| site-specific mutagenesis of a highly conserved region of the herpes simplex virus type 1 dna polymerase gene. | seven point mutations were introduced into region i of the herpes simplex virus type 1 dna polymerase, which is most highly conserved among dna polymerases and has no drug sensitivity markers mapped to it. the functional consequences of these mutations were studied in an in vitro transcription-translation system in which t7 transcripts of cloned polymerase genes were used to generate enzymatically active polypeptides in reticulocyte lysate. analysis of labeled polypeptides on sodium dodecyl sulf ... | 1990 | 2154619 |
| enhanced infectivity of herpes simplex virus type 1 viral dna in a cell line expressing the trans-inducing factor vmw65. | vmw65 is a structural component of herpes simplex virus (hsv) which is involved in transactivating the expression of the viral immediate-early (ie) genes. to gain further insight into the function of this protein, a cell line, bsv65, was established which expresses biologically active vmw65 under control of the moloney leukemia virus long terminal repeat. this cell line was shown to specifically activate ie genes as demonstrated by transient transfection assays with reporter genes linked to hsv ... | 1990 | 2154624 |
| suppression of host mrna in human smooth muscle cells by a virion competent factor in herpes simplex virus type 1. | herpes simplex virus type 1 produces an early decrease in protein synthesis in cultured smooth muscle cells isolated from human umbilical artery. to confirm that suppression of host protein synthesis occurs before virus protein expression, cultures were treated with actinomycin d (5 micrograms/ml) continuously from the beginning of infection. in the presence of actinomycin d, by 3.5 hours postinfection, virus-infected cultures showed much less incorporation of [35s]methionine into sodium dodecyl ... | 1990 | 2154642 |
| hiv susceptibility conferred to human fibroblasts by cytomegalovirus-induced fc receptor. | the main receptor for the human immunodeficiency viruses type 1 and 2 (hiv-1 and hiv-2) on t and b lymphocytes, monocytes and macrophages is the cd4 antigen 1-3. infection of these cells is blocked by monoclonal antibodies to cd4(1,2) and by recombinant soluble cd4(4-9). expression of transfected cd4 on the surface of hela and other human cells renders them susceptible to hiv infection 10. hiv-antibody complexes can also infect monocytes and macrophages by means of receptors for the fc portion o ... | 1990 | 2154697 |
| restriction endonuclease analysis of deoxyribonucleic acid (dna) from genital herpes simplex virus type 2 isolates in thailand. | local herpes simplex virus (hsv) isolates were characterized by the use of bamhi, kpni, and ecori restriction endonucleases. analysis of 120 clinical isolates by observation of presence or absence of cleavage sites and of mobility variation in deoxyribonucleic acid (dna) fragments from the terminal and joint regions of the hsv genome revealed that 112 (93.3%) were type-2 (hsv-2) and the others were type-1 (hsv-1), mixed hsv-2 and hsv-1, and mixed hsv-2 strains. the genomes of hsv-2 isolates were ... | 1990 | 2154866 |
| antigenic and functional analysis of a neutralization site of hsv-1 glycoprotein d. | herpes simplex virus glycoprotein d is a component of the virion envelope and appears to be involved in attachment, penetration, and cell fusion. monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against this protein can be arranged in groups, on the basis of a number of biological and biochemical properties. group i antibodies are type-common, have high complement-independent neutralization titers, recognize discontinuous (conformational) epitopes, and block each other in a binding assay. the sum of their epitopes ... | 1990 | 2154881 |
| herpes simplex virus type 1 ribonucleotide reductase: selective and synergistic inactivation by a1110u and its iron complex. | 2-acetylpyridine-5-[(dimethylamino)thiocarbonyl]thiocarbonohydr azone (a1110u) inactivated herpes simplex virus type 1 ribonucleotide reductase (ec 1.17.4.1) by a first-order process (kinact) which had a maximum value (mkinact) of 8 hr-1 and a kd that was less than 1 microm. the stable complex between iron and a1110u, (a1110u)2fe+i, inactivated this enzyme with a mkinact of 7 hr-1 and a kd of 7 microm. free a1110u and its iron-complex synergized as inactivators of the enzyme. for example, the ki ... | 1990 | 2154988 |
| modulation of hpv18 and bpv1 transcription in human keratinocytes by simian virus 40 large t antigen and adenovirus type 5 e1a antigen. | transcription of early open reading frames initiated from the long control region (lcr) of hpv18 and bpv1 is known to be modulated by homologous and heterologous papillomarvirus e2 gene products. using cat constructs transfected into normal human keratinocytes, we show that sv40 large t antigen activates transcription from the lcr of both viruses, whereas ad5-e1a antigen represses transcription from the hpv18-lcr but activates transcription from bpv1-lcr. experiments using constructs containing ... | 1990 | 2155243 |
| cytotoxic t lymphocytes specific for herpes simplex virus (hsv) studied using adenovirus vectors expressing hsv glycoproteins. | in previous work, we observed that h-2k-restricted herpes simplex virus (hsv)-specific cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctls) were effectively able to lyse transfected target cells expressing hsv glycoprotein c (gc), but not cells expressing gb, gd or ge. to confirm and extend our observations on the specificity of anti-hsv ctls, recombinant adenovirus (ad) vectors able to express hsv-1 gb or gc (adgb2 or adgc) were constructed. syngeneic target cells infected with adgb2 were efficiently lysed by primar ... | 1990 | 2155292 |
| reactivation of latent infection and induction of recurrent herpetic eye disease in mice. | during primary ocular infection of mice with herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) strain mckrae, dendritic corneal ulcers developed and many eyes became permanently damaged. when primary infection had subsided, latent infection was detected in the three parts of the trigeminal ganglion and in the superior cervical ganglion. such latently infected mice were treated with cyclophosphamide, dexamethasone and u.v. irradiation, or cyclophosphamide and dexamethasone alone. after treatment with immunosup ... | 1990 | 2155293 |
| transfer of ul41, the gene controlling virion-associated host cell shutoff, between different strains of herpes simplex virus. | studies with mutant viruses have suggested that the product of gene ul41 of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) controls the virion-mediated inhibition of cellular protein synthesis as well as the rate of degradation of viral mrnas. hsv-1 strain 17+ has a weak host shutoff function, whereas hsv-2 strain g shuts off strongly. a gene of hsv-2(g), judged from its position in the genome to be the probable analogue of gene ul41 of hsv-1, was inserted into the nonessential thymidine kinase gene of hsv ... | 1990 | 2155295 |
| cross-linking studies show that herpes simplex virus type 1 glycoprotein c molecules are clustered in the membrane of infected cells. | chemical cross-linking using ethylene glycol succinimidyl succinate (egs) and dithiobispropionimidate (dtbp) was performed to determine the association of herpes simplex virus type 1 glycoprotein c (hsv-1 gc) with its nearest neighbours. human embryonic lung (hel) cells were infected with hsv-1 strain kos, treated with egs, lysed with nonidet p40, immunoprecipitated with monoclonal antibodies specific for gc, and analysed by sds-page. these analyses demonstrated the presence of cross-linked comp ... | 1990 | 2155298 |
| codons 262 to 490 from the herpes simplex virus icp4 gene are sufficient to encode a sequence-specific dna binding protein. | the hsv-1 immediate early (ie) protein icp4 (alpha 4, ie175, vmw175) is an oligomeric molecule which activates transcription of viral early genes, represses transcription of viral ie genes, and binds to specific sequences in certain viral promoters. the extent to which these functions are interrelated has not been fully established. we have expressed truncated portions of the icp4 gene in e. coli as trpe fusion proteins. dna-binding studies with these hybrid proteins revealed that icp4 residues ... | 1990 | 2155403 |
