| magnetic resonance imaging findings in acute canine distemper virus infection. | demyelination is the prominent histopathological hallmark in the acute stage of canine distemper virus infection. magnetic resonance imaging is an important diagnostic tool in human beings to determine demyelination in the brain, for example in multiple sclerosis. five young dogs with clinically suspected canine distemper virus infection were subjected to magnetic resonance imaging of the brain and histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations. hyperintense lesions and loss of contrast ... | 2008 | 18482329 |
| canine distemper virus. | vaccine-based prophylaxis has greatly helped to keep distemper disease under control. notwithstanding, the incidence of canine distemper virus (cdv)-related disease in canine populations throughout the world seems to have increased in the past decades, and several episodes of cdv disease in vaccinated animals have been reported, with nation-wide proportions in some cases. increasing surveillance should be pivotal to identify new cdv variants and to understand the dynamics of cdv epidemiology. in ... | 2008 | 18501278 |
| cidofovir inhibits polyomavirus bk replication in human renal tubular cells downstream of viral early gene expression. | the human polyomavirus bk (bkv) causes nephropathy and hemorrhagic cystitis in kidney and bone marrow transplant patients, respectively. the anti-viral cidofovir (cdv) has been used in small case series but the effects on bkv replication are unclear, since polyomaviruses do not encode viral dna polymerases. we investigated the effects of cdv on bkv(dunlop) replication in primary human renal proximal tubule epithelial cells (rptecs). cdv inhibited the generation of viral progeny in a dose-depende ... | 2008 | 18510636 |
| assessment of serum antibody titers against canine distemper virus, canine adenovirus type ii, and canine parvovirus in alaskan sled dogs before and after a long-distance race. | to determine serum antibody titers against canine distemper virus (cdv), canine adenovirus type ii (cav-2), and canine parvovirus (cpv) in trained sled dogs prior to and after completion of a long-distance race. | 2008 | 18518808 |
| retrospective serological analysis of spontaneous cdv infection in 192 dogs. | spontaneous cases of canine distemper virus (cdv) infection were serologically evaluated. the 192 dogs in which cdv antigen was confirmed from tonsil by immunohistological examination were 2- to 4-months old, of various breeds, and unvaccinated. the prognoses were good in 74 dogs with significantly high levels of anti-cdv passive hemolytic aggregation (pha) titer. in the other 118 dogs with poor prognoses, anti-cdv pha titer was not detected. anti-cdv pha titer had the most significant associati ... | 2008 | 18525169 |
| dynamics of a multihost pathogen in a carnivore community. | 1. we provide the first theoretical analysis of multihost disease dynamics to incorporate social behaviour and contrasting rates of within- and between-group disease transmission. 2. a stochastic susceptible-infected-recovered (sir) model of disease transmission involving one to three sympatric species was built to mimic the 1994 serengeti canine distemper virus outbreak, which infected a variety of carnivores with widely ranging social structures. the model successfully mimicked the erratic and ... | 2008 | 18540966 |
| an unusual presentation of canine distemper virus infection in a domestic ferret (mustela putorius furo). | a 4.5-year-old, male castrated ferret was examined with a 27-day history of severe pruritus, generalized erythema and scaling. skin scrapings and a trichogram were negative for mites and dermatophyte organisms. a fungal culture of hair samples was negative. the ferret was treated presumptively for scabies and secondary bacterial and yeast infection with selamectin, enrofloxacin, fluconazole, diphenhydramine and a miconazole-chlorhexidine shampoo. the ferret showed mild improvement in clinical si ... | 2008 | 18547381 |
| cross-species recombination in the haemagglutinin gene of canine distemper virus. | canine distemper virus (cdv) has high prevalence in the world dog population and poses an important conservation threat to many carnivore species. in this study, extensive phylogenetic and recombination analyses were performed on all available complete haemagglutinin gene sequences and a strain (af178038) isolated from giant panda was identified as putative recombinant. interestingly, the mosaic was produced by recombination between genotypes european wildlife and asia-1 and the recombination ev ... | 2008 | 18550189 |
| disease threats to the endangered iberian lynx (lynx pardinus). | the iberian lynx, (lynx pardinus), is the most endangered felid in the world. to determine whether sympatric carnivores are reservoirs of pathogens posing a disease risk for the lynx, evidence of exposure to 17 viral, bacterial and protozoan agents was investigated in 176 carnivores comprising 26 free-living lynx, 53 domestic cats, 28 dogs, 33 red foxes (vulpes vulpes), 24 egyptian mongooses (herpestes ichneumon), 10 common genets (genetta genetta) and 2 eurasian badgers (meles meles) in the are ... | 2009 | 18555712 |
| climate extremes promote fatal co-infections during canine distemper epidemics in african lions. | extreme climatic conditions may alter historic host-pathogen relationships and synchronize the temporal and spatial convergence of multiple infectious agents, triggering epidemics with far greater mortality than those due to single pathogens. here we present the first data to clearly illustrate how climate extremes can promote a complex interplay between epidemic and endemic pathogens that are normally tolerated in isolation, but with co-infection, result in catastrophic mortality. a 1994 canine ... | 2008 | 18575601 |
| receptor interactions, tropism, and mechanisms involved in morbillivirus-induced immunomodulation. | induction of immunomodulation and -suppression is a common feature of morbilliviruses such as measles virus (mv), rinderpest virus (rpv), and canine distemper virus (cdv) in their respective hosts. as major uptake receptor, signaling lymphocytic activation molecule (slam, cd150) essentially determines their tropism for immune cells, which is of considerable importance with regard to immunosuppression and the systemic spread to organs including secondary lymphoid organs, the skin, the respiratory ... | 2008 | 18585529 |
| development of a quantitative real-time taqman pcr assay for testing the susceptibility of feline herpesvirus-1 to antiviral compounds. | feline herpesvirus-1 (fhv-1) is considered as the most common viral infection of domestic cats worldwide. it causes a disease characterized by upper respiratory and ocular clinical signs. several attempts are currently underway to develop antiviral chemotherapy for treating fhv-1 infections. the availability of a rapid quantitative method for detecting fhv-1 would greatly facilitate prompt therapy, and hence enhance the success of any antiviral regime. in this study, a taqman real-time pcr assay ... | 2008 | 18597862 |
| phylogenetic characterization of canine distemper virus isolates from naturally infected dogs and a marten in korea. | we sequenced the hemagglutinin (h) genes from four canine distemper virus (cdv) isolates obtained from three dogs and a marten in korea. these sequences were included in subsequent h gene-focused phylogenetic tree analysis of 89 cdv strains. this analysis revealed eight clades designated as eu1, eu2, eu3, na1, na2, asia 1, asia 2 and vaccine. three of the korean isolates (97jindo, 98marten and 07d111) occurred in the asia 2 group that also contains many japanese cdv strains isolated in 1998. the ... | 2008 | 18603382 |
