| symbiont-derived sphingolipids modulate mucosal homeostasis and b cells in teleost fish. | symbiotic bacteria and mucosal immunoglobulins have co-evolved for millions of years in vertebrate animals. symbiotic bacteria products are known to modulate different aspects of the host immune system. we recently reported that flectobacillus major is a predominant species that lives in the gill and skin mucosal surfaces of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). f. major is known to produce sphingolipids of a unique molecular structure. here we propose a role for f. major and its sphingolipids in ... | 2016 | 27966609 |
| use of in vivo induced antigen technology to identify genes from aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida that are specifically expressed during infection of the rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss. | aeromonas salmonicida is a major fish pathogen associated with mass mortalities in salmonid fish. in the present study, we applied in vivo induced antigen technology (iviat), a technique that relies on antibodies adsorbed against in vitro cultures of the pathogen, to a clinical isolate of a. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida. | 2014 | 25495705 |
| topographical mapping of the rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) microbiome reveals a diverse bacterial community with antifungal properties in the skin. | the mucosal surfaces of wild and farmed aquatic vertebrates face the threat of many aquatic pathogens, including fungi. these surfaces are colonized by diverse symbiotic bacterial communities that may contribute to fight infection. whereas the gut microbiome of teleosts has been extensively studied using pyrosequencing, this tool has rarely been employed to study the compositions of the bacterial communities present on other teleost mucosal surfaces. here we provide a topographical map of the mu ... | 2015 | 26209676 |
| piscirickettsia salmonis imbalances the innate immune response to succeed in a productive infection in a salmonid cell line model. | piscirickettsia salmonis is a facultative intracellular bacterium that causes the disease called "salmon rickettsial syndrome". attempts to control this disease have been unsuccessful, because existing vaccines have not achieved the expected effectiveness and the antibiotics used fail to completely eradicate the pathogen. this is in part the product of lack of scientific information that still lacks on the mechanisms used by this bacterium to overcome infected-cell responses and survive to induc ... | 2016 | 27723816 |
| lipopolysaccharide o-antigen prevents phagocytosis of vibrio anguillarum by rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) skin epithelial cells. | colonization of host tissues is a first step taken by many pathogens during the initial stages of infection. despite the impact of bacterial disease on wild and farmed fish, only a few direct studies have characterized bacterial factors required for colonization of fish tissues. in this study, using live-cell and confocal microscopy, rainbow trout skin epithelial cells, the main structural component of the skin epidermis, were demonstrated to phagocytize bacteria. mutant analyses showed that the ... | 2012 | 22662189 |
| rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) muscle satellite cells are targets of salmonid alphavirus infection. | sleeping disease in rainbow trout is characterized by an abnormal swimming behaviour of the fish which stay on their side at the bottom of the tanks. this sign is due to extensive necrosis and atrophy of red skeletal muscle induced by the sleeping disease virus (sdv), also called salmonid alphavirus 2. infections of humans with arthritogenic alphaviruses, such as chikungunya virus (chikv), are global causes of debilitating musculoskeletal diseases. the mechanisms by which the virus causes these ... | 2016 | 26743565 |
| salmonid alphavirus replication in mosquito cells: towards a novel vaccine production system. | salmonid alphavirus (sav) causes pancreas disease and sleeping disease in atlantic salmon (salmo salar) and rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and confers a major burden to the aquaculture industry. a commercial inactivated whole virus vaccine propagated in a salmon cell line at low temperature provides effective protection against sav infections. alphaviruses (family togaviridae) are generally transmitted between vertebrate hosts via blood-sucking arthropod vectors, typically mosquitoes. sav i ... | 2014 | 24418177 |
| increasing virulence, but not infectivity, associated with serially emergent virus strains of a fish rhabdovirus. | surveillance and genetic typing of field isolates of a fish rhabdovirus, infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv), has identified four dominant viral genotypes that were involved in serial viral emergence and displacement events in steelhead trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) in western north america. to investigate drivers of these landscape-scale events, ihnv isolates designated 007, 111, 110, and 139, representing the four relevant genotypes, were compared for virulence and infectivity in cont ... | 2016 | 27774291 |
| flavobacterium plurextorum sp. nov. isolated from farmed rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | five strains (1126-1h-08(t), 51b-09, 986-08, 1084b-08 and 424-08) were isolated from diseased rainbow trout. cells were gram-negative rods, 0.7 µm wide and 3 µm long, non-endospore-forming, catalase and oxidase positive. colonies were circular, yellow-pigmented, smooth and entire on tge agar after 72 hours incubation at 25°c. they grew in a temperature range between 15°c to 30°c, but they did not grow at 37°cor 42°c. based on 16s rrna gene sequence analysis, the isolates belonged to the genus fl ... | 2013 | 23825681 |
| puffy skin disease is an emerging transmissible condition in rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss walbaum. | the transmission of puffy skin disease (psd) to rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss walbaum was tested in the laboratory by conducting co-habitation challenges with puffy skin (ps)-affected fish (trojans) collected from the field. two separate challenges were conducted using trojans sourced from two different sites and diploid (first trial) or triploid (second trial) naïve fish. psd-specific clinical signs were observed in both groups of naïve fish, with 66% of the fish sampled during the challeng ... | 2016 | 27391648 |
| conservation of toll-like receptor signaling pathways in teleost fish. | in mammals, toll-like receptors (tlr) recognize ligands, including pathogen-associated molecular patterns (pamps), and respond with ligand-specific induction of genes. in this study, we establish evolutionary conservation in teleost fish of key components of the tlr-signaling pathway that act as switches for differential gene induction, including myd88, tirap, trif, traf6, irf3, and irf7. we further explore this conservation with a molecular phylogenetic analysis of myd88. to the extent that cur ... | 0 | 17330145 |
| two virus-induced micrornas known only from teleost fishes are orthologues of micrornas involved in cell cycle control in humans. | micrornas (mirnas) are ~22 base pair-long non-coding rnas which regulate gene expression in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells by binding to specific target regions in mrnas to mediate transcriptional blocking or mrna cleavage. through their fundamental roles in cellular pathways, gene regulation mediated by mirnas has been shown to be involved in almost all biological phenomena, including development, metabolism, cell cycle, tumor formation, and host-pathogen interactions. to address the latter ... | 2015 | 26207374 |
