| variations (variants) of hog cholera virus. iv. comparative potencies of crystal-violet glycerol vaccines prepared from regular hog cholera virus and variant hog cholera virus. | | 1957 | 13394827 |
| the leech as a potential virus reservoir. | leeches, fed on swine infected with hog cholera, contained virus for as long as 87 days after their infective blood meals. in three instances, infected leeches apparently transmitted hog cholera virus to susceptible swine in the process of normal feeding. myxoma virus persisted in leeches for as long as 154 days after the ingestion of a blood meal from rabbits with myxomatosis. leeches fed consecutively, first on swine with hog cholera, and later on rabbits with myxomatosis, acquired both viruse ... | 1957 | 13416474 |
| in vitro propagation of hog cholera virus. i. method of cultivation and observation on color changes in the medium. | | 1957 | 13424929 |
| experimental investigations on current strains of hog cholera virus. | | 1957 | 13438776 |
| cytopathogenic effects of hog cholera virus on embryonic swine tissues in vitro. | | 1957 | 13444558 |
| the in vitro growth of hog cholera virus in cells of peripheral blood. | | 1957 | 13444562 |
| the swine lungworm as a reservoir and intermediate host for hog cholera virus. i. the provocation of masked hog cholera virus in lungworm-infested swine by ascaris larvae. | evidence that the swine lungworm can serve as reservoir and intermediate host for the hog cholera virus has been presented. the virus, however, is ordinarily carried in a masked form and must be provoked to pathogenicity by some stress before it can cause apparent disease. in the present experiments, ascaris larvae supplied the provocation needed to induce hog cholera in swine carrying lungworms infected with masked hog cholera virus. provocation of the masked virus by ascaris larvae was seasona ... | 1958 | 13525573 |
| the swine lungworm as a reservoir and intermediate host for hog cholera virus. ii. attempts to demonstrate the presence of hog cholera virus in lungworms derived from swine with cholera. | suspensions of adult lungworms, procured from swine that were outwardly healthy but derived from eggs passed by swine with hog cholera, induced this disease in a small proportion of swine into which they were injected intramuscularly. this result was achieved in both lungworm-free and lungworm-infested swine, though perhaps slightly more regularly in the lungworm-infested animals. swine that had had an intramuscular injection of lungworm suspension and that had remained normal, developed hog cho ... | 1958 | 13549648 |
| effects of ultraviolet radiation on hog cholera virus. | | 1958 | 13559601 |
| detection of hog cholera virus by its effect on newcastle disease virus in swine tissue culture. | | 1958 | 13568799 |
| the successful control of hog cholera virus leukopenia with hemophilus pertussis bacterin. | | 1958 | 13583379 |
| spontaneous excision of bac vector sequences from bacmid-derived baculovirus expression vectors upon passage in insect cells. | repeated baculovirus infections in cultured insect cells lead to the generation of defective interfering viruses (dis), which accumulate at the expense of the intact helper virus and compromise heterologous protein expression. in particular, autographa californica multicapsid nucleopolyhedovirus (acmnpv) dis are enriched in an origin of viral dna replication (ori) not associated with the homologous regions (hrs). this non-hr ori is located within the coding sequence of the non-essential p94 gene ... | 2003 | 13679600 |
| immunological studies on african swine fever virus. i. elimination of the procomplementary activity of swine serum with formalin. | | 1961 | 13696091 |
| propagation of hog cholera virus in tissue culture. | | 1960 | 13705338 |
| a new in vitro method (end) for detection and measurement of hog cholera virus and its antibody by means of effect of hc virus on newcastle disease virus in swine tissue culture. i. establishment of standard procedure. | | 1961 | 13755081 |
| cultivation of hog cholera virus in subculturable swine buffy coat cells. | | 1961 | 13762932 |
| a new in vitro method (end) for detection and measurement of hog cholera virus and its antibody by means of effect of hc virus on newcastle disease virus in swine tissue culture. ii. some characteristics of end method. | | 1961 | 13768332 |
| [comparison of 2 strains of hog cholera virus by means of interference with influenza virus in cell cultures]. | | 1960 | 13789470 |
| enhancement of infectivity of hog cholera virus. | | 1960 | 13811288 |
| the passage of hog cholera virus through cellulose dialysis membranes. | | 1960 | 13811289 |
| detection of hog cholera virus by a hemagglutination test. | | 1962 | 13910269 |
| relationship between hog cholera virus and virus diarrhea virus of cattle. | | 1962 | 13911585 |
| serologic and immunologic studies with african swine fever virus. | | 1963 | 13932609 |
| a hog cholera virus-fluorescent antibody system. its potential use in study of embryonic infection. | | 1963 | 13978737 |
| quantity production of leukocyte cultures for use in hemadsorption tests with african swine fever virus. | | 1963 | 13994659 |
| immunologic studies on african swine fever virus. ii. enhancing effect of normal bovine serum on the complement-fixation reaction. | | 1963 | 14023516 |
