| hydrodynamic drag in steller sea lions (eumetopias jubatus). | drag forces acting on steller sea lions (eumetopias jubatus) were investigated from 'deceleration during glide' measurements. a total of 66 glides from six juvenile sea lions yielded a mean drag coefficient (referenced to total wetted surface area) of 0.0056 at a mean reynolds number of 5.5x10(6). the drag values indicate that the boundary layer is largely turbulent for steller sea lions swimming at these reynolds numbers, which are past the point of expected transition from laminar to turbulent ... | 2000 | 10821748 |
| metabolic effects of low-energy diet on steller sea lions, eumetopias jubatus. | diets of six steller sea lions (eumetopias jubatus) were switched between a high (herring) and a low (squid) energy density food for 14 d to determine the effects on ingested prey mass, body mass, resting metabolic rate, and the heat increment of feeding. body mass was measured daily, and resting metabolism was measured weekly by gas respirometry. ingested food mass did not differ significantly between the squid diet and the control or the recovery herring diet periods. as a result of difference ... | 2006 | 10603336 |
| adenocarcinoma of the lung in a steller sea lion (eumetopias jubatus). | the histological and ultrastructural characteristics of an adenocarcinoma of the lung are described in an about 16-year-old female steller sea lion with a 1.5 month history of cough and anorexia. the animal had multiple neoplastic nodules in the lungs and diaphragmatic pleura. the bronchial and mediastinal lymph nodes were replaced by neoplastic tissue, and there were several metastatic lesions in the liver and spleen. the lung tumor was characterized by accumulations of encapsulated lesions wit ... | 1998 | 9879538 |
| health status of young alaska steller sea lion pups (eumetopias jubatus) as indicated by blood chemistry and hematology. | blood chemistry and hematology were examined in 238 steller sea lion pups (eumetopias jubatus) to assess the health status of pups <1 month of age. failure of juvenile recruitment (possibly due to nutritionally or physiologically compromised pups) into breeding populations has been proposed as a cause of recent declines of this endangered species in alaska. to identify potential correlations with areas of high population decline, blood chemistry data were considered for three areas: eastern aleu ... | 1998 | 10400492 |
| plasma angiotensin ii, arginine vasopressin and atrial natriuretic peptide in free ranging and captive seals and sea lions. | we used radioimmunoassay methods to quantify arginine vasopressin (avp), atrial natriuretic peptide (anp), and angiotensin ii (ang ii) in plasma samples from harbor seals (phoca vitulina richardsii), weddell seals (leptonychotes weddellii), northern elephant seals (mirounga angustirostris), ringed seals (phoca hispida), california sea lions (zalophus californianus), and steller sea lions (eumetopias jubatus). plasma concentrations of avp, anp, and ang ii in these pinniped species were within the ... | 1998 | 9568367 |
| heat increment of feeding in steller sea lions, eumetopias jubatus. | the heat increment of feeding (hif) was measured in six captive, juvenile steller sea lions (eumetopias jubatus), fed meals of either 2 or 4 kg of herring. hif was calculated as the post-prandial increase in metabolism above baseline levels, and was measured using open-circuit (gas) respirometry. it averaged 12.4 +/- 0.9% (se) of ingested energy intake for the 4-kg meal trials, and 9.9 +/- 0.9% for the 2-kg meal size. the effect lasted 8-10 hr for the larger meal size. metabolism peaked 3.7 hr a ... | 1997 | 9406451 |
| plasma haptoglobin levels in threatened alaskan pinniped populations. | we evaluated the plasma concentration of the acute phase protein haptoglobin (hp) from steller sea lions (eumetopias jubatus) and harbor seals (phoca vitulina) in regions of alaska (usa) where the populations of these pinnipeds were declining and compared the values with concentrations of hp from the same species in areas where the populations were stable. samples were collected from 1992 through 1994 at sites in southeast alaska, prince william sound, the gulf of alaska, and the aleutian island ... | 1997 | 9027692 |
| use of telazol to immobilize female northern sea lions (eumetopias jubatus) in alaska. | twenty-nine female northern sea lions (eumetopias jubatus) were immobilized using telazol in dosages ranging from 1.8 to 8.1 mg/kg. best results were achieved with telazol dosages ranging between 1.8 and 2.5 mg/kg which resulted in smooth induction and recovery. optimal injection location was in the muscle mass of the lower back and hip. dosages greater than 3.5 mg/kg resulted in a tendency toward hypothermia. six mortalities occurred which were partially caused by the location of drug injection ... | 1989 | 2761007 |
| gastric ulcers associated with contracaecum spp. (nematoda: ascaroidea) in a steller sea lion and a white pelican. | | 1971 | 5165972 |
| gastric ulcers associated with contracaecum spp. (nematoda: ascaroidea) in a steller sea lion and a white pelican. | | 1971 | 5163743 |
| some observations on the play behavior of the steller sea lion (eumetopias jubata). | | 1971 | 5104270 |
| visual acuity of the harbour seal and the steller sea lion under water. | | 1970 | 5442357 |
| novel gammaherpesviruses in north american domestic cats, bobcats, and pumas: identification, prevalence, and risk factors. | gammaherpesviruses (ghvs) are a diverse and rapidly expanding group of viruses associated with a variety of disease conditions in humans and animals. to identify felid ghvs, we screened domestic cat (felis catus), bobcat (lynx rufus), and puma (puma concolor) blood cell dna samples from california, colorado, and florida using a degenerate pan-ghv pcr. additional pan-ghv and long-distance pcrs were used to sequence a contiguous 3.4-kb region of each putative virus species, including partial glyco ... | 2014 | 24453374 |
| development and validation of a fecal pcr assay for notoedres cati and application to notoedric mange cases in bobcats (lynx rufus) in northern california, usa. | notoedric mange in felids is a devastating disease caused by a hypersensitivity reaction to the mite notoedres cati. the burrowing of the mite causes intense pruritis resulting in self-mutilation, secondary bacterial infection, and often death of affected felids if left untreated. our understanding of how notoedric mange is maintained in felid populations, and the true geographic extent of infestations, has been hampered because wild felids are elusive and, thus, traditional diagnostic methods a ... | 2013 | 23568905 |
| personality structure in the domestic cat (felis silvestris catus), scottish wildcat (felis silvestris grampia), clouded leopard (neofelis nebulosa), snow leopard (panthera uncia), and african lion (panthera leo): a comparative study. | although the study of nonhuman personality has increased in the last decade, there are still few studies on felid species, and the majority focus on domestic cats. we assessed the structure of personality and its reliability in five felids-domestic cats, clouded leopards, snow leopards, african lions, and previous data on scottish wildcats-and compared the results. in addition to the benefits of understanding more about this taxon, comparative studies of personality structure have the potential ... | 2014 | 25111629 |