| isolation and comparative study of the nucleocapsids of measles and canine distemper viruses from infected cells. | nucleocapsids were isolated and purified from cells infected with measles and canine distemper virus (cdv). electron microscopy of negatively stained nucleocapsids revealed the mean outside diameter was approximately 17-18 nm in each case and was not significantly different from similar measurements obtained with sv5 nucleocapsids and tobacco mosaic virus (tmv). all nucleocapsids also revealed central hollow cores which ranged from 4.3 to 5.2 nm. direct chemical determinations showed that both c ... | 1974 | 18621347 |
| etiologic study of upper respiratory infections of household dogs. | infectious tracheobronchitis (itb), also known as the kennel cough, is a respiratory syndrome of dogs and usually appears to be contagious among dogs housed in groups. etiologic agent of itb is multiple and sometimes complex. in the present study, 68 household dogs showing clinical signs of respiratory infection were examined, and 20 dogs (29.4%) were found to be positive for either of following agents. bordetella bronchiseptica (b.b.) was most frequently detected from nasal and oropharynx sites ... | 2008 | 18628596 |
| could epstein-barr virus or canine distemper virus cause multiple sclerosis? | multiple sclerosis (ms) is thought to be an immune-mediated disease with a possible environmental trigger. genetic and environmental factors, including infection by pathogens, may act synergistically to trigger the disease. there is growing epidemiologic, serologic, and pathologic evidence that epstein-barr virus may cause ms or contribute to its pathogenesis. the evidence that canine distemper virus is involved in ms is less robust. more definitive data are required to prove that epstein-barr v ... | 2008 | 18657722 |
| influence of persistent canine distemper virus infection on expression of reck, matrix-metalloproteinases and their inhibitors in a canine macrophage/monocytic tumour cell line (dh82). | a morbillivirus infection of tumour cells is known to exert oncolytic activity, but the mechanism of this inhibitory action has not been well defined. matrix metalloproteinases (mmps) are important enzymes degrading the extracellular matrix and are often upregulated in malignant neoplasms. recent studies have demonstrated that reck may potently suppress mmp-2 and -9 activity, thus inhibiting angiogenesis and metastasis. in this study, real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (rt-qpcr) wa ... | 2009 | 18684651 |
| establishment of canine and feline cells expressing canine signaling lymphocyte activation molecule for canine distemper virus study. | signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (slam) is one of the receptors for canine distemper virus (cdv). in this study, canine and feline cells expressing canine slam, designated a-72/cslam and crfk/cslam, were established for the in vitro study of canine distemper. recent cdv isolates, kdk-1 and 246, which belong to genotypes asia/h1 and asia/h2, respectively, rapidly grew and produced distinct syncytia in both the slam-expressing cells. the virus-neutralizing (vn) test was successfully perfor ... | 2009 | 18687538 |
| ocelots on barro colorado island are infected with feline immunodeficiency virus but not other common feline and canine viruses. | transmission of pathogens from domestic animals to wildlife populations (spill-over) has precipitated local wildlife extinctions in multiple geographic locations. identifying such events before they cause population declines requires differentiating spillover from endemic disease, a challenge complicated by a lack of baseline data from wildlife populations that are isolated from domestic animals. we tested sera collected from 12 ocelots (leopardus pardalis) native to barro colorado island, panam ... | 2008 | 18689668 |
| outbreak of canine distemper in domestic ferrets (mustela putorius furo). | in 2006 an outbreak of canine distemper affected 14 young domestic ferrets in barcelona, spain. their clinical signs included a reduced appetite, lethargy, dyspnoea, coughing, sneezing, mucopurulent ocular and nasal discharges, facial and perineal dermatitis, diarrhoea, splenomegaly and fever. late in the course of the disease, general desquamation and pruritus, and hyperkeratotic/crusting dermatitis of the lips, eyes, nose, footpads, and perineal area were observed. none of the ferrets develope ... | 2008 | 18723866 |
| region between the canine distemper virus m and f genes modulates virulence by controlling fusion protein expression. | morbilliviruses, including measles and canine distemper virus (cdv), are nonsegmented, negative-stranded rna viruses that cause severe diseases in humans and animals. the transcriptional units in their genomes are separated by untranslated regions (utrs), which contain essential transcription and translation signals. due to its increased length, the region between the matrix (m) protein and fusion (f) protein open reading frames is of particular interest. in measles virus, the entire f 5' region ... | 2008 | 18753197 |
| antiviral activity of cidofovir against telomerase-specific replication-selective oncolytic adenovirus, obp-301 (telomelysin). | we constructed a replication-competent oncolytic adenovirus, obp-301 (telomelysin), in which human telomerase reverse transcriptase (htert) promoter drives e1 genes. obp-301 is currently being used in a phase-i clinical trial for various types of tumors. under such conditions, anti-adenoviral agents should be available for safety use against obp-301 since any adenoviral viremia could cause severe adverse effects. cidofovir (cdv) is an acyclic nucleoside phosphonate that has a broad antiviral act ... | 2009 | 18754077 |
| pathological and phylogenetic features of prevalent canine distemper viruses in wild masked palm civets in japan. | ten wild masked palm civets infected with canine distemper virus (cdv), captured in japan from 2005 to 2007, were histopathologically and phylogenetically analyzed. phylogenetic analysis based on the amino acid sequences of the h protein of two cdv isolates from masked palm civets revealed that the two isolates were classified into the clade of recent isolates in japan. histopathologically marked lesions of virus encephalitis were present in the brain, whereas gastrointestinal lesions were absen ... | 2009 | 18774607 |
| aleutian disease serology, protein electrophoresis, and pathology of the european mink (mustela lutreola) from navarra, spain. | the european mink, mustela lutreola, has suffered a dramatic decline in europe during the 20th century and is one of the most endangered carnivores in the world. the subpopulation of european mink from navarra, spain, estimated to number approximately 420, represents approximately two thirds of the total number of mink in spain. aleutian disease virus (adv) is a parvovirus with a high degree of variability that can infect a broad range of mustelid hosts. the pathogenesis of this virus in small c ... | 2008 | 18816991 |