| demonstration of the swine-fever virus in tissue culture by immunofluorescence. | | 1963 | 14108402 |
| serological comparison with rabbit antisera of hog cholera virus and bovine virus diarrhea virus. | | 1963 | 14115270 |
| a new in vitro method (end) for detection and measurement of hog cholera virus and its antibody by means of effect of hc virus on newcastle disease virus in swine tissue culture. iii. end neutralization test. | | 1964 | 14141581 |
| attenuation of hog cholera virus by means of continuous cell-virus propagation (ccvp) method. | | 1964 | 14181225 |
| studies of the nucleic acid type and essential lipid content of hog cholera virus. | | 1964 | 14204818 |
| persistent infections of subculturable swine buffy coat cells with hog cholera virus. | | 1964 | 14266856 |
| immunology of newborn pigs: response to lapinized hog cholera virus in colostrum-deprived and suckling pigs. | | 1964 | 14266859 |
| propagation and modification of african swine fever virus in cell cultures. | | 1965 | 14266920 |
| a soluble precipitating antigen (hca) from hog cholera virus propagated in tissue culture. ii. incidence of hca-antibodies in sera of hog cholera-immune and nonimmune swine. | some conditions are presented under which swine develop antibodies for a soluble hog cholera viral antigen (hca). precipitating antibodies for hca were present in all of the immune and hyperimmune anti-hog cholera sera tested. antibodies for hca could not be detected in the sera from a large number of swine after vaccination with inactivated hog cholera virus. many of these same swine did produce hca-antibodies following challenge with virulent virus. the incidence of these antibodies was signif ... | 1965 | 14281075 |
| the role of the hippopotamus in the epizootiology of african swine fever (a survey of the incidence of african swine fever virus in hippopotami in queen elizabeth national park uganda). | | 1965 | 14286145 |
| hog cholera. ii. reliability of the agar double diffusion precipitation test for the differentiation of h.c. virus from other infectious agents in swine tissue. | the specificity in the agar diffusion precipitation test of the reaction between the antigen of hog cholera virus diffusing from infected tissues and its homologous antibody was verified. alternate freezing and thawing of infected tissues was found to give optimum release of the antigen from fresh tissue frozen for 18 hours. a study of the effect of the size and age of pigs upon the diffusion of the antigen from tissues showed that tissues from pigs of less than 250 lbs. gave good results provid ... | 1965 | 14290949 |
| attenuation of hog cholera virus by means of continuous cell-virus propagation (ccvp) method. ii. preparatory experiments on the attenuated strain as a live vaccine. | | 1964 | 14314767 |
| hog cholera. 3. investigation of the complement-fixation test for the detection of the virus in swine tissue. | the complement-fixation test was investigated as a means of detecting hog cholera virus in spleen from experimentally infected swine. various methods of extracting the tissue for production of antigen are described and emphasis is placed on the necessity of using the modified direct complement-fixation test to obtain reactions. the tissue should be obtained from animals showing advanced clinical manifestations of the disease. preferably, the tissue should be maintained frozen or at least well re ... | 1965 | 14318539 |
| the effect of viral and other infections of the dam on fetal development in swine. i. modified live hog cholera viruses; immunological, virological, and gross pathological studies. | | 1955 | 14353757 |
| propagation of hog cholera virus in tissue culture and its application to vaccine. i. propagation of the virus in tissue culture. | | 1960 | 14400295 |
| hemadsorption and cytopathic effect produced by african swine fever virus in swine bone marrow and buffy coat cultures. | | 1960 | 14420403 |
| an electron microscopic study of the cytopathologic changes in cells infected with hog cholera virus and grown in vitro. | | 1962 | 14463553 |
| propagation, modification, and hemadsorption of african swine fever virus in cell cultures. | | 1962 | 14469017 |
| detection of porcine teschoviruses and enteroviruses by lightcycler real-time pcr. | porcine picornaviruses comprising at least 23 serotypes grouped into six species were described as causative agents of neurological disorders, reproductive failure, and aphthae-like dermal lesions of swine. other viruses such as classical swine fever virus (csfv), african swine fever virus, pseudorabies virus (prv), vesicular stomatitis virus, vesicular exanthema virus, porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus, and porcine parvovirus (ppv) may cause diseases with similar clinical symp ... | 2003 | 14500127 |
| high-pressure freezing in the study of animal pathogens. | high-pressure freezing is applicable to both morphological and immunocytochemical studies. we are investigating the morphogenesis of foot-and-mouth disease virus and african swine fever virus by the use of high-pressure freezing of infected cells. foot-and-mouth disease virus particles are not detected in sections of conventionally immersion-fixed infected cells, but when the cells are prepared by high-pressure freezing, newly formed virions are readily seen throughout the cell. we report two me ... | 2003 | 14516363 |
