| estimates of the seroprevalence of production-limiting diseases in wild pigs. | | 2011 | 21610003 |
| immune responses in piglets infected with highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) infection compromises the host's innate and adaptive immunity. the aim of this study was to investigate the immune responses of piglets infected with highly pathogenic (hp) prrsv (hun4 strain) with or without the immunization with ch-1r attenuated prrsv vaccine. the response was evaluated for the clinical signs, pathological changes and virus load in immune organs, antibody responses and levels of serum ifn-γ, il-4 and il-10. the result ... | 2011 | 21612828 |
| identification of cd8+ cytotoxic t lymphocyte epitopes from porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus matrix protein in balb/c mice. | abstract: twenty-seven nanopeptides derived from the matrix (m) protein of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) were screened for their ability to elicit a recall interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) response from the splenocytes of balb/c mice following dna vaccination and a booster vaccination with recombinant vaccinia virus rwr-prrsv-m. we identified two peptides (amino acid residues k93fitsrcrl and f57gymtfvhf) as cd8+ cytotoxic t lymphocyte (ctl) epitopes. these peptides elic ... | 2011 | 21619712 |
| mannan oligosaccharide modulates gene expression profile in pigs experimentally infected with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. | this study characterized gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (balf) cells from control- or mannan oligosaccharide (mos)-fed pigs with or without porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) at d 7 postinfection (pi). weaned pigs (3-wk-old) fed 0% or 0.2% mos (bio-mos) diets were intranasally inoculated with prrsv or a sterile medium at 5 wk of age. total rna (3 pigs/treatment) was extracted from cells. double-stranded cdna ... | 2011 | 21622880 |
| kinetics of uv(254) inactivation of selected viral pathogens in a static system. | aims: the objective of this study was to estimate uv(254) inactivation constants for four viral pathogens: influenza virus type a, porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus (prrsv), bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) and reovirus. methods and results: viruses in culture medium were exposed to one of nine doses of uv(254) and then titrated for infectious virus. analysis showed that viral inactivation by uv(254) was more accurately described by a two-stage inactivation model vs a stan ... | 2011 | 21624016 |
| porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) influences infection dynamics of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) subtypes pcv2a and pcv2b by prolonging pcv2 viremia and shedding. | the objective of this study was to determine the effect of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) infection on porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) subtypes a (pcv2a) or b (pcv2b) viremia and shedding characteristics in oral, nasal and fecal samples in experimentally infected pigs. twenty-three, 2- to 6-week-old pigs were randomly divided into five groups: negative control (n=3), pcv2a-i (n=5), pcv2a-prrsv-coi (n=5), pcv2b-i (n=5), and pcv2b-prrsv-coi (n=5). blood, oral, nasal a ... | 2011 | 21641124 |
| the three-way relationship of polymorphisms of porcine genes encoding terminal complement components, their differential expression, and health-related phenotypes. | the complement system is an evolutionary ancient mechanism that plays an essential role in innate immunity and contributes to the acquired immune response. three modes of activation, known as classical, alternative and lectin pathway, lead to the initiation of a common terminal lytic pathway. the terminal complement components (tccs: c6, c7, c8a, c8b, and c9) are encoded by the genes c6, c7, c8a, c8b, c8g, and c9. we aimed at experimentally testing the porcine genes encoding tccs as candidate ge ... | 2011 | 21645298 |
| probing genetic control of swine responses to prrsv infection: current progress of the prrs host genetics consortium. | understanding the role of host genetics in resistance to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) infection, and the effects of prrs on pig health and related growth, are goals of the prrs host genetics consortium (phgc). | 2011 | 21645311 |
| porcine type i interferons: polymorphic sequences and activity against prrsv. | type i interferons (ifn) are a heterogeneous group of cytokines central to innate and adaptive antiviral immune responses. we have recently reported that porcine type i ifns comprise at least 39 functional genes with diverse antiviral activity against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv). here we report that potential cytokine polymorphisms exist in several genes of porcine type i ifns. | 2011 | 21645323 |
| cdna cloning, genomic structure and mrna expression pattern of porcine type i interferons receptor 2 gene. | type i interferons (ifn) are important mediators of the host defence against viruses through binding to the cell surface receptors, among which the binding to type i ifn receptor 2 (ifnar2) is the very first step initiating a complex signal transduction cascade. by using rt-pcr and 5' race approaches, we obtained porcine ifnar2 cdna, the nucleotide identity of its coding region is 57.53%, 67.45%, 74.07% and 74.63% to those of mouse, human, sheep and cattle, respectively; and the deduced protein ... | 2011 | 21649860 |
| a live-attenuated chimeric porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) vaccine is transmitted to contact pigs but is not upregulated by concurrent infection with porcine parvovirus (ppv) and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) and is efficacious in a pcv2b-prrsv-ppv challenge model. | the live chimeric porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) vaccine with the capsid gene of the emerging subtype 2b cloned in the genomic backbone of the nonpathogenic pcv1 is attenuated in vivo and induces protective immunity against pcv2. to further determine the safety and efficacy of this experimental vaccine, we tested for evidence of pig-to-pig transmission by commingling nonvaccinated and vaccinated pigs, determined potential upregulation by simultaneous vaccination and infection with porcine parv ... | 2011 | 21653745 |
| development and preliminary application of an immunochromatographic strip for rapid detection of infection with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in swine. | a "strip test" to detect porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) was established using a monoclonal antibody (mab) 2d7 conjugated with colloidal gold. two mabs binding to protein n at different epitopes, 2d7 and 1g7 were obtained. in the test, samples of prrsv bound to colloidal gold-conjugated mab 2d7. the complex was then captured by mab 1g7 at the test line (t) on the nitrocellulose membrane, presenting a purple band. if the sample did not contain prrsv or if the quantity ... | 2011 | 21663767 |
| effects of the polymorphisms of mx1, bat2 and cxcl12 genes on immunological traits in pigs. | it is necessary that genetic markers or biomarkers can be used to predict resistance towards a wide range of infectious diseases. in the present study, we estimated the potential markers and measured their relationship with heritabilities of a wide range of immune traits. polymorphisms in exon 13 of mx1, intron 25 of bat2 and intron 3 of cxcl12 were identified by sequencing, and the genotypes were analyzed by pcr-rflp in a resource population composed of 352 pure breed landrace piglets at days 0 ... | 2011 | 21667240 |