| differential gene expression in male and female rainbow trout embryos prior to the onset of gross morphological differentiation of the gonads. | there are large differences between the sexes at the genetic level; these differences include heterogametic sex chromosomes and/or differences in expression of genes between the sexes. in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) qrt-pcr studies have found significant differences in expression of several candidate sex determining genes. however, these genes represent a very small fraction of the genome and research in other species suggests there are large portions of the transcriptome that are differ ... | 2011 | 21824436 |
| dietary myrtle (myrtus communis l.) improved non-specific immune parameters and bactericidal activity of skin mucus in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) fingerlings. | the present study examined the effects of dietary myrtle (myrtus communis l.) on non-specific immune parameters and bactericidal activity of skin mucus in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) fingerlings. three hundred and sixty fingerlings (6.50 ± 0.55 g (were distributed in twelve cages (65 × 65 × 65 cm) with a metal framework. the study included four treatments repeated in triplicates. the treatments were feeding trouts with experimental diets containing different levels (0, 0.5, 1 and 1.5%) o ... | 2017 | 28330807 |
| dietary β-glucans differentially modulate immune and stress-related gene expression in lymphoid organs from healthy and aeromonas hydrophila-infected rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | although β-glucans stimulating effects have already been demonstrated on the immune system of numerous animal species, available data remain relatively variable and more research should be done regarding the complexity of underlying mechanisms. in this context, the present study aimed to evaluate the stress and immune-related effects of dietary β-glucans (i.e. macrogard(®)) by considering a number of influencing factors such as the dose (0, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.5% in food), feeding duration (15 versus ... | 2017 | 28232282 |
| effect of ammonia-n and pathogen challenge on complement component 8α and 8β expression in the darkbarbel catfish pelteobagrus vachellii. | the complement components c8α and c8β mediate the formation of the membrane attack complex (mac) to resist pathogenic bacteria and play important roles in innate immunity. full-length complement c8α (pv-c8α) and c8β (pv-c8β) cdna were identified in the darkbarbel catfish pelteobagrus vachellii, and their mrna expression levels were analyzed after ammonia-n and pathogen treatment. the pv-c8α gene contained 1983 bp, including a 1794-bp open reading frame (orf) encoding 598 amino acids. the pv-c8β ... | 2017 | 28027983 |
| innate immune and growth promoting responses to caper (capparis spinosa) extract in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | cytokine responses, non-specific immune activity and growth promotion effect of dietary caper (capparis spinosa) supplementation were examined in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). rainbow trout (12.04 ± 0.71 g) were fed diets containing three doses of caper methanolic extract [0 (control), 0.1 and 0.5 g kg(-1) of feed] for 30 days. at the end of the feeding trial, expression levels of cytokine genes that included il-1β, il-8, tgf-β, il-12p40, tnf-α1 and il-10 in head kidney was analyzed using ... | 2016 | 27546553 |
| protective effects of the prebiotic on the immunological indicators of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) infected with aeromonas hydrophila. | the aim of this study was to investigate the protective effects of dietary administration of commercial prebiotic, immunogen, on immunological indicators, enzymatic responses and stress tolerance in juvenile (81.65 ± 1.49) rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) following aeromonas hydrophila infection. the first group of fish was fed with the diet containing 2 g kg(-1) immunogen whilst the control group received the diet free of immunogen. there were three replicates per group. after 6 weeks feedin ... | 2016 | 27184111 |
| increased stocking density causes changes in expression of selected stress- and immune-related genes, humoral innate immune parameters and stress responses of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | the present study investigated the effects of various stocking densities on the health status (stress and immune responses) of rainbow trout (onchorhynchus mykiss). juvenile rainbow trout were acclimated, placed in circular tanks under stocking densities of 10, 40 and 80 kg m(-3) and reared for 30 days. the relative expression of genes involved in stress and immunity such as hsp70, lyzii, tnf-1α, il-1β, il-8 and ifn-γ1 in the head kidney was determined. serum cortisol, acth, total antioxidant ca ... | 2016 | 26549176 |
| pro-inflammatory caspase-1 activation during the immune response in cells from rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum 1792) challenged with pathogen-associated molecular patterns. | in response to pathogens, the higher vertebrate innate immune system activates pro-inflammatory caspase-1 which is responsible for the processing and secretion of several important cytokines involved in the host's defence against infection. to date, caspase-1 has been described in few teleost fish, and its activity has been demonstrated through substrate cleavage and inhibition by pharmacological agents. in this study, the detection of the active form of caspase-1 during the immune response in s ... | 2015 | 25477241 |
| dietary fermentable fiber upregulated immune related genes expression, increased innate immune response and resistance of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) against aeromonas hydrophila. | this trial was carried out to investigate the effects of dietary administration of vitacel(®), a commercial fermentable fiber, on immune related genes (lysozyme, tnfα and hsp70) expression, innate immune response and resistance of rainbow trout against aeromonas hydrophila. 120 healthy rainbow trout (81.65 ± 1.49 g) were distributed in six fiberglass tanks assigned to two treatments. the treatments were feeding rainbow trout with diets supplemented with 0 (control) or 10 g kg(-1) vitacel(®) for ... | 2014 | 25218276 |
| the effects of dietary immunogen on innate immune response, immune related genes expression and disease resistance of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | this study investigates the effects of prebiotic immunogen on lysozyme, tnfα and hsp70 gene expression in head kidney, humoral innate immune parameters and resistant to aeromonas hydrophila of rainbow trout. 120 healthy rainbow trout (81.65 ± 1.49 g) were distributed in six fiberglass tanks assigned to two groups fed control or diet supplemented with 2 g kg(-1) immunogen for 45 days. the results revealed that administration of immunogen significantly (p < 0.05) up regulated lysozyme and tnfα gen ... | 2014 | 24560683 |
| effects of dietary cholesterol on antioxidant capacity, non-specific immune response, and resistance to aeromonas hydrophila in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) fed soybean meal-based diets. | this study evaluated the effects of dietary cholesterol on antioxidant capacity, non-specific immune response and resistance to aeromonas hydrophila in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) fed soybean meal-based diets. fish were fed diets supplemented with graded cholesterol levels (0 [control], 0.3, 0.6, 0.9, 1.2, and 1.5%) for nine weeks. the fish were then challenged by a. hydrophila and their survival rate recorded for the next week. dietary cholesterol supplementation generally increased the ... | 2013 | 23207478 |
| recovery of aeromonas hydrophila associated with bacteraemia in captive snakes. | captive snakes, that is, a jamaican boa (epicrates subflavus) a yellow anaconda (eunectes notaeus) and a corn snake (pantherophis guttatus guttatus), died with signs of bacteraemia including the presence of petechial haemorrhages in the mouth and gums and haemorrhages in the lung, spleen and intestines. the abdomen and anus were swollen with bloody-tinged mucus in the colon. aeromonas hydrophila was recovered in dense virtually pure culture growth from the internal organs. characterization of th ... | 2012 | 22680932 |