| genetic typing of recent classical swine fever virus isolates from croatia. | during a period of 5 years (1997-2001) several outbreaks of classical swine fever (csf) were recorded in croatia. for genetic typing, fragments of 150 nucleotides within the 5'-non-translated region (5'-ntr) and 190 nucleotides within the e2 glycoprotein coding gene of nine field isolates that were derived from domestic pigs and wild boars were used. for better epizootiological understanding, isolates from other european countries were included in the study. the results show that the isolates be ... | 2003 | 14516705 |
| rna-dependent rna polymerase activity of classical swine fever virus ns5b protein expressed in natural host cells. | the ns5b gene, cloned from classical swine fever virus (csfv) genome, was expressed in porcine kidney cells pk-15, natural host of csfv. in purifying cytoplasmic extracts from these cells by means of different concentrations of salt, glycerol and detergent four fractions, namely crude supernatant (sc) and different purified supernatants (s1, s2 and s3) were obtained. using western blot analysis the ns5b protein was found in all these fractions, showing that it was soluble in both higher and lowe ... | 2003 | 14524473 |
| evaluation of the oral immunisation of wild boar against classical swine fever in baden-württemberg. | the oral immunisation of wild boar against classical swine fever (csf) in baden-württemberg is described and evaluated. the bait vaccine based on the csf virus (csfv) strain "c" proved to be safe in wild boar of all age classes. the modified immunisation procedure consisting of three double vaccinations per year was very effective. csfv was not detected beyond the second immunisation campaign. the average rate of seropositive wild boar diagnosed over all immunisation periods was 49.2%. the serop ... | 2003 | 14526465 |
| evaluation of the antiviral and antimicrobial activities of triterpenes isolated from euphorbia segetalis. | a phytochemical reinvestigation of the whole plant of euphorbia segetalis yielded five tetracyclic triterpenes: 3beta-hydroxy-cycloart-25-en-24-one (1), cycloart-25-ene-3beta,24-diol (2), cycloart-23-ene-3beta,25-diol (3), lanosta-7,9(11),24-trien-3beta-ol (4) and lanosta-7,9(11),24(31)-trien-3beta-ol (5). beta-acetoxy-cycloart-25-en-24-one (1a) and glutinol (6), lupenone (7), dammaranodienol (9), cycloartenol acetate (10), 24-methylenecycloartanol acetate (11) and beta-sitosterol (12), isolated ... | 2003 | 14526920 |
| role of birds in transmission of classical swine fever virus. | active transmission of classical swine fever virus (csfv) was studied in six birds (five ravens, one hooded crow) and two laying hens. cloacal swabs, blood and organs of birds and hens as well as blood and organ samples of pigs which had been fed with faeces derived from csfv infected birds or which had come in contact with faeces of infected hens were negative for csfv. none of the animals seroconverted during the study. this result demonstrates that active virus transmission by these animals i ... | 2003 | 14535936 |
| evidence for the evolution of ascoviruses from iridoviruses. | ascoviruses (family ascoviridae) are large, enveloped, double-stranded (ds)dna viruses that attack lepidopteran larvae and pupae, and are unusual in that they are transmitted by parasitic wasps during oviposition. previous comparisons of dna polymerase sequences from vertebrate and invertebrate viruses suggested that ascoviruses are closely related to iridoviruses. this relationship was unexpected because these viruses differ markedly in virion symmetry, genome configuration and cellular patholo ... | 2003 | 14573805 |
| a pilot study of therapeutic vaccination with envelope protein e1 in 35 patients with chronic hepatitis c. | new treatments are needed for chronic hepatitis c patients in whom viral clearance cannot be achieved. thirty-five chronic hepatitis c patients (genotype 1) were randomized to receive 20 mug of recombinant hcv e1 (e1) (n = 26) or placebo (n = 9) intramuscularly at weeks 0, 4, 8, 12, and 24. thirty-four then received open-label e1 vaccine at weeks 50, 53, 56, 59, 62, and 65. twenty-four patients (12 men, 12 women; mean age, 52 y; 18 interferon-based treatment failures; mean baseline alanine amino ... | 2003 | 14578869 |
| expression at mrna level of cytokines and a238l gene in porcine blood-derived macrophages infected in vitro with african swine fever virus (asfv) isolates of different virulence. | porcine macrophage cultures were infected with two asfv isolates of variable virulence and mrna levels of several relevant macrophage-derived cytokines were quantified by real time pcr. at six hours post infection, a clear enhancement of mrna expression of tnfalpha, il6, il12 and il15 was observed in macrophages infected with the low virulent asfv/nh/p68 (nhv) when compared to those infected with the highly virulent asfv/l60 (l60). the sequence of the a238l gene homologue to the cellular ikappab ... | 2003 | 14579171 |
| quantification of the effect of control strategies on classical swine fever epidemics. | emergency vaccination during an epidemic of classical swine fever virus (csfv) has become a serious option because of the ethical problems of strategies with massive culling and the availability of a marker vaccine that reduces virus transmission. here we present a model of between-herd csfv transmission, which quantifies the effect of control strategies with and without vaccination. we estimate the model parameters from data of the dutch csfv epidemic of 1997/1998. with the model, a set of cont ... | 2003 | 14583170 |