| inhibition of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus replication by rna interference in marc-145 cells. | with the ultimate aim of producing an rna interference-mediated transgenic pig that is resistant to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv), we have investigated the effect of rna interference (rnai) on silencing the expression of viral genes in the marc-145 cell line. twenty small interfering rnas (sirnas) were designed and screened for their ability to suppress the expression of the genes orf1b, 5, 6, and 7 from the highly virulent isolate, prrsv-jxwn06. of these sirnas, th ... | 2011 | 21667252 |
| porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus isolates differ in their susceptibility to neutralization. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) is highly heterogenic. this heterogeneity has an effect on antigenic composition of prrsv and might create differences in sensitivity to neutralization between isolates. the sensitivity to neutralization could be an important feature of prrsv isolates because it is likely that isolates resistant to neutralization pose a significant challenge for the development of vaccines that elicit broad protective immunity. nonetheless, little infor ... | 2011 | 21807060 |
| coronavirus nsp6 proteins generate autophagosomes from the endoplasmic reticulum via an omegasome intermediate. | autophagy is a cellular response to starvation which generates autophagosomes to carry cellular organelles and long-lived proteins to lysosomes for degradation. degradation through autophagy can provide an innate defence against virus infection, or conversely autophagosomes can promote infection by facilitating assembly of replicase proteins. we demonstrate that the avian coronavirus, infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) activates autophagy. a screen of individual ibv non-structural proteins (nsps) ... | 2011 | 21799305 |
| association of two porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) receptor genes, cd163 and sn with immune traits. | cd163 and sialoadhesin (sn) were reported as two essential receptors for the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. to investigate the relationship between these two genes and porcine immunity, we assigned porcine cd163 and sn respectively to ssc5q21-q24 and ssc17q23 by imprh. expression profiles revealed that cd163 and sn were ubiquitously expressed in ten tissues, and were expressed highly in lymph gland, spleen and liver, which implied the potential functions of cd163 and sn in ... | 2011 | 21786159 |
| epidemiology and evolutionary characteristics of the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in china between 2006 and 2010. | in 2006, an emerging highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv), which causes continuous high fever and a high proportion of deaths in vaccinated pigs of all ages, broke out in mainland china and spread rapidly to neighboring countries. to examine the epidemiology and evolutionary characteristics of chinese prrsv after the 2006 outbreak, we tested 2981 clinical samples collected from 2006 to 2010 in china, determined 153 nsp2 sequences and 249 orf5 sequences, a ... | 2011 | 21775536 |
| epidemiologic and phylogenetic characteristics of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome viruses in conventional swine farms of jeju island as a candidate region for prrsv eradication. | jeju island is the biggest island in korea. the imports of pigs or their relatives from mainland korea to this island has been banned since 1998. with this unique geographical and epidemiological context, epidemiology of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) was investigated on the island. while all investigated farms showed 100% of seropositive rate for prrsv, pigs on 37.2% (16/43) of the farms had viremia with type ii prrsv. the seropositive and viremia-positive rates for ... | 2011 | 21771286 |
| establishment of a dna-launched infectious clone for a highly pneumovirulent strain of type 2 porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus: identification and in vitro and in vivo characterization of a large spontaneous deletion in the nsp2 region. | a highly pneumovirulent strain of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv), atcc vr2385, was isolated from a pig exhibiting typical prrs in the early 90s. while passaging the virus in monkey kidney cells, we identified a large spontaneous deletion of a 435-bp in the nsp2 gene. to assess the biological significance of this spontaneous deletion, we first determined the full-length genomic sequence of this virus and established a dna-launched infectious clone of the passage 14 vi ... | 2011 | 21763365 |
| porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome in hybrid wild boars, china. | we conducted a serologic investigation of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) in hybrid wild boar herds in china during 2008-2009. prrsv isolates with novel genetic markers were recovered. experimental infection of pigs indicated that hybrid wild boars are involved in the epidemiology of prrsv. | 2011 | 21749773 |
| microbiological identification and analysis of swine tonsils collected from carcasses at slaughter. | the primary objective of this 7-month study was to determine the prevalence of porcine pathogens of the tonsil of the soft palate of swine at slaughter. additional objectives were to determine if sampling the carcasses of normal or abnormal hogs provided different microbiological profiles and if the slaughter plant provides a feasible sampling frame and environment for detecting and monitoring important pathogens in tonsils that have health implications for both swine and humans. a total of 395 ... | 2011 | 21731180 |
| multiplex method for simultaneous serological detection of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and porcine circovirus type 2. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) are major contributors to the porcine respiratory disease complex (prdc). routine serological diagnosis and surveillance play an important role in the prevention of prdc, as it is a leading cause of economic losses to the swine industry. we herein describe an advanced microsphere-based immunoassay that permits the simultaneous detection of antibodies to pcv2 and prrsv, thereby reducing the time and e ... | 2011 | 21734031 |
| packaging of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus replicon rna by a stable cell line expressing its nucleocapsid protein. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv), a member of the arteriviridae family, is one of the most common and economically important swine pathogens. although both live-attenuated and killed-inactivated vaccines against the virus have been available for a decade, prrsv is still a major problem in the swine industry worldwide. to explore the possibility of producing single-round infectious prrsv replicon particles as a potential vaccine strategy, we have now generated two neces ... | 2011 | 21717343 |
| effect of the modified live porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) vaccine on european and north american prrsv shedding in semen from infected boars. | the objective of the present study was to compare the effects of the modified live porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) vaccine (ingelvac prrs mlv, boehringer ingelheim animal health, st. joseph, mo, usa) on european and north american prrsv shedding in the semen of experimentally infected boars. the boars were randomly divided into six groups. vaccinated boars shed the north american prrsv at the rate of 10(0.1) to 10(1.0) viral genome copies per ml and 3.63 to 10(1.1) 50 ... | 2011 | 21832096 |
