| marmosets: a neuroscientific model of human social behavior. | the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) has garnered interest recently as a powerful model for the future of neuroscience research. much of this excitement has centered on the species' reproductive biology and compatibility with gene editing techniques, which together have provided a path for transgenic marmosets to contribute to the study of disease as well as basic brain mechanisms. in step with technical advances is the need to establish experimental paradigms that optimally tap into the mar ... | 2016 | 27100195 |
| towards a comprehensive atlas of cortical connections in a primate brain: mapping tracer injection studies of the common marmoset into a reference digital template. | the marmoset is an emerging animal model for large-scale attempts to understand primate brain connectivity, but achieving this aim requires the development and validation of procedures for normalization and integration of results from many neuroanatomical experiments. here we describe a computational pipeline for coregistration of retrograde tracing data on connections of cortical areas into a 3d marmoset brain template, generated from nissl-stained sections. the procedure results in a series of ... | 2016 | 27099164 |
| individual differences in metabolic clearance of s-warfarin efficiently mediated by polymorphic marmoset cytochrome p450 2c19 in livers. | marmoset cytochrome p450 2c19, highly homologous to human p450 2c9 and 2c19, has been identified in common marmosets (callithrix jacchus), a nonhuman primate species used in drug metabolism studies. although genetic variants in human and macaque p450 2c genes account for the interindividual variability in drug metabolism, genetic variants have not been investigated in the marmoset p450 2c19 in this study, sequencing of p450 2c19 in 24 marmosets identified three variants p.[(phe7leu; ser254leu; i ... | 2016 | 27098744 |
| rapid adaptation induces persistent biases in population codes for visual motion. | each visual experience changes the neural response to subsequent stimuli. if the brain is unable to incorporate these encoding changes, the decoding, or perception, of subsequent stimuli is biased. although the phenomenon of adaptation pervades the nervous system, its effects have been studied mainly in isolation, based on neuronal encoding changes induced by an isolated, prolonged stimulus. to understand how adaptation-induced biases arise and persist under continuous, naturalistic stimulation, ... | 2016 | 27098699 |
| overlapping expression of anion exchangers in the cochlea of a non-human primate suggests functional compensation. | ion homeostasis in the inner ear is essential for proper hearing. anion exchangers are one of the transporters responsible for the maintenance of homeostasis, but their expression profile in the primate cochlea has not been fully characterized. however, species-specific overlapping expression patterns and functional compensation in other organs, such as the kidney, pancreas and small intestine, have been reported. here, we determined the expression patterns of the anion exchangers slc26a4, slc26 ... | 2016 | 27091614 |
| psycho-cognitive intervention for asd from cross-species behavioral analyses of infants, chicks and common marmosets. | educational treatment to support social development of children with autism spectrum disorder (asd) is an important topic in developmental psychiatry. however, it remains difficult to objectively quantify the socio-emotional development of asd children. to address this problem, we developed a novel analytical method that assesses subjects' complex behaviors using multivariate analysis, 'behavior output analysis for quantitative emotional state translation' (bouquet). here, we examine the potenti ... | 2016 | 27071788 |
| the common marmoset as an indispensable animal model for immunotherapy development in multiple sclerosis. | new drugs often fail in the translation from the rodent experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (eae) model to human multiple sclerosis (ms). here, we present the marmoset eae model as an indispensable model for translational research into ms. the genetic heterogeneity of this species and lifelong exposure to chronic latent infections and environmental pathogens create a human-like immune system. unique to this model is the presence of the pathological hallmark of progressive ms, in particular ... | 2016 | 27060373 |
| topography of claustrum and insula projections to medial prefrontal and anterior cingulate cortices of the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus). | the claustrum has been the subject of intense research interest in recent years, driven in large part by its extensive connections with various regions of the cerebral cortex and by hypotheses surrounding its possible role in multimodal sensory and/or sensory-emotional integration. here we employed neuroanatomical tracers to map projections from the claustrum-insular region to the medial prefrontal and anterior cingulate cortex of the common marmoset (callithrx jacchus). these areas were selecte ... | 2017 | 27038224 |
| cenp-b box, a nucleotide motif involved in centromere formation, occurs in a new world monkey. | centromere protein b (cenp-b) is one of the major proteins involved in centromere formation, binding to centromeric repetitive dna by recognizing a 17 bp motif called the cenp-b box. hominids (humans and great apes) carry large numbers of cenp-b boxes in alpha satellite dna (as, the major centromeric repetitive dna of simian primates). only negative results have been reported regarding the presence of the cenp-b box in other primate taxa. consequently, it is widely believed that the cenp-b box i ... | 2016 | 27029836 |
| plasma metabolomics of common marmosets (callithrix jacchus) to evaluate diet and feeding husbandry. | common marmosets (callithrix jacchus) are an important nhp model for the study of human aging and age-related diseases. however, the full potential of marmosets as a research model has not been realized due to a lack of evidence-based, standardized procedures for their captive management, especially regarding diet and feeding husbandry. in the present study, we conducted a high-resolution metabolomics analysis of plasma from marmosets from a 3-mo dietary crossover study to determine whether sign ... | 2016 | 27025803 |
| proteome profiling reveals regional protein alteration in cerebrum of common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) exposed to methylmercury. | methylmercury (mehg) is known to selectively damage the calcarine and precentral cortices along deep sulci and fissures in adult cases, but the detailed mechanism is still unclear. this study aims to identify and analyze the differential proteome expression in two regions of the cerebrum (the frontal lobe and the occipital lobe including the calcarine sulcus) of the common marmoset exposed to mehg using a shot-gun proteomic approach. a total of 1045 and 1062 proteins were identified in the front ... | 2016 | 27012723 |
| individual and familial susceptibility to mptp in a common marmoset model for parkinson's disease. | insight into susceptibility mechanisms underlying parkinson's disease (pd) would aid the understanding of disease etiology, enable target finding and benefit the development of more refined disease-modifying strategies. | 2016 | 26999593 |
| novel primate model of serotonin transporter genetic polymorphisms associated with gene expression, anxiety and sensitivity to antidepressants. | genetic polymorphisms in the repeat upstream region of the serotonin transporter gene (slc6a4) are associated with individual differences in stress reactivity, vulnerability to affective disorders, and response to pharmacotherapy. however, the molecular, neurodevelopmental and psychopharmacological mechanisms underlying the link between slc6a4 polymorphisms and the emotionally vulnerable phenotype are not fully understood. thus, using the marmoset monkey callithrix jacchus we characterize here a ... | 2016 | 26997299 |