| [genetic variations and cellular receptors of canine distemper virus--a review]. | canine distemper (cd) caused by canine distemper virus (cdv) was first reported in 1905, and has been one of the most serious contagious diseases of dogs as well as other carnivores. recently, increasing cases of canine distemper (cd) both in vaccinated and unvaccinated dogs and in wildlife have been reported in japan, america, europe and africa. based on phylogenetic analysis of the hemagglutinin (h) gene sequences, six genotypes of cdv were distinguished. antigenic heterogeneity of the h prote ... | 2008 | 18837382 |
| identification, expression and antigenic analysis of recombinant hemagglutinin proteins of canine distemper virus. | canine distemper (cd) is a widely distributed disease of dogs, caused by the canine distemper virus (cdv). in the present study, the gene encoding the hemagglutinin (h) protein of a cdv isolate from central taiwan was sequenced and compared with other strains. sequence variations were noticed in the h gene from the field cdv strain that had previously been implicated in the increasing incidence of cd. to establish a serology-based diagnostic test, the full-length h protein, as well as five delet ... | 2009 | 18951919 |
| serologic survey for selected viral pathogens in free-ranging endangered european mink (mustela lutreola) and other mustelids from south-western france. | to investigate the possible role of selected pathogens in the decline of endangered european mink (mustela lutreola) populations and the potential for these pathogens to affect mink survival, a serologic survey was conducted using serum samples collected from march 1996 to march 2003 in eight departments of south-western france. in total, 481 free-ranging individuals of five mustelid species (including the european mink) were tested. sympatric mustelids can serve as sentinels to determine the pr ... | 2008 | 18957635 |
| anti-insulin antibodies in diabetic dogs before and after treatment with different insulin preparations. | anti-insulin antibodies (aia) occur in diabetic dogs after insulin therapy, although their clinical significance is unclear. | 2008 | 18976287 |
| the identification of frequent variations in the fusion protein of canine distemper virus. | canine distemper (cd) is a highly contagious disease with a worldwide distribution. genetic diversity in genes encoding the haemagglutinin (h) and fusion (f) virus envelope proteins have been implicated in the increasing incidence of cd. unlike the h gene, little is known about the genetic variability of the f gene in this virus. in the present study sequence analysis of the complete coding region of the f protein from cd virus isolates from taiwan were carried out. phylogenetic analysis demonst ... | 2010 | 19010700 |
| pathogenesis and immunopathology of systemic and nervous canine distemper. | canine distemper is a worldwide occurring infectious disease of dogs, caused by a morbillivirus, closely related to measles and rinderpest virus. the natural host range comprises predominantly carnivores. canine distemper virus (cdv), an enveloped, negative-sense rna virus, infects different cell types, including epithelial, mesenchymal, neuroendocrine and hematopoietic cells of various organs and tissues. cdv infection of dogs is characterized by a systemic and/or nervous clinical course and vi ... | 2009 | 19019458 |
| host-virus specificity of morbilliviruses predicted by structural modeling of the marine mammal slam, a receptor. | signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (slam) is thought to be a major cellular receptor for high-host specificity morbilliviruses, which cause devastating and highly infectious diseases in mammals. we determined the sequences of slam cdna from five species of marine mammal, including two cetaceans, two pinnipeds and one sirenian, and generated three-dimensional models to understand the receptor-virus interaction. twenty-one amino acid residues in the immunoglobulin-like v domains of the slams ... | 2010 | 19027953 |
| multi-host pathogens and carnivore management in southern africa. | a retrospective serosurvey of multi-host feline and canine viruses among carnivore species in southern africa (n=1018) identified widespread pathogen exposure even in remote protected areas. in contrast to mortality experienced in east african predators, canine distemper virus (cdv) infection among african wild dogs (lycaon pictus) in botswana was not associated with identifiable change in pup survivorship or disease related mortality of adults. a disease outbreak of unknown aetiology occurred i ... | 2010 | 19038454 |
| in vitro characterization and preferential infection by canine distemper virus of glial precursors with schwann cell characteristics from adult canine brain. | canine distemper virus (cdv)-induced demyelinating leukoencephalomyelitis is a naturally occurring model for multiple sclerosis. the aim of this study was to establish primary glial cell cultures from adult canine brain for the analysis of cdv spread and cell tropism. | 2008 | 19076697 |
| real-time rt-pcr assays for the rapid and differential detection of dolphin and porpoise morbilliviruses. | real-time rt-pcr (rtrt-pcr) assays for identifying and differentiating infections caused by dolphin morbillivirus (dmv) and porpoise morbillivirus (pmv) were developed by targeting the hypervariable c-terminal domain of the nucleocapsid (n) gene. total dmv and pmv rna extracted from infected vero cells expressing the canine signaling lymphocyte-activation molecule (slam) produced positive cycle threshold (c(t)) values after the 17th and 25th cycles, respectively. the assays were then validated u ... | 2009 | 19084557 |
| antibody titers against canine distemper virus in unvaccinated rural dogs from ahvaz, iran. | the purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of antibodies to canine distemper virus (cdv) in unvaccinated rural dogs without known immunization status and to assess risk factors for infection by means of indirect immunofluorescent assay (ifa), in ahvaz district, southwest of iran. serum samples were randomly collected from 97 healthy dogs 6 months and older from villages around ahvaz city between 2004 and 2005. dogs were grouped by age and sex to determine whether these factors were ... | 2007 | 19090267 |
| diagnostic exercise: tyzzer's disease, distemper, and coccidiosis in a pup. | a 2-month-old mongrel dog had multifocal necrotizing hepatitis, interstitial pneumonia, and hemorrhagic enteritis. immunohistochemistry detected antigens of clostridium piliforme in the intestine and liver, and antigens of canine distemper virus within the lung, urinary bladder, brain, spleen, and liver. furthermore, uncharacterized intralesional coccidian protozoa were observed within the intestine. | 2009 | 19112129 |
| increase of pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in non-demyelinating early cerebral lesions in nervous canine distemper. | canine distemper virus (cdv) infection of the central nervous system results in lesions of the gray and white matter. while a biphasic disease process has been discussed for leukoencephalitis with a prominent loss of viral protein expression, polioencephalitis has been associated with virus persistence. using semi-quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr), expression of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (il)-1beta, il-2, il-6, il-8, il-10, il-12 ... | 2008 | 19115929 |