| the assessment of efficacy of porcine reproductive respiratory syndrome virus inactivated vaccine based on the viral quantity and inactivation methods. | there have been many efforts to develop efficient vaccines for the control of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv). although inactivated prrsv vaccines are preferred for their safety, they are weak at inducing humoral immune responses and controlling field prrsv infection, especially when heterologous viruses are involved. | 2011 | 21703032 |
| effects of fut1 gene mutation on resistance to infectious disease. | alpha-(1,2)-fucosyltransferase (fut1) gene has been identified as a candidate gene for regulating the expression of escherichia coli f18 receptor gene (ecf18r) which promotes adherence of enterotoxigenic (etec) and verotoxigenic (vtec) escherichia coli (e. coli) via f18 fimbriae. in order to illustrate the polymorphisms of fut1 and their effects on resistance to natural infection by porcine respiratory and reproductive symdrome virus (prrsv) and haemophilus parasuis, the distributions of differe ... | 2011 | 21695432 |
| large scale parallel pyrosequencing technology: prrsv strain vr-2332 nsp2 deletion mutant stability in swine. | fifteen porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) isolate genomes were derived simultaneously using 454 pyrosequencing technology. the viral isolates sequenced were from a recent swine study, in which engineered type 2 prototype prrsv strain vr-2332 mutants, with 87, 184, 200, and 403 amino acid deletions in the second hypervariable region of nsp2, were found to be stable in the nsp2 coding region after in vivo infection (faaberg et al., 2010). furthermore, 3 of 4 mutants achie ... | 2011 | 21839789 |
| porcine bocaviruses: genetic analysis and prevalence in chinese swine population. | summaryin members of the bocavirus genus, that contain three open reading frames (orfs) of the parvovirinae subfamily, porcine bocaviruses (pobovs) exhibit the most genetic diversity. based on the orf2-encoded viral protein (vp1) classification, the six reported porcine bocaviruses were grouped into four species: pobov1 (porcine boca-like virus or pbolv), pobov2 (porcine parvovirus 4 or ppv4), pobov3 (pbov1/pbov2) and pobov4 (6v/7v), with pobov3 and pobov4 each having two genotype viruses. all f ... | 2011 | 21676363 |
| immunogenicity of the envelope gp3 protein of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus displayed on baculovirus. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) has been recognized as one of the most important pathogens of pigs throughout the world. the minor envelope protein gp3 of prrsv plays an important role in clearing of the virus infection and protecting the animals. in this study, a recombinant baculovirus (bacsc-gp3) expressing his6-tagged gp3 with the transmembrane (tm) and cytoplasmic (ct) domains of envelope protein gp64 was constructed and its immunogenicity was evaluated in mouse ... | 2011 | 21692562 |
| Comparative pathogenicity of type 1 and type 2 isolates of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) in a young pig infection model. | Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) isolates are classified in two different genotypes, based on genomic heterogeneity: type 1, which comprises European type isolates, and type 2, which includes North American type isolates. It is believed that members of both genotypes differ in some biological properties including pathogenicity, however extensive studies comparing isolates of both genotypes have never been carried out. The objective of the present study was to compare t ... | 2011 | 21831539 |
| Postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome produced in gnotobiotic pigs following exposure to various amounts of porcine circovirus type 2a or type 2b. | In late 2005, a postweaning, high mortality syndrome spread rapidly through finishing barns in swine dense areas of the United States. Diagnostic investigations consistently detected porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) from diseased tissues. Subsequent genetic analysis revealed that the infectious agent was a PCV2 type termed "PCV2b". Prior to late 2004, only the PCV2a type, but not PCV2b, had been reported in North America. In this communication, we produce severe postweaning multisystemic wasting ... | 2011 | 21684696 |
| rapid typing of foot-and-mouth disease serotype asia 1 by reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification. | a reverse transcriptase loop-mediated isothermal amplification (rt-lamp) assay was rapidly used to detect serotype asia 1 of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) within 45 min at 61°c. all fmdv serotype asia 1 reference strains were positive by rt-lamp, while other viruses such as fmdv serotypes o, c, a and classical swine fever virus, swine vesicular disease virus, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and japanese encephalitis virus remained negative. furthermore, fmdv sreotype as ... | 2011 | 22040459 |
| seroprevalence evolution of selected pathogens in iberian wild boar. | a total of 1279 eurasian wild boar (sus scrofa) sera were collected from 2000 to 2011 in the iberian peninsula to reveal time changes in serum antibody prevalences against selected infectious agents (porcine circovirus type 2, pcv2; porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, prrsv; hepatitis e virus, hev; and erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae) and to identify putative individual or population factors driving such changes. overall seroprevalences were 48%, 26%, 2% and 15% for pcv2, hev, prrs ... | 2011 | 22168900 |
| Generation of an infectious clone of HuN4-F112, an attenuated live vaccine strain of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. | Nowadays, PRRS has become one of the most economically important infectious diseases of pig worldwide. To better characterize and understand the molecular basis of PRRSV virulence determinants, it would be important to develop the infectious cDNA clones. In this regard, HuN4-F112, a live-attenuated North-American-type PRRSV vaccine strain, could serve as an excellent model. | 2011 | 21851649 |
| expression of the nucleocapsid protein of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in soybean seed yields an immunogenic antigenic protein. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (prrs), caused by the prrs virus (prrsv), is a serious disease of swine and contributes to severe worldwide economic losses in swine production. current vaccines against prrs rely on the use of an attenuated-live virus; however, these are unreliable. thus, alternative effective vaccines against prrs are needed. plant-based subunit vaccines offer viable, safe, and environmentally friendly alternatives to conventional vaccines. in this study, efforts h ... | 2011 | 21971995 |
| Rapid and sensitive detection of PRRSV by a reverse transcription-loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay. | A real-time monitoring reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) assay was developed for the sensitive and specific detection of prototypic, prevalent North American porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) strains. As a higher sensitivity and specificity method than reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), the RT-LAMP method only used a turbidimeter, exhibited a detection limit corresponding to a 10(-4) dilution of template RNA ex ... | 2011 | 21847756 |
| New insights into RNA packaging in porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. | While identifying whether the smallest packaged heteroclite subgenomic RNA (S9) of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) contains a packaging signal, we found that S9 was capable of binding to the basic amino acid-rich domain (synthetic peptide of aa 34-53) of the packaging protein (N). In addition, by using truncations at the 5' and 3' ends of S9, a minimal binding region of 35 nt was found to be essential for binding to both the synthetic peptide and to the full-length N ... | 2011 | 21918012 |