| construction of an infectious chimeric classical swine fever virus containing the 5'utr of bovine viral diarrhea virus, and its application as a universal internal positive control in real-time rt-pcr. | rt-pcr is used widely as a diagnostic method to detect and differentiate pestiviruses. the construction of two chimeric classical swine fever virus (csfv) recombinants based on a marker virus constructed previously [j. virol. 72 (1998) 5318-5322] is described. these viruses, termed va187cat_5utrbvd and va187cat_iresbvd, contain the entire 5' untranslated region (5'utr) or the internal ribosome entry site (ires) of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), respectively. both chimeric viruses proved to ... | 2003 | 14599682 |
| assessment of the use of gross lesions at post-mortem to detect outbreaks of classical swine fever. | the performance of pathological findings as a diagnostic tool for the detection of classical swine fever (csf) outbreaks during the 1997/1998 csf-epidemic in the netherlands was evaluated by constructing and analysing receiver operating characteristic (roc) curves. this was done at the individual pig level and at the submission level (a group of pigs from the same herd submitted together for post-mortem investigation). at post-mortem examination, the tonsils, spleen, ileo-caecal valve and renal ... | 2003 | 14599782 |
| vaccinology of classical swine fever: from lab to field. | there are two types of classical swine fever vaccines available: the classical live and the recently developed e2 subunit vaccines. the live chinese strain vaccine is the most widely used. after a single vaccination, it confers solid immunity within a few days that appears to persist lifelong. the e2 subunit vaccine induces immunity from approximately 10-14 days after a single vaccination. the immunity may persist for more than a year, but is then not complete. the chinese strain vaccine may est ... | 2003 | 14599784 |
| protection of pigs against 'in contact' challenge with classical swine fever following oral or subcutaneous vaccination with a recombinant porcine adenovirus. | a recombinant porcine adenovirus expressing the classical swine fever virus (csfv) gp55 gene (rpadv-gp55) was administered to commercially available outbred pigs via the subcutaneous or oral route and their susceptibility to 'in contact' challenge with classical swine fever determined. animals vaccinated subcutaneously with a single dose of recombinant vaccine and challenged by 'in contact' exposure were protected from disease, whereas pigs given an equivalent single oral dose did not survive ch ... | 2003 | 14602208 |
| relation between lymphocyte subpopulations of peripheral blood and immune responses of modified live hog cholera virus vaccine in pigs treated with an ionized alkali mineral complex. | thirty-nine healthy pigs (28-32 days old) were purchased from a commercial swine farm and housed at swine pens of the college. the animals were vaccinated intramuscularly (1 ml) with an attenuated live hog cholera virus (hcv, lom strain) and then boostered at 5 weeks after the first vaccination. the animals were divided into 4 experimental groups: 0.05% (w/w) powerfeel-supplemented diet (t-1, n = 10); 3% (w/w) superfeed-supplemented diet (t-2, n = 10); diluted powerfeel solution (1 : 500, v/v) a ... | 2000 | 14612620 |
| neighbourhood infections of classical swine fever during the 1997-1998 epidemic in the netherlands. | data of the 1997-1998 epidemic of classical swine fever (csf) in the netherlands were analysed in survival analysis to identify risk factors that were associated with the rate of neighbourhood infections. the study population consisted of herds within 1000 m of exclusively one previously infected herd. dates of virus introduction into herds were drawn randomly from estimated probability distributions per herd of possible weeks of virus introduction. (to confirm the insensitivity of the results f ... | 2003 | 14623411 |
| effect of prostaglandin a1 in porcine cells persistently infected with classical swine fever virus. | cyclopentenone prostaglandins are potent inhibitors of a wide variety of rna and dna viruses. in this report we describe that prostaglandin a1 (pga1) potently inhibited the replication of classical swine fever virus in cultures of pk-15 cells. the highest non-toxic dose (5 microg/ml) inhibited virus yield in 99% at the initial phase of infection and in 77% in persistent infected cells. however when pga1 was removed from persistently infected cells, the inhibition of virus replication was partial ... | 2003 | 14625897 |
| molecular epidemiology of classical swine fever in the russian federation. | the ability to discriminate between various classical swine fever virus (csfv) strains and isolates is a prerequisite for following the spread of the virus after an outbreak. to determine the relatedness between russian csfv isolates from different geographical regions, three fragments of the viral genome (5' ntr, the variable region of the e2 gene and a fragment of the ns5b gene) were sequenced and used for genetic typing. thirty-one field isolates were obtained from csf outbreaks which occurre ... | 2003 | 14633204 |
