| replication of measles virus in cultured human thymic epithelial cells. | measles virus can replicate in cultures of both infantile and fetal human thymic epithelial cells. virus-induced cytopathology including syncytium formation was first evident around 24 hr after viral inoculation of these cultures. at the same time, the cultures began to lose their characteristic thymus-like organizational structure. viral antigens were detected in infected cells by indirect immunofluorescence, and the presence of progeny virions was demonstrated in culture fluids. | 1989 | 2646394 |
| efficacy and safety of vaccination of marrow transplant recipients with a live attenuated measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine. | long-term immunity to measles, mumps, and rubella viruses was studied in 57 patients after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. among patients who were seropositive at the time of transplant, 51% had retained antibodies to measles, 42% had retained antibodies to mumps, and 76% had retained antibodies to rubella 2 y later. there was no difference in the ability to retain antibodies to these viruses between patients with and those without chronic graft-versus-host disease (gvhd). twenty seroneg ... | 1989 | 2647859 |
| histopathologic and immunocytochemical studies of distemper in seals. | thousands of harbor seals (phoca vitulina) died in european seas during 1988. respiratory distress and oculonasal discharge were common clinical signs. we necropsied 76 affected seals. the main necropsy finding was severe pneumonia. microscopic lung changes were characterized by proliferation of type ii pneumocytes, filling of alveolar lumina with serofibrinous exudate, leukocytes, and macrophages, and necrosis of bronchial and bronchiolar epithelium. intracytoplasmic and intranuclear acidophili ... | 1989 | 2652873 |
| morbillivirus in seals: isolation and some growth characteristics in cell cultures. | the procedure used for the cultural isolation of morbillivirus from seals as well as some growth characteristics of isolates is described briefly. emphasis was laid upon cytopathic changes typical for morbillivirus and observed in seal kidney cell culture subsequent to inoculation of organ tissue suspensions or buffy coat leucocytes. the modalities which resulted in the identification of 21 morbillivirus isolates from 16 seals by using direct fluorescent antibody (fa) or peroxidase linked antibo ... | 1989 | 2653775 |
| seroconversion after administration of measles vaccine to central australian aboriginal children at nine months of age. | a simple procedure for examining the seroconversion rates to measles vaccines in outlying communities is described; this involves the storage and transportation of dried-blood samples on filter paper, which is followed by the detection of measles-specific antibodies by means of a commercially-available immunofluorescence assay. among 82 susceptible central australian aboriginal infants who were vaccinated at nine months of age, 76 (93% [95% confidence limits, 84.9%-96.6%]) children demonstrated ... | 1989 | 2654583 |
| characterization of a halothane-resistant strain of measles virus. | a strain of measles virus (mvr) whose replication demonstrated increased resistance to halothane (2-bromo-2-chloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane) exposure compared with the susceptible parental strain (mvs) is described. after exposure to a 1.2% halothane concentration, substantial amounts of the measles virus h protein were detected in mvr-infected vero cell lysates by immunoprecipitation and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis or by quantitative immunofluorescence staining. the protein was barely detec ... | 1989 | 2658788 |
| [the antimicrobial effect of lysozyme on nasal mucosa]. | we tested the effect of lysozyme on the nasal mucosa in a controlled double-blind in vivo study. the administration of non-pathogenic vaccine strains of living measles virus and of living vivotif bacteria (attenuated salmonella typhi) to 14 healthy subjects showed that lysozyme possesses a clear antimicrobial and antiviral effect. | 1989 | 2659560 |
| multiple sclerosis as a viral disease. | | 1989 | 2662281 |
| [serum interleukin-2 receptor in patients with kawasaki disease]. | serum levels of soluble interleukin 2 receptor (il-2r) were determined by a sandwich enzyme immunoassay in 42 patients during the acute phase and in 30 at the convalescent phase of kawasaki disease, 5 with streptococcal infection, 13 with anaphylactoid purpura, 7 with various vasculitis and also in 16 healthy children. in addition, we analysed the population of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in 18 of 42 patients with kd using a fluorescence-activated cell sorter. serum il-2r levels in patien ... | 1989 | 2662945 |
| virus-induced immunosuppression: infections with measles virus and human immunodeficiency virus. | | 1989 | 2665441 |
| detection of measles virus genome in blood leucocytes of patients with certain autoimmune diseases. | rna isolated from lymphocytes of peripheral blood was dot-hybridized to a hybrid plasmid containing specific sequences for measles virus nucleocapsid protein. viral rna was detected in the lymphocytes of 28 of 34 (82%) patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (sle) and of 40 of 68 (59%) patients with chronic glomerulonephritis (cgn), and was not detected in 29 control patients. | 1989 | 2665691 |
| the chemotactic activity for granulocytes produced by virally infected fibroblasts is identical to monocyte-derived interleukin 8. | so far, the role of fibroblasts in inflammatory processes has been underestimated. we have previously shown that stimulation of fibroblasts with viruses or bacteria results in a simultaneous production of several cytokines, including interferon-beta, interleukin (il) 6 and colony-stimulating factors. we here report that virally infected fibroblasts produce also a chemotactic factor for granulocytes. the activity is inducible not only by measles virus but also by il 1 beta and the double-stranded ... | 1989 | 2668011 |
| feasible improvements in vaccines in the expanded programme on immunization. | feasible improvements in existing vaccines of the expanded programme on immunization are reviewed. the toxicity of pertussis vaccines can probably be reduced and the immunogenicity increased by recently instituted improvements in purity and selectivity. candidate vaccines containing inactivated pertussis toxin, with or without other components, are in use in japan and in controlled trials elsewhere. inactivated poliovirus vaccines have been improved over the past decade and presently show promis ... | 1989 | 2669097 |