| needle biopsy for hepatic vitamin a levels in lions (panthera leo). | hypovitaminosis a (ha)-related skull malformations resulting in neurologic abnormalities and death have been, and still are, reported in captive lions (panthera leo) worldwide. liver vitamin a (va) concentration is the most reliable indicator of animals' va status, and its assessment is essential in prevention and treatment of ha in lions. a percutaneous needle liver biopsy using high-performance liquid chromatography ultraviolet retinoid analysis for va concentration measurement was validated. ... | 2012 | 22779221 |
| survey of malassezia sp and dermatophytes in the cutaneous microbiome of free-ranging golden-headed lion tamarins (leontopithecus chrysomelas - kuhl, 1820). | data about the presence of fungi on the cutaneous surface of wild animals are scarce. the aim of this study was to survey dermatophytes and malassezia sp in the external ear canal and haircoat of leontopithecus chrysomelas. | 2017 | 28271525 |
| anthropozoonotic endoparasites in free-ranging "urban" south american sea lions (otaria flavescens). | the present study represents the first report on the gastrointestinal endoparasite fauna of a free-ranging "urban" colony of south american sea lions (otaria flavescens) living within the city of valdivia, chile. a total of 40 individual faecal samples of south american sea lions were collected during the year 2012 within their natural habitat along the river calle-calle and in the local fish market of valdivia. coprological analyses applying sodium acetate acetic formalin methanol (saf) techniq ... | 2016 | 27051860 |
| inconsistency of allometric scaling for dissociative anesthesia of wild felids. | to evaluate allometric scaling for ketamine-xylazine (kx) anesthesia in wild felids using domestic cats for reference. | 2016 | 26376437 |
| mechanism of asymmetric hydrogenation of aromatic ketones catalyzed by a combined system of ru(π-ch2c(ch3)ch2)2(cod) and the chiral sp(2)n/sp(3)nh hybrid linear n4 ligand ph-binan-h-py. | the combination of a goodwin-lions-type chiral n4 ligand, (r)-ph-binan-h-py ((r)-3,3'-diphenyl-n(2),n(2')-bis((pyridin-2-yl)methyl)-1,1'-binaphthyl-2,2'-diamine; l), with ru(π-ch2c(ch3)ch2)2(cod) (a) (cod = 1,5-cyclooctadiene) catalyzes the hydrogenation of acetophenone (ap) to (r)-1-phenylethanol (pe) with a high enantiomer ratio (er). almost no ru complex forms, with a and l remaining intact throughout the reaction while generating pe quantitatively according to [pe] = k(obs)t(2). an infinites ... | 2015 | 26046693 |
| laparoscopic implantation of neuromodulators for treating urinary dysfunctions and improving locomotion in multiple sclerosis patients. | the laparoscopic implantation of neuromodulation electrodes--the lion procedure--was first described as a rescue procedure in patients with local complications of a brindley procedure. the objective of this video article is to demonstrate the technique for the laparoscopic implantation of electrodes for bilateral neuromodulation of femoral, sciatic and pudendal nerves and describe our initial experience with two multiple sclerosis (ms) patients. | 2015 | 25944656 |
| description of uncinaria lyonsi n. sp. (nematoda: ancylostomatidae) from the california sea lion zalophus californianus lesson (carnivora: otariidae). | a new species of hookworm, uncinaria lyonsi n. sp., is described based on morphological studies of the nematodes collected by dr. e. t. lyons from the california sea lion zalophus californianus (lesson) on san miguel island, california, usa. the new species is morphologically similar to three other species of the genus uncinaria frölich, 1789 parasitising pinnipeds, u. lucasi stiles, 1901, u. hamiltoni baylis, 1933 and u. sanguinis marcus, higgins, šlapeta & gray, 2014, in the body dimensions, t ... | 2015 | 25655115 |
| a new machairodont from the palmetto fauna (early pliocene) of florida, with comments on the origin of the smilodontini (mammalia, carnivora, felidae). | south-central florida's latest hemphillian palmetto fauna includes two machairodontine felids, the lion-sized machairodus coloradensis and a smaller, jaguar-sized species, initially referred to megantereon hesperus based on a single, relatively incomplete mandible. this made the latter the oldest record of megantereon, suggesting a new world origin of the genus. subsequent workers variously accepted or rejected this identification and biogeographic scenario. fortunately, new material, which pres ... | 2013 | 23516394 |
| phaeobacter leonis sp. nov., an alphaproteobacterium from mediterranean sea sediments. | a novel gram-stain-negative, strictly aerobic, heterotrophic bacterium, designated 306(t), was isolated from near-surface (109 cm below the sea floor) sediments of the gulf of lions, in the mediterranean sea. strain 306(t) grew at temperatures between 4 and 32 °c (optimum 17-22 °c), from ph 6.5 to 9.0 (optimum 8.0-9.0) and between 0.5 and 6.0% (w/v) nacl (optimum 2.0%). its dna g+c content was 58.8 mol%. on the basis of 16s rrna gene sequence similarity, the novel isolate belongs to the class al ... | 2013 | 23475346 |
| persistent neurological damage associated with spontaneous recurrent seizures and atypical aggressive behavior of domoic acid epileptic disease. | the harmful alga pseudo-nitzschia sp. is the cause of human amnesic shellfish poisoning and the stranding of thousands of sea lions with seizures as a hallmark symptom. a human case study and epidemiological report of hundreds of stranded sea lions found individuals presenting months after recovery with a neurological disease similar to temporal lobe epilepsy. a rat model developed to establish and better predict how epileptic disease results from domoic acid poisoning demonstrated that a single ... | 2013 | 23457124 |
| oribatid mite fossils from pre-quaternary sediments in slovenian caves ii. amiracarus pliocennatus n.gen., n.sp. (microzetidae) from pliocene, with comments on the other species of the genus. | amiracarus pliocennatus n. gen., n. sp. is described based on fossils found in pliocene and pleistocene clastic sediments in caves of the slovenian classical karst (kras). diagnosis and relationships of the new genus are given and relationships within the extant species of the genus are discussed as well as variability and reliability of some characters, used for species differentiation. amiracarus senensis (bernini 1975) n. comb. is proposed as a type species of the new genus, and other four ex ... | 2013 | 26438960 |
| a new species of leotichius distant (hemiptera: heteroptera: leptopodidae) from cambodia. | one new species, leotichius schuhi jung sp. nov., that shared habitat with the larvae of xeric adapted ant-lions (neuroptera), is described from northern cambodia. diagnosis, description and biological notes of the new species are presented. | 2013 | 26046184 |