| expression of unmodified hepatitis c virus envelope glycoprotein-coding sequences leads to cryptic intron excision and cell surface expression of e1/e2 heterodimers comprising full-length and partially deleted e1. | hepatitis c virus (hcv) is a positive-strand rna virus that replicates exclusively in the cytoplasm of infected cells. the viral envelope glycoproteins, e1 and e2, appear to be retained in the endoplasmic reticulum, where viral budding is thought to occur. surprisingly, we found that the expression system used to generate hcv envelope glycoproteins influences their subcellular localization and processing. these findings have important implications for optimizing novel hcv fusion and entry assays ... | 2003 | 14645599 |
| expression of porcine cd163 on monocytes/macrophages correlates with permissiveness to african swine fever infection. | monocytes-macrophages, the target cells of african swine fever virus (asfv) are highly heterogeneous in phenotype and function. in this study, we have investigated the correlation between the phenotype of specific populations of porcine macrophages and their permissiveness to asfv infection. bone marrow cells and fresh blood monocytes were less susceptible to in vitro infection by asfv than more mature cells, such as alveolar macrophages. facs analyses of monocytes using a panel of mabs specific ... | 2003 | 14648288 |
| [case report: porcine circovirus type 2 infection in an european wild boar (sus scrofa) in the state of brandenburg, germany]. | this case represents the first case of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv-2)--infection in a free living european wild boar associated with morphological lesions, which are regarded as characteristic for postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) in domestic pigs. the animal, an approximately 10 month old male, was found dead in a rural area within the state of brandenburg, germany. the closest commercial pig farm is located in 3 km distance from the spot where the carcass was found. at necro ... | 2003 | 14650740 |
| de novo rna synthesis by a recombinant classical swine fever virus rna-dependent rna polymerase. | classical swine fever virus nonstructural protein 5b (ns5b) encodes an rna-dependent rna polymerase, a key enzyme of the viral replication complex. to better understand the initiation of viral rna synthesis and to establish an in vitro replication system, a recombinant ns5b protein, lacking the c-terminal 24-amino acid hydrophobic domain, was expressed in escherichia coli. the truncated fusion protein (ns5bdelta24) was purified on a ni-chelating histrap affinity column and demonstrated to initia ... | 2003 | 14653821 |
| codon-optimized cloning, expression and characertization of the c-terminal region of human apoptotic protein gadd34 in escherichia coli. | the human gadd34 (growth arrest and dna damage-inducible 34) is the product of an apoptosis- and dna-damage-inducible gene. the c-terminus domain of gadd34 is highly homologous to hsv-1 gamma-1 34.5, hsv-2 and the african swine fever virus virulence-associated factor nl-s. among these viral proteins, hsv-1 gamma 34.5 protein is known to prevent apoptosis of viral-infected cells. because of the difficulty in expressing gadd34 protein or any of its fragments, including the c-terminus (amino acids ... | 2004 | 14657671 |
| establishment and characterisation of two cdna-derived strains of classical swine fever virus, one highly virulent and one avirulent. | the virulence of classical swine fever virus (csfv) strains including established laboratory strains as well as field isolates ranges from avirulent to highly virulent. here, we describe the construction and characterisation of two cdna-derived csfv strains, each corresponding to one of these extremes. the recombinant virus vey-37 caused acute disease indistinguishable from that provoked by infection with the highly virulent parent strain eystrup. in contrast, vriems-3, a molecular clone of the ... | 2003 | 14659557 |
| attenuation of classical swine fever virus by deletion of the viral n(pro) gene. | we have reported earlier that replacement of the n(pro) gene of classical swine fever virus (csfv) by the murine ubiquitin gene only slightly affects the characteristics of virus replication in the porcine kidney cell line sk-6 [j. virol. 72 (1998) 7681]. here, for the moderately virulent csfv strain alfort/187 as well as for the highly virulent strain eystrup we show that the respective n(pro)-deleted viruses are attenuated. vaccination of pigs with either of the two deletion mutants resulted i ... | 2004 | 14670312 |
| suitability of an e2 subunit vaccine of classical swine fever in combination with the e(rns)-marker-test for eradication through vaccination. | vaccination with modified live vaccines (c-, gpe-minus strain) against classical swine fever (csf) is an efficient tool in its control. however, for monitoring infection in a vaccinated population, marker-vaccines are preferred. a review is given on the efficacy of the e2 marker-vaccine, porcilis pesti. protection starts to come up at seven days pv. reduction of horizontal virus transmission starts to show at 10 days pv, is almost complete at 14 days and complete at 21 days after a single vaccin ... | 2003 | 14677689 |