| [isolation and properties of hybridomas producing monoclonal antibodies to the leningrad-16 measles virus]. | a panel of 18 hybridomas producing mca to measles virus (the l-16 strain) was produced by somatic hybridization method. thirteen hybridomas produce immunoglobulins of the g class represented by all known subclasses of mouse immunoglobulins; the subclass g 2a is predominant. five hybridomas produce immunoglobulins of the m class. the resulting preparations of mca are highly reactive in several serological tests: ifa, nif, hi, nt. mca have been divided into 3 groups according to their capacity to ... | 1989 | 2669335 |
| infection studies in mink with seal-derived morbillivirus. | morbillivirus derived from diseased harbour seals (phoca vitulina) has characteristics of acute virulent canine distemper virus infection in mink. the infection induced a disease resembling the acute systemic and nervous form of canine distemper. | 1989 | 2669686 |
| protective role of human antibody to the fusion protein of measles virus. | absorption of a pooled human gamma globulin preparation with acetone-treated measles virus-infected cells removed all antibodies to measles virus antigens except a portion of the antibody to the fusion (f) protein. the residual anti-f antibody had hemolysis-inhibiting and virus-neutralizing activities, inhibited spread of infection through cell fusion, and was effective in protection of passively immunized mice from fatal measles encephalitis, providing evidence for the protective role of human ... | 1989 | 2671610 |
| natural infection with canine distemper virus in a japanese monkey (macaca fuscata). | a case of encephalitis in a japanese monkey (macaca fuscata) was examined histopathologically and serologically. the animal had brain lesions consisting of perivascular cuffs, malacia, inclusion bodies and giant cells. monoclonal antibody to the nucleoprotein of canine distemper virus (cdv) stained the inclusions, and the distribution of the virus antigen was closely associated with that of the histological lesions. serologically, all the 22 monkeys in the same group as the diseased monkey had r ... | 1989 | 2672547 |
| characterization of octyl glucoside-solubilized cell membrane receptors for binding measles virus. | optimum conditions were determined for solubilizing cell membrane receptors for binding measles virus (mv). evidence for specific receptors was shown from the saturability of mv binding to intact vero cells or african green monkey erythrocytes (mrbcs). receptors, solubilized from vero cells and mrbc with 1.5% octyl glucoside, inhibited mv attachment, infectivity, and hemagglutination activities. extracts from chicken erythrocytes, which did not bind mv, were inactive in all assays. mv binding ac ... | 1989 | 2672566 |
| [immunoglobulin specific and conventional methods in the serodiagnosis of measles]. | the serological diagnostics of suspicions of measles is of ever growing importance with adequately decreasing morbidity. the utilization of the complement binding reaction is compared with results of the haemagglutination test, the igg enzyme immunoassay, the igg and igm immunofluorescence technique and the haemadsorption immunosorbent test for igm prove of measles. the virus-specific methods of evidence prove to be favourable ones. the present possibilities of the decentralized routine diagnost ... | 1989 | 2678782 |
| measles active and passive immunity in a worldwide perspective. | 'the simplest of all virus disease is measles' said kenneth maxy 40 years ago in a chapter on epidemiology. i hope that the data set out here provide the reader with a sufficiently complete and clear picture of the factors that determine measles epidemiology, that he or she will agree with maxy's prescient words. measles is an antigenically complex virus, but few components of the immune response to this virus are epidemiologically relevant. the relevant components are durable for a lifetime. th ... | 1989 | 2685909 |
| detection of viral infection by immunofluorescence in formalin-fixed tissues, pretreated with trypsin. | the presence of viral antigen in sections from formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded human tissues was demonstrated by trypsin digestion followed by direct or indirect immunofluorescence. the specimens may be used for retrospective diagnosis. the immunofluorescence technique has to be adapted to the suspected virus infection on the basis of previous histopathologic study. variations of trypsin concentration time and temperature of incubation, expose different viral antigens and have to be previou ... | 1988 | 2687623 |
| identification by sequence analysis of chemotactic factors for monocytes produced by normal and transformed cells stimulated with virus, double-stranded rna or cytokine. | a monocyte chemotactic activity was found to be released by various types of cultured human cells after appropriate stimulation: normal diploid fibroblasts, peripheral blood mononuclear cells or monocytes isolated therefrom, and a number of tumor cell lines, including osteosarcoma (mg-63) and hepatoma (malavu) but not melanoma (bowes) cells. cultures of diploid human fibroblasts and these tumor cells stimulated with interleukin (il) 1 or double-stranded rna [poly(ri).poly(rc)], or infected with ... | 1989 | 2691259 |
| [optimal age for vaccination against measles]. | a review of the general aspects of the transmission dynamics of measles is presented. similarities and differences in the patterns of transmission of measles in developed and developing countries are pointed out. epidemiological, demographic and nutritional variables relevant to the design of an immunization program are briefly discussed. since there is no cohort in developing countries in which most individuals are susceptible, it is concluded that there is no single optimum age at which to vac ... | 1989 | 2692194 |
| antibodies to measles virus surface polypeptides in an immunized student population before and after booster vaccination. | serum specimens collected from 82 students before and after booster immunization with live measles virus (mv) vaccine were tested for mv surface protein-specific antibodies using a previously developed competitive enzyme immunoassay (eia). the specificity of the assay in measuring antibodies against three sites on the haemagglutinin (h) and two on the fusion (f) protein was demonstrated. all subjects in this study were vaccinated, as one to two year-olds, three times with inactivated killed vacc ... | 1989 | 2692335 |
| clue to seal epizootic? | | 1989 | 2704417 |