| a new species of ascocotyle (trematoda: heterophyidae) from the south american sea lion, otaria flavescens, off patagonia, argentina. | we describe a new heterophyid species, ascocotyle (ascocotyle) patagoniensis n. sp., based on specimens collected from the intestines of the south american sea lion otaria flavescens from patagonia (argentina). ascocotyle (a.) patagoniensis n. sp. is distinguished from the other species of the subgenus by the number of circumoral spines, which are arranged in 2 rows of 18 to 23. the new species also differs from the other species in having a gonotyl without papillae. the specimens exhibited the ... | 2012 | 22375817 |
| informative microsatellites for genetic population studies of black-faced lion tamarins (leontopithecus caissara). | leontopithecus caissara is a critically endangered primate species from the brazilian atlantic forest. nineteen microsatellite loci, previously developed for congeneric species, were tested with 34 l. caissara individuals from superagüi island. of the 19 loci, 17 (89.4%) produced robust alleles, nine (47.4%) of these proved to be polymorphic, with a total of 23 alleles and an average of 2.56 alleles per locus. expected and observed heterozygosity averaged 0.483 and 0.561, respectively. the exclu ... | 2011 | 21637563 |
| sub-optimal pit construction in predatory ant lion larvae (myrmeleon sp.). | the impacts on energy gains of two aspects of ant lion pit architecture were investigated in a natural population of pit-building ant lion larvae (myrmeleon sp.) in costa rica. field and laboratory settings were used to examine the impacts of circumference and depth of the pit on net energy gain rate. an optimization model predicted a point optimum circumference and angle of depression in an unconstrained system, and positive correlations between body mass, pit circumference, and pit angle of de ... | 2009 | 19501105 |
| positive selection in the n-terminal extramembrane domain of lung surfactant protein c (sp-c) in marine mammals. | maximum-likelihood models of codon and amino acid substitution were used to analyze the lung-specific surfactant protein c (sp-c) from terrestrial, semi-aquatic, and diving mammals to identify lineages and amino acid sites under positive selection. site models used the nonsynonymous/synonymous rate ratio (omega) as an indicator of selection pressure. mechanistic models used physicochemical distances between amino acid substitutions to specify nonsynonymous substitution rates. site models strongl ... | 2007 | 17568982 |
| histology of the sternal and suprapubic skin areas in lion tamarins (leontopithecus sp. callitrichidae-primates). | though knowledge regarding the biology and morphology of lion tamarins is scarce in the literature, it is very important for their conservation. this paper focuses on the anatomical and histological aspects of the glands involved in the scent-marking behavior of lion tamarins. it examines the histological aspects of sternal and suprapubic skin sections of specimens that were preserved in formaldehyde and were the property of the rio de janeiro primatology center museum. eighteen specimens from t ... | 2006 | 16892413 |
| the development of the pulmonary surfactant system in california sea lions. | pulmonary surfactant has previously been shown to change during development, both in composition and function. adult pinnipeds, unlike adult terrestrial mammals, have an altered lung physiology to cope with the high pressures associated with deep diving. here, we investigated how surfactant composition and function develop in california sea lions (zalophus californianus). phosphatidylinositol was the major anionic phospholipid in the newborn, whereas phosphatidylglycerol was increased in the adu ... | 2005 | 15964230 |
| [description of 2 new species of the genus cycloplectanum oliver, 1968 (monogenea, monopisthocotylea, diplectanidae)]. | the author propose cycloplectanum beverleyburtonae n. sp. to name the gill parasite discovered on epinephelus guaza (linnaeus, 1758) ( serranidae ) in the mediterranean sea (gulf of lion) reported to diplectanum americanum price, 1937 and cycloplectanum caballeroi n. sp. to name the gill parasite discovered on stereolepis gigas ayres , 1809 ( percichthyidae ) off the mexican coast of the pacific ocean also reported to diplectanum americanum price, 1937. | 1984 | 6721367 |
| demodex zalophi sp. nov. (acari : demodicidae) from zalophus californianus, the california sea lion. | | 1980 | 7211143 |
| matching based on biological categories in orangutans (pongo abelii) and a gorilla (gorilla gorilla gorilla). | following a series of experiments in which six orangutans and one gorilla discriminated photographs of different animal species in a two-choice touch screen procedure, vonk & macdonald (2002) and vonk & macdonald (2004) concluded that orangutans, but not the gorilla, seemed to learn intermediate level category discriminations, such as primates versus non-primates, more rapidly than they learned concrete level discriminations, such as orangutans versus humans. in the current experiments, four of ... | 2013 | 24058886 |
| assessing host-parasite specificity through coprological analysis: a case study with species of corynosoma (acanthocephala: polymorphidae) from marine mammals. | in this paper we report an investigation of the utility of coprological analysis as an alternative technique to study parasite specificity whenever host sampling is problematic; acanthocephalans from marine mammals were used as a model. a total of 252 scats from the south american sea lion, otaria flavescens, and rectal faeces from 43 franciscanas, pontoporia blainvillei, from buenos aires province, were examined for acanthocephalans. specimens of two species, i.e. corynosoma australe and c. cet ... | 2012 | 21554836 |
| isolation of escherichia coli 0157:h7 strain from fecal samples of zoo animal. | the isolation and characterization of escherichia coli o157:h7 strains from 22 out of 174 fecal samples from petting zoo animals representing twenty-two different species (camel, lion, goats, zebra, bear, baboon monkey, siberian monkey, deer, elk, llama, pony, horses, fox, kangaroo, wolf, porcupine, chickens, tiger, ostrich, hyena, dogs, and wildcats) were investigated. one petting al-zawraa zoological society of baghdad was investigated for e. coli o157:h7 over a 16-month period that spanned tw ... | 2013 | 24489514 |
| complete genome sequence of a novel picobirnavirus, otarine picobirnavirus, discovered in california sea lions. | we discovered a novel otarine picobirnavirus in fecal samples of california sea lions. its genome contains a large segment with two open reading frames (orfs), orf1 encoding a putative protein of 163 amino acids with unknown function and orf2 encoding capsid protein, and a small segment with one orf encoding rna-dependent rna polymerase. | 2012 | 22570247 |
| picobirnavirus in captive animals from uruguay: identification of new hosts. | the picobirnaviruses (pbvs) have been detected in several species of animals from different countries worldwide, including in south america. the host range of these viruses has increased in recent years; thus, in order to contribute to the knowledge in this topic we analyzed samples from captivity animals from uruguay. we found the presence of pbvs in four species of animals, panthera leo, panthera onca, puma concolor and oncifelis geoffroyi, representing new pbv-susceptible hosts. all strains b ... | 2013 | 22759924 |
