| two mc1r loss-of-function alleles in cream-coloured australian cattle dogs and white huskies. | loss-of-function variants in the mc1r gene cause recessive red or yellow coat-colour phenotypes in many species. the canine mc1r:c.916c>t (p.arg306ter) variant is widespread and found in a homozygous state in many uniformly yellow- or red-coloured dogs. we investigated cream-coloured australian cattle dogs whose coat colour could not be explained by this variant. a genome-wide association study with 10 cream and 123 red australian cattle dogs confirmed that the cream locus indeed maps to mc1r. w ... | 2018 | 29932470 |
| tissue-specific expression and circulating concentrations of nesfatin-1 in domestic animals. | nesfatin-1 is a naturally occurring 82-amino acid protein encoded in the precursor nucleobindin-2 (nucb2) and has been implicated in multiple physiological functions, including food intake and blood glucose regulation. this study aimed to characterize nesfatin-1 in domestic species, especially cats (felis catus), dogs (canis lupus familiaris), and pigs (sus scrofa). our in silico analysis demonstrated that the nucb2/nesfatin-1 amino acid sequence, especially the bioactive core region of the pept ... | 2018 | 29909240 |
| density measurement of demodex canis by qpcr and analysis of serum cytokine levels in dogs with different clinical forms of demodicosis. | to quantify (by qpcr) the density of demodex canis mites in the skin of dogs with demodicosis and in healthy dogs, as well as measuring the serum concentrations of interleukin (il)-1β, il-6, il-8, il-10, il-12, and tumour necrosis factor-alfa (tnf-α). | 2018 | 29907185 |
| camera trap and questionnaire dataset on ecosystem services provided by small carnivores in agro-ecosystems in south africa. | this dataset includes data derived from camera trap surveys and questionnaire surveys relating to small carnivores in agro-ecosystems in the vhembe biosphere reserve, south africa. the data were collected as part of the study "predation by small mammalian carnivores in rural agro-ecosystems: an undervalued ecosystem service?" (williams et al., 2017a) [1]. camera trap locations were stratified by land use: settlement, crops, and grazing areas. the camera trap data provide an insight into the ecol ... | 2018 | 29900232 |
| nuclear genetic analysis of the red fox across its trans-pacific range. | the red fox (vulpes vulpes) occurs on multiple continents in diverse habitats, making it an informative system for evolutionary genomic research. however, its phylogeography remains unclear. previously, mitochondrial dna and small numbers of nuclear loci provided discordant views. both markers indicated deep divergence (~ 0.5 million years [my]) between eurasian and southern north american populations but differed in the apparent continental affinity of alaskan red foxes, implying some degree of ... | 2018 | 29889225 |
| natural re-colonization and admixture of wolves (canis lupus) in the us pacific northwest: challenges for the protection and management of rare and endangered taxa. | admixture resulting from natural dispersal processes can potentially generate novel phenotypic variation that may facilitate persistence in changing environments or result in the loss of population-specific adaptations. yet, under the us endangered species act, policy is limited for management of individuals whose ancestry includes a protected taxon; therefore, they are generally not protected under the act. this issue is exemplified by the recently re-established grey wolves of the pacific nort ... | 2019 | 29880893 |
| widespread, long-term admixture between grey wolves and domestic dogs across eurasia and its implications for the conservation status of hybrids. | hybridisation between a domesticated species and its wild ancestor is an important conservation problem, especially if it results in the introgression of domestic gene variants into wild species. nevertheless, the legal status of hybrids remains unregulated, partially because of the limited understanding of the hybridisation process and its consequences. the occurrence of hybridisation between grey wolves and domestic dogs is well documented from different parts of the wolf geographic range, but ... | 2018 | 29875809 |
| a bioinformatic pipeline for identifying informative snp panels for parentage assignment from radseq data. | the development of high-throughput sequencing technologies is dramatically increasing the use of single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) across the field of genetics, but most parentage studies of wild populations still rely on microsatellites. we developed a bioinformatic pipeline for identifying snp panels that are informative for parentage analysis from restriction site-associated dna sequencing (radseq) data. this pipeline includes options for analysis with or without a reference genome, and ... | 2018 | 29870119 |