| long-term effect of elevated temperatures on sspe virus expression in persistently infected rat glial cells. | cultivation of measles virus (sspe virus, lec strain) persistently infected c6 rat glioma cells at 39 degrees c resulted in the loss of detectable expression of measles virus proteins. temperature shift-back led to reactivation of measles virus even after maintenance of the cells at 39 degrees c for 15 days. in northern blot analysis viral mrna disappeared at 3 days after shift-up whereas 50 s viral genome-sized rna was detectable until 6 days. the 50 s rna decreased in quantity in rough correla ... | 1989 | 2705878 |
| [giant cell tumors developing in paget's disease. presentation of 2 cases with an ultrastructural study]. | we report two cases of giant cell tumor of bone (osteoclastoma) associated with paget's disease. one appeared on the left cubitus in a 68-year-old male patient while the second involved the right maxillary sinus in a 79-year-old woman. histopathological study was completed by ultrastructural and immunocytological studies. they were demonstrated to contain intranuclear virus-like filamentous inclusions in the osteoclasts. however, we cannot obtain positive response with antisera against measles v ... | 1989 | 2712870 |
| host age and cell type influence measles virus protein expression in the central nervous system. | measles virus infection of the central nervous system (cns) of children can result in a slow, progressive fatal disease, subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (sspe). the pathogenesis of persistent measles virus infection of the cns has been studied by comparing viral protein expression in suckling or weanling hamsters infected with the hbs strain of measles virus. suckling animals develop a rapidly progressive fatal encephalitis while weanling animals survive and are persistently infected. viral ... | 1989 | 2718377 |
| the mumps virus nucleocapsid mrna sequence and homology among the paramyxoviridae proteins. | the nucleotide sequence of mumps virus nucleocapsid protein (np) mrna has been determined from two overlapping cdna clones and confirmed by partial sequencing of the mrna and the genome. the mrna contains 1844 nucleotides excluding poly(a) and encodes a protein of 553 amino acids with a calculated molecular weight of 61,792. a comparison of the mumps virus nucleocapsid protein sequence with that of other paramyxoviruses revealed a moderate degree of homology (33.1%) with the newcastle disease vi ... | 1989 | 2718626 |
| serological survey of measles in yemen in 1985. | the hi assay for measles was used to evaluate the sera of 191 children of preschool age (1-6 ys) from five regions of south yemen: highland, coastal, vadi hadramot, the agricultural area abijan and the capital city aden. the serum positivity rate was 47.5% in 1-2-year-old children, 75.5% in 3 year-old and 88.5% in 4-6 year-old children. the geometric mean of hi titres was 4.8 log2 in preschool children. an optimal strategy of vaccination against measles in yemen is discussed. | 1989 | 2723425 |
| aseptic meningitis after vaccination against measles and mumps. | this retrospective study (1979 to 1986) investigated the possible etiologic relationship between vaccination and aseptic meningitis in 115 hospitalized children who became ill within 30 days of vaccination with the leningrad 3 strain of mumps virus and the edmonston-zagreb strain of measles virus. the etiologic viral diagnosis was based on serologic tests and the isolation of virus from cell cultures which distinguished between attenuated and "virulent" mumps virus. the incidence of mumps vaccin ... | 1989 | 2726323 |
| [persistence of viruses in rheumatoid arthritis]. | humoral and cell-mediated immune response to antigens of hepatitis b (hbsag and hbeag), delta-virus, rubella, and measles viruses was studied. detection in a number of patients with rheumatoid arthritis of hbsag and hbeag in blood sera permits a conclusion that productive virus infection is formed in such patients. at the same time in patients with rheumatoid arthritis areactivity of immunocytes to hbsag and hbeag was found while marked sensitization of lymphocytes to rubella virus antigens was ... | 1989 | 2728409 |
| [persistence of the measles virus genome in some autoimmune diseases]. | | 1989 | 2728412 |
| diagnostic screening of multiple antigen-antibody reactions in a new single assay on nitrocellulose: the line immunobinding assay (liba). | a new nitrocellulose-based elisa technique, the line immunobinding assay (liba), permits the quantitative detection of multiple antigen-antibody reactions in one single assay. the antigen solutions are sprayed in thin lines onto a nitrocellulose sheet which is then cut into several strips before incubation in a multi-channel tray with serially diluted serum. the reacting antibodies are visualized by a peroxidase system. comparison with other techniques routinely used for the detection of antibod ... | 1989 | 2732478 |
| etiology of diarrhea in measles. | thirty-six measles cases with diarrhea were studied with two age and sex matched control groups, measles without diarrhea (75 cases) and acute diarrhea (70 cases). bacterial pathogens were isolated from 5 out of 36 (13.9%) in measles with diarrhea but rotavirus, coronavirus and parasites were not detected in any case. the bacterial and viral etiology of measles with diarrhea were statistically significant different from the acute diarrhea group (p less than 0.005) and p less than 0.01 respective ... | 1989 | 2732637 |
| [a study on measles immune status by elisa]. | both elisa and hi tests have been used to test 85 paired sera collected shortly before and after a measles epidemic. results showed that 22 children whose pre-exposure antibody titers were less than 1:2 by hi and less than 1:100 by elisa contracted measles subsequently and other 2 children, one less than 1:2 by hi and 1:100 by elisa, one 1:2 by hi and less than 1:100 by elisa contracted too. 3 of 5 children whose pre-exposure antibody titers ranged from 1:2 to 1:8 by hi and 1:100 to 1:400 by eli ... | 1989 | 2736614 |
| seal disease predictions. | | 1989 | 2739714 |
| [macrophage transformation of mononuclear cells following primary and secondary experimental immunization with measles vaccine]. | cell-mediated and humoral immune response was studied in guinea pigs receiving two immunizations with live measles vaccine l-16 in doses of 1000 tcd50/0.5 ml at an interval of 45 days. the results of this study showed that the maximum level of the macrophagal transformation of mononuclears and the most intensive synthesis of antimeasles antibodies were observed on day 10 after booster immunization. the intensification of cell-mediated and humoral immune response was found to depend on the initia ... | 1989 | 2741608 |