| immunocytochemical localization of kisspeptin and kisspeptin receptor in the primate testis. | hypothalamic kisspeptin-kisspeptin receptor signalling in primates ensures the successful progression into puberty during development and maintenance of reproductive capacity during adulthood. human testis has been shown to express high-to-moderate levels of kisspeptin and kisspeptin receptor gene expression. in this study, we aimed at characterizing the localization of kisspeptin and kisspeptin receptor in adult primate testis tissue. | 2016 | 26987570 |
| next generation sequencing (ngs) database for tandem repeats with multiple pattern 2°-shaft multicore string matching. | next generation sequencing (ngs) technologies have been rapidly applied in biomedical and biological research in recent years. to provide the comprehensive ngs resource for the research, in this paper , we have considered 10 loci/codi/repeats taga, tcat, gaat, agat, agaa, gata, tatc, cttt, tctg and tcta. then we developed the ngs tandem repeat database (tandemrepeatdb) for all the chromosomes of homo sapiens, callithrix jacchus, chlorocebus sabaeus, gorilla gorilla, macaca fascicularis, macaca m ... | 2016 | 26981434 |
| functional connectivity hubs and networks in the awake marmoset brain. | in combination with advances in analytical methods, resting-state fmri is allowing unprecedented access to a better understanding of the network organization of the brain. increasing evidence suggests that this architecture may incorporate highly functionally connected nodes, or "hubs", and we have recently proposed local functional connectivity density (lfcd) mapping to identify highly-connected nodes in the human brain. here, we imaged awake nonhuman primates to test whether, like the human br ... | 2016 | 26973476 |
| the atypical antipsychotic blonanserin reverses (+)-pd-128907- and ketamine-induced deficit in executive function in common marmosets. | antagonism of the dopamine d3 receptor is considered a promising strategy for the treatment of cognitive impairment associated with schizophrenia. we have previously reported that the atypical antipsychotic blonanserin, a dopamine d2/d3 and serotonin 5-ht2a receptor antagonist, highly occupies dopamine d3 receptors at its antipsychotic dose range in rats. in the present study, we evaluated the effects of blonanserin on executive function in common marmosets using the object retrieval with detour ... | 2016 | 26970575 |
| physiological and behavioral responses to routine procedures in captive common marmosets (callithrix jacchus). | the effect of routine captive procedures on the welfare of species used as experimental models in biomedical research is of great interest, since stress may alter the generalization and interpretation of results. this study investigated behavioral and endocrine (fecal cortisol) reactivity patterns in common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) adult males (n = 10) and females (n = 9) subjected to three types of routine procedures in captivity: (1) moving to a same-sized cage (p1), to a smaller cage (p2 ... | 2016 | 26946459 |
| discovery of a new repeat family in the callithrix jacchus genome. | we identified a novel repeat family, termed platy-1, in the callithrix jacchus (common marmoset) genome that arose around the time of the divergence of platyrrhines and catarrhines and established itself as a repeat family in new world monkeys (nwms). a full-length platy-1 element is ∼100 bp in length, making it the shortest known short interspersed element (sine) in primates, and harbors features characteristic of non-ltr retrotransposons. we identified 2268 full-length platy-1 elements across ... | 2016 | 26916108 |
| distinct expression patterns of causative genes responsible for hereditary progressive hearing loss in non-human primate cochlea. | hearing impairment is the most frequent sensory deficit in humans. deafness genes, which harbor pathogenic mutations that have been identified in families with hereditary hearing loss, are commonly expressed in the auditory end organ or the cochlea and may contribute to normal hearing function, yet some of the mouse models carrying these mutations fail to recapitulate the hearing loss phenotype. in this study, we find that distinct expression patterns of those deafness genes in the cochlea of a ... | 2016 | 26915689 |
| reversal learning in gonadectomized marmosets with and without hormone replacement: are males more sensitive to punishment? | this study examined sex differences in executive function in middle-aged gonadectomized marmosets (callithrix jacchus) with or without hormonal replacement. we tested ten castrated male (mean age 5.5 years) marmosets treated with testosterone cypionate (t, n = 5) or vehicle (n = 5) on reversal learning, which contributes to cognitive flexibility, and the delayed response task, measuring working memory. their performance was compared to that of 11 ovariectomized females (mean age = 3.7 years) tre ... | 2016 | 26909674 |
| transduction profile of the marmoset central nervous system using adeno-associated virus serotype 9 vectors. | the common marmoset is a small new world primate that has attracted remarkable attention as a potential experimental animal link between rodents and humans. adeno-associated virus (aav) vector-mediated expression of a disease-causing gene or a potential therapeutic gene in the brain may allow the construction of a marmoset model of a brain disorder or an exploration of the possibility of gene therapy. to gain more insights into aav vector-mediated transduction profiles in the marmoset central ne ... | 2017 | 26884266 |
| cryopreservation of ovaries from neonatal marmoset monkeys. | the ovary of neonatal nonhuman primates contains the highest number of immature oocytes, but its cryopreservation has not yet been sufficiently investigated in all life stages. in the current study, we investigated cryodamage after vitrification/warming of neonatal ovaries from a nonhuman primate, the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus). a cryotop was used for cryopreservation of whole ovaries. the morphology of the vitrified/warmed ovaries was found to be equivalent to that of fresh ovaries. n ... | 2016 | 26876597 |
| detection of cross-sex chimerism in the common marmoset monkey (callithrix jacchus) in interphase cells using fluorescence in situ hybridisation probes specific for the marmoset x and y chromosomes. | chimerism associated with placental sharing in marmosets has been traditionally analysed using conventional chromosome staining on metaphase spreads or polymerase chain reaction. however, the former technique requires the presence of proliferating cells, whereas the latter may be associated with possible blood cell contamination. therefore, we aimed to develop a single-cell analysis technique for sexing marmoset cells. we applied fluorescent in situ hybridisation (fish) to cell nuclei using diff ... | 2016 | 26876539 |
| serum matrix metalloproteinase 9 (mmp9) as a biochemical marker for wasting marmoset syndrome. | use of the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) as a non-human primate experimental animal has increased in recent years. although wasting marmoset syndrome (wms) is one of the biggest problems in captive marmoset colonies, the molecular mechanisms, biochemical markers for accurate diagnosis and a reliable treatment remain unknown. in this study, as a first step to finding biochemical marker(s) for the accurate diagnosis of wms, we conducted blood cell counts, including hematocrit, hemoglobin an ... | 2016 | 26876041 |