| variable requirements for herpes simplex virus immediate-early proteins in the expression of the adenovirus e2 gene. | regulation of the adenovirus e2 gene by trans-activating proteins encoded by herpes simplex virus was investigated. coinfection of vero cells was performed with ad5 dl312 (an e1 deletion mutant) and either wildtype hsv, mutant virus encoding a temperature-sensitive icp4 protein (tsk), or mutants carrying deletions in the icp4 (d120) or icp0 (dl x 3.1) gene. as detected by the presence of e2 mrna, or the product of the e2 gene, 72-kda dna binding protein (dbp), functional icp4 was sufficient for ... | 1990 | 2155517 |
| heterotypic and homotypic re-inoculation of mice already latently infected with herpes simplex virus type 1. | mice were infected at 4 weeks of age with a type 1 strain of herpes simplex virus (hsv) and re-infected 4 weeks later with either a type 1 or a type 2 strain of hsv. the virus used for first infection could be distinguished from that used later since it was resistant to phosphonoformic acid and formed syncytial plaques. sites used for the second inoculation were as follows: at the site of primary infection, at a different site within the same dermatome or in the equivalent dermatome on the oppos ... | 1990 | 2155598 |
| ocular shedding of herpes simplex virus. | the presence, frequency, and relationship of ocular and oral shedding of herpes simplex virus to previous herpes keratitis was investigated. this was to determine if a history of herpes keratitis predisposes to shedding of the herpes simplex virus into the tear film and/or mouth. swabs were collected from the eyes and mouth of two groups of patients thrice weekly over a two- to four-month period. group a comprised nine patients with a history of herpes labialis, group b 15 patients with a histor ... | 1990 | 2155653 |
| effect of herpes simplex virus type 1 infection on nucleoside transport in hela s3 cells. | the initial velocity of thymidine uptake was measured in hela s3 cells infected with herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1). the rate of nucleoside influx into the cells was shown to increase from as early as 1 h post-infection (p.i.) up to 8 h p.i. this increased uptake was shown to be attributable to a progressively increasing contribution from passive diffusion superimposed upon normal transport. thus, the specific nucleoside transport system was still operating with unaltered kinetic parameters ... | 1990 | 2156000 |
| passive immunization protects the mouse eye from damage after herpes simplex virus infection by limiting spread of virus in the nervous system. | mice were treated with serum containing antibodies to herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) or normal serum, 1 day before inoculation on the cornea with hsv-1 strain mckrae. as expected, without passive immunization, mice developed high levels of serum neutralizing antibody. by contrast, in passively immunized animals, such antibody became undetectable by 29 days after inoculation of serum, in spite of the virus infection. there was no difference between passively immunized mice and those given no ... | 1990 | 2156001 |
| expression from cloned dna of biologically active glycoprotein c of herpes simplex virus type 1 in mammalian cells. | a dna fragment of the herpes simplex virus type 1 genome encoding glycoprotein c (gc-1) has been cloned into different eukaryotic expression vectors for transient and stable expression of the glycoprotein in a number of cell lines. all of these expression vectors use a non-hsv promoter, such as the adenovirus major late promoter or murine leukemia virus long terminal repeat promoter to express gc-1 in cos and cho cells or 3t3 cells. the gc-1 protein synthesized was fully glycosylated with both n ... | 1990 | 2156002 |
| neutralizing antibody to herpes simplex in pregnant women and their neonates. | the neutralizing antibody (nab) titer against herpes simplex virus (hsv) was determined in blood obtained at term delivery in 76 women with documented genital hsv infection. maternal and cord blood nab titers against hsv-1 and hsv-2 displayed significant correlation (r = .88 and r = 0.89, respectively). in 33% of the paired samples, the neonatal nab titer against hsv-1 exceeded the concomitant maternal titer, and in 59% the maternal and neonatal nab titers against hsv-1 were equal. in 28% of the ... | 1990 | 2156030 |
| effect of snuff extract on the replication and synthesis of viral dna and proteins in cells infected with herpes simplex virus. | the water-extractable component of snuff (snuff extract) inhibits the replication of herpes simplex virus (hsv) by suppressing the synthesis of viral dna. this process probably causes hsv to be oncogenic. to further understand the mechanism of inhibitory action of snuff extract on hsv replication, the effect of snuff extract on the synthesis of viral dna and proteins in type 1 hsv (hsv-1) infected cells was investigated. snuff extract inhibited the synthesis of viral dna and altered the producti ... | 1990 | 2156033 |
| carbocyclic 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine (c-idu) and carbocyclic (e)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine (c-bvdu) as unique examples of chiral molecules where the two enantiomeric forms are biologically active: interaction of the (+)- and (-)-enantiomers of c-idu and c-bvdu with the thymidine kinase of herpes simplex virus type 1. | the (+)- and (-)-enantiomers of the carbocyclic analogues of (e)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine (c-bvdu) and 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine (c-idu) were synthesized by separate routes. both the (+)- and (-)-enantiomers of c-bvdu and c-idu were markedly inhibitory to herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) replication. (+)-c-bvdu and (+)-c-idu were as inhibitory to hsv-1 as the racemic (+/-)-c-bvdu and (+/-)-c-idu, respectively, whereas the (-)-enantiomers were only 10-fold less active. also, the (+)- and ... | 1990 | 2156153 |
| role of the incorporation of (e)-5-(2-iodovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine and its carbocyclic analogue into dna of herpes simplex virus type 1-infected cells in the antiviral effects of these compounds. | the carbocyclic analogue of (e)-5-(2-iodovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine (c-ivdu) is, like its parent compound (e)-5-(2-iodovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine (ivdu), a potent and selective inhibitor of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1). there is a close correlation between the inhibition of viral dna synthesis and the antiviral activity of both ivdu and c-ivdu. ivdu and c-ivdu inhibit viral dna synthesis at 0.2 and 0.5 microm, respectively, and interfere with cellular dna synthesis at concentrations that are 10- ... | 1990 | 2156154 |
| interference with the assembly of a virus-host transcription complex by peptide competition. | induction of transcription of the immediate-early (ie) genes of herpes simplex virus (hsv) involves the assembly of a dna-binding complex containing the cellular transcription factor oct-1 and the virus regulatory protein vmw65 (vp16). complex assembly can be observed using deletion variants of vmw65 which lack the acidic c-terminal activation domain and are therefore defective for ie transactivation. similar variants of vmw65 interfere with ie activation by the normal protein, and with hsv repl ... | 1990 | 2156166 |
| trans-activation of viral tk promoters by proteins encoded by varicella zoster virus open reading frames 61 and 62. | plasmids containing the varicella zoster virus (vzv) open reading frames (orfs) 61 and 62 were used in a transient co-transfection assay to test for trans-activation of the vzv and herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) thymidine kinase (tk) promoters. the trans-activating potential of the polypeptides encoded by these vzv orfs, designated p51 and p140, was compared to that of their hsv-1 homologs icp0 and icp4, respectively. vzv p51 was functionally inactive in this system while p140 appeared to b ... | 1990 | 2156390 |
