an arac family protein, activates rhabad transcription by binding to rhai, a site consisting of two 17-bp inverted repeat half-sites. in this work, amino acids in rhas that make base-specific contacts with rhai were identified. sequence similarity with arac suggested that the first contacting motif of rhas was a helix-turn-helix. assays of rhab-lacz activation by alanine mutants within this potential motif indicated that residues 201, 202, 205, and 206 might contact rhai. the second motif ... | 1999 | 10464186 |
| accuracy of repeated blood sampling in rats: a new technique applied in pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic studies of the interaction between warfarin and co-enzyme q10. | in the past, combined pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (pk/pd) modeling studies of oral anticoagulants in rats have been hampered by the technical problems of blood sampling. in the present study, a semi-micromethod of preparing serial plasma samples for accurate assessment of the prothrombin times (pt) and clotting factor vii activity (cfa) in rats is proposed. the method consists of orbital bleeding, blood sample weighing, gravity calculation and buffer volume adjustment. no significant differe ... | 1998 | 10465153 |