| the effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy for hiv on the anti-hcv specific humoral immune response. | the effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy (haart) on hcv replication is controversial, with some studies reporting no effect and others increases, reductions and even clearances of hcv rna after treatment. in this study, the effect of haart was investigated on the titre of anti-hcv specific antibodies and on the relationship between these antibodies and hcv rna level in a cohort of 24 patients with inherited bleeding disorders. a significant inverse correlation between antibodies to bot ... | 2004 | 14695658 |
| what determines whether mammalian ribosomes resume scanning after translation of a short upstream open reading frame? | if the 5'-proximal aug triplet in a mammalian mrna is followed by a short open reading frame (sorf), a significant fraction of ribosomes resume scanning after termination of sorf translation, and reinitiate at a downstream aug. to examine the underlying mechanism, we examined reinitiation in vitro using a series of mrnas that differed only in the 5'-untranslated region (utr). efficient reinitiation was found to occur only if the eif4f complex, or at a minimum the central one-third fragment of ei ... | 2004 | 14701882 |
| apoptosis of thymocytes in experimental african swine fever virus infection. | this paper report on the lesions occurred in the thymus in experimental acute african swine fever (asf). twenty-one pigs were inoculated with the highly virulent asf virus (asfv) isolate spain-70. animals were slaughtered from 1 to 7 days post infection (dpi). three animals with similar features were used as controls. thymus samples were fixed in 10% buffered formalin solution for histological and immunohistochemical study and in 2.5% glutaraldehyde for ultrastructural examination. for immunohis ... | 2004 | 14702174 |
| the cd2v protein of african swine fever virus interacts with the actin-binding adaptor protein sh3p7. | the predicted extracellular domain of the cd2v protein of african swine fever virus (asfv) shares significant similarity to that of the cd2 protein in t cells but has a unique cytoplasmic domain of unknown function. here we have shown that cd2v is expressed as a glycoprotein of approximately 105 kda in asfv-infected cells. in the absence of an extracellular ligand, the majority of cd2v appears to localize to perinuclear membrane compartments. furthermore, we have shown using the yeast two-hybrid ... | 2004 | 14718626 |
| cd81 is required for hepatitis c virus glycoprotein-mediated viral infection. | cd81 has been described as a putative receptor for hepatitis c virus (hcv); however, its role in hcv cell entry has not been characterized due to the lack of an efficient cell culture system. we have examined the role of cd81 in hcv glycoprotein-dependent entry by using a recently developed retroviral pseudotyping system. human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) pseudotypes bearing hcv e1e2 glycoproteins show a restricted tropism for human liver cell lines. although all of the permissive cell lines ex ... | 2004 | 14722300 |
| african swine fever virus multigene family 360 and 530 genes affect host interferon response. | african swine fever virus (asfv) multigene family 360 and 530 (mgf360/530) genes affect viral growth in macrophage cell cultures and virulence in pigs (l. zsak, z. lu, t. g. burrage, j. g. neilan, g. f. kutish, d. m. moore, and d. l. rock, j. virol. 75:3066-3076, 2001). the mechanism by which these novel genes affect virus-host interactions is unknown. to define mgf360/530 gene function, we compared macrophage transcriptional responses following infection with parental asfv (pr4) and an mgf360/5 ... | 2004 | 14747550 |
| [hog cholera virus carriers]. | | 1950 | 14785542 |
| morphologic studies of hog cholera virus by electron microscopy. | | 1951 | 14829762 |
| variations (variants) of hog cholera virus. | | 1951 | 14832118 |
| preservation of hog cholera virus at low temperatures. | | 1951 | 14836270 |
| neutralization in vivo of hog cholera virus by serum. | | 1951 | 14855942 |
| african swine fever virus multigene family 360 genes affect virus replication and generalization of infection in ornithodoros porcinus ticks. | recently, we reported that african swine fever virus (asfv) multigene family (mgf) 360 and 530 genes are significant swine macrophage host range determinants that function by promoting infected-cell survival. to examine the function of these genes in asfv's arthropod host, ornithodoros porcinus porcinus, an mgf360/530 gene deletion mutant (pr4delta35) was constructed from an asfv isolate of tick origin, pr4. pr4delta35 exhibited a significant growth defect in ticks. the deletion of six mgf360 an ... | 2004 | 14963141 |
| molecular analysis of bovine viral diarrhoea virus isolates from south africa. | the presence of bovine viral diarrhoea virus in south africa has been confirmed by several serological surveys. however, little is known about its biological properties. twenty five isolates obtained by isolation in tissue culture and detected by means of the antigen capture elisa from clinically sick cattle and from foetal calf serum in south africa were characterized on the basis of analysis of the 5' non-translated (ntr) region of the genome. a reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction ... | 2003 | 14971730 |