| [comparison of antiviral activity between feifn-omega and feifn-alpha]. | both ifn-omega and ifn-alpha belong to type i interferon and have antiviral, antiproliferative, immunomodulatory activities, but their bioactivities are usually different. feifn-omega gene was amplified by pcr. feifn-alpha gene was synthesized based on the published sequences of genbank. then the two types of feline interferon genes were subcloned into the pet-his vector, and expressed in escherichia coli rosetta (de3). recombinant interferons were purified by affinity chromatography with immobi ... | 2008 | 19160837 |
| cross-disciplinary demands of multihost pathogens. | the dynamics of infectious disease spread depend on host population contact structure. heterogeneities in this contact structure can arise from various forms of demographic and spatial phenomena. craft et al. (this issue) have constructed an exploratory simulation model of the spread of canine distemper virus through a multispecies carnivore community. each species in this community is modelled with a contact structure reflecting host social organization, ranging behaviour, and likely interspeci ... | 2008 | 19161447 |
| ferrets as a model for morbillivirus pathogenesis, complications, and vaccines. | the ferret is a standard laboratory animal that can be accommodated in most animal facilities. while not susceptible to measles, ferrets are a natural host of canine distemper virus (cdv), the closely related carnivore morbillivirus. cdv infection in ferrets reproduces all clinical signs associated with measles in humans, including the typical rash, fever, general immunosuppression, gastrointestinal and respiratory involvement, and neurological complications. due to this similarity, experimental ... | 2009 | 19203105 |
| serologic survey for canine distemper virus and canine parvovirus in free-ranging wild carnivores from portugal. | a serologic survey for canine distemper virus (cdv) and canine parvovirus (cpv) was performed on serum and lung extract from an opportunistic sample of 120 free-ranging wild carnivores (13 species) from portugal, collected from 1995 to 2006. antibodies to cdv were detected in wolf (canis lupus; 3/27) and red fox (vulpes vulpes; 2/22). antibodies to cpv were detected in wolf (9/28), red fox (2/14), wildcat (felis silvestris;1/8), genet (genetta genetta; 17/18), and stone marten (martes foina; 3/1 ... | 2009 | 19204354 |
| the 3'-to-5' exonuclease activity of vaccinia virus dna polymerase is essential and plays a role in promoting virus genetic recombination. | poxviruses are subjected to extraordinarily high levels of genetic recombination during infection, although the enzymes catalyzing these reactions have never been identified. however, it is clear that virus-encoded dna polymerases play some unknown yet critical role in virus recombination. using a novel, antiviral-drug-based strategy to dissect recombination and replication reactions, we now show that the 3'-to-5' proofreading exonuclease activity of the viral dna polymerase plays a key role in ... | 2009 | 19224992 |
| first evidence of canine distemper in brazilian free-ranging felids. | serum samples from 19 jaguars (panthera onca), nine pumas (puma concolor), and two ocelots (leopardus pardalis) were collected between january 1999 and march of 2005 and tested for presence of canine distemper virus (cdv). all cats were free-ranging animals living in two protected areas in the brazilian atlantic forest. in addition, 111 domestic dogs from nearby areas were sampled for cdv. our results show the first evidence of cdv exposure in brazilian free-ranging felids. from the 30 samples a ... | 2009 | 19259737 |
| first isolation and characterization of canine distemper virus in vietnam with the immunohistochemical examination of the dog. | canine distemper caused by canine distemper virus (cdv) is a contagious, incurable, often fatal, multisystemic viral disease that affects the respiratory gastrointestinal and central nervous system. strains vn86 and vn99 of cdv were isolated, we believe for the first time, in vietnam from two 4-month-old autopsied dogs pathologically showing non-suppurative encephalitis with pneumonia, lymphoid depletion and severe gastroenteritis. these strains caused syncytium cytopathic effect in vero cells a ... | 2009 | 19262025 |
| drug targets in cytomegalovirus infection. | human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) infections are usually benign and self-limiting in the immunocompetent population; however, hcmv is a well-recognized problem among immunocompromised patients (in particular immunosuppressed patients with stem cell or solid organ transplantation, aids, or cancer). in this group of patients, hcmv infections are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. additionally, congenital hcmv infections are a leading cause of birth defects and infections in children, occur ... | 2009 | 19275707 |
| distinguishing epidemic waves from disease spillover in a wildlife population. | serengeti lions frequently experience viral outbreaks. in 1994, one-third of serengeti lions died from canine distemper virus (cdv). based on the limited epidemiological data available from this period, it has been unclear whether the 1994 outbreak was propagated by lion-to-lion transmission alone or involved multiple introductions from other sympatric carnivore species. more broadly, we do not know whether contacts between lions allow any pathogen with a relatively short infectious period to pe ... | 2009 | 19324800 |
| canine distemper virus selectively inhibits apoptosis progression in infected immune cells. | morbillivirus infections are characterized by severe leukopenia and immune suppression that develop even before the onset of clinical signs. to characterize in more detail the fate of the immune cells during the critical first week, we evaluated the overall viability, level of apoptosis, cell cycle status, and extent of infection in different immune tissues of ferrets inoculated with a lethal canine distemper virus (cdv) strain. initial experiments with mdck cells, a canine epithelial cell line, ... | 2009 | 19357171 |
| reverse genetics of nipah virus to probe viral pathogenicity. | enhanced green fluorescent protein (egfp) is a useful marker protein which enables the tracing of virus infection. recombinant viruses expressing egfp are useful for the investigation of the underlying mechanism of viral infection in vitro and in vivo. using egfp-expressing recombinant nipah virus (niv) and canine distemper virus (cdv), we tested the susceptibility of a variety of cells to infection. receptor usage in cdv infection was also investigated. | 2009 | 19378121 |
| a suspected canine distemper epidemic as the cause of a catastrophic decline in santa catalina island foxes (urocyon littoralis catalinae). | the island fox (urocyon littoralis catalinae) population on santa catalina island, california, usa declined precipitously in 1999 with an approximate 95% reduction on their eastern range, an area representing 87% of the island. during this investigation, between october 1999 and april 2000, evidence of live foxes dramatically decreased. the only carcass recovered during the decline succumbed to a co-infection of canine distemper virus (cdv) and toxoplasmosis. sequence analysis of the viral p gen ... | 2009 | 19395743 |
| canine distemper virus in a crab-eating fox (cerdocyon thous) in brazil: case report and phylogenetic analyses. | although canine distemper is enzootic worldwide and has a wide host range, there are no reports of canine distemper virus in crab-eating foxes (cerdocyon thous) that provide information on virus phylogeny and histopathologic lesions. the objective of this study is report and describe canine distemper in a crab-eating fox (c. thous), with a focus on the phylogeny of the virus strain and the histopathologic lesions in the animal. | 2009 | 19395766 |