| replication of measles virus in the human plasma cell leukemia-derived licr-lon-hmy2 cell line. | measles virus is usually grown in human or monkey fibroblast cells. we now show that licr-lon-hmy2 (ll2) cells, a human plasma cell leukemia-derived line which grows in suspension culture, will permissively support replication of measles virus to an extent achievable with vero cells. sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of measles virions produced by ll2 cells showed a polypeptide pattern typical of measles virus. as well, measles virus-infected ll2 cells, like infected ver ... | 1989 | 2760166 |
| field evaluation of a simplified unit-dose syringe for administration of measles vaccine. | ezeject is a plungerless syringe prefilled with lyophilized measles vaccine. ezeject syringes were compared with standard 3-cc syringes and 10-dose measles vaccine vials in the vaccination of 884 guatemalan infants 8-23 months of age. vaccination was performed by experienced vaccinators and by individuals without prior vaccination experience who received 2.5-3 hours of training. the overall seroconversion rate following administration was 96%, regardless of the type of syringe used or of the exp ... | 1989 | 2762701 |
| a measles virus subgenomic rna: structure and generation mechanism. | a plaque-derived line of measles virus induced the synthesis of 21s subgenomic rna in addition to 50s genomic rna. the nucleotide sequence of the former rna was determined in comparison with that of the latter. the 21s subgenomic rna was 2646 nucleotides long and had a copyback structure containing a 50s genomic 5'-end. at the site where copying turns back, there was a 15-nucleotide-long sequence resembling the "measles virus consensus sequence" which is present at the beginning of each gene on ... | 1989 | 2763461 |
| examination of eight cases of multiple sclerosis and 56 neurological and non-neurological controls for genomic sequences of measles virus, canine distemper virus, simian virus 5 and rubella virus. | in situ hybridization studies have been carried out on brain samples from eight cases of multiple sclerosis (ms) and 56 non-neurological and neurological controls, using single-stranded 35s-labelled rna probes prepared against genomic rna sequences of measles virus, canine distemper virus, rubella virus and simian virus 5. foci of hybridization were found using probes against the measles virus nucleocapsid protein (n), phosphoprotein and fusion protein gene sequences in two of the ms cases, and ... | 1989 | 2769228 |
| matrix protein of cell-associated subacute sclerosing panencephalitis viruses. | the nucleotide sequence has been determined for the matrix (m) protein gene of three strains, niigata-1, zh and biken, of cell-associated subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (sspe) virus. the m proteins of the niigata-1 and zh strains were found to terminate prematurely as a result of nonsense mutations at nucleotide positions 68 and 96 respectively. on the other hand it was predicted that the biken strain would express m protein with 22 amino acid differences and eight additional amino acids at ... | 1989 | 2769235 |
| [the development and duration of immunity in children vaccinated against measles with the edmonston-zagreb vaccine]. | after routine measles-rubella-mumps (mrm) vaccine, seroconversion rate for measles heminhibiting (hi) antibodies in a group of 161 children was determined. of the 154 children who had no hi antibodies in the first serum sample, 153 (99.3%) developed these antibodies in titres greater than or equal to 1:4 and 148 (96.1%) in titres greater than or equal to 1:8 at 6 weeks postvaccination. these results are in concord with the who standards. another study was designed to evaluate persistence of hi a ... | 1989 | 2770398 |
| [the measles virus is not teratogenic]. | | 1989 | 2771387 |
| distribution and movement of membrane-associated platelet glycoproteins: use of colloidal gold with correlative video-enhanced light microscopy, low-voltage high-resolution scanning electron microscopy, and high-voltage transmission electron microscopy. | scanning electron microscopy (sem), especially low-voltage (1 kev) high-resolution sem, can be used in conjunction with stereo pair high-voltage (1 mev) transmission electron microscopy (hvem) of whole spread cells or thick sections effectively to correlate surface structure with internal structure. surface features such as microvilli, pits, pseudopodia, ruffles, attached virus, and other surface-related morphologic characteristics can be identified using sem, while underlying cytoskeletal struc ... | 1989 | 2773810 |
| postmortem detection of measles virus in non-neural tissues in subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. | subacute sclerosing panencephalitis, a rare, progressive, fatal central nervous system disease of children, is caused by measles virus. clinical signs occur months to several years after recovery from acute measles infection. it is not known where the virus persists while the disease is inapparent. involvement of organs outside the central nervous system has rarely been documented. to search for possible peripheral reservoirs of measles virus we used in situ hybridization to probe for measles vi ... | 1989 | 2774513 |
| persistence of measles virus in rat brain neurons is promoted by depletion of cd8+ t cells. | fourteen-day-old lewis rats were injected intracerebrally with the hamster neurotropic (hnt) strain of measles virus. at the same time, cd8+ t cytotoxic cells were eliminated by a single injection of a mouse monoclonal antibody (ox8) directed against this lymphocyte phenotype. the lymphocyte depletion, which endured for more than 7 weeks, markedly reduced the elimination of measles virus antigen from the brain, but did not affect the induction of major histocompatibility complex (mhc) molecules ... | 1989 | 2783583 |
| measles virus-polypeptide specificity of the cytotoxic t-lymphocyte response in multiple sclerosis. | some patients with multiple sclerosis (ms) have been shown previously to have a reduced capacity to generate measles virus (mv)-specific cytotoxic t-lymphocytes (ctls). the mechanism of this reduction is not understood. possibilities include sequestration of mv-ctls within the central nervous system (cns), abnormalities in regulation of this response (e.g., suppression), a defect in the t-cell repertoire of ms patients and a defect in the induction or maintenance of the ctl response to mv. to ex ... | 1989 | 2783585 |
| virus-induced immunosuppression: infection of peripheral blood mononuclear cells and suppression of immunoglobulin synthesis during natural measles virus infection of rhesus monkeys. | | 1989 | 2784472 |