| gastrinoma and zollinger-ellison syndrome in canids: a literature review and a case in a mexican gray wolf. | gastrinoma, an infrequent diagnosis in middle-aged dogs, occurs with nonspecific gastrointestinal morbidity. laboratory tests can yield a presumptive diagnosis, but definitive diagnosis depends on histopathology and immunohistochemistry. we describe a malignant pancreatic gastrinoma with lymph node metastases and corresponding zollinger-ellison syndrome in a mexican gray wolf ( canis lupus baileyi) and review this endocrine neoplasm in domestic dogs. a 12-y-old, captive, male mexican gray wolf d ... | 2018 | 29860931 |
| activity of genes with functions in human williams-beuren syndrome is impacted by mobile element insertions in the gray wolf genome. | in canines, transposon dynamics have been associated with a hyper-social behavioral syndrome, although the functional mechanism has yet to be described. we investigate the epigenetic and transcriptional consequences of these behavior-associated mobile element insertions (meis) in dogs and yellowstone gray wolves. we posit that the transposons themselves may not be the causative feature; rather, their transcriptional regulation may exert the functional impact. we survey four outlier transposons a ... | 2018 | 29860323 |
| who's afraid of the big bad wolf? variation in the stress response among personalities and populations in a large wild herbivore. | faced with rapid environmental changes, individuals may express different magnitude and plasticity in their response to a given stressor. however, little is known about the causes of variation in phenotypic plasticity of the stress response in wild populations. in the present study, we repeatedly captured individual roe deer (capreolus capreolus) from two wild populations in sweden exposed to differing levels of predation pressure and measured plasma concentrations of stress-induced cortisol and ... | 2018 | 29804203 |
| an intelligent grey wolf optimizer algorithm for distributed compressed sensing. | distributed compressed sensing (dcs) is an important research area of compressed sensing (cs). this paper aims at solving the distributed compressed sensing (dcs) problem based on mixed support model. in solving this problem, the previous proposed greedy pursuit algorithms easily fall into suboptimal solutions. in this paper, an intelligent grey wolf optimizer (gwo) algorithm called dcs-gwo is proposed by combining gwo and q-thresholding algorithm. in dcs-gwo, the grey wolves' positions are init ... | 2018 | 29780408 |
| taeniid metacestodes in rangeland goats in australia. | data on several infections of sheep and goats, including parasite infections, are routinely collected during inspection of harvested rangeland goats after slaughter. this is an important role of the australian national sheep health monitoring program (nshmp). our study investigated the presence of metacestodes of taenia hydatigena, t. ovis and echinococcus granulosus in slaughtered goats from queensland, new south wales and western australia. during the period of the study (2007-2013) 374,580 go ... | 2018 | 29773127 |
| genome-wide analysis of snps is consistent with no domestic dog ancestry in the endangered mexican wolf (canis lupus baileyi). | the mexican gray wolf (canis lupus baileyi) was historically distributed throughout the southwestern united states and northern mexico. extensive predator removal campaigns during the early 20th century, however, resulted in its eventual extirpation by the mid 1980s. at this time, the mexican wolf existed only in 3 separate captive lineages (mcbride, ghost ranch, and aragón) descended from 3, 2, and 2 founders, respectively. these lineages were merged in 1995 to increase the available genetic va ... | 2018 | 29757430 |
| morphological and cellular characterization of the fetal canine (canis lupus familiaris) subventricular zone, rostral migratory stream, and olfactory bulb. | the existence of neurogenesis in the adult brain is a widely recognized phenomenon, occurring in the subventricular zone (svz) of the lateral ventricles and the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus in several vertebrate species. neural precursors originated in the svz migrate to the main olfactory bulb (mob), originating the rostral migratory stream (rms) in the process. to better understand the formation of the adult neurogenic niches in dogs, we investigated the cellular composition and morph ... | 2018 | 29752870 |
| energy aware cluster-based routing in flying ad-hoc networks. | flying ad-hoc networks (fanets) are a very vibrant research area nowadays. they have many military and civil applications. limited battery energy and the high mobility of micro unmanned aerial vehicles (uavs) represent their two main problems, i.e., short flight time and inefficient routing. in this paper, we try to address both of these problems by means of efficient clustering. first, we adjust the transmission power of the uavs by anticipating their operational requirements. optimal transmiss ... | 2018 | 29751536 |
| dental and temporomandibular joint pathology of the grey wolf (canis lupus). | skulls from 392 grey wolves (canis lupus) were examined macroscopically according to predefined criteria. two hundred and seven skulls were included in this study, comprised of 124 young adults (59.9%) and 83 adults (40.1%); of these, 65 (31.4%) specimens were from male wolves and 104 (50.3%) were from females, with 38 (18.4%) of unknown sex. out of 8,694 possible teeth, 8,339 (95.9%) were present for evaluation. fifty-five teeth (15.5%) were absent congenitally, 30 (8.5%) were lost during life ... | 2018 | 29729722 |