| reactivation of hsv-1 in primates by transcorneal iontophoresis of adrenergic agents. | transcorneal iontophoresis of adrenergic agents has been shown to reactivate latent herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) and to produce viral shedding in the tear film in rabbits and mice, but not, to date, in nonhuman primates. in this study, we demonstrated induced reactivation of latent hsv-1, viral shedding, and production of ocular lesions in nine squirrel monkeys (saimiri sciureus) by iontophoresis of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-hd) with topical instillation of epinephrine or with iontophoresis of ... | 1990 | 2156785 |
| acid ph-induced fusion of cells by herpes simplex virus glycoproteins gb an gd. | enveloped animal viruses enter host cells either by direct fusion at neutral ph or by endocytosis. herpes simplex virus (hsv) is believed to fuse with the plasma membrane of cells at neutral ph, and the glycoproteins gb and gd have been implicated in virus entry and cell fusion. using cloned gb or gd genes, we show that cells expressing hsv-1 glycoproteins gb or gd can undergo fusion to form polykaryons by exposure only to acidic ph. the low ph-induced cell fusion was blocked in the presence of ... | 1990 | 2156833 |
| acyclic purine phosphonate analogues as antiviral agents. synthesis and structure-activity relationships. | a series of 9-(phosphonoalkyl)purines, which are analogues of 9-[2-(phosphonomethoxy)ethyl]purines (guanine, pmeg, 1; adenine, pmea, 2), were synthesized. the analogues were tested for activity against herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (hsv-1 and hsv-2), human cytomegalovirus (hcmv), rauscher murine leukemia virus (r-mulv), and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1). with variations in the length of the alkyl chain, the optimal activity was achieved with two carbons between the purine base ... | 1990 | 2157012 |
| synthesis and biological evaluation of carbocyclic analogues of lyxofuranosides of 2-amino-6-substituted-purines and 2-amino-6-substituted-8-azapurines. | carbocyclic analogues of lyxofuranosides of 2-amino-6-substituted-purines and 2-amino-6-substituted-8-azapurines were synthesized from (+/-)-(1 alpha, 2 alpha, 3 alpha, 5 alpha)-3-amino-5- (hydroxymethyl)-1,2-cyclopentanediol (2) and 2-amino-4,6-dichloropyrimidine (3). the 2-amino-6-chloropurine (8 and 11), the 2,6-diaminopurine (10 and 13), as well as the guanine (9) and 8-azaguanine (12) derivatives were all constructed from the key intermediate (+/-)-(1 alpha, 2 alpha, 3 alpha, 5 alpha)- 3-[( ... | 1990 | 2157013 |
| a herpes simplex virus type 1 mutant containing a nontransinducing vmw65 protein establishes latent infection in vivo in the absence of viral replication and reactivates efficiently from explanted trigeminal ganglia. | vmw65, a herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) tegument protein, in association with cellular proteins, transactivates viral immediate early genes. in order to examine the role of vmw65 during acute and latent infection in vivo, a mutant virus (in1814), containing a 12-base-pair insertion in the vmw65 gene, which lacks the transactivating function of vmw65 (c. i. ace, t. a. mckee, j. m. ryan, j. m. cameron, and c. m. preston, j. virol. 63:2260-2269, 1989) was examined in mice. following corneal in ... | 1990 | 2157048 |
| genetic evidence for two distinct transactivation functions of the herpes simplex virus alpha protein icp27. | infected-cell protein 27 (icp27) is a herpes simplex virus type 1 alpha, or immediate-early, protein involved in the regulation of viral gene expression. to better understand the function(s) of icp27 in infected cells, we have isolated and characterized viral recombinants containing defined alterations in the icp27 gene. the mutant virus d27-1 contains a 1.6-kilobase deletion which removes the icp27 gene promoter and most of the coding sequences, while n59r, n263r, n406r, and n504r are mutants c ... | 1990 | 2157053 |
| antigenic cross-reaction between a varicella-zoster virus nucleocapsid protein encoded by gene 40 and a herpes simplex virus nucleocapsid protein. | human sera from varicella-zoster virus (vzv) and herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) seropositive individuals contain antibody to a 155-kilodalton (155 kda) viral protein. in this study, we show that monoclonal antibodies (mab10.1 and mab1a1.4) prepared against vzv and hsv-1 proteins, respectively, reacted with nuclear antigens and recognized a 155 kda protein in the infected cells. immunoprecipitation of whole virions and viral nucleocapsids with these mabs showed that the 155 kda protein is lo ... | 1990 | 2157317 |
| drug targeting: anti-hsv-1 activity of mannosylated polymer-bound 9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)adenine. | the antiviral drug, 9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl) adenine (pmea) was linked to a synthetic and neutral polymer bearing mannosyl residues to allow its internalization by macrophages via membrane lectins. pmea bound to the mannosylated polymer was more efficient in vitro than free pmea in preventing lysis of human macrophages by herpes virus. | 1990 | 2157421 |
| expression of hsv-1 glycoproteins in tunicamycin-treated monkey kidney cells. | the role of glycosylation in transport and expression of hsv-1 glycoproteins on the surface of hsv-1-infected african green monkey kidney cells was investigated by using tunicamycin (tm). a concentration of 0.05 microgram/ml of tm inhibited the replication of hsv-1 by greater than 99%. immunoblot analysis of tm-treated and virus-infected cells indicated that 0.05 microgram/ml of tm blocked the addition of n-linked oligosaccharides into glycoproteins b, c and d. an immunofluorescence assay of tm- ... | 1990 | 2157426 |
| pumilacidin, a complex of new antiviral antibiotics. production, isolation, chemical properties, structure and biological activity. | new antibiotic pumilacidins a, b, c, d, e, f and g were isolated from the culture broth of a strain of bacillus pumilus. they are cyclic acylheptapeptide composed of a beta-hydroxy fatty acid, two l-leucine, two d-leucine, l-glutamic acid, l-aspartic acid and l-isoleucine (or l-valine). pumilacidin components were inhibitory to herpes simplex virus type 1 and h+, k(+)-atpase and demonstrated antiulcer activity in rat. | 1990 | 2157695 |
| analysis of the nucleotide sequence of dna from the region of the thymidine kinase gene of infectious laryngotracheitis virus; potential evolutionary relationships between the herpesvirus subfamilies. | we have sequenced a 5.4 kb region of the genome from the avian herpesvirus infectious laryngotracheitis virus (iltv) and identified genes homologous to the thymidine kinase (tk) gene, the capsid p40 gene of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1), a gene encoding a protein antigenic in epstein-barr virus infections plus one other highly conserved gene encoding a protein implicated in cell fusion in hsv-1. computer analysis of the tk gene and the upstream overlapping gene sequence is used to produce ... | 1990 | 2157797 |
| a mutant of herpes simplex virus type 1 immediate early polypeptide vmw175 binds to the cap site of its own promoter in vitro but fails to autoregulate in vivo. | vmw175, the product of herpes simplex virus type 1 immediate early (ie) gene 3, is essential for viral replication. it is required for the activation of transcription from both early and late gene promoters and also for the repression of ie gene expression. vmw175 is able to bind specifically to certain dna sequences, some of which (including that at the cap site of ie gene 3) contain the consensus sequence atcgtc. the presence of this sequence at the cap site has been correlated with the abilit ... | 1990 | 2157798 |