| touchscreen assays of learning, response inhibition, and motivation in the marmoset (callithrix jacchus). | recent developments in precision gene editing have led to the emergence of the marmoset as an experimental subject of considerable interest and translational value. a better understanding of behavioral phenotypes of the common marmoset will inform the extent to which forthcoming transgenic mutants are cognitively intact. therefore, additional information regarding their learning, inhibitory control, and motivational abilities is needed. the present studies used touchscreen-based repeated acquisi ... | 2016 | 26846231 |
| oxytocin is associated with infant-care behavior and motivation in cooperatively breeding marmoset monkeys. | the neurohormone oxytocin (ot) is positively involved in the regulation of parenting and social bonding in mammals, and may thus also be important for the mediation of alloparental care. in cooperatively breeding marmosets, infants are raised in teamwork by parents and adult and sub-adult non-reproductive helpers (usually older siblings). despite high intrinsic motivation, which may be mediated by hormonal priming, not all individuals are always equally able to contribute to infant-care due to c ... | 2016 | 26836769 |
| a longitudinal analysis of the effects of age on the blood plasma metabolome in the common marmoset, callithrix jacchus. | primates tend to be long-lived for their size with humans being the longest lived of all primates. there are compelling reasons to understand the underlying age-related processes that shape human lifespan. but the very fact of our long lifespan that makes it so compelling, also makes it especially difficult to study. thus, in studies of aging, researchers have turned to non-human primate models, including chimpanzees, baboons, and rhesus macaques. more recently, the common marmoset, callithrix j ... | 2016 | 26805607 |
| correction: metabolic characterization of the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus). | | 2016 | 26799071 |
| oxytocin modulates behavioral and physiological responses to a stressor in marmoset monkeys. | social isolation is a major source of stress and can lead to activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (hpa) axis. the presence of a close social partner can reduce the magnitude of the hpa-axis response during a stressor, a phenomenon known as social buffering. the oxytocin (oxt) system has been identified as one candidate for mediating social buffering due to its role in the facilitation of social bonding and the expression of prosocial behavior. the goal of the present study was to det ... | 2016 | 26771946 |
| modeling parkinson's disease in the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus): overview of models, methods, and animal care. | the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) is a small-bodied, popular new world monkey and is used widely in reproductive biology, neuroscience, and drug development, due to its comparative ease of handling, high reproductive efficiency, and its unique behavioral characters. in this review, we discuss the marmoset models in parkinson's disease (pd), which is a neurological movement disorder primarily resulting from a degeneration of dopaminergic neurons with clinical features of tremor, rigidity, ... | 2015 | 26755918 |
| circadian activity rhythm in pre-pubertal and pubertal marmosets (callithrix jacchus) living in family groups. | in marmosets, a phase advance was observed in activity onset in pubertal animals living in captivity under semi-natural conditions which had stronger correlation with the times of sunrise over the course of the year than the age of the animal. in order to evaluate the effect of puberty on the circadian activity rhythm in male and female marmosets living in family groups in controlled lighting conditions, the activity of 5 dyads of twins (4 ♀/♂ and 1 ♂/♂) and their respective parents was continuo ... | 2016 | 26724713 |
| an acute immune response to middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus replication contributes to viral pathogenicity. | middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) was first identified in a human with severe pneumonia in 2012. since then, infections have been detected in >1500 individuals, with disease severity ranging from asymptomatic to severe, fatal pneumonia. to elucidate the pathogenesis of this virus and investigate mechanisms underlying disease severity variation in the absence of autopsy data, a rhesus macaque and common marmoset model of mers-cov disease were analyzed. rhesus macaques develo ... | 2016 | 26724387 |
| sequencing the exposome: a call to action. | the exposome is a complement to the genome that includes non-genetic causes of disease. multiple definitions are available, with salient points being global inclusion of exposures and behaviors, and cumulative integration of associated biologic responses. as such, the concept is both refreshingly simple and dauntingly complex. this article reviews high-resolution metabolomics (hrm) as an affordable approach to routinely analyze samples for a broad spectrum of environmental chemicals and biologic ... | 2017 | 26722641 |
| complex pitch perception mechanisms are shared by humans and a new world monkey. | the perception of the pitch of harmonic complex sounds is a crucial function of human audition, especially in music and speech processing. whether the underlying mechanisms of pitch perception are unique to humans, however, is unknown. based on estimates of frequency resolution at the level of the auditory periphery, psychoacoustic studies in humans have revealed several primary features of central pitch mechanisms. it has been shown that (i) pitch strength of a harmonic tone is dominated by res ... | 2016 | 26712015 |
| mirror neurons in a new world monkey, common marmoset. | mirror neurons respond when executing a motor act and when observing others' similar act. so far, mirror neurons have been found only in macaques, humans, and songbirds. to investigate the degree of phylogenetic specialization of mirror neurons during the course of their evolution, we determined whether mirror neurons with similar properties to macaques occur in a new world monkey, the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus). the ventral premotor cortex (pmv), where mirror neurons have been reporte ... | 2015 | 26696817 |
| the dopamine d1 receptor agonist skf-82958 effectively increases eye blinking count in common marmosets. | eye blinking is a spontaneous behavior observed in all mammals, and has been used as a well-established clinical indicator for dopamine production in neuropsychiatric disorders, including parkinson's disease and tourette syndrome [1,2]. pharmacological studies in humans and non-human primates have shown that dopamine agonists/antagonists increase/decrease eye blinking rate. common marmosets (callithrix jacchus) have recently attracted a great deal of attention as suitable experimental animals in ... | 2016 | 26675887 |
| the 14/15 association as a paradigmatic example of tracing karyotype evolution in new world monkeys. | fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish), especially chromosome painting, has been extensively exploited in the phylogenetic reconstruction of primate evolution. although chromosome painting is a key method to map translocations, it is not effective in detecting chromosome inversions, which may be up to four times more frequent than other chromosomal rearrangements. bac-fish instead can economically delineate marker order and reveal intrachromosomal rearrangements. however, up to now, bac-fish ... | 2016 | 26667930 |