| can only poorer european countries afford large carnivores? | one of the classic approaches in environmental economics is the environmental kuznets curve, which predicts that when a national economy grows from low to medium levels, threats to biodiversity conservation increase, but they decrease when the economy moves from medium to high. we evaluated this approach by examining how population densities of the brown bear (ursus arctos), gray wolf (canis lupus), and eurasian lynx (lynx lynx) were related to the national economy in 24 european countries. | 2018 | 29702651 |
| gastrointestinal helminths of gray wolves (canis lupus lupus) from sweden. | as the scandinavian wolf population is limited in size, it is only rarely subject to systematic studies on its disease biology, especially gastrointestinal parasites. therefore, this study aims to describe the prevalence of gastrointestinal helminths of gray wolves hunted on a limited license as a part of a wildlife management program. helminths of 20 wolves were examined post mortem by macroscopy and coprology. intestinal worms of five species were recovered from 18 wolves (90%): uncinaria sten ... | 2018 | 29696393 |
| acoustic localization at large scales: a promising method for grey wolf monitoring. | the grey wolf (canis lupus) is naturally recolonizing its former habitats in europe where it was extirpated during the previous two centuries. the management of this protected species is often controversial and its monitoring is a challenge for conservation purposes. however, this elusive carnivore can disperse over long distances in various natural contexts, making its monitoring difficult. moreover, methods used for collecting signs of presence are usually time-consuming and/or costly. current ... | 2018 | 29681989 |
| natural regeneration on seismic lines influences movement behaviour of wolves and grizzly bears. | across the boreal forest of canada, habitat disturbance is the ultimate cause of caribou (rangifer tarandus caribou) declines. habitat restoration is a focus of caribou recovery efforts, with a goal to finding ways to reduce predator use of disturbances, and caribou-predator encounters. one of the most pervasive disturbances within caribou ranges in alberta, canada are seismic lines cleared for energy exploration. seismic lines facilitate predator movement, and although vegetation on some seismi ... | 2018 | 29659615 |
| mammal responses to the human footprint vary across species and stressors. | a rapidly expanding human footprint - comprised of anthropogenic land-use change and infrastructure - is profoundly affecting wildlife distributions worldwide. cumulative effects management (cem) is a regional approach that seeks to manage combined effects of the human footprint on biodiversity across large spatial scales. challenges to implementing this approach include a lack of ecological data at large spatial scales, the high cost of monitoring multiple indicators, and the need to manage mul ... | 2018 | 29654972 |
| fear, foraging and olfaction: how mesopredators avoid costly interactions with apex predators. | where direct killing is rare and niche overlap low, sympatric carnivores may appear to coexist without conflict. interference interactions, harassment and injury from larger carnivores may still pose a risk to smaller mesopredators. foraging theory suggests that animals should adjust their behaviour accordingly to optimise foraging efficiency and overall fitness, trading off harvest rate with costs to fitness. the foraging behaviour of red foxes, vulpes vulpes, was studied with automated cameras ... | 2018 | 29654482 |
| endocranial development in the coyote (canis latrans) and gray wolf (canis lupus): a computed tomographic study. | the purpose of this study was to examine the pattern of postnatal brain growth in two wild canid species: the coyote (canis latrans) and gray wolf (canis lupus). adult regional and total brain volume differences were also compared between the two species as well as within each species by sex. three-dimensional virtual endocasts of endocranial airspace were created from computed tomography scans of 52 coyote skulls (28 female, 24 male; 1 day to 13.4 years) and 46 gray wolf skulls (25 female, 21 m ... | 2018 | 29635246 |
| compensatory mortality in a recovering top carnivore: wolves in wisconsin, usa (1979-2013). | populations of large terrestrial carnivores are in various stages of recovery worldwide and the question of whether there is compensation in mortality sources is relevant to conservation. here, we show variation in wisconsin wolf survival from 1979 to 2013 by jointly estimating the hazard of wolves' radio-telemetry ending (endpoint) and endpoint cause. in previous analyses, wolves lost to radio-telemetry follow-up (collar loss) were censored from analysis, thereby assuming collar loss was unconf ... | 2018 | 29627957 |