| effectiveness of bivalent vaccines against aeromonas hydrophila and lactococcus garvieae infections in rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum). | lactococcus garvieae and aeromonas hydrophila are bacterial pathogens affecting salmonids and other fish species and cause of heavy losses in aquaculture. diseases caused by these bacteria can be controlled satisfactory by immunization using monovalent vaccines. in this study, the protective efficacy of two bivalent vaccines against l. garvieae and a. hydrophila was evaluated in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). bivalent formulations, containing formalin-inactivated bacteria, were prepared as ... | 2012 | 22326941 |
| antimicrobial effect of the biotronic® top3 supplement and efficacy in protecting rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) from infection by aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida. | demand for more environmentally friendly practices have led to the adoption of several feed supplements by the fish farming industry. in the present study, we investigated a commercially available formula that includes a mixture of three compounds: organic acids, a phytochemical and biomin® permeabilizing complex. this mixture demonstrated antimicrobial properties in vitro and was able to inhibit growth of multiple species of aquatic bacterial pathogens, including aeromonas salmonicida. bacteria ... | 2017 | 28343146 |
| effect of dietary β-glucan on growth, survival and regulation of immune processes in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) infected by aeromonas salmonicida. | the present study evaluated the effects of dietary β-glucan (0, 0.05%, 0.1%, and 0.2%) on growth performance after 42 days of feeding. thereafter, rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) were infected with aeromonas salmonicida, and survival rates as well as the regulating processes of stress- and immune-related factors were analyzed. in general, higher dietary β-glucan levels obviously improved specific growth rate (sgr), weight gain (wg) and feed efficiency (fe) (p ≤ 0.05). survival rates in β-glu ... | 2017 | 28286256 |
| subunit vaccine candidates against aeromonas salmonicida in rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss. | aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida is the etiological agent of furunculosis and a major fish health problem in salmonid aquaculture worldwide. injection vaccination with commercial mineral oil-adjuvanted bacterin vaccines has been partly successful in preventing the disease but in danish rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss, walbaum) aquaculture furunculosis outbreaks still occur. in this study we tested the efficacy of experimental subunit vaccines against a. salmonicida infection in rainbo ... | 2017 | 28182704 |
| characterization and mechanism of anti-aeromonas salmonicida activity of a marine probiotic strain, bacillus velezensis v4. | the bacterium aeromonas salmonicida is the causative agent of furunculosis, a systemic, ubiquitous disease of fish in the salmon family, characterized by high mortality and morbidity. probiotics are a promising approach for prevention of furunculosis in aquaculture. a bacterial strain with anti-a. salmonicida properties, bacillus velezensis v4, was isolated and the mechanisms underlying these properties were investigated. anti-a. salmonicida compounds present in cell-free supernatant of v4 were ... | 2017 | 28074223 |
| aeromonas salmonicida type iii secretion system-effectors-mediated immune suppression in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida, the etiologic agent of furunculosis, is a major pathogen in aquaculture. together with other pathogens, it is characterized by the presence of a type 3 secretion system (t3ss). the t3ss is the main virulence mechanism of a. salmonicida. it is used by the bacterium to secrete and translocate several toxins and effector proteins into the host cell. some of these factors have a detrimental impact on the integrity of the cell cytoskeleton, likely contributin ... | 2017 | 27923746 |
| multiple gene and transcript variants encoding trout c-polysaccharide binding proteins are differentially but strongly induced after infection with aeromonas salmonicida. | two 'trout c-polysaccharide-binding proteins,' tcbp1 and -2, with relevance to early inflammatory events have been discovered in the last century. the present study characterises the respective cdna sequences from rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), including multiple tcbp1 transcript variants. these variants are generated either by the use of alternative splice sites or the exclusion of exons. the longest mrna isoform, tcbp1-1, encodes a 245-aa protein with a large signal peptide and a complem ... | 2017 | 27836722 |
| st2 from rainbow trout quenches tlr signalling, localises at the nuclear membrane and allows the nuclear translocation of myd88. | the mammalian interleukin 1 receptor-like 1 receptor (il1rl1), commonly known as st2, is thought to downregulate tlr signalling by sequestering the signalling adapter myd88 (myeloid differentiation primary response protein 88). st2 sequences are known in several fish species, but none of them have functionally been examined. we characterised st2 from rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and the structure of its encoding gene. the primary sequence of st2 is only weakly conserved from fish to human ... | 2017 | 27776995 |
| positive correlation between aeromonas salmonicida vaccine antigen concentration and protection in vaccinated rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss evaluated by a tail fin infection model. | rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum), are able to raise a protective immune response against aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida (as) following injection vaccination with commercial vaccines containing formalin-killed bacteria, but the protection is often suboptimal under danish mariculture conditions. we elucidated whether protection can be improved by increasing the concentration of antigen (formalin-killed bacteria) in the vaccine. rainbow trout juveniles were vaccinated by intra ... | 2017 | 27593619 |
| expression and antimicrobial activity of c-type lysozyme in taimen (hucho taimen, pallas). | lysozymes are important defense proteins of the innate immune system and possess high antibacterial activities. in the present study, a full-length c-type lysozyme cdna (htlysc) was cloned and characterized from taimen (hucho taimen, pallas). the cdna contains an open reading frame (orf) of 432 bp encoding 143 amino acid (aa), with 97% identity to lysc of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). the amino acid sequence possessed a lyz1 domain (16-140 aa) which contained two conserved residues (glu 5 ... | 2016 | 27267655 |
| cross talk between growth and immunity: coupling of the igf axis to conserved cytokine pathways in rainbow trout. | although disease and infection is associated with attenuated growth, the molecular pathways involved are poorly characterized. we postulated that the igf axis, a central governor of vertebrate growth, is repressed during infection to promote resource reallocation towards immunity. this hypothesis was tested in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) challenged by aeromonas salmonicida (as), a gram-negative bacterial pathogen, or viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (vhsv) at hatch, first feeding, and ... | 2016 | 27035654 |
| antigens of aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida specifically induced in vivo in oncorhynchus mykiss. | | 2016 | 26661507 |