| opposite effects of male and female helpers on social tolerance and proactive prosociality in callitrichid family groups. | across a broad variety of primate species (including lemurs, new world monkeys, old world monkeys, and apes), proactive prosociality and social tolerance are linked to allomaternal care, reaching the highest levels in the cooperatively breeding callitrichid monkeys and humans. however, considerable variation exists within callitrichids, and the aim of this study was to identify factors that explain this variation. male and female callitrichids pursue different reproductive strategies, leading ma ... | 2015 | 25881136 |
| wildlife population dynamics in human-dominated landscapes under community-based conservation: the example of nakuru wildlife conservancy, kenya. | wildlife conservation is facing numerous and mounting challenges on private and communal lands in africa, including in kenya. we analyze the population dynamics of 44 common wildlife species in relation to rainfall variation in the nakuru wildlife conservancy (nwc), located in the nakuru-naivasha region of kenya, based on ground total counts carried out twice each year from march 1996 to may 2015. rainfall in the region was quasi-periodic with cycle periods dependent on the rainfall component an ... | 2017 | 28103269 |
| survey of plasmodium in the golden-headed lion tamarin (leontopithecus chrysomelas) living in urban atlantic forest in rio de janeiro, brazil. | communicating the presence of potential zoonotic pathogens such as plasmodium spp. in wild animals is important for developing both animal and human health policies. | 2016 | 26883507 |
| play behavior of the golden-headed lion tamarin in brazilian cocoa agroforests. | during play, primates may become more vulnerable to predation. our goal was to examine the potential role of predation risk on the play behavior of 3 groups of golden-headed lion tamarin, leontopithecus chrysomelas, in shaded cocoa agroforest (cabruca) of southern bahia, brazil. we identified the preferred (and safer) locations on vertical strata during playtime and investigated if frequency and duration of play differed according to group size. all groups preferred to play on the lower levels o ... | 2014 | 25116696 |
| assessment of dexmedetomidine/ketamine anesthesia in golden-headed lion tamarins (leontopithecus chrysomelas). | to compare the anesthetic and cardiovascular effects of dexmedetomidine/ketamine combinations in golden-headed lion tamarins. | 2004 | 15053752 |
| characteristics of reproductive biology and proximate factors regulating seasonal breeding in captive golden-headed lion tamarins (leontopithecus chrysomelas). | reproduction is highly demanding in terms of energy expenditure, and the costs and benefits associated with postponing or investing in a reproductive effort are crucial determinants of an individual's fitness. understanding the reproductive potential of a species under varying ecological conditions offers important insights into the dynamics of its social system. this study provides the first detailed analysis of the reproductive potential of wild- and captive-born golden-headed lion tamarins (l ... | 2003 | 12910464 |
| multiple breeding females in captive groups of golden-headed lion tamarins (leontopithecus chrysomelas): causes and consequences. | in callitrichidae, reproduction in subordinate females is generally inhibited but occurs in rare cases, possibly in association with the presence of an unrelated male, important food resources or low dispersal opportunities. this study investigates the occurrence of groups with multiple breeding females in captive golden-headed lion tamarins (leontopithecus chrysomelas), the factors leading to their formation and the consequences for the group. information obtained from studbook data on the worl ... | 2006 | 11275743 |
| maternal differences in infant carriage in golden-headed lion tamarins (leontopithecus chrysomelas). | infant-carrying behaviour was observed in two families of captive golden-headed lion tamarins. although the young were raised in almost identical social situations, we found a reversed involvement of mother-father pairs in the amount of time they carried their offspring. in one case, the parental division of carrying behaviour was consistent with the standard description for callitrichids in that the adult male was the primary carrier. in the other family, the mother carried the infant considera ... | 1992 | 1306174 |
| genetic variants related to disease susceptibility and immunotolerance in the duffy antigen receptor for chemokines (darc, fy) gene in the black lion tamarin (leontopithecus chrysopygus, primates). | the darc (duffy antigen receptor for chemokines) gene encodes the darc protein, which serves multiple roles in the immune system, as a binding site for the malarial parasites plasmodium vivax and plasmodium knowlesi, a promiscuous chemokine receptor and a blood group antigen. variation in darc may play particularly significant roles in innate immunity, immunotolerance and pathogen entry in callitrichines, such as the black lion tamarin (leontopithecus chrysopygus). we compared amino acid sequenc ... | 2017 | 28902417 |
| toxoplasmosis in a wild-caught black lion tamarin (leontopithecus chrysopygus). | | 2001 | 11761297 |
| prey foraging behavior, seasonality and time-budgets in black lion tamarins, leontopithecus chrysopygus (mikan 1823) (mammalia, callitrichidae). | foraging behavior, seasonality and time-budgets in the black lion tamarin (l. chrysopygus) was observed in the caetetus ecological station, south-eastern brazil, during 83 days between november 1988 to october 1990. for the full dry season we found that animal prey represented 11.2% of the black lion tamarin diet, while during the wet season they represented 1.9%. foraging behavior made up 19.8% of their total activity in the dry season and only 12.8% in the wet season. these results point out t ... | 2001 | 11706573 |
| food sharing in black lion tamarins (leontopithecus chrysopygus). | food sharing behavior was investigated by studying 10 captive black lion tamarin (leontopithecus chrysopygus) infants (six litters) between the ages of four and 26 weeks. the frequency of sharing by parents in response to infant begging increased steadily from the age of five to nine weeks, but then declined gradually, although infants were still receiving food even at 26 weeks. until the age of 15 weeks, infants received more food items by transfer from other group members than they did from se ... | 2000 | 10993137 |
| hepatic osteodystrophy in a golden lion tamarin (leontopithecus rosalia). | an 8-yr-old, captive, female golden lion tamarin ( leontopithecus rosalia ) with a 6-yr history of hyperbilirubinemia was examined for inappetence and weight loss. physical examination and blood pressure monitoring under anesthesia revealed hypothermia and hypotension, and blood work revealed hypoglycemia, markedly elevated liver enzymes, including serum alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase, and confirmed the hyperbilirubinemia. a complete blood count su ... | 2016 | 27691975 |