| bovine tuberculosis outbreak in farmed american bison (bison bison) in poland. | poland has been an officially bovine tuberculosis (btb) free country for the last seven years. the problem currently observed is the increasing number of new cases of btb in wild species, kept in a farmed herd and free-living herd: european bison (bison bonasus), wild boar (sus scrofa), wolves (canis lupus) and red deer (cervus elaphus). this article presents the case of mycobacterium caprae transmission to an american bison (bison bison) herd kept on a private farm in eastern poland. | 2017 | 29611649 |
| the status of demodex cornei: description of the species and developmental stages, and data on demodecid mites in the domestic dog canis lupus familiaris. | demodecosis canina is one of the most important dog parasitoses, but its aetiology is still not well known. there are currently two known species of demodecid mite specific to the domestic dog canis lupus familiaris linnaeus, 1758 (carnivora: canidae). these are demodex canis leydig, 1859 (acariformes: demodecidae) and demodex injai desch & hillier, 2003. there have also been many reports of the so-called 'short form', considered to be a separate species functioning under the name demodex cornei ... | 2018 | 29603309 |
| studies of modern italian dog populations reveal multiple patterns for domestic breed evolution. | through thousands of years of breeding and strong human selection, the dog (canis lupus familiaris) exists today within hundreds of closed populations throughout the world, each with defined phenotypes. a singular geographic region with broad diversity in dog breeds presents an interesting opportunity to observe potential mechanisms of breed formation. italy claims 14 internationally recognized dog breeds, with numerous additional local varieties. to determine the relationship among italian dog ... | 2018 | 29531705 |
| a simple model predicts energetically optimised jumping in dogs. | it is generally accepted that animals move in a way that minimises energy use during regular gait and there is evidence that the principle might extend more generally to locomotor behaviour and manoeuvres. jumping during locomotion is a useful manoeuvre that contributes to the versatility of legged locomotion and is within the repertoire of many terrestrial animals. we describe a simple ballistic model that can be used to identify a single unique trajectory of the body's centre of mass that mini ... | 2018 | 29530971 |
| hybrid gray wolf optimizer-artificial neural network classification approach for magnetic resonance brain images. | automated and accurate classification of magnetic resonance images (mris) of the brain has great importance for medical analysis and interpretation. this paper presents a hybrid optimized classification method to classify the brain tumor by classifying the given magnetic resonance brain image as normal or abnormal. the proposed system implements a gray wolf optimizer (gwo) combined with a supervised artificial neural network (ann) classifier to achieve enhanced mri classification accuracy via se ... | 2018 | 29522032 |
| multi-objective optimization framework for designing photonic crystal sensors. | in this paper, a novel framework for designing optimized photonic crystal (phc) sensors has been proposed. the complexity of such structures has resulted in the lack of an analytical method to design the structures. therefore, this framework aims to provide a comprehensive and automatic method to find the best values for the structural parameters without human involvement. the framework is explained with an example of designing a phc liquid sensor. in the framework, an optimizer called the "mult ... | 2018 | 29521980 |
| howl variation across himalayan, north african, indian, and holarctic wolf clades: tracing divergence in the world's oldest wolf lineages using acoustics. | vocal divergence within species often corresponds to morphological, environmental, and genetic differences between populations. wolf howls are long-range signals that encode individual, group, and subspecies differences, yet the factors that may drive this variation are poorly understood. furthermore, the taxonomic division within the canis genus remains contended and additional data are required to clarify the position of the himalayan, north african, and indian wolves within canis lupus. we re ... | 2017 | 29491993 |
| skull typology and morphometrics of the nigerian local dog (canis lupus familiaris). | understanding skull anatomy and morphometry is crucial to the diagnosis and treatment of some osteology disorders. this study investigated the morphometry and skull typology of the skull of the nigerian local dog as a skull prototype for the dolichocephalic breed of dogs. a total of sixteen adult dogs (7 males, 9 females), of about 2 years were used. a total of 20 parameters were measured on each skull, and two indices (cephalic and orbital) calculated. the males had higher values for nine param ... | 2017 | 29485635 |
| recolonizing gray wolves increase parasite infection risk in their prey. | the recent recolonization of central europe by the european gray wolf (canis lupus) provides an opportunity to study the dynamics of parasite transmission for cases when a definitive host returns after a phase of local extinction. we investigated whether a newly established wolf population increased the prevalence of those parasites in ungulate intermediate hosts representing wolf prey, whether some parasite species are particularly well adapted to wolves, and the potential basis for such adapta ... | 2018 | 29468033 |