| Mapping codon usage of the translation initiation region in porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus genome. | Porcine reproductive and respitatory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is a recently emerged pathogen and severely affects swine populations worldwide. The replication of PRRSV is tightly controlled by viral gene expression and the codon usage of translation initiation region within each gene could potentially regulate the translation rate. Therefore, a better understanding of the codon usage pattern of the initiation translation region would shed light on the regulation of PRRSV gene expression. | 2011 | 22014033 |
| Survey of pleuritis and pulmonary lesions in pigs at abattoir with a focus on the extent of the condition and herd risk factors. | Cranioventral pulmonary consolidation (enzootic pneumonia-like lesions) and chronic pleuritis (CP) are common findings in slaughtered pigs. Pleural lesions involving dorsocaudal lobes are suggestive of pleuropneumonia due to Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. In this report the results of an abattoir survey of pleuritis and pulmonary lesions in pigs is presented with a focus on herd risk factors. A total of 4889 animals, ranging in age from 9 to 10months, from 48 batches of pigs belonging to an eq ... | 2011 | 22182431 |
| The design and recombinant protein expression of a consensus porcine interferon: CoPoIFN-a. | CoPoIFN-a is a recombinant non-naturally occurring porcine interferon-a (IFN-a). It was designed by scanning 17 porcine IFN-a nonallelic subtypes and assigning the most frequently occurring amino acid in each position. We used a porcine IFN-a (PoIFN-a) derived from domestic pig as a control. Both porcine IFN-a genes were introduced into yeast expression vector PpICZa-A and expressed in Pichia pastoris. The antiviral unit of these two IFN-as were assayed in MDBK, PK-15 and MARC-145 cells against ... | 2012 | 22088600 |
| Intranasal Delivery of an Adjuvanted Modified Live Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Vaccine Reduces ROS Production. | Abstract Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced predominantly by phagocytic cells in response to microbial infections. When produced at optimal levels ROS have potent antimicrobial properties. However, excessive production of ROS induces apoptosis/necrosis of infected as well as bystander cells, resulting in inflammatory pathology. Previously we showed that vaccination of pigs with a modified live porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus vaccine (PRRS-MLV) administered intranasa ... | 2011 | 22111597 |
| development of a loop-mediated isothermal amplification method for rapid detection of porcine boca-like virus. | the porcine boca-like virus (pbo-likev) was recently discovered in swedish pigs with post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws). in this study, a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) assay was developed for rapid, specific and sensitive detection of pbo-likev. a set of four primers specific for six regions of pbo-likev vp1/2 genes was designed with the online software. the reaction temperature and time were optimized to 65°c and 60min, respectively. lamp products were detected b ... | 2011 | 22172971 |
| cis-acting structural element in 5' utr is essential for infectivity of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. | it is believed that the genomic 5' untranslated region (utr) of arterivirus plays crucial roles in viral genomic replication, subgenomic mrna transcription and protein translation, yet the structure and function still remain largely unknown. in this study, we conducted serial nucleotide truncation, ranging from 1 to 190 nucleotides, to the 5' utr of the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) infectious full-length cdna clone paprrs. in vitro synthetic rnas were transfected i ... | 2011 | 21924304 |
| Polymicrobial respiratory disease in pigs. | Respiratory disease in pigs is common in modern pork production worldwide and is often referred to as porcine respiratory disease complex (PRDC). PRDC is polymicrobial in nature, and results from infection with various combinations of primary and secondary respiratory pathogens. As a true multifactorial disease, environmental conditions, population size, management strategies and pig-specific factors such as age and genetics also play critical roles in the outcome of PRDC. While non-infectious f ... | 2011 | 22152290 |
| Development of a fluorescent microsphere immunoassay for detection of antibodies against PRRSV using oral fluid samples as an alternative to serum-based assays. | For effective disease surveillance, rapid and sensitive assays are needed to detect antibodies developed in response to PRRS virus (PRRSV) infection. In this study, we developed a multiplexed fluorescent microsphere immunoassay for detection of PRRSV specific antibodies in oral fluid and serum samples. Recombinant nucleocapsid protein (N) and nonstructural protein 7 (nsp7) from both PRRSV genotypes (Type I and Type II) were used as antigen and covalently coupled to Luminex fluorescent microspher ... | 2011 | 22155765 |
| identification of b-cell epitopes in the nsp1 protein of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) was divided into north american and european genotypes. nsp1 was an important non-structural protein of prrsv, which was auto-cleaved from the replicase polyprotein into nsp1α and nsp1β subunits and played an important role in the immune suppression. in this study, six monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against the recombinant prrsv nsp1, expressed in escherichia coli system, were screened out and identified. western blot and ifa results indi ... | 2011 | 21996544 |
| Hemagglutinating virus of Japan envelope (HVJ-E) can enhance the immune responses of swine immunized with killed PRRSV vaccine. | Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is an economically detrimental pig pathogen that causes significant losses for the pig industry. The immunostimulatory effects of hemagglutinating virus of Japan envelope (HVJ-E) in cancer therapy and the adjuvant efficacy of HVJ-E have been previously evaluated. The objective of this study was to investigate the adjuvant effects of HVJ-E on immunization with killed PRRSV vaccine, and to evaluate the protective effects of this immunizat ... | 2011 | 21982767 |
| Molecular characterization of transcriptome-wide interactions between highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and porcine alveolar macrophages in vivo. | Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infects mainly the porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs) and causes porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS). Previous studies have analyzed the global gene expression profiles of lung tissue in vivo and PAMs in vitro following infection with PRRSV, however, transcriptome-wide understanding of the interaction between highly pathogenic PRRSV (HP-PRRSV) and PAMs in vivo has not yet been established. In this study, we employed Af ... | 2011 | 21850204 |
| detection of porcine circovirus type 1 in commercial porcine vaccines by loop-mediated isothermal amplification. | a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) method with a real-time monitoring system was developed for the detection of porcine circovirus type 1 (pcv1) in commercial swine vaccines. this method was highly specific for pcv1. no cross-reaction to porcine circovirus type 2, porcine parvovirus, pseudorabies virus, classical swine fever virus, and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus was observed. the analytical sensitivity of the lamp for pcv1 dna was 10 copies/μl in the case of ... | 2011 | 21948286 |