| treatment of diabetes mellitus in a golden lion tamarin (leontopithecus rosalia) with the glucagon-like peptide-1 mimetic exenatide. | an 8-yr-old male golden lion tamarin ( leontopithecus rosalia ) was diagnosed with diabetes mellitus based on hyperglycemia and persistent glycosuria. initial treatment consisted of the oral antihyperglycemic medications glipizide and metformin that resulted in decreased blood glucose concentrations; however, marked glycosuria persisted. insufficient improvement on oral antihyperglycemic therapy and poor feasibility of daily subcutaneous insulin therapy led to an investigation into an alternativ ... | 2016 | 27691959 |
| high rates of pregnancy loss by subordinates leads to high reproductive skew in wild golden lion tamarins (leontopithecus rosalia). | across taxa, cooperative breeding has been associated with high reproductive skew. cooperatively breeding golden lion tamarins (leontopithecus rosalia) were long thought to have a monogynous mating system in which reproduction was limited to a single dominant female. subordinates with few reproductive opportunities delayed dispersal and remained in the natal group to provide alloparental care to siblings, thus allowing dominant reproductive females to meet the energetic needs associated with hig ... | 2013 | 23454002 |
| diet, foraging, and use of space in wild golden-headed lion tamarins. | lion tamarins (callitrichidae: leontopithecus) are small frugi-faunivores that defend large home ranges. we describe results from the first long-term investigation of wild golden-headed lion tamarins (l. chrysomelas; ghlts). we present data about activity budgets, daily activity cycles, diet, daily path length, home range size, home range overlap, and territorial encounters for three groups of ghlts that were studied for 1.5-2.5 years in una biological reserve, bahia state, brazil, an area chara ... | 2004 | 15152369 |
| the effect of parental age gap on the sex ratio of golden lion tamarins born in zoos. | | 2003 | 12399661 |
| diagnosis and repair of familial diaphragmatic defects in golden lion tamarins. | diaphragmatic defects were identified in 11 of 130 golden lion tamarins. seven of the cases were found at necropsy (52 tamarins) and 4 were diagnosed by radiography (78 tamarins). when screening radiography revealed a thoracic mass, a barium series was indicated and either demonstrated loops of bowel within the thorax or suggested liver displacement by the cranial location of the intestine. in 1 case, pneumoperitoneum aided in the diagnosis, by showing liver displacement cranially in an eventrat ... | 1980 | 6778849 |
| behavioral abnormalities in captive nonhuman primates. | in this study, we dealt with 11 species of nonhuman primates across 10 zoos in india. we recorded behavior as instantaneous scans between 9 a.m. and 5 p.m. in the study, we segregated behaviors for analyses into abnormal, undesirable, active, and resting. the 4 types of abnormal behavior exhibited included floating limb, self-biting, self-clasping, and stereotypic pacing. in the study, we recorded 2 types of undesirable behavior: autoerotic stimulation and begging. langurs and group-housed macaq ... | 2003 | 14965782 |
| osteoarthritis in two marine mammals and 22 land mammals: learning from skeletal remains. | the occurrence of osteoarthritis (oa) in marine mammals is still questionable. here we investigated the prevalence of oa in marine (dolphin and dugong) and terrestrial mammals (asian elephant, asiatic buffalo, camel, cat, cattle, deer, dog, domestic goat, horse, human, hyena, impala, lion, malayan tapir, assam macaque, mule, pig, rabbit, red kangaroo, sheep, tiger and waterbuck). skeletal remains obtained from five institutes were used as subjects; a total of 45 different parts (locations) of bo ... | 2017 | 28542897 |
| social interactions through the eyes of macaques and humans. | group-living primates frequently interact with each other to maintain social bonds as well as to compete for valuable resources. observing such social interactions between group members provides individuals with essential information (e.g. on the fighting ability or altruistic attitude of group companions) to guide their social tactics and choice of social partners. this process requires individuals to selectively attend to the most informative content within a social scene. it is unclear how no ... | 2013 | 23457569 |
| class ii multiformity generated by variable mhc- drb region configurations in the california sea lion ( zalophus californianus). | in light of the immunological importance of molecules encoded within the major histocompatibility complex ( mhc), there are numerous studies examining the variability of these genes in wildlife populations. an underlying assumption in many of these studies is that mhc diversity invariably arises from a high level of allelic variation at a single gene locus, leading to widespread descriptions of thriving species with apparently limited mhc polymorphism. indeed, in a previous study we failed to fi ... | 2004 | 14997355 |
| mhc class ii drb sequences of lion-tailed macaques (macaca silenus). | the lion-tailed macaque (macaca silenus) is an endangered species. research into the genetics of this species is important as a basis for coordinated breeding programs of captive populations. therefore, we sought to analyze the mhc class ii drb genes of this species because of it is highly polymorphic in genetically heterogeneous populations of most species. ten individuals from seven families were evaluated. nine drb second exon sequences belonging to eight allelic lineages were identified. the ... | 2003 | 12956883 |
| diet and dietary-niche breadth of diurnal rain forest primates in the central western ghats, india. | we studied the feeding ecology of 3 sympatric primate species, the lion-tailed macaque (macaca silenus), bonnet macaque (macaca radiata) and hanuman langur (semnopithecus entellus), in a tropical rain forest of the central western ghats, india. since the availability of leaves is much higher than that of fruits, we expected that the primarily folivorous langurs would use a larger number of resources than the primarily frugivorous macaques. since fruits are a relatively total resource, unlike lea ... | 2011 | 22472629 |
| resource partitioning in sympatric langurs and macaques in tropical rainforests of the central western ghats, south india. | in a competitive sympatric association, coexisting species may try to reduce interspecific interactions as well as competition for similar resources by several ecological and behavioral practices. we studied resource utilization of three sympatric primate species namely, lion-tailed macaques (macaca silenus), bonnet macaques (m. radiata) and hanuman langurs (semnopithecus entellus) in a tropical rainforest of the central western ghats, south india. we studied resource use, tree-height use, forag ... | 2011 | 21328592 |