| immunological memory to herpes simplex virus type 1 glycoproteins b and d in mice. | mouse l cell lines constitutively expressing glycoproteins b or d of herpes simplex virus type 1 (ltkgb and ltkgd respectively) were used to study the longevity of the immune response to these viral glycoproteins in mice. two immunizations with the cell lines were necessary to induce a persisting antibody response (present for over 200 days). only ltkgd induced a neutralizing at antibody response in mice and this also remained at high titres over 200 days after two inoculations. the presence in ... | 1990 | 2157799 |
| control of expression of the varicella-zoster virus major immediate early gene. | the cis-acting dna sequences and trans-acting proteins that control the expression of the major immediate early (ie) gene of varicella-zoster virus (vzv) were investigated. the location of the ie mrna 5' terminus was determined by primer extension and s1 nuclease analyses and the functional activities of dna sequences upstream of this site were analysed by a transfection assay. the vzv ie promoter exhibited low activity in bhk and hela cells, but was transactivated by the herpes simplex virus ty ... | 1990 | 2157801 |
| a herpes simplex virus type 1 variant, deleted in the promoter region of the latency-associated transcripts, does not produce any detectable minor rna species during latency in the mouse trigeminal ganglion. | in peripheral sensory ganglia latently infected with herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) transcription is restricted. a set of viral latency-associated transcripts, the lats, have been characterized by northern blotting and in situ hybridization. these transcripts have previously been mapped to a 3 kb region of the viral genome within the repeat long region. however, transcription from adjacent regions of the genome can be detected by in situ hybridization, which cannot be detected by northern b ... | 1990 | 2157803 |
| the export pathway of the pseudorabies virus gb homolog gii involves oligomer formation in the endoplasmic reticulum and protease processing in the golgi apparatus. | the pseudorabies virus gii gene shares significant homology with the gb gene of herpes simplex virus type 1. unlike gb, however, gii is processed by specific protease cleavage events after the synthesis of its precursor. the processed forms are maintained in an oligomeric complex that includes disulfide linkages. in this report, we demonstrate the kinetics of modification, complex formation, and subsequent protease processing. in particular, we suggest that gii oligomer formation in the endoplas ... | 1990 | 2157862 |
| characterization of a major dna-binding domain in the herpes simplex virus type 1 dna-binding protein (icp8). | we have studied the major dna-binding protein (icp8) from herpes simplex virus type 1 to identify its dna-binding site. since we obtained our protein from a cell line carrying multiple chromosomally located copies of the icp8 gene, we first analyzed this protein to assess its similarity to the corresponding viral protein. our protein resembled the viral protein by molecular weight, response to antibody, preference for binding single-stranded dna, and ability to lower the melting temperature of p ... | 1990 | 2157871 |
| deletions in herpes simplex virus glycoprotein d define nonessential and essential domains. | herpes simplex virus glycoprotein d (gd) is a major component of the virion envelope and infected cell membranes and is essential for virus entry into cells. we have recently shown that gd interacts with a limited number of cell surface receptors which are required for virus penetration into cells. to define domains of gd which are required for aspects of virus replication including receptor binding, deletion mutations of 5 to 14 amino acids were constructed by using oligonucleotide-directed mut ... | 1990 | 2157872 |
| is herpes simplex virus associated with peptic ulcer disease? | to test the hypothesis that herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) may be associated with peptic ulcer disease, we examined ulcerative lesions of the distal stomach and proximal duodenum for the presence of nucleic acids and antibodies specific for hsv-1. utilizing in situ hybridization, immunocytochemistry, and polymerase chain reaction with sequencing, gastric or duodenal tissues from 4 of 22 patients (18%) with documented peptic ulcer disease demonstrated the presence of both specific hsv-1 nucl ... | 1990 | 2157877 |
| induction of immunoglobulin g fc receptors by recombinant vaccinia viruses expressing glycoproteins e and i of herpes simplex virus type 1. | glycoprotein e (ge) of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) will bind immunoglobulin g (igg) (fc) affinity columns (r. b. bauke and p. g. spear, j. virol. 32:779-789, 1979), but recent evidence suggests that the hsv-1 fc receptor is composed of a complex of ge and glycoprotein i (gi) and that both gi and ge are required for fc receptor activity (d. c. johnson and v. feenstra, j. virol. 61:2208-2216, 1987; d. c. johnson, m. c. frame, m. w. ligas, a. m. cross, and n. d. stow, j. virol. 62:1347-1354 ... | 1990 | 2157879 |
| ocular avirulence of a herpes simplex virus type 1 strain is associated with heightened sensitivity to alpha/beta interferon. | balb/c mice infected on the scarified cornea with herpes simplex virus type 1 strain 35 [hsv-1(35)] rarely developed ocular disease even at challenge doses as high as 10(7) pfu per eye. in contrast, hsv-1(re) consistently induced stromal keratitis at an inoculum of 2 x 10(4) pfu. the goal of this study was to determine the reason for the difference in virulence between the two hsv strains. both hsv-1 strains replicated to similar titers in excised corneal "buttons." however, after in vivo infect ... | 1990 | 2157880 |
| dna replication of herpesviruses during the lytic phase of their life-cycles. | we have two goals in this review: the first is to relate what has been learned about dna replication from the study primarily of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1); the second is to note briefly facets of this virus's mode of dna replication that might serve as points of intervention for novel chemotherapeutic approaches in order to deal with primary and recurrent herpesvirus infections in man and animals. for the first goal we shall both summarize what has been learned and attempt to identify ... | 1990 | 2157936 |
| herpes simplex type 1 activation by epstein-barr virus nuclear antigen 1. | we have investigated the effect of epstein-barr virus nuclear antigen 1 (ebna-1), a nuclear protein encoded by ebv, on herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) infection either in cells constitutively expressing ebna-1 or in transient expression assays. rat-1 cells and rat embryo fibroblasts (ref) immortalized by c-myc or e1a were transfected with a specific ebv dna fragment coding for ebna-1. cloned cell lines which constitutively expressed this antigen were infected with hsv-1. our results indicate ... | 1990 | 2158138 |
| in vitro divergence of hsv-1 populations propagated in different cell lines. | to investigate how the structure of a virus population is influenced by the particular cell types in which the virus is propagated, laboratory populations of hsv-1 have been serially passaged onto a number of different cell lines, differing either in species or in tissue specificity. after a limited number of in vitro passages, several of the daughter virus populations have diverged in the expression of at least one phenotype, suggesting that different cell types have selected different variants ... | 1990 | 2158287 |
| inhibition of the in vitro generation of class ii-restricted, hsv-1-specific, cd4+ ctl by hiv-1. | previously, we demonstrated that cultures of human peripheral blood lymphocytes (pbl) stimulated with herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) generate antigen-specific, major histocompatibility complex (mhc) restricted cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctl) that tend to be cd4+ and restricted to hla-dr antigens. in this study, we present evidence that when hsv-1 stimulated human peripheral blood lymphocytes (pbl) are cocultured with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1), the generation of cd4+, dr-rest ... | 1990 | 2158337 |