| serologic survey for selected infectious diseases in raccoons (procyon lotor) in indiana, usa. | the objective of this study was to characterize the antibody prevalence of important livestock and domestic animal pathogens in raccoons (procyon lotor) trapped and sampled in 39 forest patches in north-central indiana, usa, between 2004 and 2005. a total of 459 serum samples were tested for antibodies to leptospira serovars, 512 for canine distemper virus (cdv) antibodies, and 340 for antibodies to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv). in total, 47, 16, and 0% of the samp ... | 2009 | 19395767 |
| imaging diagnosis--chronic canine distemper meningoencephalitis. | | 2009 | 19400465 |
| genetic diversity and phylogenetic analysis of the attachment glycoprotein of phocine distemper viruses of the 2002 and 1988 epizootics. | to investigate the possible origin and spread of the dramatic re-emergent 2002 distemper epizootic observed among seals in danish waters, we have sequenced wild-type genes of the attachment (h) glycoproteins of viruses from both the 2002 and 1988 epizootics. phylogenetic analysis of the h genes of phocine distemper virus (pdv) together with other morbilliviruses, suggests that the re-emergent 2002 pdv is more closely related to a putative recent ancestral pdv than the 1988 pdv isolates. moreover ... | 2009 | 19416744 |
| relationship between growth behavior in vero cells and the molecular characteristics of recent isolated classified in the asia 1 and 2 groups of canine distemper virus. | ten recent isolates of canine distemper virus (cdv) strains were classified according to the growth ability and development of syncytial cytopathic effects (cpe) in vero cells. strains p94s, ac96i, s124c, md231, ms232, msa5 and 095cr were classified as type 1 and exhibited hardly and did not develop cpe in vero cells. strains 007lm, 009l and 011c were classified as type 2 as grew well but failed to develop a syncytial cpe in vero cells. a comparison of the phylogenetic trees of the h and p genes ... | 2009 | 19420849 |
| distinct cell tropism of canine distemper virus strains to adult olfactory ensheathing cells and schwann cells in vitro. | canine distemper virus (cdv) can enter the brain via infection of olfactory neurons. whether olfactory ensheathing cells (oecs) are also infected by cdv, and if yes, how they respond to the virus has remained enigmatic. here, we exposed adult canine oecs in vitro to several attenuated (cdv-2544, cdv-r252, cdv-ond, cdv-ondegfp) and one virulent cdv strain (cdv-5804pegfp) and studied their susceptibility compared to schwann cells, a closely related cell type sharing the phagocytizing activity. we ... | 2009 | 19433119 |
| in vitro analysis of cidofovir and genetically engineered tk expression as potential approaches for the intervention of coload1-based treatment of cancer. | we have generated a novel oncolytic adenovirus (ad), coload1, with significantly increased potency ( approximately 100-fold) relative to its parent viruses, ad11p and ad3, or to the clinically tested oncolytic ad, onyx-015. although this agent has a significant increase in its therapeutic window relative to onyx-015 or its parent viruses, its ability to intervene and control virotherapy in treated patient is an important safety consideration for a novel biological therapy, such as coload1. as th ... | 2009 | 19458647 |
| lymphotropism and host responses during acute wild-type canine distemper virus infections in a highly susceptible natural host. | the mechanisms behind the in vivo virulence of immunosuppressive wild-type morbillivirus infections are still not fully understood. to investigate lymphotropism and host responses, we have selected the natural host model of canine distemper virus (cdv) infection in mink. this model displays multisystemic infection, similar to measles virus and rinderpest virus infections in their susceptible natural hosts. the wild-type cdvs investigated provoked marked virulence differences, inducing mild versu ... | 2009 | 19494053 |
| humoral and cell-mediated immune responses in dna immunized mink challenged with wild-type canine distemper virus. | the aim of the study was to investigate the different phases of the immune response after dna immunization with the hemagglutinin and nucleoprotein genes from canine distemper virus (cdv). although attenuated live cdv vaccines have effectively reduced the incidence of disease, canine distemper is still a problem worldwide. the broad host range of cdv creates a constant viral reservoir among wildlife animals. our results demonstrated early humoral and cell-mediated immune responses (ifn-gamma) in ... | 2009 | 19539579 |
| a chimeric measles virus with canine distemper envelope protects ferrets from lethal distemper challenge. | cdv infects a broad range of carnivores, and over the past decades it has caused outbreaks in a variety of wild carnivore populations. since the currently available live-attenuated vaccine is not sufficiently safe in these highly susceptible species, we produced a chimeric virus combining the replication complex of the measles moraten vaccine strain with the envelope of a recent cdv wild type isolate. the resulting virus did not cause disease or immunosuppression in ferrets and conferred protect ... | 2009 | 19540272 |
| early life dna vaccination with the h gene of canine distemper virus induces robust protection against distemper. | young mink kits (n=8) were vaccinated with dna plasmids encoding the viral haemagglutinin protein (h) of a vaccine strain of canine distemper virus (cdv). virus neutralising (vn) antibodies were induced after 2 immunisations and after the third immunisation all kits had high vn antibody titres. the vn antibody titres remained high for more than 4 months and the mink were protected against viraemia, lymphopenia, clinical disease and changes in the percentage of ifn-gamma producing peripheral bloo ... | 2009 | 19596418 |
| conjunctival effects of canine distemper virus-induced keratoconjunctivitis sicca. | this study compared the histopathology of canine distemper virus (cdv)-induced keratoconjunctivitis sicca (kcs) to non-infectious kcs in conjunctival tissues. | 2009 | 19604335 |
| canine distemper virus-associated encephalitis in free-living lynx (lynx canadensis) and bobcats (lynx rufus) of eastern canada. | between 1993 and 1999, encephalitis caused by morbillivirus was diagnosed by immunohistochemistry and histology in six lynx (lynx canadensis) and one bobcat (lynx rufus) in the eastern canadian provinces of new brunswick and nova scotia. five of the six cases in lynx occurred within an 11-mo period in 1996-97. a second bobcat with encephalitis caused by unidentified protozoa and a nematode larva also had immunohistochemical evidence of neurologic infection by morbillivirus. the virus was identif ... | 2009 | 19617471 |
| hematology, parasitology, and serology of free-ranging coyotes (canis latrans) from south carolina. | blood and feces were collected from 34 adult (19 males, 15 females) and seven juvenile (three males, one female, three not reported) free-ranging coyotes (canis latrans) on the us department of energy's savannah river site (south carolina, usa). significant (p<0.05) hematologic differences by sex were noted for red blood cell counts, hemoglobin, and hematocrit. biochemical differences by sex occurred only for albumen (p<0.05). twenty-one adults were antibody positive for at least one of four vir ... | 2009 | 19617502 |