| Identification of a genetically diverse sequence of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in Slovenia and the impact on the sensitivity of four molecular tests. | A total 91 serum samples and 51 pig tissue samples were collected between October 2009 and June 2010 from 30 herds, where a clinical picture of infection or/and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) antibody-positive pigs were detected. Of the 142 samples tested, 65 (45.8%) were identified as porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) positive by a one-step reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The sequencing results of 258 nucleotides in O ... | 2012 | 22001545 |
| linked outbreaks and control of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome and postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome in a pig farm in poland. | in a newly established farrow-to-finish farm (porcine reproductive and respiratory virus [prrsv]-free, porcine circovirus type 2 [pcv-2]-infected), reproductive failure was seen seven months after population. the conception rate dropped from 89 to 51 per cent, and the abortion rate increased from 0.5 to 11 per cent. the following month, characteristic lesions of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) and elevated mortality were observed in weaned pigs. laboratory examinations confirme ... | 2011 | 21891787 |
| highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, asia. | | 2011 | 21888830 |
| assessment of stomoxys calcitrans (diptera: muscidae) as a vector of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (prrs) is a globally significant swine disease caused by an arterivirus. the virus replicates in alveolar macrophages of infected pigs, resulting in pneumonia in growing pigs and late-term abortions in sows. outbreaks occur on disparate farms within an area despite biosecurity measures, suggesting mechanical transport by arthropods. we investigated the vector potential of stable flies, stomoxys calcitrans (l.) (diptera: muscidae), in the transmission ... | 2011 | 21845948 |
| inhibition of highly pathogenic prrsv replication in marc-145 cells by artificial micrornas. | highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (hp-prrs) has caused large economic losses in swine industry in recent years. however, current antiviral strategy could not effectively prevent and control this disease. in this research, five artificial micrornas (amirnas) respectively targeted towards orf5 (amirgp5-243, -370) and orf6 (amirm-82, -217,-263) were designed and incorporated into a mirna-based vector that mimics the backbone of murine mir-155 and permits high expressio ... | 2011 | 22040357 |
| an experimental live chimeric porcine circovirus 1-2a vaccine decreases porcine circovirus 2b viremia when administered intramuscularly or orally in a porcine circovirus 2b and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus dual-challenge model. | commercially available inactivated vaccines against porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) have been shown to be effective in reducing pcv2 viremia. live-attenuated, orally administered vaccines are widely used in the swine industry for several pathogens because of their ease of use yet they are not currently available for pcv2 and efficacy. the aims of this study were to determine the efficacy of a live-attenuated chimeric pcv2 vaccine in a dual-challenge model using pcv2b and porcine reproductive an ... | 2011 | 21951266 |
| protein-x of hepatitis b virus in interaction with ccaat/enhancer-binding protein α (c/ebpα)--an in silico analysis approach. | even though many functions of protein-x from the hepatitis b virus (hbv) have been revealed, the nature of protein-x is yet unknown. this protein is well-known for its transactivation activity through interaction with several cellular transcription factors, it is also known as an oncogene. in this work, we have presented computational approaches to design a model to show the structure of protein-x and its respective binding sites associated with the ccaat/enhancer-binding protein α (c/ebpα). c/e ... | 2011 | 22035036 |
| interleukin-1β expression by a recombinant porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. | the cytokine interleukin-1 beta (il-1β) is a potent inflammatory mediator in response to infection, and can be used as an immunological adjuvant. in this study, we constructed a recombinant porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (vp129/swil1β) expressing swine il-1β from the separate subgenomic mrna inserted between the orf1b and orf2 genome region. marc-145 cells infected with vp129/swil1β secreted 1947pg of il-1β per 2×10(5)cells at 36h post-infection. in vitro growth kinetics ana ... | 2011 | 22119401 |
| role of lipid rafts in porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection in marc-145 cells. | lipid rafts play an important role in the life cycle of many viruses. cholesterol is a critical structural component of lipid rafts. although the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) has restricted cell tropism for cells of the monocyte/macrophage lineage, a non-macrophage cell marc-145 was susceptible to prrsv because of the expression of virus receptor cd163 on the cell surface, therefore marc-145 cells is used as model cell for prrsv studies. in order to determine if ch ... | 2011 | 21986526 |
| bpex pig health scheme: a useful monitoring system for respiratory disease control in pig farms? | abstract: background: respiratory diseases account for significant economic losses to the uk pig industry. lesions indicative of respiratory disease in pig lungs at slaughter e.g. pneumonia and pleuritis are frequently recorded to assess herd health or provide data for epidemiological studies. the bpex pig health scheme (bphs) is a monitoring system, which informs producers of gross lesions in their pigs' carcasses at slaughter, enabling farm-level decisions to be made. the aim of the study was ... | 2011 | 22208847 |
| sensitive mie scattering immunoagglutination assay of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) from lung tissue samples in a microfluidic chip. | a microfluidic immunosensor utilizing mie scattering immunoaggultination assay was developed for rapid and sensitive detection of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) from lung tissue samples of domesticated pigs. antibodies against prrsv were conjugated to the surface of highly carboxylated polystyrene microparticles (diameter=920nm) and mixed with the diluted prrsv tissue samples in a y-shaped microchannel. antibody-antigen binding induced microparticle immunoagglutinati ... | 2011 | 21871925 |
| epidemiological investigations in regard to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (prrs) in quebec, canada. part 2: prevalence and risk factors in breeding sites. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) is a major threat for swine industry and understanding factors involved in its epidemiology is undoubtedly essential for disease control. as a part of a larger project, a cross-sectional study was performed on breeding sites in a moderate density area of swine production in quebec to estimate the prevalence of prrsv infected sites and to evaluate if characteristics of sites and biosecurity practices, either as specific measures or as a ... | 2011 | 22169709 |
| mutational analysis of the sdd sequence motif of a prrsv rna-dependent rna polymerase. | the subgenomic mrna transcription and genomic replication of the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) are directed by the viral replicase. the replicase is expressed in the form of two polyproteins and is subsequently processed into smaller nonstructural proteins (nsps). nsp9, containing the viral replicase, has characteristic sequence motifs conserved among the rna-dependent rna polymerases (rdrp) of positive-strand (ps) rna viruses. to test whether the conserved sdd moti ... | 2011 | 21922433 |