| hla class ii-restricted presentation of cytoplasmic measles virus antigens to cytotoxic t cells. | to analyze the nature of the hla class ii-restricted cytotoxic t-lymphocyte (ctl) response to measles virus, murine fibroblasts were transfected with expressible cdna clones for human hla-dr antigen and for measles virus matrix or nucleocapsid proteins. dr-positive murine fibroblasts transfected with measles virus matrix or nucleocapsid genes were lysed by class ii-restricted measles virus-specific ctl lines. lysis was as efficient as with infected autologous b-cell lines, even though the measle ... | 1989 | 2784508 |
| measles virus inhibits lymphocyte proliferation in vitro by two different mechanisms. | we studied the effect of two different strains of measles virus (mv) on the lymphocyte blast transformation response. infectious virus inhibited the proliferation response to pha early during the culture when freshly isolated pbmc were stimulated. however, mv stimulated the proliferation of t cell lines early after infection and the inhibition was a late phenomenon associated with cell death. the early inhibition by the edmonston strain of mv was shown to be monocyte-dependent by depletion studi ... | 1989 | 2784743 |
| t-cell recognition of measles virus haemagglutinin studied in a mouse model. | balb/c mice were pretreated with cyclophosphamide and immunized 2 days later with inactivated, purified measles virus (mv) mixed with dimethyl dioctadecyl ammonium bromide (dda). seven days later, lymph nodes (ln) were removed and lymphocytes cultured in the presence of purified mv antigens. mv haemagglutinin (h) was found to be a major antigen responsible for proliferation of the lymphocytes. incorporation of purified h into liposomes significantly enhanced the proliferative response compared w ... | 1989 | 2786244 |
| estradiol potentiates poke-weed mitogen-induced b cell stimulation in multiple sclerosis and healthy subjects. | female preponderance in many diseases suggested with autoimmune pathogenesis, multiple sclerosis (ms) being classified as one of them, indicates a role for hormonal factors such as estrogen in disease development. to bypass monthly hormonal fluctuations in females, we evaluated in male patients with ms and male blood donors the effect of 17-beta-estradiol on numbers of igg, iga and igm producing cells in cultures of peripheral blood lymphocytes. while estradiol alone had no effect, estradiol in ... | 1989 | 2786312 |
| impaired human leukocyte antigen-restricted measles virus-specific cytotoxic t-cell response in subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. | the capacity of peripheral blood lymphocytes to proliferate in response to measles virus and to generate measles virus-specific cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctl) was examined in 4 patients with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (sspe). the lymphoproliferative response to measles virus was obtainable in the 4 sspe patients. in contrast, the ctl response to measles virus was reduced in 3 of the 4 sspe patients. this defect appeared to be in the generation of the measles virus-specific ctls, since me ... | 1989 | 2786368 |
| restriction of measles virus gene expression in acute and subacute encephalitis of lewis rats. | measles virus (mv) replication in brain tissue of lewis rats with acute (ae) and subacute (same) encephalitis was characterized by biochemical techniques. messenger rnas specific for measles virus nucleocapsid (n), phospho (p)-, matrix (m), fusion (f), and haemagglutinin (h) protein were detected in all brain extracts examined. the quantity of the individual mv mrna species was quite different in comparison to lytically infected vero cells. a steep gradient of mv transcripts was found in brain t ... | 1989 | 2788328 |
| complete nucleotide sequence of the matrix protein mrna of mumps virus. | the complete nucleotide sequence of the mumps virus membrane protein or matrix protein (m) has been determined by sequencing cdna clones and confirmed by partially sequencing the m mrna and the genome. the mrna is 1248 nucleotides long excluding the poly(a) and encodes a protein of 375 amino acids. the molecular weight (38,670), deduced from the amino acid sequence, is in agreement with the molecular weight of the viral m protein estimated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (39-40 kda). the m ... | 1989 | 2789521 |
| two species of the phosphoprotein mrna with differently edited reading frames discovered in measles virus infected vero cells. brief report. | one cdna clone representing the phosphoprotein mrna sequence of the edmonston strain of measles virus contained 4 g nucleotides at a particular position. two other clones contained 3 g nucleotides at the same position. otherwise the nucleotide sequence were identical. the mrna with 3 g nucleotides codes for the 70 kd phosphoprotein. the mrna with 4 g nucleotides may code for a putative new peptide with 231 aminoterminal amino acids in common with the p protein whereas the 68 carboxyterminal amin ... | 1989 | 2789811 |
| [serological evidence of persistent elimination of measles in czechoslovakia]. | the authors report on the elimination surveillance programme initiated in 1969 with the introduction of mass vaccination. in 1982 the elimination of measles was achieved. it included serological surveillance or/and annual serological reports, which considerably contributed to the optimum effect of vaccination and re-vaccination strategies. within the frame work of this programme, from 1971 to 1987, approximately 40,000 probands from all regions of the czech socialist republic were examined. proo ... | 1989 | 2790867 |
| anemia of a mild viral infection: the measles vaccine as a model. | to define the hematologic changes during a mild viral infection, 93 infants were immunized with live attenuated measles virus and studied prospectively at 0, 4, 9, 14, 21, and 30 days. hemoglobin concentration decreased significantly by days 9 and 14. the decrease was greater than 1.0 g/dl in 8.6% and greater than 0.6 in 24.3% of the infants. of the nonanemic infants, 22% became anemic. serum iron and percentage saturation of transferrin decreased, whereas serum ferritin increased significantly. ... | 1989 | 2797979 |
| the italian cooperative multiple sclerosis case-control study: preliminary results on viral antibodies. | viral antibodies to measles, hsv-1, hsv-2, ebv and htlb-iii have been tested in 120 sera and 90 cfs of 78 ms patients, 21 other neurological diseases and 21 non neurological disease controls included in the italian multicenter ms case-control study. a significantly higher frequency of hsv-2 antibodies was found in the ms cases than in the two control groups. moreover the hsv-2 and the rbv-vca cantibody levels were higher in the ms patients than in those with non neurological diseases. a clear or ... | 1987 | 2820894 |