| phylogenetic analysis of the haemagglutinin gene of canine distemper virus strains detected from breeding foxes, raccoon dogs and minks in china. | canine distemper virus (cdv) infects a variety of carnivores, including wild and domestic canidae. genetic/antigenic heterogeneity has been observed among the various cdv strains, notably in the haemagglutinin (h) gene, that appears as a good target to gather epidemiological information. based on sequence analysis of the h gene, wild-type cdv strains cluster into distinct geographic lineages (genotypes), irrespective of the species of isolation. the sequence of the h gene of 28 cdv strains detec ... | 2010 | 19647380 |
| tetraspanins: small transmembrane proteins with big impact on membrane microdomain structures. | members of the tetraspanin family of transmembrane proteins including cd9, cd37, cd53, cd63, cd81, cd82, cd151, etc., contribute to the structural organization of the plasma membrane by forming microdomain structures, influencing cell fusion and regulating cell motility. interestingly, k41, a cd9-specific monoclonal antibody (mab), inhibits the release of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv-1), and the canine distemper virus (cdv)-, but not measles virus (mv)-induced cell-cell fusion. this mab, wh ... | 2008 | 19704780 |
| conserved leucine residue in the head region of morbillivirus fusion protein regulates the large conformational change during fusion activity. | paramyxovirus cell entry is controlled by the concerted action of two viral envelope glycoproteins, the fusion (f) and the receptor-binding (h) proteins, which together with a cell surface receptor mediate plasma membrane fusion activity. the paramyxovirus f protein belongs to class i viral fusion proteins which typically contain two heptad repeat regions (hr). particular to paramyxovirus f proteins is a long intervening sequence (is) located between both hr domains. to investigate the role of t ... | 2009 | 19705836 |
| cidofovir inhibits genome encapsidation and affects morphogenesis during the replication of vaccinia virus. | cidofovir (cdv) is one of the most effective antiorthopoxvirus drugs, and it is widely accepted that viral dna replication is the main target of its activity. in the present study, we report a detailed analysis of cdv effects on the replicative cycles of distinct vaccinia virus (vacv) strains: cantagalo virus, vacv-ioc, and vacv-wr. we show that despite the approximately 90% inhibition of production of virus progeny, virus dna accumulation was reduced only 30%, and late gene expression and genom ... | 2009 | 19726515 |
| molecular detection of canine distemper virus and the immunohistochemical characterization of the neurologic lesions in naturally occurring old dog encephalitis. | the current article describes a spontaneous case of old dog encephalitis (ode) in a 7-year-old, intact, female miniature schnauzer dog from londrina, paraná, southern brazil. unlike conventional distemper encephalomyelitis, ode is a poorly understood and extremely rare manifestation of canine distemper virus (cdv) infection. the dog was presented with progressive clinical manifestations consistent with cerebral dysfunction. briefly, histopathologic lesions were restricted to the forebrain and in ... | 2009 | 19737753 |
| a serological survey of infectious disease in yellowstone national park's canid community. | gray wolves (canis lupus) were reintroduced into yellowstone national park (ynp) after a >70 year absence, and as part of recovery efforts, the population has been closely monitored. in 1999 and 2005, pup survival was significantly reduced, suggestive of disease outbreaks. | 2009 | 19756151 |
| antiviral efficacy of eicar against canine distemper virus (cdv) in vitro. | canine distemper virus (cdv) is a highly contagious pathogen of carnivores. in dogs, the disease is characterized by high lethality rates and no specific antiviral therapy is available. the aim of this study was to verify the in vitro antiviral activity of the 5-ethynyl-1-beta-d-ribofuranosylimidazole-4-carboxamide (eicar) and to compare it with the 1-(beta-d-ribofuranosyl)-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide (ribavirin, rbv). eicar was more active than rbv against cdv replication, while both molecules ... | 2010 | 19781726 |
| appearance of granulated cells in blood films stained by automated aqueous versus methanolic romanowsky methods. | romanowsky stains are used routinely by veterinary clinical pathology laboratories for cytologic and blood film evaluations. automated stainers are available for both aqueous and methanolic romanowsky stains. mast cell granules and canine distemper virus inclusions are known to stain differently by these 2 methods, but we have noticed differences in the staining characteristics of other granulated cells. | 2010 | 19793228 |
| the asia 2 specific signal peptide region and other domains in fusion protein genes characterized asia 1 and asia 2 canine distemper viruses. | although the presence of asia 2 group of canine distemper virus (cdv) was known by the sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of hemagglutinin (h) gene, the fusion (f) protein gene sequence of asia 2 group had not been identified. so, the sequence analysis of f gene was carried out to elucidate the genotypic varaitons among asian isolates. | 2009 | 19807927 |
| display of neutralizing epitopes of canine parvovirus and a t-cell epitope of the fusion protein of canine distemper virus on chimeric tymovirus-like particles and its use as a vaccine candidate both against canine parvo and canine distemper. | expression of physalis mottle tymovirus coat protein in escherichia coli was earlier shown to self-assemble into empty capsids that were nearly identical to the capsids formed in vivo. amino acid substitutions were made at the n-terminus of wild-type physalis mottle virus coat protein with neutralizing epitopes of canine parvovirus containing the antigenic sites 1-2, 4 and 6-7 and t-cell epitope of the fusion protein of canine distemper virus in various combinations to yield phmv1, phmv2, phmv3, ... | 2009 | 19818723 |
| virologic survey of dogs with naturally acquired idiopathic conjunctivitis. | to determine the frequency of viral detection in conjunctival samples from client-owned domestic dogs with naturally acquired idiopathic conjunctivitis and to identify signalment, historical, and clinical findings positively associated with viral detection. | 2009 | 19827980 |
| propagation of asian isolates of canine distemper virus (cdv) in hamster cell lines. | the aim of this study was to confirm the propagation of various canine distemper viruses (cdv) in hamster cell lines of hmlu and bhk, since only a little is known about the possibility of propagation of cdv in rodent cells irrespective of their epidemiological importance. | 2009 | 19835588 |
| natural infection with canine distemper virus in hand-feeding rhesus monkeys in china. | an outbreak of canine distemper virus (cdv) in hand-feeding rhesus monkeys in china was reported. twenty rhesus monkeys presented blood and mucus in feces, respiratory symptoms, anorexia, acute fever, thicken of footpad and red rashes in the faces over 1-month period. cdv infection was identified by characteristic clinical signs, the specific detection of the bit rapid color cdv detection kit, electron microscopy and the results of sequence aligning. a phylogenetic analysis further confirmed tha ... | 2010 | 19837522 |