| long-term oocyte-like cell development in cultures derived from neonatal marmoset monkey ovary. | we use the common marmoset monkey (callithrix jacchus) as a preclinical nonhuman primate model to study reproductive and stem cell biology. the neonatal marmoset monkey ovary contains numerous primitive premeiotic germ cells (oogonia) expressing pluripotent stem cell markers including oct4a (pou5f1). this is a peculiarity compared to neonatal human and rodent ovaries. here, we aimed at culturing marmoset oogonia from neonatal ovaries. we established a culture system being stable for more than 20 ... | 2016 | 26664406 |
| draft genome sequence of bifidobacterium aesculapii dsm 26737t, isolated from feces of baby common marmoset. | bifidobacterium aesculapii dsm 26737(t) was isolated from feces of baby common marmoset. here, we report the draft genome sequence of this organism. this paper is the first published report of the genomic sequence of b. aesculapii. | 2015 | 26659692 |
| long-term two-photon calcium imaging of neuronal populations with subcellular resolution in adult non-human primates. | two-photon imaging with genetically encoded calcium indicators (gecis) enables long-term observation of neuronal activity in vivo. however, there are very few studies of gecis in primates. here, we report a method for long-term imaging of a geci, gcamp6f, expressed from adeno-associated virus vectors in cortical neurons of the adult common marmoset (callithrix jacchus), a small new world primate. we used a tetracycline-inducible expression system to robustly amplify neuronal gcamp6f expression a ... | 2015 | 26655910 |
| endocrine and cognitive adaptations to cope with stress in immature common marmosets (callithrix jacchus): sex and age matter. | phenotypic sex differences in primates are associated with body differentiation during the early stages of life, expressed in both physiological and behavioral features. hormones seem to play a pivotal role in creating a range of responses to meet environmental and social demands, resulting in better reactions to cope with challenges to survival and reproduction. steroid hormones actively participate in neuroplasticity and steroids from both gonads and neurons seem to be involved in behavioral m ... | 2015 | 26648876 |
| α-synuclein aggregation in the olfactory bulb of middle-aged common marmoset. | the synaptic protein α-synuclein has been identified as a major component of lewy bodies, a pathological hallmark of parkinson's disease (pd). prior to the formation of lewy bodies, mislocalization and aggregation of the α-synuclein in brain tissue is frequently observed in various neurodegenerative diseases. aberrant accumulation and localization of α-synuclein are also observed in the aging human brain, for which reason aging is regarded as a risk factor for neurodegenerative disease. to inves ... | 2016 | 26643383 |
| a quantitative acoustic analysis of the vocal repertoire of the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus). | the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus), a highly vocal new world primate species, has emerged in recent years as a promising animal model for studying brain mechanisms underlying perception, vocal production, and cognition. the present study provides a quantitative acoustic analysis of a large number of vocalizations produced by marmosets in a social environment within a captive colony. previous classifications of the marmoset vocal repertoire were mostly based on qualitative observations. in ... | 2015 | 26627765 |
| resequencing of the common marmoset genome improves genome assemblies and gene-coding sequence analysis. | the first draft of the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) genome was published by the marmoset genome sequencing and analysis consortium. the draft was based on whole-genome shotgun sequencing, and the current assembly version is callithrix_jacches-3.2.1, but there still exist 187,214 undetermined gap regions and supercontigs and relatively short contigs that are unmapped to chromosomes in the draft genome. we performed resequencing and assembly of the genome of common marmoset by deep sequenc ... | 2015 | 26586576 |
| metabolic characterization of the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus). | high-resolution metabolomics has created opportunity to integrate nutrition and metabolism into genetic studies to improve understanding of the diverse radiation of primate species. at present, however, there is very little information to help guide experimental design for study of wild populations. in a previous non-targeted metabolomics study of common marmosets (callithrix jacchus), rhesus macaques, humans, and four non-primate mammalian species, we found that essential amino acids (aa) and o ... | 2015 | 26581102 |
| metabolic consequences of long-term rapamycin exposure on common marmoset monkeys (callithrix jacchus). | rapamycin has been shown to extend lifespan in rodent models, but the effects on metabolic health and function have been widely debated in both clinical and translational trials. prior to rapamycin being used as a treatment to extend both lifespan and healthspan in the human population, it is vital to assess the side effects of the treatment on metabolic pathways in animal model systems, including a closely related non-human primate model. in this study, we found that long-term treatment of marm ... | 2015 | 26568298 |
| connectivity between the off bipolar type db3a and six types of ganglion cell in the marmoset retina. | parallel visual pathways originate at the first synapse in the retina, where cones make connections with cone bipolar cells that in turn contact ganglion cells. there are more ganglion cell types than bipolar types, suggesting that there must be divergence from bipolar to ganglion cells. here we analyze the contacts between an off bipolar type (db3a) and six ganglion cell types in the retina of the marmoset monkey (callithrix jacchus). ganglion cells were transfected via particle-mediated gene t ... | 2016 | 26559914 |
| scratching under positive and negative arousal in common marmosets (callithrix jacchus). | scratching has been widely used as an indicator of anxiety in many primate species. however, a handful of studies have shown no change in scratching under anxiety-provoking circumstances. in addition, the existing literature has investigated scratching only in relation to negative arousal (i.e., anxiety), even though anxiety and excitement (positive arousal) share important physiological and behavioral correlates, including increased heart rate, blood pressure, and locomotion. in the current stu ... | 2016 | 26530306 |
| sphere-formation culture of testicular germ cells in the common marmoset, a small new world monkey. | spermatogonia are specialized cells responsible for continuous spermatogenesis and the production of offspring. because of this biological property, in vitro culture of spermatogonia provides a powerful methodology to advance reproductive biology and engineering. however, methods for culturing primate spermatogonia are poorly established. we have designed a novel method for culturing spermatogonia in the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus), a small primate. by using our method with a suite of g ... | 2016 | 26530217 |
| marmosets treated with oxytocin are more socially attractive to their long-term mate. | adult male-female bonds are partly characterized by initiating and maintaining close proximity with a social partner, as well as engaging in high levels of affiliative and sociosexual behavior. oxytocin (oxt), a neuromodulatory nonapeptide, plays a critical role in the facilitation of social bonding and prosocial behavior toward a social partner (feldman, 2012). however, less attention has been given to whether augmentation of oxt levels in an individual alters others' perceptions and behavior t ... | 2015 | 26528149 |