| high concentration of red clay as an alternative for antibiotics in aquaculture. | the use of antibiotics in aquaculture raises environmental and food safety concerns because chronic exposure of an aquatic ecosystem to antibiotics can result in the spread of antibiotic resistance, bioaccumulation of antibiotics in the organisms, and transfer of antibiotics to humans. in an attempt to overcome these problems, high-concentration red clay was applied as an alternative antibiotic against the following common fish pathogens: aeromonas salmonicida, vibrio alginolyticus, and streptoc ... | 2016 | 26528535 |
| aeromonas salmonicida infection only moderately regulates expression of factors contributing to toll-like receptor signaling but massively activates the cellular and humoral branches of innate immunity in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | toll-like receptors (tlrs) are known to detect a defined spectrum of microbial structures. however, the knowledge about the specificity of teleost tlr factors for distinct pathogens is limited so far. we measured baseline expression profiles of 18 tlr genes and associated signaling factors in four immune-relevant tissues of rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss. intraperitoneal injection of a lethal dose of aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida induced highly increased levels of cytokine mrnas du ... | 2015 | 26266270 |
| histopathological findings in farmed rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) naturally infected with 3 different aeromonas species. | this study describes the macroscopic and microscopic lesions in farmed rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) naturally infected with genetically identified aeromonas salmonicida, a. hydrophila, and a. veronii species. the genus aeromonas includes bacteria that naturally inhabit both waterways and organisms. at least 27 aeromonas species have been identified to date, some of which can cause significant economic losses in aquaculture. as up to 68.8% of aeromonas isolates may be misidentified in rout ... | 2015 | 26130859 |
| effect of a phytogenic feed additive on the susceptibility of onchorhynchus mykiss to aeromonas salmonicida. | in recent years, feed additives have increasingly been adopted by the aquaculture industry. these supplements not only offer an alternative to antibiotics but have also been linked to enhanced growth performance. however, the literature is still limited and provides contradictory information on their effectiveness. this is mainly due to the wide variety of available products and their complex mechanisms of action. phytogenic feed additives have been shown to have antimicrobial effects and can im ... | 2015 | 26119300 |
| steelhead trout oncorhynchus mykiss metabolic rate is affected by dietary aloe vera inclusion but not by mounting an immune response against formalin-killed aeromonas salmonicida. | the oxygen consumption (mo2) of two groups of 10° c acclimated steelhead trout oncorhynchus mykiss was measured for 72 h after they were given a 100 µl kg(-1) intraperitoneal injection of formalin-killed aeromonas salmonicida (asal) or phosphate-buffered saline (pbs). in addition, plasma cortisol levels were measured in fish from both groups prior to, and 1 and 3 h after, they were given a 30 s net stress. the first group was fed an unaltered commercial diet for 4 weeks, whereas the second group ... | 2015 | 26010230 |
| transcriptomic and proteomic analyses of splenic immune mechanisms of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) infected by aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida. | furunculosis caused by aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida is an epidemic disease among salmonids, including rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). however, the immune mechanisms that are elicited in rainbow trout against the invasion of a. salmonicida are not yet fully understood. in this study, we examined the spleen to investigate the immune response of rainbow trout at 3days post-infection by a. salmonicida at the transcriptome and proteome levels by using illumina-seq and itraq methods, ... | 2015 | 25849251 |
| comparative evaluation of infection methods and environmental factors on challenge success: aeromonas salmonicida infection in vaccinated rainbow trout. | when testing vaccine-induced protection an effective and reliable challenge method is a basic requirement and we here present a comparative study on different challenge methods used for infection of rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss with aeromonas salmonicida, a bacterial pathogen eliciting furunculosis. fish were vaccinated with three different adjuvanted trivalent vaccines containing formalin killed a. salmonicida, vibrio anguillarum o1 and o2a. these were 1) the commercial vaccine alpha ject ... | 2015 | 25783001 |
| the adjuvant effect of low frequency ultrasound when applied with an inactivated aeromonas salmonicida vaccine to rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | vaccine adjuvants are classified according to their properties of either inducing the persistence of antigens within the animal after immunisation and/or activation of the animal's immune response. the adjuvant effect of low intensity low frequency sonophoresis (lfs) was tested in rainbow trout using an aeromonas salmonicida bacterin vaccine administered by immersion vaccination using lfs at 37 khz. the adjuvant effect obtained with lfs was compared with that of normal immersion or intraperitone ... | 2015 | 25613719 |
| cloning and characterization of the proximal promoter region of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) interleukin-6 gene. | interleukin-6 (il6) is a pleiotropic cytokine with important immunoregulatory functions. its expression is inducible in immune cells and tissues of several fish species. we also found that il6 mrna abundance was significantly increased in spleen, liver, and gill of rainbow trout after experimental infection with aeromonas salmonicida. genomic dna sequences of il6 orthologs from three salmonid species revealed a conserved exon/intron structure and a high overall nucleotide identity of >88%. to un ... | 2015 | 25549935 |
| adverse and long-term protective effects following oil-adjuvanted vaccination against aeromonas salmonicida in rainbow trout. | prophylactic measures against aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida, the causative agent of furunculosis, have been an active field of research for decades, with studies mainly focused on atlantic salmon (salmo salar). in the present study we have examined the protective and adverse effects of mineral oil-adjuvanted injection vaccines on rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). a commercial vaccine and an experimental auto vaccine, as well as their respective adjuvant formulations alone were used ... | 2015 | 25281580 |
| the proximal promoter of a novel interleukin-8-encoding gene in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) is strongly induced by cebpa, but not nf-κb p65. | interleukin-8 (il8) is an immediate-early chemokine that has been well characterized in several fish species. ten il8 gene variants have already been described in rainbow trout, but none of their promoters has structurally been defined or functionally characterized in teleost fish. to uncover key factors regulating il8 expression, we intended to functionally characterize an il8 promoter from rainbow trout. incidentally, we isolated a novel il8 gene variant (il8-g). it is structurally highly simi ... | 2014 | 24721762 |
| infection of sea lamprey with an unusual strain of aeromonas salmonicida. | the invasion of the laurentian great lakes by the fish-parasitic sea lamprey has led to catastrophic consequences, including the potential introduction of fish pathogens. aeromonas salmonicida is a bacterial fish pathogen that causes devastating losses worldwide. currently, there are five accepted subspecies of aeromonas salmonicida: a. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida, masoucida, smithia, achromogenes, and pectinolytica. we discuss the discovery of an isolate of a. salmonicida that is pathogenic ... | 2014 | 24484501 |