| the synergism of human influenza and canine distemper viruses in ferrets. | the infections produced in ferrets by human influenza virus and canine distemper virus were studied. cross immunity and cross neutralization tests showed that these two viruses were not related antigenically. ferrets infected with influenza virus alone rapidly produced considerable quantities of neutralizing antibodies, and after the 6th day virus was not demonstrable in their lungs. ferrets infected with both influenza and distemper viruses simultaneously produced but small amounts of neutraliz ... | 1940 | 19871021 |
| a complex vaccine against influenza a virus : quantitative analysis of the antibody response produced in man. | a quantitative study of the antigenicity of various vaccines containing influenza a virus has been made in human beings. a complex vaccine prepared from chick embryos inoculated with both influenza a virus and the x strain of canine distemper virus was found to be more effective than other vaccines in stimulating the production of neutralizing antibodies against the former virus. the increased antibody levels which resulted from the administration of this vaccine remained almost unaltered for at ... | 1941 | 19871082 |
| viral obesity: fact or fiction? | the aetiology of obesity is multifactorial. an understanding of the contributions of various causal factors is essential for the proper management of obesity. although it is primarily thought of as a condition brought on by lifestyle choices, recent evidence shows there is a link between obesity and viral infections. numerous animal models have documented an increased body weight and a number of physiologic changes, including increased insulin sensitivity, increased glucose uptake and decreased ... | 2010 | 19874530 |
| in vitro cytokine responses of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy dogs to distemper virus, malassezia and toxocara. | naïve cd4+ t cells may differentiate into a number of subsets including t helper 1 (th1) th2, th3, th17 and t regulatory (treg) cells depending on the type of antigen they encounter. these cd4+ families have been defined based on the array of cytokines they produce and the effects they have on adaptive immune responses. cd4+ subsets are cross regulatory and at times cooperative. the study of these adaptive immune modulators has revealed the important role that cytokines play in mounting effectiv ... | 2010 | 19880197 |
| broadly reactive pan-paramyxovirus reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and sequence analysis for the detection of canine distemper virus in a case of canine meningoencephalitis of unknown etiology. | despite the immunologic protection associated with routine vaccination protocols, canine distemper virus (cdv) remains an important pathogen of dogs. antemortem diagnosis of systemic cdv infection may be made by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) and/or immunohistochemical testing for cdv antigen; central nervous system infection often requires postmortem confirmation via histopathology and immunohistochemistry. an 8-month-old intact male french bulldog previously vaccinate ... | 2009 | 19901287 |
| epidemiology, pathology, and genetic analysis of a canine distemper epidemic in namibia. | severe population declines have resulted from the spillover of canine distemper virus (cdv) into susceptible wildlife, with both domestic and wild canids being involved in the maintenance and transmission of the virus. this study (march 2001 to october 2003) collated case data, serologic, pathologic, and molecular data to describe the spillover of cdv from domestic dogs (canis familiaris) to black-backed jackals (canis mesomelas) during an epidemic on the namibian coast. antibody prevalence in j ... | 2009 | 19901377 |
| canine distemper epizootic in everglades mink. | four free-ranging mink, neovison vison, collected between june and september 2004 in the fakahatchee strand preserve state park (fspsp, florida, usa), were examined for canine distemper virus (cdv) infection. microscopic lesions and viral inclusions consistent with cdv infection were observed in three mink. virus isolation and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction performed on all mink were positive for cdv. anecdotal records of mink observations in fspsp suggest a postepizootic declin ... | 2009 | 19901388 |
| canine distemper infection in crab-eating fox (cerdocyon thous) from argentina. | canine distemper virus (cdv) has been reported worldwide in wild carnivores and has been cited as the cause of population declines in some species. crab-eating foxes (cerdocyon thous) from el palmar national park, argentina, were observed either dead or exhibiting clinical neurologic signs. samples were taken from two individuals that were laterfound tobe positive for cdv by direct immunofluorescence in brain tissue. based on molecular studies, the cdv strain had a high percentage of identity co ... | 2009 | 19901389 |
| serosurvey of selected viruses in captive giant pandas (ailuropoda melanoleuca) in china. | serum samples from 92 giant pandas in three captive facilities were tested for antibodies against five viruses of carnivores. antibody titers against canine distemper virus (cdv) in two facilities in which giant pandas were vaccinated were variable. the canine adenovirus (cav-1) and canine parvovirus (cpv) titers in vaccinated group were both positive, but titers were not high and varied among individual except one vaccinated panda had extremely high cav-1 titer, indicating infection with the fi ... | 2010 | 19913371 |
| controversial results of the genetic analysis of a canine distemper vaccine strain. | canine distemper (cd) is a highly contagious, often fatal, multisystemic viral disease of receptive carnivores. the presence of a psii cleavage site on a specific location of the hemagglutinin (h) gene was found to be a hallmark of vaccine strains, thus, a previously published restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) test using psii theoretically allows the distinction between all currently used vaccine strains and virulent field strains. the rflp test was carried out on all brands of cd ... | 2010 | 19931324 |
| epitope mapping of canine distemper virus phosphoprotein by monoclonal antibodies. | the gene for phosphoprotein (p) of cdv encodes three different proteins, p, v, and c. the p protein is involved in viral gene transcription and replication. in the present study, we produced mabs against a unique domain of the cdv-p protein, from aa 232 to 507, and determined their antigenic sites. by immunizing balb/c mice with the recombinant p protein-specific fragment, we obtained six mabs. competitive binding inhibition assays revealed that they recognized two distinct regions of the p prot ... | 2009 | 19954454 |
| seroprevalences to viral pathogens in free-ranging and captive cheetahs (acinonyx jubatus) on namibian farmland. | cheetah populations are diminishing rapidly in their natural habitat. one reason for their decline is thought to be a high susceptibility to (infectious) diseases because cheetahs in zoos suffer from high disease-induced mortality. data on the health status of free-ranging cheetahs are scarce, and little is known about their exposure and susceptibility to infectious diseases. we determined seroprevalences to nine key viruses (feline herpesvirus 1, feline calicivirus, feline parvovirus, feline co ... | 2010 | 19955325 |