| infrequent but efficient interferon-alpha-producing human mononuclear leukocytes induced by herpes simplex virus in vitro studied by immuno-plaque and limiting dilution assays. | human blood mononuclear leukocytes (pbmcs) producing interferon-alpha (ifn-alpha) after stimulation by herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv) in vitro were identified by a filter immuno-plaque assay. individual ifn-alpha-producing cells (ipcs) yielded between 0.5 and 2 units ifn-alpha, sufficient to protect cultures of mdbk cells against a viral challenge. therefore, their frequency could be determined by a limiting dilution assay as well as by an immuno-plaque assay. similar estimates of between 2 a ... | 1990 | 2158516 |
| stereospecific synthesis and antiviral properties of different enantiomerically pure carbocyclic 2'-deoxyribonucleoside analogues derived from common chiral pools: (+)-(1r,5s)- and (-)-(1s,5r)-2-oxabicyclo[3.3.0]oct-6-en-3-one. | enantiomerically pure (+)- and (-)-carbocyclic thymidine, (-)-carbocyclic 3'-epi-thymidine, (+)-carbocyclic 3'-deoxy-3'-azidothymidine, (+)-carbocyclic 2,3'-o-anhydrothymidine, (+)-carbocyclic 3'-o,6'-methylenethymidine, and (+)-(6's)-carbocyclic 6'-methylthymidine were synthesized in a stereospecific manner from common chiral pools of (+)-(1r,5s)- and (-)-(1s,5r)-2-oxabicyclo[3.3.0]oct-6-en-3-one and evaluated for antiviral activity. (+)-carbathymidine and, to a lesser extent, (+)-carbocyclic 2 ... | 1990 | 2158560 |
| herpes simplex virus type 1 dna polymerase. mechanism-based affinity chromatography. | the potent inhibition of herpes simplex type 1 (hsv-1) dna polymerase by acyclovir triphosphate has previously been shown to be due to the formation of a dead-end complex upon binding of the next 2'-deoxynucleoside 5'-triphosphate encoded by the template after incorporation of acyclovir monophosphate into the 3'-end of the primer (reardon, j. e., and spector, t. (1989) j. biol. chem. 264, 7405-7411). this mechanism of inhibition of hsv-1 dna polymerase has been used here to design an affinity co ... | 1990 | 2158986 |
| sandwich enzyme immunoassay and latex agglutination test for herpes simplex virus keratitis. | we determined the in vitro sensitivities and the diagnostic efficacies of a commercially available latex agglutination test and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using a rabbit model of herpes simplex virus type 1 dendritic keratitis. in contrast to the latex agglutination test, the herpchek enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay offers an extremely sensitive and reliable means of laboratory diagnosis of experimental herpes simplex virus keratitis and is more rapid than viral isolation in tissue c ... | 1990 | 2159019 |
| cmv-1, a genetic locus that controls murine cytomegalovirus replication in the spleen. | the genetic basis of the control of acute splenic mcmv infection was studied after intraperitoneal inoculation of the virus. classical mendelian analyses using c57bl/6 (resistant) and balb/c (susceptible) parental strains disclosed an autosomal dominant non-h-2 gene that regulates splenic virus replication. the probable location of this gene, to which we have assigned the symbol cmv-1, is on chromosome 6 as defined by the strain distribution pattern of splenic mcmv replication in cxb recombinant ... | 1990 | 2159050 |
| (+-)-(1 alpha,2 beta,3 alpha)-9-[2,3-bis(hydroxymethyl)-cyclobutyl] guanine [(+-)-bhcg or sq 33,054]: a potent and selective inhibitor of herpesviruses. | (+-)-(1 alpha,2 beta,3 alpha)-9-[2,3-bis(hydroxymethyl)cyclobutyl] guanine [(+-)-bhcg or sq 33,054] is a newly synthesized nucleoside analog with potent and selective antiviral activity against members of the herpesvirus group, including human cytomegalovirus. the activity against a thymidine kinase deficient hsv-2 mutant was 25-fold poorer than against the parent virus, suggesting that phosphorylation is an important prerequisite for antiviral activity against hsv-2. (+-)-bhcg is readily phosph ... | 1990 | 2159261 |
| a fast, simple reactivation method for the study of hsv-1 latency in the rabbit ocular model. | we developed a simple, fast, economical, and versatile reactivation method for the study of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) latency in the rabbit ocular model. intrastromal injection of sterile, deionized water induced reactivation and ocular shedding of latent hsv-1 in 21 of 27 eyes (78%) in 93% of new zealand rabbits. other control groups (eg, anterior chamber injection of sterile, deionized water; topical administration of sterile, deionized water; intrastromal injection of air; and intra ... | 1990 | 2159452 |
| corneal nerve disruption reactivates virus in rabbits latently infected with hsv-1. | trauma, inflammation, and neuronal stimulation or damage can reactive latent herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1). the innervation density of the corneal epithelium is 300-600 times that of skin and, therefore, corneal nerve disruption could provide a strong stimulus for hsv-1 reactivation. this study has documented hsv-1 ocular reactivation following three methods of corneal nerve disruption in rabbits. twenty hsv-1 latently infected rabbits (26 eyes) were divided into three groups: 7 rabbits re ... | 1990 | 2159453 |
| identification of herpes simplex virus type 1 glycoproteins interacting with the cell surface. | to investigate the interaction of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) with the cell surface, we studied the formation of complexes by hsv-1 virion proteins with biotinylated cell membrane components. hsv-1 virion proteins reactive with surface components of hep-2 and other cells were identified as gc, gb, and gd. results from competition experiments suggested that binding of gc, gb, and gd occurred in a noncooperative way. the observed complex formation could be specifically blocked by monospeci ... | 1990 | 2159526 |
| soluble forms of herpes simplex virus glycoprotein d bind to a limited number of cell surface receptors and inhibit virus entry into cells. | herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) and hsv-2 plaque production was inhibited by treating cells with soluble forms of hsv-1 glycoprotein d (gd-1t) and hsv-2 glycoprotein d (gd-2t). both glycoproteins inhibited entry of hsv-1 and hsv-2 without affecting virus adsorption. in contrast, a soluble form of hsv-2 glycoprotein b had no effect on virus entry into cells. specific binding of gd-1t and gd-2t to cells was saturable, and approximately 4 x 10(5) to 5 x 10(5) molecules bound per cell. binding o ... | 1990 | 2159532 |
| specific effect of interferon on the herpes simplex virus type 1 transactivation event. | human recombinant gamma interferon and to a lesser extent alpha interferon were shown to inhibit herpes simplex virus type 1 replication in the human cell lines wish and hep-2. dot blot analysis of viral dna synthesis and viral rna transcription indicated that the inhibition occurred at an early step in infection. a study of the early events after herpes simplex virus type 1 infection indicated that adsorption, penetration, uncoating, and transport of viral dna were not affected by interferon. n ... | 1990 | 2159533 |
| functional relevance of specific interactions between herpes simplex virus type 1 icp4 and sequences from the promoter-regulatory domain of the viral thymidine kinase gene. | the herpes simplex virus (hsv) type 1 immediate-early regulatory protein icp4 is required for induced expression of hsv early and late genes, yet the mechanism by which this occurs is not known. we examined the promoter and flanking sequences of the hsv early gene that encodes thymidine kinase for the ability to interact specifically with icp4 in gel retardation assays. protein-dna complexes containing icp4 were observed with several distinct regions flanking the tk promoter. cis-acting elements ... | 1990 | 2159535 |