| cognitive impairment in a young marmoset reveals lateral ventriculomegaly and a mild hippocampal atrophy: a case report. | the number of studies that use the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) in various fields of neurosciences is increasing dramatically. in general, animals enter the study when their health status is considered satisfactory on the basis of classical clinical investigations. in behavioral studies, variations of score between individuals are frequently observed, some of them being considered as poor performers or outliers. experimenters rarely consider the fact that it could be related to some brai ... | 2015 | 26527211 |
| bifidobacterium myosotis sp. nov., bifidobacterium tissieri sp. nov. and bifidobacterium hapali sp. nov., isolated from faeces of baby common marmosets (callithrix jacchus l.). | in a previous study on bifidobacterial distribution in new world monkeys, six strains belonging to the bifidobacteriaceae were isolated from faecal samples of baby common marmosets (callithrix jacchus l.). all the isolates were gram-positive-staining, anaerobic, asporogenous and fructose-6-phosphate phosphoketolase-positive. comparative analysis of 16s rrna gene sequences revealed relatively low levels of similarity (maximum identity 96 %) to members of the genus bifidobacterium, and placed the ... | 2016 | 26515885 |
| functional columns in superior temporal sulcus areas of the common marmoset. | cortical areas in the superior temporal sulcus (sts) of primates have been recognized as a part of the 'social brain'. in particular, biological motion stimuli elicit neuronal responses in the sts, indicating their roles in the ability to understand others' actions. however, the spatial organization of functionally identified sts cells is not well understood because it is difficult to identify the precise locations of cells in sulcal regions. here, using a small new world monkey, the common marm ... | 2015 | 26512934 |
| caffeine 7-n-demethylation and c-8-oxidation mediated by liver microsomal cytochrome p450 enzymes in common marmosets. | 1. 3-n-demethylation of caffeine (1,3,7-trimethylxanthine) is mediated by human cytochrome p450 1a2, whereas 7-n-demethylation and c-8-hydroxylation are reportedly catalyzed by monkey p450 2c9 and rat p450 1a2, respectively. 2. roles of marmoset p450 enzymes in caffeine oxidation were investigated using nine marmoset liver microsomes and 14 recombinantly expressed marmoset p450 enzymes. 3. predominant caffeine 7-n-demethylation and c-8-hydroxylation activities in marmoset liver microsomes were m ... | 2015 | 26503341 |
| neurobehavioral development of common marmoset monkeys. | common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) monkeys are a resource for biomedical research and their use is predicted to increase due to the suitability of this species for transgenic approaches. identification of abnormal neurodevelopment due to genetic modification relies upon the comparison with validated patterns of normal behavior defined by unbiased methods. as scientists unfamiliar with nonhuman primate development are interested to apply genomic editing techniques in marmosets, it would be bene ... | 2016 | 26502294 |
| expression and distribution of peroxiredoxins in the retina and optic nerve. | oxidative stress is implicated in various pathological conditions of the retina and optic nerve. peroxiredoxins (prdxs) comprise a recently characterized family of antioxidant enzymes. to date, little information exists regarding the distribution of prdxs in the eye. herein, we employed a combination of qrt-pcr, immunohistochemistry and western blotting to determine the level of expression and distribution of the six prdx isoforms in the retina and optic nerve of the rat. in addition, we perform ... | 2016 | 26501408 |
| can vocal conditioning trigger a semiotic ratchet in marmosets? | the complexity of human communication has often been taken as evidence that our language reflects a true evolutionary leap, bearing little resemblance to any other animal communication system. the putative uniqueness of the human language poses serious evolutionary and ethological challenges to a rational explanation of human communication. here we review ethological, anatomical, molecular, and computational results across several species to set boundaries for these challenges. results from anim ... | 2015 | 26500583 |
| active control of the nucleation temperature enhances freezing survival of multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells. | cryopreservation is a technique that has been extensively used for storage of multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (mscs) in regenerative medicine. therefore, improving current cryopreservation procedures in terms of increasing cell viability and functionality is important. in this study, we optimized the cryopreservation protocol of mscs derived from the common marmoset callithrix jacchus (cj), which can be used as a non-human primate model in various pathological and transplantation studies a ... | 2015 | 26499840 |
| hormonal stimulation and paternal experience influence responsiveness to infant distress vocalizations by adult male common marmosets, callithrix jacchus. | parental experience and hormones play a large role in the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) father's care of their offspring. we tested the effect of exogenous estradiol or testosterone on the responsiveness of common marmosets to respond to infant distress vocalizations and whether males who haven't become fathers yet (paired males) would have increased responsiveness to infant distress calls with either steroid or whether parental experience is the most important component for the onset of ... | 2016 | 26497409 |
| sustained performance by common marmosets in a delayed matching to position task with variable stimulus presentations. | working memory is used to solve various cognitive problems by maintaining information for some time and then by refreshing this information after certain purposes are achieved. in the present study, we explored the ability of common marmosets to perform a delayed matching to position (dmtp) task in a controlled environment using operant conditioning. the dmtp task requires the subjects to respond to the sample stimulus and to select one of two comparison stimuli with a position matching that of ... | 2016 | 26475508 |
| oxytocin and vasopressin enhance responsiveness to infant stimuli in adult marmosets. | the neuropeptides oxytocin (ot) and arginine-vasopressin (avp) have been implicated in modulating sex-specific responses to offspring in a variety of uniparental and biparental rodent species. despite the large body of research in rodents, the effects of these hormones in biparental primates are less understood. marmoset monkeys (callithrix jacchus) belong to a clade of primates with a high incidence of biparental care and also synthesize a structurally distinct variant of ot (proline instead of ... | 2015 | 26472596 |
| the adenosine a2a receptor antagonist, istradefylline enhances anti-parkinsonian activity induced by combined treatment with low doses of l-dopa and dopamine agonists in mptp-treated common marmosets. | the adenosine a2a receptor antagonist, istradefylline improves motor function in patients with advanced parkinson's disease (pd) optimally treated with a combination of l-dopa and a dopamine agonist without increasing the risk of troublesome dyskinesia. however, the effects of istradefylline on motor function when administered in combination with low dose of l-dopa and dopamine agonists as occurs in early pd are unknown. we investigated whether istradefylline enhances the combined anti-parkinson ... | 2015 | 26415982 |