| endoparasites of the grey wolf (canis lupus) in protected areas of slovakia | although the grey wolf was on the brink of extinction in central europe in the last century, it never became extinct in slovakia and nowadays its population is considered stable. the wolf population in slovakia is estimated to be around 400 individuals with seasonal variations, and due to these small numbers, studies on the parasite fauna of wolf are scarce. of the 35 parasitic species recorded worldwide in grey wolves in temperate and mountain zones of the palearctic region, 15 were detected in ... | 2018 | 29396925 |
| are pumas subordinate carnivores, and does it matter? | interspecific competition affects species fitness, community assemblages and structure, and the geographic distributions of species. established dominance hierarchies among species mitigate the need for fighting and contribute to the realized niche for subordinate species. this is especially important for apex predators, many of which simultaneous contend with the costs of competition with more dominant species and the costs associated with human hunting and lethal management. | 2018 | 29379688 |
| postcranial diversity and recent ecomorphic impoverishment of north american gray wolves. | recent advances in genomics and palaeontology have begun to unravel the complex evolutionary history of the gray wolf, canis lupus still, much of their phenotypic variation across time and space remains to be documented. we examined the limb morphology of the fossil and modern north american gray wolves from the late quaternary (<ca 70 ka) to better understand their postcranial diversity through time. we found that the late-pleistocene gray wolves were characterized by short-leggedness on both s ... | 2018 | 29343558 |
| grey wolf based control for speed ripple reduction at low speed operation of pmsm drives. | speed ripple at low speed-high torque operation of permanent magnet synchronous machine (pmsm) drives is considered as one of the major issues to be treated. the presented work proposes an efficient pmsm speed controller based on grey wolf (gw) algorithm to ensure a high-performance control for speed ripple reduction at low speed operation. the main idea of the proposed control algorithm is to propose a specific objective function in order to incorporate the advantage of fast optimization proces ... | 2018 | 29336788 |
| killing wolves to prevent predation on livestock may protect one farm but harm neighbors. | large carnivores, such as gray wolves, canis lupus, are difficult to protect in mixed-use landscapes because some people perceive them as dangerous and because they sometimes threaten human property and safety. governments may respond by killing carnivores in an effort to prevent repeated conflicts or threats, although the functional effectiveness of lethal methods has long been questioned. we evaluated two methods of government intervention following independent events of verified wolf predatio ... | 2018 | 29320512 |
| helminth fauna in captive european gray wolves (canis lupus lupus) in germany. | captive as well as free-ranging wolves, which are currently recolonizing germany, may harbor a variety of gastrointestinal parasites. this study investigated endoparasites in captive european gray wolves (canis lupus lupus) using coproscopical methods. fecal samples were collected monthly between october 2012 and november 2013 from 18 wolf enclosures in 14 german zoological gardens, representing 72 individual wolves. in total, 1,041 fecal samples including 26 bulk samples were analyzed by the se ... | 2017 | 29312968 |
| non-invasive genetic monitoring involving citizen science enables reconstruction of current pack dynamics in a re-establishing wolf population. | carnivores are re-establishing in many human-populated areas, where their presence is often contentious. reaching consensus on management decisions is often hampered by a dispute over the size of the local carnivore population. understanding the reproductive dynamics and individual movements of the carnivores can provide support for management decisions, but individual-level information can be difficult to obtain from elusive, wide-ranging species. non-invasive genetic sampling can yield such in ... | 2017 | 29258497 |
| multi-objective versus single-objective optimization frameworks for designing photonic crystal filters. | this paper proposes a novel framework for multi-objective optimization of photonic crystal (phc) filters and compares it with a single-objective optimization approach. in this framework, an optimizer called the multi-objective gray wolf optimizer has been utilized to automatically find the optimal designs. the proposed method is able to design any kind of phc filter. as a case study, a new structure of super defect phc filter for application in the wavelength-division multiplexer (wdm) is design ... | 2017 | 29216057 |