| herpes simplex virus type 1 encodes two fc receptors which have different binding characteristics for monomeric immunoglobulin g (igg) and igg complexes. | two herpes simplex virus type 1 glycoproteins, ge and gi, have been shown to form a complex that binds the fc domain of immunoglobulin g (igg). we demonstrate that this complex is required for the binding of monomeric nonimmune igg but that ge alone is sufficient for binding polymeric igg in the form of igg complexes. evidence that ge but not gi is required for binding igg complexes is as follows. igg complexes bound equally well to cells infected with gi-negative mutants or with wild-type virus ... | 1990 | 2159540 |
| antiviral agents of plant origin. ii. antiviral activity of scopadulcic acid b derivatives. | scopadulcic acid b derivatives were synthesized and their antiviral activities against herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) were examined. all the derivatives synthesized showed lower inhibitory activities against hsv-1 than scopadulcic acid b (2). five compounds, 7, 8, 15, 16, and 18, however, had in vitro therapeutic indexes larger than 7 and were considered to merit further investigation. | 1990 | 2159855 |
| [diagnosis of varicella-zoster virus (vzv) infection by using fitc-labeled monoclonal antibodies]. | anti-varicella zoster virus (vzv) mouse monoclonal antibodies conjugated with fluorescein isothiocyanate were evaluated for their usefulness as a practical diagnostic tool in the clinical field by examining cells infected with isolated herpes viruses and 431 clinical samples. the kit stained clearly the cells infected with 14 isolated vzv strains without cross reaction to 15 isolated herpes simplex virus type-1 strains (hsv-1) and 14 type-2 (hsv-2) strains. in clinical specimens, viral antigens ... | 1990 | 2159967 |
| ribosome and protein synthesis modifications after infection of human epidermoid carcinoma cells with herpes simplex virus type 1. | modifications of ribosomes have been investigated in human epidermoid carcinoma-2 cells at different stages of herpes simplex virus type 1 infection. very early in infection, there is an increase in ribosomal protein s6 phosphorylation even in the absence of serum. the same result is obtained in the presence of actinomycin d. at early infection time, ribosomal proteins s2, s3a and sa are newly phosphorylated. at early and early-late times, three phosphorylated non-ribosomal proteins (v1, v2 and ... | 1990 | 2160050 |
| mechanism of action of 5-(2-chloroethyl)-2'-deoxyuridine, a selective inhibitor of herpes simplex virus replication. | 5-(2-chloroethyl)-2'-deoxyuridine (cedu) is a potent and selective inhibitor of the replication of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1). cedu is preferentially phosphorylated by hsv-infected (vero) cells, as compared with mock-infected cells or cells infected with a thymidine kinase-deficient strain of hsv-1. the end product of this phosphorylation process, cedu 5'-triphosphate, is a competitive inhibitor of hsv-1 dna polymerase activity and, to a lesser extent, of cellular dna polymerase alpha a ... | 1990 | 2160059 |
| neurobehavioral and immunological effects of prenatal cocaine exposure in rat. | time-pregnant sprague-dawley rats were injected subcutaneously with 20 mg/kg of cocaine hcl or 0.9% saline daily from gestation days 15 through 21. maternal plasma levels of approximately 720 ng/ml of cocaine did not alter maternal weight gain during treatment, duration of pregnancy, any of the litter variables or several indices of maternal behavior. offsprings' body weight from birth to 30 days of age and physical maturation were not generally affected by prenatal cocaine exposure. while the d ... | 1990 | 2160088 |
| inhibition of proteoglycan synthesis in human endothelial cells after infection with herpes simplex virus type 1 in vitro. | the effects of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) infection on proteoglycan synthesis by human endothelial cells were studied as a model of endothelial cell injury. confluent cultures of early passage endothelial cells from human umbilical vein were infected with hsv-1 at multiplicities of infection from 0.001 to 1.0. hsv-1 infection produced a dose-dependent inhibition of total proteoglycan synthesis of up to 85%. although there was a 2- to 3-fold increase in the quantity of virus necessary to ... | 1990 | 2160254 |
| synthesis and antiviral activity of (s)-9-[4-hydroxy-3-(phosphonomethoxy)butyl]guanine. | the synthesis of (s)-9-[4-hydroxy-3-(phosphonomethoxy)butyl]guanine (3), starting from (s)-4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolane (4), is described. alkylation of trityl derivative 7 with (diethylphosphono)methyl triflate provided phosphonate 8, which was readily converted to mesylate 12 in three steps. nucleophilic substitution of the mesylate group of 12 by 2-amino-6-chloropurine sodium salt led to (s)-2-amino-6-chloro-9-[3-[(diethyl-phosphono)methoxy]-4-(tetrahydro- 2h-pyran-2-yloxy)bu ... | 1990 | 2160539 |
| chromosome abnormalities in squamous cell carcinoma of the human oral cavity. | cytogenetic studies carried out in tissues of 75 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity gave satisfactory results in 12 cases. remarkable variation characterized the modal chromosome numbers of these tumors, ranging from marked hypodiploidy to tetraploidy. chromosomes which were lost belonged to group a whereas chromosomes which were gained belonged to groups c, d, e, f and g. marker chromosomes were present in three cases. there was no correlation between the chromosome abnorm ... | 1990 | 2160621 |
| spatial constraints on polyadenylation signal function. | efficient cleavage and polyadenylation of eukaryotic messenger rnas require at least two signal elements: an aauaaa or closely related sequence located 7-30 base pairs (bp) upstream of the site of processing, and a g/u- or u-rich sequence located 3' to the cleavage site. the herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase (tk) gene contains two copies of the aataaa hexanucleotide and a gt-rich region. we have shown that the first aataaa and the gt-rich region are essential for efficient processing, ... | 1990 | 2160955 |
| interaction of cell and virus proteins with dna sequences encompassing the promoter/regulatory and leader regions of the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase gene. | during the course of a productive infection with herpes simplex virus (hsv), gene expression is coordinately regulated in a cascade fashion. three major kinetic classes of genes, termed alpha, beta, and gamma, are sequentially activated. the mechanism responsible for repression and subsequent activation of beta and gamma genes is not known. a mobility-shift electrophoresis assay was used to examine dna fragments containing the promoter/regulatory and the mrna leader regions of the thymidine kina ... | 1990 | 2160977 |
| identification of the genes encoding two capsid proteins of herpes simplex virus type 1 by direct amino acid sequencing. | amino-terminal amino acid sequencing was carried out on proteins purified from herpes simplex virus type 1 capsids. the sequences of two capsid proteins (vp19c and vp23) showed them to be encoded by genes ul38 and ul18, respectively. the product of ul38 has been shown to be essential for capsid assembly, but no role has previously been assigned to the product of ul18. | 1990 | 2161052 |
| expression of bovine herpesvirus type 1 glycoprotein gi in transfected bovine cells induces spontaneous cell fusion. | bovine mdbk cells were transfected with rous sarcoma virus-based vectors for constitutive expression of the bovine herpesvirus type 1 (bhv-1) glycoprotein, gi. cell lines stably expressing recombinant gi were cloned and characterized. recombinant gi was localized intracellularly, predominantly in a perinuclear region, and on the cell surface. cells expressing gi exhibited spontaneous polykaryon formation, thus confirming the fusogenic activity described previously in gi-expressing transfected mu ... | 1990 | 2161053 |