| corticospinal tract tracing in the marmoset with a clinical whole-body 3t scanner using manganese-enhanced mri. | manganese-enhanced mri (memri) has been described as a powerful tool to depict the architecture of neuronal circuits. in this study we investigated the potential use of in vivo mri detection of manganese for tracing neuronal projections from the primary motor cortex (m1) in healthy marmosets (callithrix jacchus). we determined the optimal dose of manganese chloride (mncl2) among 800, 400, 40 and 8 nmol that led to manganese-induced hyperintensity furthest from the injection site, as specific to ... | 2015 | 26398500 |
| more effective induction of anesthesia using midazolam-butorphanol-ketamine-sevoflurane compared with ketamine-sevoflurane in the common marmoset monkey (callithrix jacchus). | the common marmoset has been increasingly used for research in the biomedical field; however, there is little information available regarding effective methods of anesthesia in this species. this study retrospectively analyzed 2 regimens of anesthesia induction: intramuscular injection of ketamine followed by inhalation of 5% sevoflurane, and intramuscular injection of midazolam, butorphanol and ketamine followed by inhalation of 5% sevoflurane. anesthetic depth did not reach the surgical anesth ... | 2016 | 26369292 |
| the temporal profile of retinal cell genesis in the marmoset monkey. | the new world marmoset monkey (callithrix jacchus) has a relatively short gestational period compared with other primates but possesses a retina at a similar stage of maturation by birth. previous studies have highlighted that the complex fovea of the marmoset undergoes a more rapid postnatal development in comparison with the macaca monkey, reaching a mature stage earlier than these species. in this current study, we examined the prenatal proliferation profile of cells in the entire retina empl ... | 2016 | 26355791 |
| molecular and cellular characteristics of human and non-human primate multipotent stromal cells from the amnion and bone marrow during long term culture. | multipotent stromal cells (mscs) are among the key candidates in regenerative medicine. however variety of msc sources and general heterogeneity lead to controversial data in functional characterization. furthermore, despite intensive usage as preclinical animal model, little is known about mscs of the common marmoset monkey. | 2015 | 26297012 |
| blockade of cd127 exerts a dichotomous clinical effect in marmoset experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. | non-human primate models of human disease have an important role in the translation of a new scientific finding in lower species into an effective treatment. in this study, we tested a new therapeutic antibody against the il-7 receptor α chain (cd127), which in a c57bl/6 mouse model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (eae) ameliorates disease, demonstrating an important pathogenic function of il-7. we observed that while the treatment was effective in 100 % of the mice, it was only par ... | 2016 | 26260924 |
| striatal and extrastriatal dopamine release in the common marmoset brain measured by positron emission tomography and [(18)f]fallypride. | previous studies have demonstrated that patients with schizophrenia show greater sensitivity to psychostimulants than healthy subjects. sensitization to psychostimulants and resultant alteration of dopaminergic neurotransmission in rodents has been suggested as a useful model of schizophrenia. this study sought to examine the use of methylphenidate as a psychostimulant to induce dopamine release and that of [(18)f]fallypride as a radioligand to quantify the release in a primate model of schizoph ... | 2015 | 26232153 |
| strongly bonded family members in common marmosets show synchronized fluctuations in oxytocin. | oxytocin is a key regulator of social bonding and is positively linked to affiliation and prosocial behavior in several mammal species. in chimpanzees, this link is dyad-specific as affiliative interactions only elicit high oxytocin release if they involve strongly bonded individuals. these studies involved isolated dyads and sampling events. little is known about the role of oxytocin in affiliation and social bonding, and about potential long-term patterns of bonding-related and dyad-specific o ... | 2015 | 26232089 |
| murine k2p5.1 deficiency has no impact on autoimmune neuroinflammation due to compensatory k2p3.1- and kv1.3-dependent mechanisms. | lymphocytes express potassium channels that regulate physiological cell functions, such as activation, proliferation and migration. expression levels of k2p5.1 (task2; kcnk5) channels belonging to the family of two-pore domain potassium channels have previously been correlated to the activity of autoreactive t lymphocytes in patients with multiple sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis. in humans, k2p5.1 channels are upregulated upon t cell stimulation and influence t cell effector functions. howeve ... | 2015 | 26213925 |
| a new targeted model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in the common marmoset. | multiple sclerosis (ms) is the most common cause for sustained disability in young adults, yet treatment options remain very limited. although numerous therapeutic approaches have been effective in rodent models of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (eae), only few proved to be beneficial in patients with ms. hence, there is a strong need for more predictive animal models. within the past decade, eae in the common marmoset evolved as a potent, alternative model for ms, with immunological ... | 2016 | 26207848 |
| treatment with lopinavir/ritonavir or interferon-β1b improves outcome of mers-cov infection in a nonhuman primate model of common marmoset. | middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) causes severe disease in human with an overall case-fatality rate of >35%. effective antivirals are crucial for improving the clinical outcome of mers. although a number of repurposed drugs, convalescent-phase plasma, antiviral peptides, and neutralizing antibodies exhibit anti-mers-cov activity in vitro, most are not readily available or have not been evaluated in nonhuman primates. we assessed 3 repurposed drugs with potent in vitro anti- ... | 2015 | 26198719 |
| animal models of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection. | the emergence of the middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) in 2012 marked the second time that a new, highly pathogenic coronavirus has emerged in the human population in the 21st century. in this review, we discuss the current state of knowledge of animal models of mers-cov infection. commonly used laboratory animal species such as syrian hamsters, mice and ferrets are not susceptible to mers-cov, due to differences in the mers-cov receptor dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (dpp4). the i ... | 2015 | 26192750 |
| septo-temporal distribution and lineage progression of hippocampal neurogenesis in a primate (callithrix jacchus) in comparison to mice. | adult born neurons in the hippocampus show species-specific differences in their numbers, the pace of their maturation and their spatial distribution. here, we present quantitative data on adult hippocampal neurogenesis in a new world primate, the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) that demonstrate parts of the lineage progression and age-related changes. proliferation was largely (∼70%) restricted to stem cells or early progenitor cells, whilst the remainder of the cycling pool could be assig ... | 2015 | 26175670 |
| functional mri of visual responses in the awake, behaving marmoset. | the visual brain is composed of interconnected subcortical and cortical structures that receive and process image information originating in the retina. the visual system of nonhuman primates, in particular macaques, has been studied in great detail in order to elucidate principles of human sensation and perception. the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) is a small new world monkey of growing interest as a primate model for neuroscience. marmosets have advantages over macaques because of their ... | 2015 | 26149609 |