| the effects of benzo[a]pyrene on leucocyte distribution and antibody response in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) are a group of compounds with immunotoxic and carcinogenic potential that may pose a threat to fish populations. this study aims to utilize a newly developed fish immunotoxicology model to determine the immune tissue/cell population level effects of pahs on rainbow trout, using benzo[a]pyrene (bap) as a representative immunotoxic pah. intraperitoneal injection of 25 or 100mg/kg bap resulted in sustained exposure as indicated by biliary fluorescence at bap ... | 2014 | 24398112 |
| enhanced aeromonas salmonicida bacterin uptake and side effects caused by low frequency sonophoresis in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | low frequency sonophoresis (lfs) has been recognized as one of the most advanced technologies in transdermal delivery of substances, due to the modification of the stratum corneum lipid bilayer, in focal skin applications in mammals. based on these findings, lfs has been suggested as a potential technology to be used for enhancement in immersion fish vaccination. in contrast to mammals where lfs is applied to discrete regions of the skin, in fish the whole individual needs to be exposed for prac ... | 2014 | 24378683 |
| characterization of the interleukin 1 receptor-associated kinase 4 (irak4)-encoding gene in salmonid fish: the functional copy is rearranged in oncorhynchus mykiss and that factor can impair tlr signaling in mammalian cells. | the interleukin 1 receptor-associated kinase 4 (irak4) is an essential factor for tlr-mediated activation of the host's immune functions subsequent to pathogen contact. we have characterized the respective cdna and gene sequences from three salmonid species, salmon, rainbow trout and maraena whitefish. the gene from salmon is structured into eleven exons, as is the mammalian homologue, while exons have been fused in the genes from the two other salmonid species. rainbow trout expresses also a ps ... | 2014 | 24239597 |
| the immunological effects of oil sands surface waters and naphthenic acids on rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | there is concern surrounding the immunotoxic potential of naphthenic acids (nas), a major organic constituent in waters influenced by oil sands contamination. to assess the immunological response to nas, rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) waterborne exposures were conducted with oil sands-influenced waters, nas extracted and purified from oil sands tailings waters, and benzo[a]pyrene (bap) as a positive control. after a 7d exposure, blood, spleen, head kidney, and gill samples were removed from ... | 2013 | 24036435 |
| novel insights into the peritoneal inflammation of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | the peritoneal cavity has been extensively used as a laboratory model of inflammation in many species, including the teleost fish. although, the peritoneal cavity of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) was previously shown to contain a resident population of leukocytes, closer information about their exact composition and their functional response to pathogens is still missing. in the presented work, flow cytometric analysis using monoclonal antibodies was performed to characterize this cell pop ... | 2013 | 23911871 |
| development of a sandwich elisa for quantifying hepcidin in rainbow trout. | one of the most widespread antimicrobial peptides (amps) in fish is the hepcidins, which have potent, broad-spectrum activity against viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites. moreover, they play the role of central regulation of iron metabolism and their expression is over-regulated by bacterial and viral infections, inflammation and vaccination. quantification of their expression is an important factor in understanding their function. we therefore generated two polyclonal antibodies using synth ... | 2013 | 23791861 |
| non-adjuvanted flagellin elicits a non-specific protective immune response in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss, walbaum) towards bacterial infections. | enteric redmouth disease, caused by yersinia ruckeri, may result in high mortalities in farmed salmonids. prophylaxis has been achieved with an immersion vaccine comprised of inactivated serovar 1 biotype 1 (motile) y. ruckeri cultures. however, there has been a growing number of enteric redmouth outbreaks in vaccinated livestock associated with serovar 1 biotype 2 (non-motile) y. ruckeri strains which do not produce flagellin. it was the aim of this study to evaluate the protective role of flag ... | 2013 | 23707165 |
| biological control of aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida infection in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) using aeromonas phage pas-1. | the potential control efficacy of aeromonas phage pas-1 was evaluated against aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida infection in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) model in this study. the phage was co-cultured with the virulent a. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida strain as05 that possesses the type iii secretion system (ttss) ascv gene, and efficient bacteriolytic activity was observed against the bacteria. the administration of pas-1 in rainbow trout demonstrated that the phage was cleared f ... | 2015 | 23594036 |
| resistance to bacterial infectious diseases in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | individually tagged rainbow trout representing 15 full-sibling families were sequentially challenged twice with aeromonas salmonicida causing furunculosis: first as cohabitation and then as injected intraperitoneally. the bleeding procedure prior to challenges caused the outbreak of cold water disease by flavobacterium psychrophilum. before and after the outbreak and challenges, 11 immunological parameters were measured from blood samples. the immunological responses predicted the fate of the fi ... | 2013 | 23582478 |
| immunotoxic effects of oil sands-derived naphthenic acids to rainbow trout. | naphthenic acids are the major organic constituents in waters impacted by oil sands. to investigate their immunotoxicity, rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) were injected with naphthenic acids extracted from aged oil sands tailings water. in two experiments, rainbow trout were injected intraperitoneally with 0, 10, or 100 mg/kg of naphthenic acids, and sampled after 5 or 21 d. half of the fish from the 21 d exposure were co-exposed to inactivated aeromonas salmonicida (a.s.) to induce an immune ... | 2013 | 23159729 |
| iron-sulfur cluster scaffold (iscu) gene is duplicated in salmonid fish and tissue and temperature dependent expressed in rainbow trout. | the iron-sulfur cluster protein iscu is a scaffold protein tasked with the building and mediation of iron-sulfur [fe-s]-clusters. these are crucial for [fe-s]-enzymes, which are involved in essential biological cell processes like metabolism or ion transport. analysis of iscu in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and maraena whitefish (coregonus maraena) revealed the existence of two gene variants in each of the two salmonids. this study presents the characterization of the duplicated iscu cdna ... | 2013 | 23137639 |
| potential role of specific antibodies as important vaccine induced protective mechanism against aeromonas salmonicida in rainbow trout. | furunculosis caused by infection with aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida has been a known threat to aquaculture for more than a century. efficient prophylactic approaches against this disease are essential for continued growth of salmonid aquaculture. since the introduction of successful oil-adjuvanted vaccines in the early 1990's, a number of studies have been published on the protective as well as adverse effects of these vaccines. most studies focus on vaccination of salmon (salmo salar ... | 2012 | 23056427 |