| age and long-term protective immunity in dogs and cats. | vaccination can provide an immune response that is similar in duration to that following a natural infection. in general, adaptive immunity to viruses develops earliest and is highly effective. such anti-viral immune responses often result in the development of sterile immunity and the duration of immunity (doi) is often lifelong. in contrast, adaptive immunity to bacteria, fungi or parasites develops more slowly and the doi is generally short compared with most systemic viral infections. steril ... | 2010 | 19959181 |
| expression from baculovirus and serological reactivity of the nucleocapsid protein of dolphin morbillivirus. | the nucleocapsid (n) protein of dolphin morbillivirus (dmv) was expressed from a baculovirus (autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus) vector and shown by sds-page and western blot analysis to be about 57 kda. transmission electron microscopy revealed fully assembled nucleocapsid-like particles (nlps) exhibiting the typical helical herringbone morphology. these nlps were approximately 20-22 nm in diameter and varied in length from 50 to 100 nm. purified dmv-n protein was used as antige ... | 2010 | 20005643 |
| acute canine distemper encephalitis is associated with rapid neuronal loss and local immune activation. | for most virus infections of the central nervous system (cns), immune-mediated damage, the route of inoculation and death of infected cells all contribute to the pathology observed. to investigate the role of these factors in early canine distemper neuropathogenesis, we infected ferrets either intranasally or intraperitoneally with the neurovirulent canine distemper virus strain snyder hill. regardless of the route of inoculation, the virus primarily targeted the olfactory bulb, brainstem, hippo ... | 2010 | 20016033 |
| late-onset hemorrhagic cystitis in children after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for thalassemia and sickle cell anemia: a prospective evaluation of polyoma (bk) virus infection and treatment with cidofovir. | little is known about late-onset hemorrhagic cystitis (hc) in children, its relationship to bk virus, and treatment with cidofovir (cdv) following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (hsct). we prospectively investigated bk virus reactivation in children who underwent hsct from a matched related donor for thalassemia or sickle cell anemia following busulfan-cyclophosphamide-based conditioning regimens and analyzed risk factors for development of hc and its treatment with cdv. grade 2-4 hc oc ... | 2010 | 20026413 |
| canine distemper viruses expressing a hemagglutinin without n-glycans lose virulence but retain immunosuppression. | paramyxovirus glycoproteins are posttranslationally modified by the addition of n-linked glycans, which are often necessary for correct folding, processing, and cell surface expression. to establish the contribution of n glycosylation to morbillivirus attachment (h) protein function and overall virulence, we first determined the use of the potential n-glycosylation sites in the canine distemper virus (cdv) h proteins. biochemical characterization revealed that the three sites conserved in all st ... | 2010 | 20042514 |
| detection of antibody to canine distemper virus in wild raccoons (procyon lotor) in japan. | canine distemper virus (cdv) causes a lethal disease among members of the carnivora. to clarify the distribution of cdv in wild animals, we examined 106 raccoon sera collected from two prefectures in japan, hyogo and osaka, from 2005 to 2007. among them, 34 raccoons (32.1%) possessed a virus-neutralizing (vn) antibody to kdk-1 strain (genotype asia-1). there was no significant difference in seroprevalence of cdv regardless of places, gender, and body weights. in hyogo, a geometric mean of vn tit ... | 2009 | 20046037 |
| phylogenetic analysis of the haemagglutinin gene of current wild-type canine distemper viruses from south africa: lineage africa. | there are no reports of cdv isolations in southern africa, and although cdv is said to have geographically distinct lineages, molecular information of african strains has not yet been documented. viruses isolated in cell cultures were subjected to reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr), and the complete h gene was sequenced and phylogenetically analysed with other strains from genbank. phylogenetic comparisons of the complete h gene of cdv isolates from different parts of the w ... | 2010 | 20060661 |
| canine distemper vaccination is a safe and useful preventive procedure for southern sea otters (enhydra lutra nereis). | from 2002 to 2006, eight captive southern sea otters (enhydra lutris nereis) at research and display institutions in california at risk of exposure to potentially lethal morbiliviruses were vaccinated with a commercial recombinant poxvirus vectored canine distemper (cd) vaccine. serum-neutralizing (sn) antibody responses were followed for several years. the goal of this study was to determine whether 1) cd vaccination was a safe preventive medicine procedure for this species; 2) sea otters produ ... | 2009 | 20063817 |
| canine distemper virus diversity in lake baikal seal (phoca sibirica) population. | morbillivirus epizootics in marine mammals have been found in a variety of marine mammal species throughout the world over the past 20 years. the virus epizootic which resulted in significant mortality of siberian seals (phoca sibirica) in lake baikal during 1987-1988 was caused by the canine distemper virus (cdv). in our previous papers we provided evidence that the cdv similar to strain, identified in 1988, continued to circulate in lake baikal seals after 1988. the aim of this study was an up ... | 2010 | 20083361 |
| emergence of canine distemper in bavarian wildlife associated with a specific amino acid exchange in the haemagglutinin protein. | a widespread, severe outbreak of canine distemper encephalitis was observed in wildlife in southern bavaria in the spring and summer of 2008. the haemagglutinin (ha) genes of six representative canine distemper virus (cdv) samples originating from five red foxes and one badger during this outbreak had a y549h amino acid substitution in the ha protein compared to sequences from two captive domesticated ferrets which succumbed to cdv in the same area 2 years earlier. as this specific substitution ... | 2011 | 20089424 |
| first identification of canine distemper virus in hoary fox (lycalopex vetulus): pathologic aspects and virus phylogeny. | canine distemper virus (cdv) has been reported in several wild animal species, but there have been no reports of cdv in hoary fox (lycalopex vetulus). this paper characterizes the first case of natural cdv infection in hoary fox, including the clinical and pathologic aspects of the disease as well as the viral strain phylogeny. | 2010 | 20090049 |
| demography of domestic dogs in rural and urban areas of the coquimbo region of chile and implications for disease transmission. | a cross-sectional household questionnaire survey was conducted along two transects (80 and 45km long) from coquimbo and ovalle cities to the fray jorge national park (fjnp) in the coquimbo region of chile in 2005-2007 to investigate the demography of dogs in the context of a study of canine infectious diseases. data were collected on the number of dogs per household, fecundity, mortality, and sex and age distribution. the results from 1021 households indicated that dog ownership was common, with ... | 2010 | 20096943 |