| genomic consequences of intensive inbreeding in an isolated wolf population. | inbreeding (mating between relatives) is a major concern for conservation as it decreases individual fitness and can increase the risk of population extinction. we used whole-genome resequencing of 97 grey wolves (canis lupus) from the highly inbred scandinavian wolf population to identify 'identical-by-descent' (ibd) chromosome segments as runs of homozygosity (roh). this gave the high resolution required to precisely measure realized inbreeding as the ibd fraction of the genome in roh (f roh). ... | 2018 | 29158554 |
| habitat suitability and movement corridors of grey wolf (canis lupus) in northern pakistan. | habitat suitability models are useful to understand species distribution and to guide management and conservation strategies. the grey wolf (canis lupus) has been extirpated from most of its historic range in pakistan primarily due to its impact on livestock and livelihoods. we used non-invasive survey data from camera traps and genetic sampling to develop a habitat suitability model for c. lupus in northern pakistan and to explore the extent of connectivity among populations. we detected suitab ... | 2017 | 29121089 |
| concentrations of selected elements in liver tissue of grey wolves (canis lupus) from serbia. | the grey wolf (canis lupus) is a large carnivore species and a top predator in the ecosystems that it inhabits. considering its role in food webs, wolves may be exposed to high concentrations of potentially harmful elements. therefore liver samples from 28 legally hunted wolves were analyzed for concentrations of 16 elements using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. the mann-whitney u test showed a significant difference between the genders only for li, and there were no di ... | 2017 | 29119216 |
| vulture mortality resulting from illegal poisoning in the southern balkan peninsula. | a study was carried out to determine the incidents of illegal poisoning of griffon vulture (gyps fulvus), egyptian vulture (neophron percnopterus), black vulture (aegypius monachus), and bearded vulture (gypaetus barbatus) in the southern balkan peninsula between 1982 and 2017. a total of 38 poisoning cases affecting 224 vultures were analyzed to identify their causes and the primary target species for poisoning. nine different compounds were used in these incidents and the most frequently appli ... | 2018 | 29101695 |
| territory surveillance and prey management: wolves keep track of space and time. | identifying behavioral mechanisms that underlie observed movement patterns is difficult when animals employ sophisticated cognitive-based strategies. such strategies may arise when timing of return visits is important, for instance to allow for resource renewal or territorial patrolling. we fitted spatially explicit random-walk models to gps movement data of six wolves (canis lupus; linnaeus, 1758) from alberta, canada to investigate the importance of the following: (1) territorial surveillance ... | 2017 | 29075457 |
| fatal attraction? intraguild facilitation and suppression among predators. | competition and suppression are recognized as dominant forces that structure predator communities. facilitation via carrion provisioning, however, is a ubiquitous interaction among predators that could offset the strength of suppression. understanding the relative importance of these positive and negative interactions is necessary to anticipate community-wide responses to apex predator declines and recoveries worldwide. using state-sponsored wolf (canis lupus) control in alaska as a quasi experi ... | 2017 | 29053355 |
| a new machine-learning method to prognosticate paraquat poisoned patients by combining coagulation, liver, and kidney indices. | the prognosis of paraquat (pq) poisoning is highly correlated to plasma pq concentration, which has been identified as the most important index in pq poisoning. this study investigated the predictive value of coagulation, liver, and kidney indices in prognosticating pq-poisoning patients, when aligned with plasma pq concentrations. coagulation, liver, and kidney indices were first analyzed by variance analysis, receiver operating characteristic curves, and fisher discriminant analysis. then, a n ... | 2017 | 29049326 |
| surrogate hosts: hunting dogs and recolonizing grey wolves share their endoparasites. | understanding how closely related wildlife species and their domesticated counterparts exchange or share parasites, or replace each other in parasite life cycles, is of great interest to veterinary and human public health, and wildlife ecology. grey wolves (canis lupus) host and spread endoparasites that can either directly infect canid conspecifics or their prey serving as intermediate hosts of indirectly transmitted species. the wolf recolonization of central europe represents an opportunity t ... | 2017 | 28951833 |
| a modified mean gray wolf optimization approach for benchmark and biomedical problems. | a modified variant of gray wolf optimization algorithm, namely, mean gray wolf optimization algorithm has been developed by modifying the position update (encircling behavior) equations of gray wolf optimization algorithm. the proposed variant has been tested on 23 standard benchmark well-known test functions (unimodal, multimodal, and fixed-dimension multimodal), and the performance of modified variant has been compared with particle swarm optimization and gray wolf optimization. proposed algor ... | 2017 | 28932103 |