| duplicated nell2 genes show different expression patterns in two rainbow trout strains after temperature and pathogen challenge. | mammalian neural epidermal growth factor-like-like 1 and 2 genes (nell1 and nell2) encode multifunctional glycoproteins involved in cell growth regulation and differentiation. we isolated two closely related nell2 transcript sequences from rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). these conceptually translated nell2a and -b sequences share 83% identical residues and the nell-typical structure. phylogenetic analyses suggest that bony fish possess two nell genes, though these are either present as nell ... | 2012 | 22580270 |
| isolation and characterization of a lytic myoviridae bacteriophage pas-1 with broad infectivity in aeromonas salmonicida. | to search for candidate control agents against aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida infections in aquaculture, one bacteriophage (phage), designated as pas-1, was isolated from the sediment samples of the rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) culture farm in korea. the pas-1 was morphologically classified as myoviridae and possessed approximately 48 kb of double-strand genomic dna. the phage showed broad host ranges to other subspecies of a. salmonicida as well as a. salmonicida subsp. salmoni ... | 2012 | 22314935 |
| characterization of probiotic properties of lactic acid bacteria isolated from an estuarine environment for application in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss, walbaum) farming. | bacterial attachment to fish surfaces and the capacity to compete with pathogens for adhesion sites are essential characteristics in order to select a candidate probiotic for aquaculture. twelve lactic acid bacteria (lab) isolated from fish and sediments from bahía blanca estuary, argentina, were examined for in vitro adhesion to rainbow trout mucus, cell surface properties and competitive exclusion against two salmonid pathogens, yersinia ruckeri and aeromonas salmonicida. in order to assess th ... | 2012 | 22287063 |
| expression of immune relevant genes in rainbow trout following exposure to live anisakis simplex larvae. | basic immune response mechanisms in vertebrates against helminths are still poorly understood. fish-nematode models may prove valuable for elucidation of this question. in this study we orally challenged rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) with larvae of anisakis simplex (nematoda: anisakidae) and subsequently investigated the expression of 18 immune relevant genes in spleen and liver 1, 4 and 8days post infection (d.p.i.). gene expression data were analysed with regard to the infection status o ... | 2013 | 24051344 |
| effects of excretory/secretory products from anisakis simplex (nematoda) on immune gene expression in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | excretory/secretory (es) products are molecules produced by parasitic nematodes, including larval anisakis simplex, a parasite occurring in numerous marine fish hosts. the effects of these substances on host physiology have not been fully described. the present work elucidates the influence of es substances on the fish immune system by measuring immune gene expression in spleen and liver of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) injected intraperitoneally with es products isolated from a. simplex t ... | 2013 | 23769875 |
| comparative infectivity of three larval nematode species in three different salmonids. | host specificity of parasites may depend both on ecological and physiological factors. basic descriptions of the susceptibility/resistance of fish to specific nematodes are needed in order to reveal mechanisms in the host-parasite relation. rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), brown trout (salmo trutta), and atlantic salmon (salmo salar) were orally infected with larval stages of three different anisakid nematodes-hysterothylacium aduncum, contracaecum osculatum, and anisakis simplex-and parasit ... | 2013 | 23733234 |
| microhabitat preference of anisakis simplex in three salmonid species: immunological implications. | three salmonid fish species, oncorhynchus mykiss, salmo salar and salmo trutta, were infected experimentally with the parasitic nematode anisakis simplex (a. simplex) and the difference between in vivo behaviour of the nematode in the three fish species was investigated. infection success rate differed between species. s. salar (baltic salmon) showed the highest number of successfully established nematodes, whereas s. trutta (brown trout) and o. mykiss (rainbow trout) had a higher natural resist ... | 2012 | 22858638 |
| effect of dietary incorporation of a multi-strain probiotic on growth performance and health status in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | dietary supplementation with a multi-strain probiotic containing bacillus subtilis, enterococcus faecium, pediococcus acidilactici and lactobacillus reuteri has been examined for its effects on growth performance, intestinal microbiota, non-specific immune response and antioxidant status of rainbow trout. three groups of sub-adult trout were stocked into experimental tanks. a commercial diet was used as control, while the other two groups received diets supplemented with the multi-strain probiot ... | 2015 | 25411048 |
| bacillus cereus var. toyoi promotes growth, affects the histological organization and microbiota of the intestinal mucosa in rainbow trout fingerlings. | in this preliminary study, we evaluated the effects of a gram-positive soil bacteria bacillus cereus var. toyoi on the growth performance, digestive enzyme activities, intestinal morphology, and microbiota in rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss fingerlings. trout were maintained in a recirculation system and fed 2 diets: 1) a commercial trout feed deprived of the probiotic and 2) the same diet but with the spores of the probiotic bacteria dissolved in fish oil during the manufacturing of the feed ... | 2013 | 23508031 |
| chryseobacterium tructae sp. nov., isolated from rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | three pale-orange bacteria (strains 1083-08, 1084-08(t) and 1095b-08) were isolated from diseased rainbow trout. the isolates were gram-staining-negative, catalase- and oxidase-positive, rod-shaped cells. analyses of their 16s rrna gene sequences confirmed their adscription to the genus chryseobacterium. the three isolates shared 100% 16s rrna gene sequence similarity and 98.5% similarity with chryseobacterium indologenes ccug 14556(t), being the closest phylogenetically related species. genomic ... | 2012 | 22795568 |
| a dna vaccine encoding the viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus genotype ivb glycoprotein confers protection in muskellunge (esox masquinongy), rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), brown trout (salmo trutta), and lake trout (salvelinus namaycush). | the viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (vhsv) is one of the most serious fish pathogens. in 2003, a novel sublineage (genotype ivb) of this deadly virus emerged in the great lakes basin causing serious fish kills. we have previously demonstrated that a dna plasmid (pcdna), containing a cytomegalovirus (cmv) promoter and the viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (vhsv) genotype ivb glycoprotein (g) gene insert (designated pvhsivb-g) confers moderate protection in muskellunge (esox masquinongy), a hi ... | 2016 | 27912771 |
| prevalence, intensity, and abundance of infection and pathogenesis caused by diphyllobothriosis in vulnerable, native fish and introduced trout in lake panguipulli, chile. | diphyllobothriosis in fish from freshwater ecosystems in southern chile was first reported in 1949. infection by plerocercoids of diphyllobothrium latum and diphyllobothrium dendriticum occurs in introduced trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and native fish. we determined the prevalence, mean intensity, and mean abundance of seasonal infection and tissue damage produced by diphyllobothrium spp. in native fish (percichthys trucha, odontesthes mauleanum, and basilichthys australis) and introduced trout ( ... | 2012 | 23060495 |