| neutralizing antibodies to african swine fever virus proteins p30, p54, and p72 are not sufficient for antibody-mediated protection. | although antibody-mediated immune mechanisms have been shown to be important in immunity to asf, it remains unclear what role virus neutralizing antibodies play in the protective response. virus neutralizing epitopes have been identified on three viral proteins, p30, p54, and p72. to evaluate the role(s) of these proteins in protective immunity, pigs were immunized with baculovirus-expressed p30, p54, p72, and p22 from the pathogenic african swine fever virus (asfv) isolate pr4. asfv specific ne ... | 2004 | 14980493 |
| characterization of functional hepatitis c virus envelope glycoproteins. | hepatitis c virus (hcv) encodes two envelope glycoproteins, e1 and e2, that assemble as a noncovalent heterodimer which is mainly retained in the endoplasmic reticulum. because assembly into particles and secretion from the cell lead to structural changes in viral envelope proteins, characterization of the proteins associated with the virion is necessary in order to better understand how they mature to be functional in virus entry. there is currently no efficient and reliable cell culture system ... | 2004 | 14990718 |
| the risk of the introduction of classical swine fever virus at regional level in the european union: a conceptual framework. | recent classical swine fever (csf) epidemics in the european union (eu) have clearly shown that preventing the introduction of csf virus (csfv) deserves high priority. insight into all the factors contributing to the risk of csfv introduction is a prerequisite for deciding which preventive actions are cost-effective. the relations between virus introduction and spread, prevention and control, and economic losses have been described using the conceptual framework presented in this paper. a pathwa ... | 2003 | 15005538 |
| the subcellular distribution of multigene family 110 proteins of african swine fever virus is determined by differences in c-terminal kdel endoplasmic reticulum retention motifs. | african swine fever virus (asfv) is a large double-stranded dna virus that replicates in discrete areas in the cytosol of infected cells called viral factories. recent studies have shown that assembling virions acquire their internal envelopes through enwrapment by membranes derived from the endoplasmic reticulum (er). however, the mechanisms that underlie the formation of viral factories and progenitor viral membranes are as yet unclear. analysis of the published genome of the virus revealed a ... | 2004 | 15016891 |
| inclusion bodies from recombinant bacteria as a novel system for delivery of vaccine antigen by the oral route. | a fragment of non-glycosylated e2 antigen of classical swine fever virus (csfv), lacking the trans-membrane anchor (tm-) of the native glycoprotein, was produced in recombinant escherichia coli strain bl21(de3) in the form of inclusion bodies. these inclusion bodies isolated from the bacteria cells were administrated orally to mice twice at either 10 or 50 microg per dose. each mouse fed with inclusion bodies carrying the e2 antigen responded with plasma antibodies and/or fecal iga at least once ... | 2004 | 15019290 |
| scenario tree modeling to analyze the probability of classical swine fever virus introduction into member states of the european union. | the introduction of classical swine fever virus (csfv) into a country free of disease without vaccination may have huge consequences in terms of both disease spread and economic losses. more quantitative insight into the main factors determining the probability of csfv introduction (pcsfv) is needed to optimally use resources for the prevention of csfv introduction. for this purpose a spreadsheet model was constructed that calculates the annual pcsfv into member states of the european union (eu) ... | 2004 | 15028015 |
| cytopathogenicity of classical swine fever viruses that do not show the exaltation of newcastle disease virus is associated with accumulation of ns3 in serum-free cultured cell lines. | pestiviruses can be distinguished as two biotypes, cytopathogenic (cp) and noncytopathogenic (noncp), by the morphological changes that they induce during growth in cultured cells. in this study, the cp phenotype of several classical swine fever viruses (csfv) was evaluated by the detections of the nonstructural proteins ns2-3 and ns3 using immunoprecipitation and western blotting in different porcine cell lines. most csfvs that showed the exaltation of newcastle disease virus (end) phenomenon ( ... | 2004 | 15031544 |
| does multiple oral vaccination of wild boar against classical swine fever (csf) have a positive influence on the immunity? | we studied the efficacy of multiple vaccinations of wild boar against classical swine fever (csf) using a c-strain vaccine. the study consisted of two experiments. in the first experiment, 7 to 8 months old animals were vaccinated either three or four times at an interval of 7 days or twice at an interval of 14 or 28 days. in the second experiment, the efficacy of oral immunisation in young boars (3 months old) was examined after fivefold vaccination at intervals of 14 or 28 days. independently ... | 2004 | 15032263 |