| comparison of heparin-sensitive attachment of pseudorabies virus (prv) and herpes simplex virus type 1 and identification of heparin-binding prv glycoproteins. | to determine whether heparan sulphate residues on the cellular surface could serve as an attachment receptor for pseudorabies virus (prv), the effect of heparin on prv in plaque reduction and adsorption tests was investigated. prv was significantly less sensitive to heparin than was herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1). at concentrations of 500 micrograms/ml heparin the number of plaques formed by prv was reduced to 7% of the untreated control whereas the number of plaques formed by hsv-1 was red ... | 1990 | 2161054 |
| nucleotide sequence of the herpes simplex virus type-2 syn gene that causes cell fusion. | the nucleotide (nt) sequence of the entire coding region of the syn gene of herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) is reported. the amino acid (aa) sequence deduced from the nt sequence has been compared to analogous herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) syn gene that causes cell fusion. the aa sequences are 82.8% homologous and contain a highly conserved region of 90 aa. these results identify some of the conserved regions in the coding sequences between the two types. | 1990 | 2161382 |
| a microtiter virus yield reduction assay for the evaluation of antiviral compounds against human cytomegalovirus and herpes simplex virus. | although the virus yield reduction assay is a powerful technique for evaluating the efficacy of antiviral compounds, it is not routinely utilized due to its labor-intensive nature. this procedure was modified, developed, thereby reducing greatly the time and effort required to perform yield reduction assays. monolayer cultures of mammalian cells were grown in 96-well microtiter tissue culture plates and infected with virus. test compounds were added and serially diluted directly with the plates. ... | 1990 | 2161417 |
| [tonometer sterilization. the inactivation of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) and adenovirus (type 2) by ultraviolet radiation]. | thirty seconds of ultraviolet radiation was sufficient to completely sterilize the probes of hand applanation tonometers highly contaminated with herpes simplex virus type i and adenovirus type 2. application of the method and clinical consequences are discussed. | 1990 | 2161482 |
| spread of herpes simplex virus type 1 in the central nervous system during experimentally reactivated encephalitis. | because many of the features of reactivated herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) central nervous systems (cns) infections in vivo are incompletely understood, we used an animal model to study the development of the morphological, ultrastructural, radiological and immunological changes which occurred during acute and experimentally reactivated diseases. rabbits were intranasally inoculated with hsv-1, and their latent trigeminal ganglionic and cns infections were reactivated by intravenous injecti ... | 1990 | 2161485 |
| characterization of the gene encoding herpesvirus of turkeys gp57-65: comparison to marek's disease virus gp57-65 and herpes simplex virus glycoprotein c. | a gene encoding herpesvirus of turkeys (hvt) strain fc 126 gp57-65 has been mapped to the viral genome and sequenced. the hvt (fc 126) gp57-65 gene maps to bamhi fragments k1 and m, colinear with the gene from marek's disease virus (mdv) strain ga. hvt gp57-65 gene sequences were compared to the mdv strain ga gp57-65 gene that we sequenced previously. overall, the two sequences are 66% identical, with greater similarity in the 3' proximal two thirds of the genes. hvt gp57-65 gene sequences have ... | 1990 | 2161583 |
| neutralization of purified herpes simplex virus dna polymerase by two antipeptide sera. | synthetic peptides corresponding to amino acid sequences present in the herpes simplex virus type-1 (hsv-1) dna polymerase (pol) were used to raise polyclonal rabbit antisera. the three peptides described in detail in this report were among seven sequences chosen for initial studies designed to generate reagents capable of recognizing discrete regions of the hsv-1 pol protein from the amino to carboxy termini. two of the peptides, designated p6 and p7, representing amino acid residues 1100-1108 ... | 1990 | 2161584 |
| herpes simplex virus-encoded ribonucleotide reductase: evidence for the dissociation/reassociation of the holoenzyme. | 35s-labeled cells infected with herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1), temperature-sensitive (ts) mutant ts 1222 were used as a source of the large subunit of the viral ribonucleotide reductase (rr) to investigate the binding of the large (rr1) and small (rr2) subunits in the active enzyme. mixing 35s-labeled rr1 from ts 1222 with unlabeled rr1/rr2 complex from wild type (wt) infected cells resulted in the formation of a complex between 35s-labeled rr1 and unlabeled rr2, indicating that the comple ... | 1990 | 2161585 |
| [experimental study of 472 herbs with antiviral action against the herpes simplex virus]. | using tissue culture method, the present work with its first-hand observation was primarily concerned with evaluating the antiviral effect of 472 traditional medicinal herbs (comprising raw material 10 mg/ml), through both initial (qualitative) and repeated (quantitative) screens, on type 1 herpes simplex virus. when dealing with water and alcoholic extracts, the effective herbs during initial screens were reduced after repeated screens by a range of 28.8-80.0%. employing the basic value attaine ... | 1990 | 2161714 |
| rheumatoid factors may bear the internal image of the fc gamma-binding protein of herpes simplex virus type 1. | affinity-purified rheumatoid factors (rf) from 20 patients with rheumatoid arthritis were tested for their reactivity with the mab ii-481 against glycoprotein e (ge), the fc gamma-binding protein of hsv-1, as well as with a panel of mab against human fc gamma r. all rf bound to mab ii-481 in preference to mab iv.3 (anti-human fc gamma rii) or mopc 141 (control mab) which belong to the same igg2b subclass. five rf showed strong reactivity with ii-481. no significant reactivity was observed betwee ... | 1990 | 2161877 |
| mononuclear phagocytes and hsv-1 infection: increased permissivity in differentiated u937 cells is mediated by post-transcriptional regulation of viral immediate-early gene expression. | undifferentiated u937 cells are non-permissive for herpes simplex virus (hsv) infection but can be rendered permissive by treatment with phorbol myristate acetate (pma), which causes them to differentiate to a macrophage-like phenotype. following infection with hsv, both pma--treated and untreated cells correctly transcribe the viral immediate-early genes at levels comparable to those observed in fully permissive cell types, but immediate-early rna and protein are detected only in the pma-treate ... | 1990 | 2161891 |
| inhibition of equine herpesvirus type 1 subtype 1-induced ribonucleotide reductase by the nonapeptide yagavvndl. | the synthetic nonapeptide yagavvndl [identical to the nine carboxy-terminal amino acids of the small subunit of herpes simplex virus (hsv)-encoded ribonucleotide reductase (rr)] was found to inhibit the rr activity induced by equine herpesvirus type 1 subtype 1 (ehv-1). parallel experiments with hsv type 1 (hsv-1)-encoded rr established that the concentration of peptide required to inhibit 50% of the rr activity was 28 microm for both enzymes. the optimum ph for the ehv-1 enzyme was found to be ... | 1990 | 2161904 |
| two binding sites for the herpes simplex virus type 1 ul9 protein are required for efficient activity of the oris replication origin. | two sites within the short region origin of dna replication (oris) in herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) which bind the product of the ul9 gene have previously been identified. one of these sites (site i) contains an 11 bp sequence which is also present in oris of varicella-zoster virus, and the other (site ii) includes a related element differing in two positions. a third sequence (motif iii), which lies close to binding site i, differs from the site i element at only a single position. we hav ... | 1990 | 2161905 |