| presence of trypanosomatid antibodies in gray foxes (urocyon cinereoargenteus) and domestic and feral dogs (canis lupus familiaris) in queretaro, mexico. | trypanosoma cruzi and leishmania spp. are vector-borne parasitic protozoa, the causative agents of chagas and leishmaniasis diseases, respectively. trypanosoma cruzi and leishmania spp. have been reported in a wide variety of mammals, including canids, which play an important role in the transmission of these parasites between urban and natural environments. currently, no studies have been conducted on trypanosomatids in wild canids in mexico. using a partially purified fraction of excreted iron ... | 2016 | 31014533 |
| whole-genome sequence analysis shows that two endemic species of north american wolf are admixtures of the coyote and gray wolf. | protection of populations comprising admixed genomes is a challenge under the endangered species act (esa), which is regarded as the most powerful species protection legislation ever passed in the united states but lacks specific provisions for hybrids. the eastern wolf is a newly recognized wolf-like species that is highly admixed and inhabits the great lakes and eastern united states, a region previously thought to be included in the geographic range of only the gray wolf. the u.s. fish and wi ... | 2016 | 29713682 |
| chemical immobilisation of dhole (cuon alpinus), indian jackal (canis aureus indicus) and indian wolf (canis lupus pallipes) with ketamine hydrochloride-xylazine hydrochloride. | maintaining wild animals in captivity often requires chemical immobilisation to achieve various diagnostic, surgical and management interventions. four dholes, two indian grey wolves and four indian jackals were immobilised using ketamine-xylazine combination for either medical or management interventions. based on the estimated body weight, canids were darted upon with 6-8 mg kg-1 ketamine and 0.7-1.14 mg kg-1 xylazine. initial signs of drug effect included decreased mentation and progressive a ... | 2016 | 29067197 |
| recolonizing wolves influence the realized niche of resident cougars. | niche differentiation may betray current, ongoing competition between two sympatric species or reflect evolutionary responses to historic competition that drove species apart. the best opportunity to test whether ongoing competition contributes to niche differentiation is to test for behavioral shifts by the subordinate competitor in controlled experiments in which the abundance of the dominant competitor is manipulated. because these circumstances are difficult to coordinate in natural settings ... | 2015 | 31966128 |
| comparative survey of canine parvovirus, canine distemper virus and canine enteric coronavirus infection in free-ranging wolves of central italy and south-eastern france. | diseases likely affect large carnivore demography and can hinder conservation efforts. we considered three highly contagious viruses that infect a wide range of domestic and wild mammals: canine parvovirus type 2 (cpv-2), canine distemper virus (cdv) and canine enteric coronaviruses (cecov). infection by either one of these viruses can affect populations through increased mortality and/or decreased general health. we investigated infection in the wolf populations of abruzzo, lazio e molise natio ... | 2014 | 32214941 |
| differential diagnosis of an unusual shoulder articular lesion in an ancient domestic dog (canis lupus familiaris l., 1758). | a proximal humeral articular surface from an ancient domestic dog deliberate burial was examined during survey of small mammal bones from a prehistoric early late woodland archeological site. an unusual lesion on the caudolateral articular surface prompted micro-computed tomography to define detailed structure. results indicate cortical or immature woven bone arising subchondrally, replacing normal trabeculae, extending through a breach in the cortical surface, and having sharp transition with s ... | 2013 | 29539565 |
| lack of evidence of paratuberculosis in wild canids from southwestern europe. | wild carnivores are at the top of the trophic chain. they are predators and carrion consumers, and thus, prone to come in contact with disease agents contaminating the environment or infecting live or dead animals. we hypothesized that wild canids could be used as sentinels for the detection of regions with higher mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis (map) prevalence in wild and domestic animals. to test this hypothesis, we set up an elisa to test 262 wolf (canis lupus) and fox (vulpes vulpes) s ... | 2011 | 32214939 |
| patterns and processes of pathogen exposure in gray wolves across north america. | the presence of many pathogens varies in a predictable manner with latitude, with infections decreasing from the equator towards the poles. we investigated the geographic trends of pathogens infecting a widely distributed carnivore: the gray wolf (canis lupus). specifically, we investigated which variables best explain and predict geographic trends in seroprevalence across north american wolf populations and the implications of the underlying mechanisms. we compiled a large serological dataset o ... | 2021 | 33580121 |