| baculovirus as a prrsv and pcv2 bivalent vaccine vector: baculovirus virions displaying simultaneously gp5 glycoprotein of prrsv and capsid protein of pcv2. | the gp5 glycoprotein of prrsv is the main target for inducing neutralizing antibodies and protective immunity in the natural host. the capsid (cap) protein is the major immunogenic protein and associated with the production of pcv2-specific neutralizing antibodies. in the present study, one genetic recombinant baculovirus bacsc-dual-gp5-cap was constructed. this virus displays simultaneously histidine-tagged gp5 and cap proteins with the baculovirus glycoprotein gp64 tm and ctd on the virion sur ... | 2011 | 22172969 |
| vaccination of mice with orf5 plasmid dna of prrsv; enhanced effects by co-immunizing with porcine il-15. | the open reading frame (orf) 5 of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) encodes a major envelope glycoprotein designated gp5. the gp5 protein is a candidate for vaccinating against prrsv infection. in this study, recombinant plasmids bearing the prrsv gp5 gene (pvax-gp5) or the porcine interleukin 15 gene (pvax-il15) were generated. mice were vaccinated with these gene constructs singularly or in combination, and subsequent humoral and cellular immune responses were evaluat ... | 2011 | 22017604 |
| cellular poly(c) binding proteins 1 and 2 interact with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus nonstructural protein 1β and support viral replication. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) infection of swine results in substantial economic losses to the swine industry worldwide. identification of cellular factors involved in prrsv life cycle not only will enable a better understanding of virus biology but also has the potential for the development of antiviral therapeutics. the prrsv nonstructural protein 1 (nsp1) has been shown to be involved in at least two important functions in the infected hosts: (i) mediation of vir ... | 2011 | 21976648 |
| cellular membrane cholesterol is required for porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus entry and release in marc-145 cells. | cholesterol represents one of the key constituents of small, dynamic, sterol- and sphingolipid-enriched domains on the plasma membrane. it has been reported that many viruses depend on plasma membrane cholesterol for efficient infection. in this study, the role of the plasma membrane cholesterol in porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) infection of marc-145 cells was investigated. pretreatment of marc-145 cells with methyl-β-cyclodextrin (mβcd), a drug used to deplete chole ... | 2011 | 22173307 |
| interaction between innate immunity and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. | innate immunity provides frontline antiviral protection and bridges adaptive immunity against virus infections. however, viruses can evade innate immune surveillance potentially causing chronic infections that may lead to pandemic diseases. porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) is an example of an animal virus that has developed diverse mechanisms to evade porcine antiviral immune responses. two decades after its discovery, prrsv is still one of the most globally devastatin ... | 2011 | 22152291 |
| detection of foot-and-mouth disease virus rna by reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification. | a reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (rt-lamp) assay was developed for foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) rna. the amplification was able to finish in 45 min under isothermal condition at 64°c by employing a set of four primers targeting fmdv 2b. the assay showed higher sensitivity than rt-pcr. no cross reactivity was observed from other rna viruses including classical swine fever virus, swine vesicular disease, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, japa ... | 2011 | 22070774 |
| differential expression of proinflammatory cytokines in the lymphoid organs of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus-infected pigs. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (prrs) is considered one of the most important diseases in the swine industry. although several studies have been carried out to elucidate the host immune response evoked against prrs virus (prrsv), there are several aspects that still remain unclear. the aim of this study was to determine the expression of il-1α, il-6 and tnf-α in the lymphoid organs (mediastinal and retropharyngeal lymph nodes and tonsil) of prrsv-infected pigs and to determine the ... | 2011 | 21848934 |
| [the role of vimentin during prrsv infection of marc-145 cells]. | the objective of this study was to investigate the function of vimentin in prrsv infection. vimentin gene from marc-145 cells was amplified by rt-pcr, cloned into pet-28a vector and expressed in escherichia coli bl21(de3). the expressed vimentin was confirmed by western blot and purified which was used to immunize balb/c mice for the production of antibodies. vimentin and antibodies were tested for blocking prrsv infection of marc-145 cells. the binding of vimentin to prrsv n and gp5 proteins we ... | 2011 | 21998958 |
| efficient surveillance of pig populations using oral fluids. | currently virus surveillance in swine herds is constrained by the cost-effectiveness and efficiency of sampling methods. the objective of this study was to assess the value of using oral fluids collected by barn personnel as a method of surveillance based on pcr testing. approximately 12,150 pigs in 10 wean-to-finish barns on 10 farms were monitored for the presence of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv), influenza a virus (iav), and torq ... | 2011 | 22154249 |
| Effect of modified-live porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSv) vaccine on the shedding of wild-type virus from an infected population of growing pigs. | There are ongoing efforts to eliminate porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSv) from regions in the United States swine industry. However, an important challenge for the accomplishment of those efforts is the re-infection of pig units due to the area spread of PRRSv. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of PRRS modified-live virus vaccine (MLV) on viral shedding and on dynamics of PRRSv infection in pig populations raised under commercial conditions. The stud ... | 2012 | 22063389 |
| Seroprevalence of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome, Aujeszky's disease, and porcine parvovirus in replacement gilts in Thailand. | The present study investigated the seroprevalence of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, Aujeszky's disease virus (ADV), and porcine parvovirus (PPV) in replacement gilts from selected five swine herds in Thailand. The study consisted of three parts. First, a retrospective data analysis on the seroprevalence of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and ADV glycoprotein I (gI) in gilts, sows, boars, nursery, and fattening pigs in five herds (n?=?7,030). Seco ... | 2011 | 22068636 |
| Complete genome characterization of a East European Type 1 subtype 3 porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. | Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is a swine disease of major economic importance that causes reproductive and respiratory problems in pigs. PRRSV strains are divided into European (Type 1) and North-American (Type 2) genotypes. Within the European PRRSV genotype, three subtypes have been delineated. Full genome sequences for North American and European subtype 1 strains have been described. Here, the first complete genomic characterization of a European subtype 3 strain (Lena ... | 2011 | 21948018 |