| first molecular identification of diphyllobothrium dendriticum plerocercoids from feral rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) in chile. | between april and june 2009, 1,075 feral rainbow trout from 10 different lakes involved with aquaculture activities in los lagos region, chile, were inspected for diphyllobothrium species. all viscera and muscles of the fish were examined using stereomicroscopy; pyloric cecae and stomachs infected with plerocercoids were checked by histology and scanning electron microscopy. plerocercoids of diphyllobothrium dendriticum were confirmed by pcr and sequencing of coi and 18s rrna + its1 + 5.8s rrna ... | 2012 | 22715967 |
| host infection history modifies co-infection success of multiple parasite genotypes. | co-infections by multiple parasite genotypes are common and have important implications for host-parasite ecology and evolution through within-host interactions. typically, these infections take place sequentially, and therefore, the outcome of co-infection may be shaped by host immune responses triggered by previous infections. for example, in vertebrates, specific immune responses play a central role in protection against disease over the course of life, but co-infection research has mostly fo ... | 2016 | 26589834 |
| increased ventilation by fish leads to a higher risk of parasitism. | fish are common intermediate hosts of trematode cercariae and their gills can potentially serve as important sites of penetration by these larval stages. we experimentally tested the hypothesis that volume of ventilation flow across the gills contributes to acquisition of these parasites by fish. we manipulated the intensity of ventilation by using different oxygen concentrations. | 2014 | 24954703 |
| grouping facilitates avoidance of parasites by fish. | parasite distribution is often highly heterogeneous, and intensity of infection depends, among other things, on how well hosts can avoid areas with a high concentration of parasites. we studied the role of fish behaviour in avoiding microhabitats with a high infection risk using oncorhynchus mykiss and cercariae of diplostomum pseudospathaceum as a model. spatial distribution of parasites in experimental tanks was highly heterogeneous. we hypothesized that fish in groups are better at recognizin ... | 2013 | 24499549 |
| genotype-specific vs. cross-reactive host immunity against a macroparasite. | vertebrate hosts often defend themselves against several co-infecting parasite genotypes simultaneously. this has important implications for the ecological dynamics and the evolution of host defence systems and parasite strategies. for example, it can drive the specificity of the adaptive immune system towards high genotype-specificity or cross-reactivity against several parasite genotypes depending on the sequence and probability of re-infections. however, to date, there is very little evidence ... | 2013 | 24167622 |
| molecular characterization of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus strains isolated from the three types of salmonids farmed in chile. | the infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (ipnv) causes significant economic losses in chilean salmon farming. for effective sanitary management, the ipnv strains present in chile need to be fully studied, characterized, and constantly updated at the molecular level. | 2017 | 28143585 |
| the effect of dietary n-3/n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid ratio on salmonid alphavirus subtype 1 (sav-1) replication in tissues of experimentally infected rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | salmon pancreas disease (spd) is one of the most commercially significant viral diseases of farmed atlantic salmon (salmo salar) and rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) in europe. in this study, the potential for dietary mitigation of the disease using different polyunsaturated fatty acid (pufa) profiles was assessed in rainbow trout. we experimentally infected fish with salmonid alphavirus subtype 1 (sav-1), the causative agent of spd. these fish were fed two diets with different n-3/n-6 pufa r ... | 2015 | 25935121 |
| rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) secretory component binds to commensal bacteria and pathogens. | commensal bacteria co-exist on the mucosal surfaces of all vertebrates. the host's mucosal immune system must tolerate commensals while fighting pathogens. one of the mechanisms used by the mucosal immune system to maintain homeostasis is the secretion of immunoglobulins (igs) across epithelial barriers, which is achieved via the polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pigr). rainbow trout pigr is known to transport igt and igm across epithelia. however, other biological functions for trout pigr or t ... | 2017 | 28150752 |
| rainbow trout peptidoglycan recognition protein has an anti-inflammatory function in liver cells. | peptidoglycan recognition proteins (pgrps) are innate immune molecules that are structurally conserved through evolution in both invertebrate and vertebrate animals. pgrps exert diverse host-defense functions both through direct antibacterial activity and through indirect effects, including the induction of antimicrobial peptides and the modulation of inflammation and immune responses. in this study, we identified the gene encoding a long form of pgrp (ompgrp-l1) from the rainbow trout, oncorhyn ... | 2013 | 24056276 |
| identification of novel interleukin 1 beta family genes in japanese flounder paralichthys olivaceus. | gene in the interleukin 1 family plays a central role in the regulation of immune and inflammatory responses. here, we describe two novel il-1-like gene in japanese flounder paralichthys olivaceus (jfil1-l1 and jfil1-l2). jfil1β-l1 was homologous to nile tilapia il-1β-like gene and arctic char il-1, and jfil1β-l2 showed homology to hypothetical protein loc100699119 of nile tilapia and rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss il-1 receptor agonist (ra). the deduced amino acids sequences of these il-1β-l ... | 2013 | 23069785 |
| host-derived probiotics enterococcus casseliflavus improves resistance against streptococcus iniae infection in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) via immunomodulation. | the present study evaluated the benefits of dietary administration of host-derived candidate probiotics enterococcus casseliflavus in juvenile rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss. experimental diets were prepared by incorporating the microorganisms in the basal feed at 3 inclusion levels (i.e. 10(7) cfu g(-1) of feed [t1], 10(8) cfu g(-1) of feed [t2], 10(9) cfu g(-1) of feed [t3]). the probiotic feeds were administered for 8 weeks, with a group fed with the basal diet serving as control. the effe ... | 2016 | 26997202 |
| modulation of innate immune response, mucosal parameters and disease resistance in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) upon synbiotic feeding. | the present study investigates the effects of dietary supplements of galactooligosaccharides (gos), pediococcus acidilactici and p. acidilactici + gos on innate immune response, skin mucus as well as disease resistance of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) fingerlings (15.04 ± 0.52 g). after 8 weeks of feeding, several innate immune (lysozyme, alternative complement and respiratory burst activities) and skin mucus parameters (bactericidal activity against streptococcus faecium, streptococcus in ... | 2015 | 25827628 |
| evaluation of enterococcus spp. from rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss, walbaum), feed, and rearing environment against fish pathogens. | the use of lactic acid bacteria of aquatic origin as probiotics constitutes an alternative strategy to the antibiotic treatment for disease control in aquaculture. enterococci are currently used as probiotics in human and animal health. in this study, we evaluated the safety of 64 enterococci isolated from rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss, walbaum), feed and rearing environment, and their antimicrobial activity against 9 fish pathogens. the 64 enterococcal isolates were identified to the speci ... | 2015 | 25671551 |