| longitudinal survey of t-lymphocytes and viral antibodies in ms patients. | our study focused on the relationship between lymphocyte h/s ratios and antiviral antibodies. we have concluded a longitudinal survey of 29 clinically definite ms patients for 8 months seeking a possible correlation among clinical modifications, fluctuations of t-cell subsets and antiviral antibody titers. for this purpose in each patient the following parameters were recorded monthly:--clinical history and neurological examination;--blood t-cell subpopulation as defined by monoclonal antibodies ... | 1987 | 2820896 |
| adoptively transferred immunity persists in human marrow graft recipients. | this study was designed to determine if antibodies (abs) to recall antigens (ags) were produced after bone marrow transplantation (bmt). sera from marrow recipients (recipients) were tested for abs to recall ags post-grafting, and t and b cells from recipients were tested for their ability to produce anti-tetanus toxoid antibody (anti-tt) using in vitro biosynthesis assays. neither the donors nor recipients received booster immunizations with recall ags before or after bmt. serum ab titers to te ... | 1987 | 2821549 |
| antimeasles specificity of anticytochrome c serums. | the serums of cytochrome c immunized guinea pigs recognize measles virus hemagglutinin. antimeasles specificity is confirmed by seroneutralization and immunodiffusion reactions. cytochrome c preimmunized guinea pigs, when inoculated with measles hemagglutinin, present booster-type increases of the antiviral titres. | 1987 | 2821676 |
| characterisation of various intravenous immunoglobulin preparations. | five commercially available immunoglobulin preparations are characterised with regard to molecular weight distribution, immunoglobulin subclass distribution and antibody content. preparations processed utilising enzymic or chemical modification demonstrate considerable variance of molecular weight species and subclass distribution when compared to native preparations. similarly, cytomegalovirus and anti-streptolysin o antibody content is dramatically reduced in the modified preparations. possibl ... | 1987 | 2822815 |
| [detection of herpes simplex and measles viral antigens in tissue sections of the central nervous system by an immunoperoxidase method]. | | 1987 | 2823485 |
| comparisons of feline panleukopenia virus, canine parvovirus, raccoon parvovirus, and mink enteritis virus and their pathogenicity for mink and ferrets. | parvoviruses from mink (mink enteritis virus [mev]), cats (feline panleukopenia virus [fpv]), raccoons (raccoon parvovirus [rpv]), and dogs (canine parvovirus [cpv]) were compared. restriction enzyme analysis of the viral replicative-form dna revealed no consistent differences between fpv and rpv isolates, but cpv and mev isolates could be distinguished readily from other virus types. feline panleukopenia virus, rpv, and mev, but not cpv, replicated to high titers in mink. however, on the first ... | 1987 | 2823648 |
| viral antibody titers. comparison in patients with multiple sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis. | higher titers of antibodies to measles virus envelope antigens, hemolysin and hemagglutinin, epstein-barr virus (ebv) capsid antigen and nuclear antigen, and rubella virus hemagglutinin were demonstrated in serum samples of patients with multiple sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis than in age- and sex-matched control subjects. a significant correlation was observed between antibodies to measles and rubella viruses both in patients with multiple sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis, but such a corr ... | 1987 | 2823754 |
| influencing of ionizing radiation on herpes simplex virus and its genome. | the effects of cobalt-60 gamma-rays, 10 mev electrons and 52 mev deutrons on the survival of plaque-forming ability has been studied in various strains of herpes simplex virus (hsv). the results show that the d0 for the loss of plaque-forming ability in different hsv strains lies in the range 1-3 kgy. irradiation of isolated hsv-1 dna with cobalt-60 gamma-rays resulted in damage, as indicated by electrophoresis of purified viral dna and by restriction endonuclease analysis, at doses of 1 kgy, wi ... | 1987 | 2824393 |
| [isolation and use in virological research of a peroxidase conjugate with protein a]. | on the basis of proteins a produced at the mechnikov central research institute for vaccines and sera (moscow) and obtained from pharmacia ab (sweden), several batches of peroxidase conjugate have been prepared by a modified method of periodate oxidation. the preparations thus obtained have been evaluated by means of the corresponding enzyme immunoassay systems for the detection of antibodies to herpes simplex and measles viruses. the results of this investigation indicate that serum antibody ti ... | 1987 | 2825453 |
| rederivation of mhv and mev antibody positive mice. | | 1987 | 2826877 |
| a solid-phase fluorescent immunoassay for detecting canine or mink enteritis parvoviruses in faecal samples. | mink enteritis virus (mev) and canine parvovirus (cpv) were detected in faecal samples from experimentally or naturally infected minks and dogs, respectively, using antibody-coated polyacrylamide beads (immunobeads, ib) as the solid phase for immunofluorescence (if) tests. the specificity and sensitivity of the immunobead assay (iba) were studied by comparing it with an enzyme-linked immunoassay (elisa), a haemagglutination (ha) test and an if test using tissue cultures. the iba was as sensitive ... | 1987 | 2830702 |
| detecting prenatal and perinatal infections. laboratory diagnosis by traditional and new techniques. | | 1985 | 2834238 |
| [immunologic response in herpes encephalitis: development of the antibody serum/cerebrospinal fluid ratio in 13 cases]. | serological monitoring was performed in 13 cases of herpetic encephalitis (one infant and 12 adults). samples taken simultaneously from blood and cerebrospinal fluid (csf) were tested before and after initiation of antiviral treatment. antiherpesvirus (anti-hsv) antibodies were assayed by an elisa method. the state of the blood-brain barrier was controlled by assaying other antiviral antibodies. immune response was studied during the 3-to-4 weeks of the course of the infection. anti-hsv igg leve ... | 1988 | 2834690 |