| [a novel double expression shuttle vector to get marker-free recombinant modified vaccinia virus ankara]. | a novel double expression shuttle vector named plr-gpt was constructed for marker-free recombinant modified vaccinia virus ankara generation. a delectable eco gpt marker was adopted with cre/loxp dna recombination system and a bhk-21 cell line that can express cre enzyme. eco gpt gene controlled by p7.5 promoter from vaccinia virus was cloned between two loxp sites in the same direction. additionally, two multiple cloning site under control of other two vaccinia virus promoters were constructed ... | 2011 | 22034822 |
| Proteomic alteration of Marc-145 cells and PAMs after infection by porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. | Viral infections usually result in alterations in the host cell proteome, which determine the fate of infected cells and the progress of pathogenesis. To uncover cellular protein responses in porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), infected pulmonary alveolar macrophages (PAMs) and Marc-145 cells were subjected to proteomic analysis involving two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) followed by MALDI-TOF-MS/MS identification. Altered expression of 44 protein spots in infected ... | 2011 | 22137209 |
| studies on porcine circovirus type 2 vaccination of 5-day-old piglets. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) vaccines have become widely used since they became available in 2006. it is not uncommon for producers to use pcv2 vaccines in pigs younger than what is approved by manufacturers. the objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of a chimeric and a subunit pcv2 vaccine administered at 5 or 21 days of age. forty-eight pcv2-naïve piglets were randomly divided into six groups of eight pigs each. vaccination was done at day 5 or day 21, followed by triple ch ... | 2011 | 21940407 |
| induction of autophagy enhances porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus replication. | autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved lysosome-dependent degradation pathway that acts in the maintenance of cellular homeostasis and plays important functions in viral replication and pathogenesis. in this study, we investigated the role of autophagy in the replication of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv), an agent that has caused devastating losses in the international swine industry since the late 1980s. using protein quantification and microscopy, we observed tha ... | 2011 | 22119900 |
| ebola reston virus infection of pigs: clinical significance and transmission potential. | in 2008, reston ebolavirus (rebov) was isolated from pigs during a disease investigation in the philippines. porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) and porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv-2) infections were also confirmed in affected herds and the contribution of rebov to the disease outbreak remains uncertain. we have conducted experimental challenge studies in 5-week-old pigs, with exposure of animals to 10(6) tcid(50) of a 2008 swine isolate of rebov via either the oronasal or ... | 2011 | 21987755 |
| evidence for a major qtl associated with host response to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus challenge. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (prrs) causes decreased reproductive performance in breeding animals and increased respiratory problems and morbidity in growing animals, which results in significant economic losses in the swine industry. vaccination has generally not been effective in the prevention of prrs, partially due to the rapid mutation rate and evolution of the virus. the objective of the current study was to discover the genetic basis of host resistance or susceptibility t ... | 2011 | 22205662 |
| microbial ecology of swine farms and prrs vaccine vaccination strategies. | the present study investigated the microbial ecology and vaccination strategies against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (prrs) in field condition. four representative farms with a history of prrs were included in this study. over the almost 3-year period, the average detection rate was 68.9%, making prrsv the first most frequently detected virus, followed by porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) (64.2%), pseudorabies virus (prv) (11.03%) and classical swine fever virus (csfv) (4.41%). s ... | 2011 | 22014373 |
| Genetic and phenotypic characterization of a 2006 United States porcine reproductive and respiratory virus isolate associated with high morbidity and mortality in the field. | The objective of this study was to characterize a porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) isolated from United States pigs experiencing high morbidity (50%) and mortality (20%). The PRRSV isolate, designated NC16845b, was characterized through phenotypic analysis and genomic sequencing and compared to Type 2 PRRSV isolates VR-2332, MN184 and VR-2385. NC16845b demonstrated slower replication in vitro compared to the three other isolates and grew to a peak titer of 5.4×10(5) pl ... | 2011 | 21920393 |
| Free-ranging wild boar: a disease threat to domestic pigs in Switzerland? | The risk of transmission of pathogens from free-ranging wild boars (Sus scrofa scrofa) to outdoor domestic pigs (S. scrofa domesticus) is of increasing concern in many European countries. We assess this risk, using Switzerland as an example. We estimated 1) the prevalence of important pathogens in wild boars and 2) the risk of interactions between wild boars and outdoor pigs. First, we tested 252 wild boars from selected areas between 2008 and 2010 for infection with Brucella spp. Bacterial prev ... | 2011 | 22102657 |
| Immunological solutions for treatment and prevention of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS). | Vaccination is the principal means used to control and treat porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infection. An array of PRRS vaccine products is available in various regions of the world. However, despite extensive efforts, little progress has been made to improve efficacy since the first introduction of a live, attenuated vaccine in 1994 in the USA. Key limitations include: (a) uncertainty about the viral targets of protective immunity that prevents a research focus on i ... | 2011 | 21925560 |
| Localization, Expression Change in PRRSV Infection and Association Analysis of the Porcine TAP1 Gene. | The transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP) translocates antigenic peptides from the cytosol into the lumen of the endoplasmic reticular and plays a critical role in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecule-mediated antigenic presentation pathway. In this study, the porcine TAP1 gene was mapped to the pig chromosome 7 (SSC7) and was closely linked to the marker SSC2B02 (retention fraction=43%, LOD=15.18). Subcellular localization of TAP1 by transient transfection ... | 2012 | 22211104 |
| Correction: Molecular Characterization of Transcriptome-wide Interactions between Highly Pathogenic Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus and Porcine Alveolar Macrophages in vivo. | [This corrects the article on p. 947 in vol. 7, PMID: 21850204.]. | 2012 | 22211111 |
| human telomerase reverse transcriptase-immortalized porcine monomyeloid cell lines for the production of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) shows highly restricted cell tropism and targets subpopulations of differentiated macrophages such as porcine alveolar macrophages (pam) in the natural host. although primary pam cells would be ideal for in vitro virus production, they are not only difficult and expensive for establishment but cannot be frozen reliably for long-term storage and use. apart from pam cells, african green monkey kidney derived marc-145 cells are used common ... | 2012 | 21889956 |