| wolf (canis lupus) as canine adenovirus type 1 (cadv-1) sentinel for the endangered cantabrian brown bear (ursus arctos arctos). | canine adenovirus type 1 (cadv-1) causes infectious canine hepatitis (ich) and has recently been described as a cause of death among endangered populations of european brown bear (ursus arctos arctos) in the cantabrian mountain range in asturias, spain. sympatric wild and domestic carnivores can act as reservoirs of the virus and likely spread it into the environment and subsequently transmit it to brown bears. the present work investigates the prevalence and geo-temporal distribution of cadv-1 ... | 2021 | 33527683 |
| evaluating angiotensin-converting enzyme 2-mediated sars-cov-2 entry across species. | the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) pandemic represents a global threat, and the interaction between the virus and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ace2), the primary entry receptor for sars-cov-2, is a key determinant of the range of hosts that can be infected by the virus. however, the mechanisms underpinning ace2-mediated viral entry across species remains unclear. using infection assay, we evaluated sars-cov-2 entry mediated by ace2 of 11 different animal species ... | 2021 | 33610551 |
| the gut viral metagenome analysis of domestic dogs captures snapshot of viral diversity and potential risk of coronavirus. | the close relations between dogs (canis lupus familiaris) and humans lay a foundation for cross species transmissions of viruses. the co-existence of multiplex viruses in the host accelerate viral variations. for effective prediction and prevention of potential epidemic or even pandemic, the metagenomics method was used to investigate the gut virome status of 45 domestic healthy dogs which have extensive contact with human beings. a total of 248.6 gb data (505, 203, 006 valid reads, 150 bp in le ... | 2021 | 34307533 |
| structural analysis of covid-19 spike protein in recognizing the ace2 receptor of different mammalian species and its susceptibility to viral infection. | the pandemic covid-19 was caused by a novel coronavirus-2 (sars-cov-2) that infects humans through the binding of glycosylated sars-cov-2 spike 2 protein to the glycosylated ace2 receptor. the spike 2 protein recognizes the n-terminal helices of the glycosylated metalloprotease domain in the human ace2 receptor. to understand the susceptibility of animals for infection and transmission, we did sequence and structure-based molecular interaction analysis of 16 ace2 receptors from different mammali ... | 2021 | 33552834 |
| a stochastic bi-objective simulation-optimization model for plasma supply chain in case of covid-19 outbreak. | as of march 24, 2020, the food and drug administration (fda) authorized to bleed the newly recovered from coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19), i.e., the ones whose lives were at risk, separate plasma from their blood and inject it to covid-19 patients. in many cases, as observed the plasma antibodies have cured the disease. therefore, a four-echelon supply chain has been designed in this study to locate the blood collection centers, to find out how the collection centers are allocated to the tem ... | 2021 | 34335121 |
| gradient-based grey wolf optimizer with gaussian walk: application in modelling and prediction of the covid-19 pandemic. | this research proposes a new type of grey wolf optimizer named gradient-based grey wolf optimizer (ggwo). using gradient information, we accelerated the convergence of the algorithm that enables us to solve well-known complex benchmark functions optimally for the first time in this field. we also used the gaussian walk and lévy flight to improve the exploration and exploitation capabilities of the ggwo to avoid trapping in local optima. we apply the suggested method to several benchmark function ... | 2021 | 33814731 |
| automated detection of covid-19 from chest x-ray scans using an optimized cnn architecture. | the novel coronavirus termed as covid-19 has taken the world by its crutches affecting innumerable lives with devastating impact on the global economy and public health. one of the major ways to control the spread of this disease is identification in the initial stage, so that isolation and treatment could be initiated. due to the lack of automated auxiliary diagnostic medical tools, availability of lesser sensitivity testing kits, and limited availability of healthcare professionals, the pandem ... | 2021 | 33649705 |
| foot-and-mouth disease virus infection in the domestic dog (canis lupus familiaris), iran. | foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) is a highly infectious viral disease, recognised to affect animals in the order artiodactyla. the disease is rarely fatal in adult animals, however high mortality is associated with neonatal and juvenile infection. | 2021 | 33526020 |