| [assessment by immunoenzyme analysis of the immune status of donors with reference to the viruses of rubella, measles and herpes simplex]. | the results of testing the blood sera obtained from donors at a blood transfusion center in moscow for the presence of antibodies to rubella, measles and herpes simplex viruses, carried out by means of the enzyme immunoassay with the use of the corresponding test systems, are presented. antibodies to rubella, measles and herpes simplex viruses have been detected, respectively, in 81.5, 96.7 and 100% of blood sera. the proportion of sera with low, medium and high antibody titers has proved to be ... | 1988 | 2834896 |
| low and high molecular weight cytomegalovirus-specific immunoglobulin m antibody in renal transplant patients with cytomegalovirus infections. | sera from 27 renal transplant patients with primary and recurrent cmv infections and which were known to contain cmv-specific igm antibodies were investigated by indirect immunofluorescence for the presence of virus-specific high molecular weight igm (19s igm) and low molecular weight igm (7s igm). after sucrose gradient fractionation of the sera, 19s igm was found in all 27 patients, whereas 7s igm was present in 11 out of 19 (56%) patients with primary cmv infection and in 1 out of 8 (12%) pat ... | 1988 | 2835435 |
| measles virus l protein evidences elements of ancestral rna polymerase. | we have determined the nucleotide sequence of the measles virus (mv) l gene using a cdna library encompassing the entire mv genome (j. crowley et al. (1987) intervirology, 28, 65-77). the l gene is 6639 nucleotides in length, and contains a single long open reading frame that could code for a protein of 247,611 kda. both the l gene and in particular the predicted l protein of mv bear substantial homology to their counterparts in sendai virus and newcastle disease virus, suggesting that the multi ... | 1988 | 2835864 |
| characterization of biological and antigenic properties of raccoon dog and blue fox parvoviruses: a monoclonal antibody study. | parvovirus isolates from blue foxes and raccoon dogs were characterized by studying their haemagglutination properties, host range in vitro and antigenic structure. in all 3 characters, raccoon dog parvovirus resembled canine parvovirus (cpv), while blue fox parvovirus was similar to mink enteritis virus (mev). monoclonal antibodies (mabs) were prepared against both viruses. raccoon dog parvovirus, while resembling cpv, had a unique antigenic site which could be specified by mabs. the pattern of ... | 1988 | 2836994 |
| avidin-biotin latex agglutination assay for detection of antibodies to viral antigens. | a new method for attaching antigens to latex by an avidin-biotin technique is described. the procedure permits control of the amount of antigen attached to the latex and eliminates the need for highly purified antigens and destructive bridging chemicals. the avidin-biotin latex agglutination assay is a simple, rapid test well suited to detection of viral antibody. the sensitivity and specificity, respectively, of the avidin-biotin latex agglutination assay compared with other assay results for a ... | 1988 | 2838508 |
| detection of dna transcripts of measles genes in multiple sclerosis brain tissue by transfection. | transfection studies on dna obtained from 16 multiple sclerosis (ms) and 13 non-ms brain tissues suggested that 3/16 (19%) ms and 3/13 (23%) non-ms samples contained contaminating measles virus double-stranded rna, and that 6/16 (38%) ms and 0/13 non-ms samples contained dna transcripts of measles genes. it is argued that the dna transcripts most probably originated from dual retrovirus and measles infections in the subjects. | 1988 | 2838584 |
| comparison between parainfluenza virus type 2 and simian virus 5: monoclonal antibodies reveal major antigenic differences. | marked differences in the apparent mrs of the hn, np and f proteins of simian virus 5 (sv5) and parainfluenza virus type 2 (pf-2) were revealed by sds-page. to examine the antigenic relationships between sv5, pf-2 and other paramyxoviruses, monoclonal antibodies (mabs) specific to pf-2 were isolated. these antibodies had specificities for the hn, np and p proteins and together with 54 mabs to sv5 were tested for their ability to react with sv5, pf-2, pf-3, mumps and measles virus proteins. most ... | 1988 | 2841416 |
| introduction of macromolecules into mammalian cells by cell fusion. | proteins with molecular weights of up to 500k can be enclosed in erythrocyte ghosts by exposing the ghosts to hypotonic solution containing these proteins. the proteins can then be introduced into recipient cells by fusing the ghosts with the cells using hvj, peg, or influenza virus. some applications of this method are described. by an improved method, 15 kbp dna and igm (900 kda) can be entrapped in erythrocyte membranes and these are then treated with liposomes containing gangliosides and hvj ... | 1988 | 2842173 |
| evaluation of macrophage antiviral activity in patients affected by neoplasia. | the intrinsic antiviral activity of macrophages has been studied in healthy donors and in patients affected by breast cancer and melanoma. in vitro differentiated macrophages from blood-derived monocytes were infected with measles virus, herpes simplex virus type 2 and adenovirus 17. the challenge was carried out with different multiplicities of infection and the synthesis of virus was tested by evaluating the single cycle growth curve in 24 h. the results obtained show that the restriction of v ... | 1988 | 2842553 |
| antiviral effect of lithium chloride. | studies in human embryo fibroblasts infected with measles or herpes simplex virus showed a reduction in virus yield when cultures were pretreated with 1-10 mm lithium chloride doses. maximum effect was obtained by a 1 h treatment with 10 mm lithium chloride, preceding viral infection by 19-24 hours. a specific antiviral effect against measles virus was manifest immediately after culture pretreatment. intermittent treatment with 10 mm lithium chloride of cultures persistently infected with measle ... | 1988 | 2842936 |
| mode of action of a new type of udp-glucose analog against herpesvirus replication. | the mode of action of a new type of udp-glucose analog against herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) replication was examined. the analog showed good selectivity and potent activity. at 10 micrograms/ml, p-536 inhibited the formation of infectious hsv-1 by more than 90%, whereas at 100 micrograms/ml it had no cytotoxic effects, as evidenced by phase-contrast microscopy. p-536 showed a wide spectrum of action and was active against hsv-1, adenovirus type 5, vaccinia virus, poliovirus type 1, enceph ... | 1988 | 2847650 |