| [terminology for classifying swine herds by porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus status]. | standardized terminology for the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) status of swine herds is necessary to facilitate communication between veterinarians, swine producers, genetic companies, and other industry participants. it is also required for implementation of regional and national efforts towards prrsv control and elimination. the purpose of this paper is to provide a herd classification system for describing the prrsv status of herds, based upon a set of definition ... | 2011 | 22138772 |
| porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus nucleocapsid protein modulates interferon-β production by inhibiting irf3 activation in immortalized porcine alveolar macrophages. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) infection appears to elicit a weak innate immune response suppressing type 1 interferon (ifn) production. recent studies have revealed that several nonstructural proteins encoded by the prrsv genome independently antagonize the type 1 ifn system. the present study sought to identify the structural proteins that possess the immune evasion properties in immortalized porcine alveolar macrophages (pam). each structural protein gene was stab ... | 2011 | 21947566 |
| Application of GP5 protein to develop monoclonal antibody against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. | In this study, a panel of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus(PRRSV), named as 8C9 and4B4, were produced by fusing SP2/0 myeloma cells and spleen cells of BALB/c mice immunized with the PRRSV (TCID(50)=5.5), screened by the indirect ELISA and subjected to several limiting dilutions. mAbs were then identified by biological characterization. Among the two fusion cell strains, 8C9 belonged to the IgG1 subclass and 4B4 belonged to the IgG2a subcla ... | 2011 | 21847758 |
| prevalence of antibodies to selected viral pathogens in wild boars (sus scrofa) in croatia in 2005-06 and 2009-10. | we determined prevalence of antibody to selected viral pathogens important for domestic pigs and livestock in 556 wild boar (sus scrofa) sera collected during 2005-06 and 2009-10 in four counties in croatia. these counties account for an important part of the croatian commercial pig production and have a high density of wild boars. samples were tested for antibodies to porcine parvovirus (ppv), aujeszky's disease virus (adv), porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2), swine influenza virus, porcine respi ... | 2012 | 22247381 |
| emerging and re-emerging swine viruses. | in the past two decades or so, a number of viruses have emerged in the global swine population. some, such as porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) and porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2), cause economically important diseases in pigs, whereas others such as porcine torque teno virus (ttv), now known as torque teno sus virus (ttsuv), porcine bocavirus (pbov) and related novel parvoviruses, porcine kobuvirus, porcine toroviruses (ptov) and porcine lymphotropic herpesviruses (pl ... | 2012 | 22225855 |
| porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and porcine circovirus type 2 infections in wild boar (sus scrofa) in southwestern germany. | samples were collected from 203 wild boars (sus scrofa) hunted in baden-wurtemburg, germany from november-january 2008 and 2009. samples from the lung and tonsil were analyzed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qpcr) for porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) type 1 (european type) and type 2 (american type). a qpcr to detect porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2)-specific genome was performed on tissue homogenates including lung, tonsils, and inguinal lymph nodes. serum s ... | 2012 | 22247377 |
| epidemiological investigations in regard to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (prrs) in quebec, canada. part 1: biosecurity practices and their geographical distribution in two areas of different swine density. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) is a considerable threat to the swine industry and implementing biosecurity measures is essential for the control of its transmission. the aims of this study were: (1) to describe biosecurity practices in production sites located in a moderate density (md) and a high density (hd) pig area according to production type; (2) to group sites in different patterns according to their biosecurity practices; and (3) to determine the geographical ... | 2012 | 22243985 |
| inhibitory effects of recombinant porcine interferon-α on high- and low-virulence porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome viruses. | the inhibitory effects of recombinant porcine interferon alpha (rpoifn-α) on the propagation of low-virulence prrsv (lvprrsv) in marc-145 cells, and on the progress and severity of high virulence prrsv (hvprrsv)-induced infections in pigs, were determined. pre-treatment of marc-145 cells with increasing concentrations of rpoifn-α prior to infection with lvprrsv decreased the observed cytopathic effects (cpes) in a concentration-dependent manner. viral propagation and antibody response were tempo ... | 2012 | 22221998 |
| micro-dissecting the pathogenesis and immune response of prrsv infection paves the way for more efficient prrsv vaccines. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) is the most important infectious pathogen in pigs worldwide nowadays. due to its genetic drift and increasing power to escape from immunity, prrsv becomes more and more difficult to control. based on a better knowledge of prrsv, its interaction with the host cell, the macrophage, its pathogenesis and the immunity against this virus, new vaccines can now be constructed. this research-based development of new generation vaccines will allo ... | 2012 | 22225918 |
| increased prevalence of torque teno viruses in porcine respiratory disease complex affected pigs. | the role of swine torque teno sus viruses (ttsuvs) as co-factors in disease syndromes involving porcine circovirus strain 2 (pcv2) and porcine reproductive and respiratory disease syndrome virus (prrsv) has been a debatable subject. in this study, the prevalence of ttsuvs in iowa, the leading pork producing state in the u.s., was estimated by a duplex pcr. the pcr is capable of simultaneously detecting both teno sus viruses 1 and 2 (ttsuv1 and 2). based on an analysis of 300 random samples repre ... | 2011 | 22227415 |
| porcine fcγriib mediates enhancement of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) infection. | antibody-dependent enhancement (ade) of virus infection caused by the uptake of virus-antibody complexes by fcγrs is a significant obstacle to the development of effective vaccines to control certain human and animal viral diseases. the activation fcγrs, including fcγri and fcγriia have been shown to mediate ade infection of virus. in the present paper, we showed that pocine fcγriib, an inhibitory fcγr, mediates ade of prrsv infection. stable marc-145 cell lines expressing pofcγriib (marc-pofcγr ... | 2011 | 22220194 |
| regulation of cell signaling and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. | in order to successfully survive in host and persistent infection, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) utilized sophisticated mechanisms to suppress or escape from the host' innate and adaptive immune systems, and then changed host gene expression. signaling pathways play a pivotal role in the regulation of diverse biological processes. once signaling pathways are activated by a variety of different stimuli, immune responses will be triggered by the activation of chemokin ... | 2012 | 22274732 |