| simultaneous pharmacokinetics evaluation of human cytochrome p450 probes, caffeine, warfarin, omeprazole, metoprolol and midazolam, in common marmosets (callithrix jacchus). | 1. pharmacokinetics of human cytochrome p450 probes (caffeine, racemic warfarin, omeprazole, metoprolol and midazolam) composite, after single intravenous and oral administrations at doses of 0.20 and 1.0 mg kg(-1), respectively, to four male common marmosets were investigated. 2. the plasma concentrations of caffeine and warfarin decreased slowly in a monophasic manner but those of omeprazole, metoprolol and midazolam decreased extensively after intravenous and oral administrations, in a manner ... | 2016 | 26114209 |
| histological and electrophysiological analysis of the corticospinal pathway to forelimb motoneurons in common marmosets. | using histological and electrophysiological methods, we identified the neuroanatomical properties of the common marmoset corticospinal tract (cst), which underlies hand/arm motor control. biotinylated dextran amine (bda) was injected into the primary motor cortex to anterogradely label cst axons in the cervical segments, revealing that most cst axons descend in the contralateral dorsolateral funiculus (dlf; 85.0%), and some in the ipsilateral dlf (10.7%). terminal buttons were mainly found in th ... | 2015 | 26093181 |
| high-field functional magnetic resonance imaging of vocalization processing in marmosets. | vocalizations are behaviorally critical sounds, and this behavioral importance is reflected in the ascending auditory system, where conspecific vocalizations are increasingly over-represented at higher processing stages. recent evidence suggests that, in macaques, this increasing selectivity for vocalizations might culminate in a cortical region that is densely populated by vocalization-preferring neurons. such a region might be a critical node in the representation of vocal communication sounds ... | 2015 | 26091254 |
| production of a high-affinity monoclonal antibody reactive with folate receptors alpha and beta. | folate receptors α (frα) and β (frβ) are two isoforms of the cell surface glycoprotein that binds folate. the expression of frα is rare in normal cells and elevated in cancer cells. thus, frα-based tumor-targeted therapy has been a focus area of laboratory research and clinical trials. recently, it was shown that a significant fraction of tumor-associated macrophages expresses frβ and that these cells can enhance tumor growth. although frα and frβ share 70% identity in their deduced amino acid s ... | 2015 | 26090596 |
| complex and dynamic expression of cadherins in the embryonic marmoset cerebral cortex. | cadherin is a cell adhesion molecule widely expressed in the nervous system. previously, we analyzed the expression of nine classic cadherins (cdh4, cdh6, cdh7, cdh8, cdh9, cdh10, cdh11, cdh12, and cdh20) and t-cadherin (cdh13) in the developing postnatal common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) brain, and found differential expressions between mice and marmosets. in this study, to explore primate-specific cadherin expression at the embryonic stage, we extensively analyzed the expression of these ca ... | 2015 | 26081465 |
| bone disease in the common marmoset: radiographic and histological findings. | the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) is a new world primate that is used in biomedical research due to its small size and relative ease of handling compared with larger primates. although bone disease in common marmosets is well recognized, there are very few detailed descriptions in the literature that cover the range of lesions seen in these animals. for all animals used to model human disease, it is important to be aware of background lesions that may affect the interpretation of study fi ... | 2015 | 26077785 |
| behavioral and trait rating assessments of personality in common marmosets (callithrix jacchus). | the study of personality in animals is a rapidly growing scientific field and numerous species have been reported to show consistent personality profiles. much animal personality research has focused on nonhuman primates, with the main emphasis being placed on old world primates, particularly rhesus macaques and chimpanzees. so far, little work has been done on cooperatively breeding nonhuman primates and new world species. here, we study personality in the cooperatively breeding common marmoset ... | 2015 | 26075516 |
| improved hematopoietic differentiation of primate embryonic stem cells by inhibition of the pi3k-akt pathway under defined conditions. | hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (hspcs) derived from embryonic stem cells (escs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (ipscs) have potential therapeutic applications in humans. to assess the safety and efficacy of esc/ipsc-based therapies, reliable animal models are required prior to their clinical application. the common marmoset (cm) was recently found to be a useful nonhuman primate animal model for drug development and safety assessment. however, a method for the efficient hematopoietic di ... | 2015 | 26073521 |
| natural and anthropogenic hybridization in two species of eastern brazilian marmosets (callithrix jacchus and c. penicillata). | animal hybridization is well documented, but evolutionary outcomes and conservation priorities often differ for natural and anthropogenic hybrids. among primates, an order with many endangered species, the two contexts can be hard to disentangle from one another, which carries important conservation implications. callithrix marmosets give us a unique glimpse of genetic hybridization effects under distinct natural and human-induced contexts. here, we use a 44 autosomal microsatellite marker panel ... | 2015 | 26061111 |
| filamentous fungi isolated from the fur microbiota of callitrichids kept in captivity in brazil. | this study aimed to isolate filamentous fungi from the fur of primates of the genus callithrix kept in the centre for rehabilitation of wild animals (crwa) at the tietê ecological park, são paulo, sp, brazil. samples of the fur of 19 specimens of black-tufted marmosets (callithrix penicillata) and 6 specimens of white-tufted-ear marmosets (callithrix jacchus) were obtained by the square carpet technique. the samples were plated on mycosel™ agar medium (difco™) and incubated at 25°c for 21 days. ... | 2015 | 26056892 |
| comparative analysis of meissner's corpuscles in the fingertips of primates. | meissner's corpuscles (mcs) are tactile mechanoreceptors found in the glabrous skin of primates, including fingertips. these receptors are characterized by sensitivity to light touch, and therefore might be associated with the evolution of manipulative abilities of the hands in primates. we examined mcs in different primate species, including common marmoset (callithrix jacchus, n = 5), baboon (papio anubis, n = 2), rhesus macaque (macaca mulatta, n = 3), chimpanzee (pan troglodytes, n = 3), bon ... | 2015 | 26053332 |
| parturition signaling by visual cues in female marmosets (callithrix jacchus). | new world monkeys have polymorphic color vision, in which all males and some females are dichromats, while most females are trichromats. there is little consensus about which selective pressures fashioned primate color vision, although detection of food, mates and predators has been hypothesized. behavioral evidence shows that males from different species of neotropical primates seem to perceive the timing of female conception and gestation, although, no signals fulfilling this function have bee ... | 2015 | 26047350 |