| pre-historic and recent vicariance events shape genetic structure and diversity in endangered lion-tailed macaque in the western ghats: implications for conservation. | genetic isolation of populations is a potent force that helps shape the course of evolution. however, small populations in isolation, especially in fragmented landscapes, are known to lose genetic variability, suffer from inbreeding depression and become genetically differentiated among themselves. in this study, we assessed the genetic diversity of lion-tailed macaques (macaca silenus) inhabiting the fragmented landscape of anamalai hills and examined the genetic structure of the species across ... | 2015 | 26561307 |
| inference by exclusion in lion-tailed macaques (macaca silenus), a hamadryas baboon (papio hamadryas), capuchins (sapajus apella), and squirrel monkeys (saimiri sciureus). | previous research has suggested that several primate species may be capable of reasoning by exclusion based on the finding that they can locate a hidden object when given information about where the object is not. the present research replicated and extended the literature by testing 2 old world monkey species, lion-tailed macaques (macaca silenus) and a hamadryas baboon (papio hamadryas), and 2 new world species, capuchin monkeys (sapajus apella) and squirrel monkeys (saimiri sciureus). the new ... | 2015 | 26010194 |
| draft genome sequence of campylobacter corcagiensis strain cit045t, a representative of a novel campylobacter species isolated from lion-tailed macaques (macaca silenus). | campylobacter corcagiensis cit045(t) (=ccug 64942(t), lmg 27932(t)), a new member of the campylobacter genus, has recently been isolated from lion-tailed macaques in cork, ireland. to further characterize this new species and its potential pathogenicity, the genome sequence of c. corcagiensis was determined and is presented here. | 2014 | 24744327 |
| human presence increases parasitic load in endangered lion-tailed macaques (macaca silenus) in its fragmented rainforest habitats in southern india. | understanding changes in the host-parasite relationship due to habitat fragmentation is necessary for better management and conservation of endangered species in fragmented landscapes. pathogens and parasites can pose severe threat to species in restricted environments such as forest fragments where there is increased contact of wildlife with human and livestock populations. environmental stress and reduced nutritional level in forest fragments can influence parasite infection and intensity on t ... | 2013 | 23717465 |
| the response of the frugivorous lion-tailed macaque (macaca silenus) to a period of fruit scarcity. | tropical rainforests show seasonal fluctuations in the abundance of fruits resulting in periods of resource scarcity for frugivores. we examined the response of an obligate frugivore, the lion-tailed macaque (ltm) (macaca silenus), to a period of fruit scarcity in a rainforest in the western ghats, india. we estimated the abundance and distribution of fruit resources from food tree densities obtained from 348 point centered quadrats, and fruit availability from phenological monitoring of 195 tre ... | 2011 | 21898517 |
| thoracolumbar hemilaminectomy and spinal cord decompression in a lion-tailed macaque (macaca silenus). | a 16-yr-old, castrated male lion-tailed macaque (macaca silenus) presented with acute bilateral pelvic limb paralysis. cisternal and lumbar myelograms demonstrated right-sided spinal cord compression at t13-l1. during an extradural hemilaminectomy, chronically ruptured disk material was removed at t13-l1, with moderate venous dilatation observed cranially. the macaque fully recovered from clinical signs within 2 mo. | 2008 | 18634223 |
| use of enclosure space by captive lion-tailed macaques (macaca silenus) housed in indian zoos. | captive nonhuman animals use enclosure space differentially. enclosure features strongly influence this. this study recorded both the enclosure space used by 47 captive lion-tailed macaques housed in 13 zoos across india and the behavior of the macaques. the exhibition of abnormal behaviors, food-related behaviors, and social interactions correlated significantly with the use of the edge zone (the part of the enclosure closest to the visitor area). animals housed in barren enclosures used the ed ... | 2005 | 16468946 |
| personality traits in captive lion-tailed macaques (macaca silenus). | personality influences an individual's perception of a situation and orchestrates behavioral responses. it is an important factor in elucidating variation in behavior both within and between species. the major focus of this research was to test a method that differs from those used in most previous personality studies, while investigating the personality traits of 52 captive lion-tailed macaques from four zoos. in this study, data from behavioral observations, a p-type principal components analy ... | 2005 | 16229004 |
| rheumatoid-like arthritis in a lion tailed macaque. | very few satisfactory models of rheumatoid arthritis (ra) exist in nonhuman species. it is particularly striking that nonhuman primates have only rarely been described to have disease processes resembling classic ra seen in humans. we describe the case of a lion tailed macaque (macaca silenus), housed at the national zoological park in washington dc, that had a polyarticular inflammatory arthropathy resembling ra. gross and histopathologic examination of necropsy tissues and radiographic finding ... | 1991 | 1941834 |
| brief communication: morphometric data for adult lion-tailed macaques (macaca silenus). | basic morphometric data were collected from 22 adult lion-tailed macaques (m. silenus) of both sexes. m. silenus is a rare primate species from which adequate morphometric data have not heretofore been available for comparative purposes. data collected include measures of gross body size (weight; crown-rump and rump-heel length), and for males, measures of secondary sexual characteristics (canine tooth and testes size). degree of sexual dimorphism was marked, with males significantly larger and ... | 1991 | 1882986 |
| viable spermatozoa in the bladder after electroejaculation of lion-tailed macaques (macaca silenus). | the bladder of 6 lion-tailed macaques was emptied and flushed with sterile saline. talp-hepes buffer was infused and the animals were electroejaculated. after electroejaculation, the semen quality was determined in the ejaculate and the bladder infusate. of the 15 ejaculates analysed, a mean (+/- s.e.m.) sperm count of 133.8 (+/- 30.7) x 10(6) with 69.5 (+/- 6.0)% motility was obtained in the infusate as compared to the sperm count of 72.4 (+/- 38.6) x 10(6) with significantly lower (47.7 +/- 5. ... | 1989 | 2760902 |
| vocal communication in lion-tailed macaques (macaca silenus). | investigations of vocal communication in captive groups of lion-tailed macaques (macaca silenus) revealed a repertoire of 17 basic patterns. sixteen of them were recorded and their physical parameters analysed by sonagrams. during a field study these results were verified and complemented, and additional data on the vocal behaviour of this species were gathered. the vocal repertoire of lion-tailed macaques is characterized by discretely structured, mostly interaction- and situation-specific soun ... | 1985 | 3833623 |