| fluctuation of virus antibody levels in healthy adults. | in order to determine fluctuations in virus antibody levels, blood specimens were collected weekly from 13 healthy adults during a nine-week period and tested by enzyme immunoassay for igg antibodies against measles, rubella and cytomegalovirus. in 29 of 35 subject-titer pairs the difference between the highest and lowest titers observed was less than twofold, in five cases it was between twofold and threefold, and in one case it was 3.3-fold. these differences were higher than those caused by i ... | 1988 | 2848705 |
| interference between strains in live virus vaccines. ii: combined vaccination with varicella and measles-mumps-rubella vaccine. | a combined vaccine against varicella and measles-mumps-rubella made by mixing two commercially available products (varilrix and pluserix sk-rit) has proved to be only partially successful in early trials. although the seroconversion rates with the mmr components were comparable with those usually achieved, the varicella take was depressed to 77%. a new low dose measles-mumps-rubella vaccine was prepared in which the measles virus content was reduced to 1/5 and the mumps virus content to 1/8. com ... | 1988 | 2848843 |
| viral etiology and epidemiology of acute respiratory infections in children in nairobi, kenya. | acute respiratory infection (ari) is the most common cause of illness and death in young children worldwide. because of inadequate laboratory facilities and financial resources the etiological agents responsible for most cases in developing countries remain unknown, thus obviating appropriate management. therefore, an ari program was commenced at the kenyatta national hospital, nairobi, kenya in 1981 with the objectives of establishing the microbial causes, clinical presentations, and diagnoses ... | 1988 | 2849887 |
| intrathecal antimeasles immunity in 140 patients with multiple sclerosis. | | 1988 | 2849893 |
| peptides as potential virus inhibitors. synthesis and bioassay of five respiratory syncytial virus peptide analogs with antimeasles activity. | five carbobenzoxylated and d-amino acid containing-peptide analogs of the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) f1 glycoprotein amino terminus were chemically synthesized by solution and fmoc-solid phase peptide synthesis methods. several of these peptides, ranging from 3 to 6 residues in length, raised the bilayer to hexagonal phase transition temperature of dielaidoylphosphatidylethanolamine. none of these peptides were specific inhibitors of rsv or herpes simplex virus infection. two of the serie ... | 1988 | 2850279 |
| measles virus infection without rash in childhood is related to disease in adult life. | the presence of measles specific antibodies is usually taken as evidence of typical measles in the past; in the present study it was regarded as evidence of infection with measles virus, but not necessarily of the common disease accompanied by a typical rash. the association between a negative history of measles in childhood and certain diseases later in life was investigated by a historical prospective method, based on school health records combined with self-reporting in adulthood, and tests f ... | 1985 | 2856946 |
| intranasal administration of chick embryo fibroblast edmonston-zagreb measles vaccine. | | 1985 | 2857883 |
| mixing measles vaccine with dpt and dptp. | | 1985 | 2860353 |
| infectious oral necrosis (cancrum oris) in nigerian children: a review. | the devastating orofacial gangrenous disease known as cancrum oris (noma) is still commonly seen in underprivileged nigerian children. these children are usually victims of such stressors as chronic malnutrition, numerous endemic communicable diseases and severe adverse physical conditions which may lead to depletion of their adaptive resources or produce physiological maladaptation to additional stressors. measles is the most common infection preceding the development of noma in nigerian childr ... | 1985 | 2861938 |
| dogs and paget's disease. | | 1986 | 2867281 |
| detection of measles-specific igm antibodies: comparison of 2-mercaptoethanol treatment, density gradient centrifugation, protein a-sepharose affinity chromatography, ion-exchange chromatography and haemadsorption techniques. | the sensitivity, specificity and effectivity of 5 methods for detection of measles-specific igm antibodies were compared. a total of 371 sera from non-immunized as well as immunized measles patients was included into the study. the highest positive rate was achieved by the haemadsorption-immunosorbent (hist) test. the density gradient (dg) centrifugation and the ion-exchange chromatography (iercr) were 10-15% less effective. protein a-sepharose affinity chromatography (acr) and 2-mercaptoethanol ... | 1986 | 2878584 |
| characterization of messenger rnas of measles virus. | ten different rna species associated with measles virus were detected in virus-infected cells. the largest rna (no. 1) was considered to be genomic rna and the other nine rnas were found to have a methylated cap as well as a poly(a) tail. northern blot hybridization indicated that rnas no. 2 and 7 to 10 correspond to mrnas encoding structural proteins, and that rnas no. 3 to 6 are intermediate-sized (is)rnas. the possibility that the isrnas represent defective interfering rna or a precursor form ... | 1986 | 2878970 |
| comparison of edmonston-zagreb and schwarz strains of measles vaccine given by aerosol or subcutaneous injection. | the serological response to measles vaccine was tested in bangladesh in groups of infants aged 4-6 months who received equal doses of edmonston-zagreb or schwarz vaccine by subcutaneous injection or by aerosol. seroconversion (as measured by the haemagglutination test) occurred in 62% of infants receiving edmonston-zagreb strain by injection compared with only 37% of those receiving schwarz strain. seroconversion occurred in 35% of those given edmonston-zagreb and 34% of those given schwarz vacc ... | 1987 | 2879981 |
| measles virus in the cerebrospinal fluid in postvaccination immunosuppressive measles encephalopathy. | | 1987 | 2881246 |
| measles virus-induced mononuclear leukocyte adherence inhibition: effect of some drugs influencing arachidonic acid metabolic pathways. | effect of some drugs influencing arachidonic acid metabolic pathways upon the measles virus-induced leukocyte adherence inhibition was investigated in multiple sclerosis patients and in the control group. the drugs used were natrium salicylate, ethanol, and phenidon(1-phenyl-3-pyrazolidon). statistically significant differences were proved between multiple sclerosis patients and controls using phenidon, a drug inhibiting both cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase pathways of the arachidonic acid metab ... | 1986 | 2881471 |