| allogeneic neural stem/progenitor cells derived from embryonic stem cells promote functional recovery after transplantation into injured spinal cord of nonhuman primates. | : previous studies have demonstrated that neural stem/progenitor cells (ns/pcs) promote functional recovery in rodent animal models of spinal cord injury (sci). because distinct differences exist in the neuroanatomy and immunological responses between rodents and primates, it is critical to determine the effectiveness and safety of allografted embryonic stem cell (esc)-derived ns/pcs (esc-ns/pcs) in a nonhuman primate sci model. in the present study, common marmoset esc-ns/pcs were grafted into ... | 2015 | 26019226 |
| voxel-based morphometry of the marmoset brain: in vivo detection of volume loss in the substantia nigra of the mptp-treated parkinson's disease model. | movement dysfunction in parkinson's disease (pd) is caused by the degeneration of dopaminergic (da) neurons in the substantia nigra (sn). here, we established a method for voxel-based morphometry (vbm) and automatic tissue segmentation of the marmoset monkey brain using a 7-t animal scanner and applied the method to assess da degeneration in a pd model, 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (mptp)-treated animals, with tyrosine-hydroxylase staining. the most significant decreases of local ... | 2015 | 26012491 |
| muscle contractile properties as an explanation of the higher mean power output in marmosets than humans during jumping. | the muscle mass-specific mean power output (pmms,mean) during push-off in jumping in marmosets (callithrix jacchus) is more than twice that in humans. in the present study it was tested whether this is attributable to differences in muscle contractile properties. in biopsies of marmoset m. vastus lateralis (vl) and m. gastrocnemius medialis (gm) (n=4), fibre-type distribution was assessed using fluorescent immunohistochemistry. in single fibres from four marmoset and nine human vl biopsies, the ... | 2015 | 25987730 |
| multipotent stromal cells derived from common marmoset callithrix jacchus within alginate 3d environment: effect of cryopreservation procedures. | multipotent stromal cells derived from the common marmoset monkey callithrix jacchus (cjmscs) possess high phylogenetic similarity to humans, with a great potential for preclinical studies in the field of regenerative medicine. safe and effective long-term storage of cells is of great significance to clinical and research applications. encapsulation of such cell types within alginate beads that can mimic an extra-cellular matrix and provide a supportive environment for cells during cryopreservat ... | 2015 | 25980899 |
| common marmoset cd117+ hematopoietic cells possess multipotency. | analysis of the hematopoiesis of non-human primates is important to clarify the evolution of primate-specific hematopoiesis and immune regulation. however, the engraftment and development of the primate hematopoietic system are well-documented only in humans and are not clear in non-human primates. callithrix jacchus (common marmoset, cm) is a new world monkey with a high rate of pregnancy and small size that lives in closed colonies. as stem cell factor (scf) is an essential molecule for hemato ... | 2015 | 25977306 |
| preclinical study of novel gene silencer pyrrole-imidazole polyamide targeting human tgf-β1 promoter for hypertrophic scars in a common marmoset primate model. | we report a preclinical study of a pyrrole-imidazole (pi) polyamide that targets the human transforming growth factor (htgf)-β1 gene as a novel transcriptional gene silencer in a common marmoset primate model. we designed and then synthesized pi polyamides to target the htgf-β1 promoter. we examined effects of seven pi polyamides (gb1101-1107) on the expression of htgf-β1 mrna stimulated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (pma) in human vascular smooth muscle cells. gb1101, gb1105 and gb1106 s ... | 2015 | 25938472 |
| characterization of long-term motor deficits in the 6-ohda model of parkinson's disease in the common marmoset. | research aimed at developing new therapies for parkinson's disease (pd) critically depend on valid animal models of the disease that allows for repeated testing of motor disabilities over extended time periods. we here present an extensive characterization of a wide range of motor symptoms in the 6-ohda marmoset model of pd when tested over several months. the severity of motor deficits was quantified in two ways: (i) through manual scoring protocols appropriately adapted to include species spec ... | 2015 | 25934488 |
| vocal turn-taking in a non-human primate is learned during ontogeny. | conversational turn-taking is an integral part of language development, as it reflects a confluence of social factors that mitigate communication. humans coordinate the timing of speech based on the behaviour of another speaker, a behaviour that is learned during infancy. while adults in several primate species engage in vocal turn-taking, the degree to which similar learning processes underlie its development in these non-human species or are unique to language is not clear. we recorded the nat ... | 2015 | 25904663 |
| the role of inhibition in a computational model of an auditory cortical neuron during the encoding of temporal information. | in auditory cortex, temporal information within a sound is represented by two complementary neural codes: a temporal representation based on stimulus-locked firing and a rate representation, where discharge rate co-varies with the timing between acoustic events but lacks a stimulus-synchronized response. using a computational neuronal model, we find that stimulus-locked responses are generated when sound-evoked excitation is combined with strong, delayed inhibition. in contrast to this, a non-sy ... | 2015 | 25879843 |
| motion dependence of smooth pursuit eye movements in the marmoset. | smooth pursuit eye movements stabilize slow-moving objects on the retina by matching eye velocity with target velocity. two critical components are required to generate smooth pursuit: first, because it is a voluntary eye movement, the subject must select a target to pursue to engage the tracking system; and second, generating smooth pursuit requires a moving stimulus. we examined whether this behavior also exists in the common marmoset, a new world primate that is increasingly attracting attent ... | 2015 | 25867740 |
| measurement of 25-hydroxyvitamin d(2&3) and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin d(2&3) by tandem mass spectrometry: a primate multispecies comparison. | vitamin d metabolites are widely studied for their roles in bone health, immune functions, and other potential physiologic roles in humans. however, the optimal blood levels of vitamin d metabolites are still unclear. various methods for measuring vitamin d metabolites have been used and recently liquid chromatography tandem mass spectroscopy (lc-ms/ms) has been adopted as the gold standard for vitamin d metabolite measurement. here, we report the use of lc-ms/ms to measure 25-hydroxyvitamin d ( ... | 2015 | 25845705 |
| body weight-associated differences in ovarian morphology in captive common marmoset (callithrix jacchus). | in captivity, callithrix jacchus (common marmoset) is on average heavier than their wild-living counterparts, and has a tendency to produce triplet litters rather than the normal twins. to provide initial basic information about possible weight-related differences among the ovaries, a morphometric study of follicular phase ovaries from 48 young adult marmosets has been carried out. nearly 90% of these ovaries were found to contain some degree of luteal tissue composed of large and/or small cells ... | 2015 | 25842250 |