| monitoring ovulation and implantation in the lion-tailed macaque (macaca silenus) through urinary estrone conjugate evaluations. | urine samples were collected daily during ten nonfertile and four fertile ovarian cycles of four adult female lion-tailed macaques (macaca silenus). urine was analyzed for concentrations of total immunoreactive estrogen (et), estrone conjugates, and bioactive luteinizing hormones (lh). the estrone conjugates of selected samples were separated by high-performance liquid chromatography (hplc) to evaluate the relative proportions of estrone glucuronide (e1 g) to estrone sulfate (e1 s) contributing ... | 1983 | 6640039 |
| passive acoustic monitoring reveals group ranging and territory use: a case study of wild chimpanzees (pan troglodytes). | assessing the range and territories of wild mammals traditionally requires years of data collection and often involves directly following individuals or using tracking devices. indirect and non-invasive methods of monitoring wildlife have therefore emerged as attractive alternatives due to their ability to collect data at large spatiotemporal scales using standardized remote sensing technologies. here, we investigate the use of two novel passive acoustic monitoring (pam) systems used to capture ... | 2016 | 27507999 |
| genetic characterization and classification of human and animal sapoviruses. | sapoviruses (savs) are enteric caliciviruses that have been detected in multiple mammalian species, including humans, pigs, mink, dogs, sea lions, chimpanzees, and rats. they show a high level of diversity. a sav genome commonly encodes seven nonstructural proteins (nss), including the rna polymerase protein ns7, and two structural proteins (vp1 and vp2). we classified human and animal savs into 15 genogroups (g) based on available vp1 sequences, including three newly characterized genomes from ... | 2016 | 27228126 |
| sleeping site selection by savanna chimpanzees in ugalla, tanzania. | we examined sleeping site selection by chimpanzees (pan troglodytes) in the ugalla savanna woodland area, western tanzania, from 1994 to 2012. we established 488 km of line transects and recorded 379 chimpanzee beds within 30 m perpendicular to the transects. comparisons between 60 × 60 m(2) quadrats containing new and recent beds and the remaining quadrats without beds along the transects indicated that evergreen forests accounted for disproportionately more area in quadrats with beds than in t ... | 2014 | 24293003 |
| rhythmic cognition in humans and animals: distinguishing meter and pulse perception. | this paper outlines a cognitive and comparative perspective on human rhythmic cognition that emphasizes a key distinction between pulse perception and meter perception. pulse perception involves the extraction of a regular pulse or "tactus" from a stream of events. meter perception involves grouping of events into hierarchical trees with differing levels of "strength", or perceptual prominence. i argue that metrically-structured rhythms are required to either perform or move appropriately to mus ... | 2013 | 24198765 |
| does learning affect the structure of vocalizations in chimpanzees? | we recorded 'pant-hoot' vocalizations from male chimpanzees, pan troglodytes, housed in two captive facilities in the u.s.a., lion country safari and north carolina zoological park. acoustic analysis revealed significant differences between the two groups in the temporal patterning of the calls. because the captive males within each group are from diverse origins, within-group similarity in pant-hoot structure could not have resulted from genetic similarity of the callers. in addition, there wer ... | 1999 | 10512656 |
| refuge use and predation risk in a desert baboon population | baboons face a serious threat of predation from leopards, panthera pardusand lions, panthera leosince trees and cliff faces provide safety from these predators, baboons might use such refuges in order to reduce predation risk. this hypothesis was explored in a study of four groups of chacma baboons, papio cynocephalus ursinusin a desert population in namibia (groups ranged between 22 and 55 individuals with one to six adult males). all baboons spent most of their time close by refuges and little ... | 1997 | 9268454 |
| are extinction opinions extinct? | extinction models vary in the information they require, the simplest considering the rate of certain sightings only. more complicated methods include uncertain sightings and allow for variation in the reliability of uncertain sightings. generally extinction models require expert opinion, either as a prior belief that a species is extinct, or to establish the quality of a sighting record, or both. is this subjectivity necessary? we present two models to explore whether the individual quality of s ... | 2017 | 28828259 |
| deep-diving sea lions exhibit extreme bradycardia in long-duration dives. | heart rate and peripheral blood flow distribution are the primary determinants of the rate and pattern of oxygen store utilisation and ultimately breath-hold duration in marine endotherms. despite this, little is known about how otariids (sea lions and fur seals) regulate heart rate (fh) while diving. we investigated dive fh in five adult female california sea lions (zalophus californianus) during foraging trips by instrumenting them with digital electrocardiogram (ecg) loggers and time depth re ... | 2014 | 24790100 |
| metal concentrations in the liver and kidney of aquatic mammals and penguins. | we determined the hepatic and renal concentrations of cd, pb, zn, cu, and fe in (1) marine mammals (three bottle-nosed dolphins, six california sea lions, and one sea otter), (2) freshwater and brackish-water mammals (one oriental short-clawed otter and four european river otters), and (3) sea birds (three rock-hopper penguins, two king penguins, three humboldt penguins, four macaroni penguins, and four magellanic penguins), all of which were kept in a zoo and an aquarium in japan. we investigat ... | 2004 | 14985624 |
| interspecies differences in plasma concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin d3 and dermal vitamin d synthesis of kiwi (apteryx mantelli), tuatara (sphenodon punctatus), and new zealand sea lions (phocarctos hookeri). | vitamin d plays a central role in calcium homeostasis of most vertebrates, and is obtained in different species through diet, dermal synthesis, or a combination of both. the aim of this study was to determine the predominant routes of vitamin d synthesis in three disparate species, brown kiwi (apteryx mantelli), tuatara (sphenodon punctatus), and new zealand sea lions (phocarctos hookeri). we surveyed plasma concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin d2 and d3, analysed environmental conditions and lif ... | 2017 | 28755031 |