| classical swine fever virus induces proinflammatory cytokines and tissue factor expression and inhibits apoptosis and interferon synthesis during the establishment of long-term infection of porcine vascular endothelial cells. | infection with virulent strains of classical swine fever virus (csfv) results in an acute haemorrhagic disease of pigs, characterized by disseminated intravascular coagulation, thrombocytopenia and immunosuppression, whereas for less virulent isolates infection can become chronic. in view of the haemorrhagic pathology of the disease, the effects of the virus on vascular endothelial cells was studied by using relative quantitative pcr and elisa. following infection, there was an initial and short ... | 2004 | 15039545 |
| exceptionally diverse morphotypes and genomes of crenarchaeal hyperthermophilic viruses. | the remarkable diversity of the morphologies of viruses found in terrestrial hydrothermal environments with temperatures >80 degrees c is unprecedented for aquatic ecosystems. the best-studied viruses from these habitats have been assigned to novel viral families: fuselloviridae, lipothrixviridae and rudiviridae. they all have double-stranded dna genomes and infect hyperthermophilic crenarchaea of the orders sulfolobales and thermoproteales. representatives of the different viral families share ... | 2004 | 15046572 |
| african swine fever virus structural protein p54 is essential for the recruitment of envelope precursors to assembly sites. | the assembly of african swine fever virus (asfv) at the cytoplasmic virus factories commences with the formation of precursor membranous structures, which are thought to be collapsed cisternal domains recruited from the surrounding endoplasmic reticulum (er). this report analyzes the role in virus morphogenesis of the structural protein p54, a 25-kda polypeptide encoded by the e183l gene that contains a putative transmembrane domain and localizes at the er-derived envelope precursors. we show th ... | 2004 | 15047843 |
| comparison of reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, virus isolation, and immunoperoxidase assays for detecting pigs infected with low, moderate, and high virulent strains of classical swine fever virus. | pigs were experimentally inoculated with glentorf, lelystad/97, and alfort/187: representative low, moderate, and high virulent strains of classical swine fever virus (csfv). animals were tested for viremia using virus isolation and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) assays run under routine diagnostic conditions. the virus was detected in the peripheral blood by virus isolation and rt-pcr assays of all glentorf- and lelystad/97-infected pigs beginning at 3 days postinocula ... | 2004 | 15053364 |
| an avirulent chimeric pestivirus with altered cell tropism protects pigs against lethal infection with classical swine fever virus. | a chimeric pestivirus was constructed using an infectious cdna clone of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) [j. virol. 70 (1996) 8606]. after deletion of the envelope protein e2-encoding region, the respective sequence of classical swine fever virus (csfv) strain alfort 187 was inserted in-frame resulting in plasmid pa/cp7_e2alf. after transfection of in vitro-transcribed cp7_e2alf rna, autonomous replication of chimeric rna in bovine and porcine cell cultures was observed. efficient growth of ch ... | 2004 | 15063124 |
| influence of a 12-nt insertion present in the 3' untranslated region of classical swine fever virus hclv strain genome on rna synthesis. | the function of a 12-nt insertion 'cttttttctttt' in the 3' untranslated region (3'utr) of the hclv strain, a vaccine strain derived from the shimen strain of classical swine fever virus (csfv), was examined in vitro. rna synthesis increased when the 12-nt insertion was deleted from the 3'utr of the hclv strain. rna synthesis also decreased when the 12-nt insertion was introduced into the 3'utr of the csfv shimen, virulent strain. therefore, the 12-nt insertion present in the 3'utr of the hclv st ... | 2004 | 15084401 |
| classical swine fever virus induces tumor necrosis factor-alpha and lymphocyte apoptosis. | the expression of tumor necrosis factor (tnf)-alpha and apoptosis was studied in lymph nodes from pigs infected with classical swine fever virus (csfv). pigs were inoculated with csfv and euthanized at 3, 5, 7, and 10 days postinoculation. an increase in tnf-alpha expression was detected in csfv-infected lymph nodes using a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, and tnf-alpha protein was detected in lymph nodes by immunohistochemistry. the majority of tnf-alpha-positive cells also expr ... | 2004 | 15098104 |
| classical swine fever virus glycoprotein e rns is an endoribonuclease with an unusual base specificity. | the glycoprotein e(rns) of pestiviruses is a virion-associated and -secreted rnase that is involved in virulence. the requirements at the cleavage site in heteropolymeric rna substrates were studied for e(rns). limited digestion of heteropolymeric rna substrates indicated a cleavage 5' of uridine residues irrespective of the preceding nucleotide (np/u). to further study specificity radiolabeled rna, molecules of 45 to 56 nucleotides in length were synthesized that contained no or a single np/u c ... | 2004 | 15113930 |