| comparative dna sequence analysis of the host shutoff genes of different strains of herpes simplex virus: type 2 strain hg52 encodes a truncated ul41 product. | herpes simplex virus (hsv) particles contain a factor which can shut off host protein synthesis during the earliest stages of infection. the efficiency of shutoff varies between different strains of virus, type 2 strains being generally more active than type 1 strains. however, hsv-2 strain hg52 is deficient in host cell shutoff. we have investigated the basis of the different shutoff phenotypes of a strong shutoff strain (hsv-2 strain g), a weak shutoff virus (hsv-1 strain 17 syn+) and hg52 by ... | 1990 | 2161906 |
| regulation and cell-type-specific activity of a promoter located upstream of the latency-associated transcript of herpes simplex virus type 1. | to identify promoter regions which control expression of the latency-associated transcript (lat) of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1), we constructed a series of recombinant vectors in which various sequences upstream of lat were linked to the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene and tested for expression efficiency by transfection into tissue culture cells. in hela cells no activity was observed from the region (-250 to +201) immediately surrounding the nominal 5' end of lat, but high level ... | 1990 | 2161941 |
| resistance to influenza virus and vesicular stomatitis virus conferred by expression of human mxa protein. | mxa and mxb are interferon-induced proteins of human cells and are related to the murine protein mx1, which confers selective resistance to influenza virus. in contrast to the nuclear murine protein mx1, mxa and mxb are located in the cytoplasm, and their role in the interferon-induced antiviral state was unknown. in this report we show that transfected cell lines expressing mxa acquired a high degree of resistance to influenza a virus. surprisingly, mxa also conferred resistance to vesicular st ... | 1990 | 2161946 |
| a herpes simplex virus type 1 latency-associated transcript mutant reactivates with normal kinetics from latent infection. | the herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) latency-associated transcripts (lats) accumulate in neuronal nuclei of latently infected ganglia. explant reactivation kinetics of lat deletion mutants in the mouse eye model have suggested a role for the lats in the reactivation process. this report describes the construction and characterization of an hsv-1 strain hfem mutant, tb1, disrupted within both copies of the lat gene. tb1 contains a 440-base-pair segment of bacteriophage lambda dna in place of a ... | 1990 | 2161947 |
| the herpes simplex virus us11 open reading frame encodes a sequence-specific rna-binding protein. | herpes simplex virus 1- and 2 (hsv-1 and hsv-2)-infected cell extracts but not uninfected cell extracts contain an rna-binding activity for an in vitro-transcribed sequence from the domains of the hsv-1 us11 and alpha 47 genes. the transcript of this sequence has not been detected in infected cells. the binding is sequence and secondary structure specific and protects approximately 95 nucleotides from rnase digestion. analyses of hsv-1 x hsv-2 recombinants and hsv-1 deletion mutants mapped the f ... | 1990 | 2161949 |
| the repressing and enhancing functions of the herpes simplex virus regulatory protein icp27 map to c-terminal regions and are required to modulate viral gene expression very early in infection. | the phenotypic properties of icp27 temperature-sensitive and deletion mutants and the results of transient expression assays have demonstrated that icp27 has a modulatory effect on viral gene expression induced by icps 0 and 4. in order to identify the regions of the icp27 molecule that are responsible for its enhancing and repressing activities, 10 nonsense and 3 in-frame deletion mutations were introduced into the coding sequence of the cloned icp27 gene. these mutant genes were tested in tran ... | 1990 | 2161950 |
| the putative cytoplasmic domain of the pseudorabies virus envelope protein giii, the herpes simplex virus type 1 glycoprotein c homolog, is not required for normal export and localization. | glycoprotein giii of pseudorabies virus is a member of a conserved gene family found in at least seven diverse herpesviruses. we report here that the putative cytoplasmic domain of giii is not required for transport to the cell surface and, unlike the prototype domain from herpes simplex virus type 1 glycoprotein c, is not required for stable membrane anchoring. furthermore, this domain does not appear to be essential for incorporation of the glycoprotein into virions. | 1990 | 2161953 |
| detection of varicella-zoster virus dna by field-inversion gel electrophoresis. | a new method for detection of varicella-zoster virus (vzv) dna using field-inversion gel electrophoresis (fige) was devised. vzv-genomic dna could be differentiated from the host cell dna of human embryonic lung (hel) fibroblasts infected with vzv under electrophoretic conditions allowing resolution of linear and double-stranded dnas in the 49-230 kilobase pairs (kb) range. the detection of vzv-genomic dna from infected hel cells was successful regardless of whether the vzv was a laboratory stra ... | 1990 | 2161996 |
| antiherpes virus activity and effect on deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate pools of (e)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2'-deoxycytidine in combination with deaminase inhibitors. | the antiviral activity and cytotoxicity of (e)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2'-deoxycytidine (brvdcyd) against herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1), singly and in combination with deaminase inhibitors was determined using rabbit kidney (rk-13), hep-2, bhk-21 and vero cells. brvdcyd was a potent inhibitor of hsv-1 replication with ed50 values of 0.30 to 1.20 microm depending on the cell line used. in the presence of tetrahydrouridine or tetrahydrodeoxyuridine (h4durd), potency of brvdcyd increased approximate ... | 1990 | 2162147 |
| conversion of the lac repressor into an allosterically regulated transcriptional activator for mammalian cells. | a novel mammalian regulatory system was created by using the escherichia coli lac repressor. the lac repressor was converted into a mammalian transcriptional activator by modifying the lac repressor coding region to include a nuclear localization signal from the simian virus 40 (sv40) large tumor antigen and the transcription activation domain from the herpes simplex virus type 1 virion protein 16. the lac activator protein (lap) fusions were potent activators of several promoters containing lac ... | 1990 | 2162473 |
| fibroblast growth factor receptor is a portal of cellular entry for herpes simplex virus type 1. | herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) is a ubiquitous pathogen responsible for considerable morbidity in the general population. the results presented herein establish the basic fibroblast growth factor (fgf) receptor as a means of entry of hsv-1 into vertebrate cells. inhibitors of basic fgf binding to its receptor and competitive polypeptide antagonists of basic fgf prevented hsv-1 uptake. chinese hamster ovary (cho) cells that do not express fgf receptors are resistant to hsv-1 entry; however, ... | 1990 | 2162560 |
| the frequency of unrecognized type 2 herpes simplex virus infection among women. implications for the control of genital herpes. | to evaluate the prevalence of symptomatic versus asymptomatic or unrecognized type 2 herpes simplex virus (hsv-2) infection, the authors performed physical examination, viral cultures, and type-specific serologic assays in 776 randomly selected women attending an std clinic and 636 female university students. forty-six percent of women attending the std clinic compared with 8.8% of the university students had serologic evidence of hsv-2 infection. clinical or historical evidence of genital herpe ... | 1990 | 2163115 |