| spontaneous micronuclei in peripheral blood erythrocytes from 54 animal species (mammals, reptiles and birds): part two. | the normal numbers of micronucleated erythrocytes (mne) observed in peripheral blood samples differ among species. this depends on the effectiveness of the spleen (or the rest of the reticuloendothelial system) to withdraw them from circulation. in our previous report, we assessed the number of mne in the peripheral blood of 35 mammalian species. here we show the results observed in 54 species including mammals, reptiles and birds. we obtained 212 peripheral blood samples from different species. ... | 2000 | 10771274 |
| entanglements of marine mammals and seabirds in central california and the north-west coast of the united states 2001-2005. | entanglement records for seabirds and marine mammals were investigated for the period 2001-2005. the entanglement records were extracted from databases maintained by seven organizations operating along the west coast of the united states of america. their programmes included beach monitoring surveys, rescue and rehabilitation and regional pinniped censuses. records of 454 entanglements were documented in live animals and in carcasses for 31 bird species and nine marine mammal species. the most f ... | 2009 | 19344921 |
| novel morphological and molecular data for corynosoma hannae zdzitowiecki, 1984 (acanthocephala: polymorphidae) from teleosts, fish-eating birds and pinnipeds from new zealand. | the polymorphid acanthocephalan, corynosoma hannae zdzitowiecki, 1984 is characterised on the basis of newly collected material from a new zealand sea lion, phocarctos hookeri (gray), and long-nosed fur seal, arctophoca forsteri (lesson) (definitive hosts), and from stewart island shags, leucocarbo chalconotus (gray), spotted shags, phalacrocorax punctatus (sparrman) and yellow-eyed penguins, megadyptes antipodes (hombron & jacquinot) (non-definitive hosts) from new zealand. specimens are descri ... | 2017 | 27765681 |
| identification of a polyomavirus in weddell seal (leptonychotes weddellii) from the ross sea (antarctica). | viruses are ubiquitous in nature, however, very few have been identified that are associated with antarctic animals. here we report the identification of a polyomavirus in the kidney tissue of a deceased weddell seal from the ross sea, antarctica. the circular genome (5186 nt) has typical features of polyomaviruses with a small and larger t-antigen open reading frames (orfs) and three orfs encoding vp1, vp2 and vp3 capsid proteins. the genome of the weddell seal polyomavirus (wspyv) shares 85.4% ... | 2017 | 28124141 |
| individual and population level resource selection patterns of mountain lions preying on mule deer along an urban-wildland gradient. | understanding population and individual-level behavioral responses of large carnivores to human disturbance is important for conserving top predators in fragmented landscapes. however, previous research has not investigated resource selection at predation sites of mountain lions in highly urbanized areas. we quantified selection of natural and anthropogenic landscape features by mountain lions at sites where they consumed their primary prey, mule deer (odocoileus hemionus), in and adjacent to ur ... | 2016 | 27411098 |
| mathematical conservation ecology: a one-predator-two-prey system as case study. | a method is presented to analyse the long-term stochastic dynamics of a biological population that is at risk of extinction. from the full ecosystem the method extracts the minimal information to describe the long-term dynamics of that population by a stochastic logistic system. the method is applied to a one-predator-two-prey model. the choice of this example is motivated by a study on the near-extinction of a porcupine population by mountain lions whose presence is facilitated by mule deer tak ... | 2001 | 11276526 |
| the metabolic cost of swimming in marine homeotherms. | this paper describes a model of the metabolic cost of swimming in pinnipeds and its application to other marine homeotherms. the model takes account of both hydrodynamic and thermal processes. the thermal component incorporates both free and forced convection and takes account of the effect of hair on free convection. using data from the literature to evaluate all but two of the parameters, we apply the model to metabolic rate data on phocid seals, otariids (sea lions), penguins and minke whales ... | 1997 | 9057309 |
| on urea formation in marine mammals. | ornithine carbamoyltransferase (ec 2.1.3.3) has been determined in homogenates of liver of the sei whale (balaenoptera borealis), the bottle-nose dolphin (porpoise) (tursiops truncatus) and california sea lion (zalophus californianus). these marine mammals show levels of this ornithine-urea cycle enzyme which are typical of terrestrial mammals. | 1977 | 862778 |
| from sanddabs to blue whales: the pervasiveness of domoic acid. | domoic acid (da) is a potent food web transferred algal toxin that has caused dramatic mortality events involving sea birds and sea lions. although no confirmed da toxicity events have been reported in whales, here we present data demonstrating that humpback and blue whales are exposed to the toxin and consume da contaminated prey. whale fecal samples were found to contain da at levels ranging from 10 to 207microg da g(-1) feces via hplc-uv methods. sem analysis of whale feces containing da, col ... | 2002 | 12076651 |
| co-occurrence and habitat use of fin whales, striped dolphins and atlantic bluefin tuna in the northwestern mediterranean sea. | different dolphin and tuna species have frequently been reported to aggregate in areas of high frontal activity, sometimes developing close multi-species associations to increase feeding success. aerial surveys are a common tool to monitor the density and abundance of marine mammals, and have recently become a focus in the search for methods to provide fisheries-independent abundance indicators for tuna stock assessment. in this study, we present first density estimates corrected for availabilit ... | 2015 | 26458254 |
| a comparison of blood nitric oxide metabolites and hemoglobin functional properties among diving mammals. | the ability of marine mammals to hunt prey at depth is known to rely on enhanced oxygen stores and on selective distribution of blood flow, but the molecular mechanisms regulating blood flow and oxygen transport remain unresolved. to investigate the molecular mechanisms that may be important in regulating blood flow, we measured concentration of nitrite and s-nitrosothiols (sno), two metabolites of the vasodilator nitric oxide (no), in the blood of 5 species of marine mammals differing in their ... | 2017 | 27993597 |
| wildlife cancer: a conservation perspective. | until recently, cancer in wildlife was not considered to be a conservation concern. however, with the identification of tasmanian devil facial tumour disease, sea turtle fibropapillomatosis and sea lion genital carcinoma, it has become apparent that neoplasia can be highly prevalent and have considerable effects on some species. it is also clear that anthropogenic activities contribute to the development of neoplasia in wildlife species, such as beluga whales and bottom-dwelling fish, making the ... | 2009 | 19550426 |