| susceptibility of australian redfin perch perca fluviatilis experimentally challenged with epizootic hematopoietic necrosis virus (ehnv). | the ranavirus epizootic hematopoietic necrosis virus (ehnv) is endemic to australia and is listed by the office international des epizooties. clinical outbreaks have only been observed in wild populations of redfin perch perca fluviatilis (also known as eurasian perch) and farmed populations of rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss. the initial outbreaks of ehnv describe all age-classes of redfin perch as being susceptible and can lead to epidemic fish kills. subsequently, experimental challenge stu ... | 2016 | 27229663 |
| experimental infection of australian freshwater fish with epizootic haematopoietic necrosis virus (ehnv). | the ranavirus, epizootic hematopoietic necrosis virus (ehnv), is endemic to southern australia with natural outbreaks resulting in mass mortality events in wild redfin perch perca fluviatilis (also known as eurasian perch) and less severe disease in farmed rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss. to further investigate the host range for ehnv, 12 ecologically or economically important freshwater fish species from southeastern australia were exposed experimentally to the virus. a bath-challenge model a ... | 2013 | 23339340 |
| expansion and differentiation of igm(+) b cells in the rainbow trout peritoneal cavity in response to different antigens. | to date, intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection seems to be the most effective vaccination route in aquaculture, as many i.p. administered fish vaccines are capable of conferring strong and long-lasting immune responses. despite this, how peritoneal leukocytes are regulated upon antigen encounter has only been scarcely studied in fish. although, in the past, myeloid cells were thought to be the main responders to peritoneal inflammation, a recent study revealed that igm(+) b cells are one of the main ... | 2017 | 28088353 |
| genomic organization, expression and antimicrobial activity of a hepcidin from taimen (hucho taimen, pallas). | hepcidin, an antimicrobial peptide, plays a crucial role in innate immune system of teleost fish. as a cysteine-rich peptide, hepcidin possesses a dual function including iron regulation and innate immunity. in the present study, a full-length hepcidin cdna (hthep) was cloned and characterized by rt-pcr and race techniques from taimen (hucho taimen, pallas), which is a type of rare, precious and cold-water fish species in china. the cdna contains an open reading frame (orf) of 267 bp encoding 88 ... | 2016 | 27452973 |
| β-defensin in nile tilapia (oreochromis niloticus): sequence, tissue expression, and anti-bacterial activity of synthetic peptides. | beta-defensins (β-defensins) are small cationic amphiphilic peptides that are widely distributed in plants, insects, and vertebrates, and are important for their antimicrobial properties. in this study, the β-defensin (onβ-defensin) gene of the nile tilapia (oreochromis niloticus) was cloned from spleen tissue. onβ-defensin has a genomic dna sequence of 674 bp and produces a cdna of 454 bp. sequence alignments showed that onβ-defensin contains three exons and two introns. sequence analysis of th ... | 2015 | 25871516 |
| attempts at validating a recombinant flavobacterium psychrophilum gliding motility protein n as a vaccine candidate in rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum) against bacterial cold-water disease. | the flavobacterium psychrophilum gliding motility n (gldn) protein was investigated to determine its ability to elicit antibody responses and provide protective immunity in rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum). gldn was pcr-amplified, cloned into pet102/d-topo, and expressed in escherichia coli. bacteria expressing recombinant gldn (rgldn) were formalin-inactivated and injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) into rainbow trout with freund's complete adjuvant (fca) in four separate studies that ... | 2014 | 25053267 |
| [prokaryotic expression and immunogenicity analysis of glycoprotein from infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus]. | in order to detect infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus with immunological methods, the surface glycoprotein of a recent ihnv-sn isolated from farmed rainbow trout ( oncorhynchus mykiss ) in china was amplified and cloned into pet27b(+) vector (designated as pet27b-g ). the expression of recombinant plasmid pet27b-g in e. coli bl21(de3) was induced and determined by sds-page analysis. the predicted molecular weight of glycoprotein protein was approximately 55 kd and was confirmed in this stud ... | 2013 | 24386842 |
| characterization and expression of gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (gilt) gene in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) with implications for gilt in innate immune response. | the interferon-γ-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (gilt) has been demonstrated to play an important role in the processing and presentation of mhc class ii-restricted antigen (ag) by catalyzing disulfide bond reduction. in this study, a rainbow trout cdna (designated as rgilt) was cloned and identified from oncorhynchus mykiss. the open reading frame of rgilt consists of 759 bases encoding a protein of 253 amino acids with an estimated molecular mass of 28.23 kda and a theoretical isoelectric ... | 2013 | 24006043 |
| cloning and characterization of rainbow trout interleukin-17a/f2 (il-17a/f2) and il-17 receptor a: expression during infection and bioactivity of recombinant il-17a/f2. | lower vertebrates have been found to possess genes that have similar homology to both interleukin (il)-17a and il-17f, which have been termed il-17a/f. in fish species, several of these genes can be present, but, to date, very little is known about their functional activity. this article describes the discovery and sequence analysis of a rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) il-17a/f2 molecule and an il-17ra receptor. in addition, the bioactivity of the trout il-17a/f2 is investigated for the firs ... | 2013 | 23147036 |
| fibroblasts express immune relevant genes and are important sentinel cells during tissue damage in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | fibroblasts have shown to be an immune competent cell type in mammals. however, little is known about the immunological functions of this cell-type in lower vertebrates. a rainbow trout hypodermal fibroblast cell-line (rthdf) was shown to be responsive to pamps and damps after stimulation with lps from e. coli, supernatant and debris from sonicated rthdf cells. lps was overall the strongest inducer of il-1beta, il-8, il-10, tlr-3 and tlr-9. il-1beta and il-8 were already highly up regulated afte ... | 2010 | 20174584 |
| production of recombinant leptin and its effects on food intake in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | leptin is a key factor for the regulation of food intake and energy homeostasis in mammals, but information regarding its role in teleosts is still limited. there are large differences between mammalian and teleost leptin at both gene and protein levels, and in order to characterize the function of leptin in fish, preparation of species-specific leptin is therefore a key step. in this study, full-length cdna coding for rainbow trout leptin was identified. in spite of low amino acid sequence simi ... | 2008 | 18539064 |
| the rainbow trout classical mhc class i molecule onmy-uba*501 is expressed in similar cell types as mammalian classical mhc class i molecules. | onmy-uba is a polymorphic classical major histocompatibility (mhc) class i locus in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). a common allomorph is onmy-uba*501, which has been detected in several wildtype strains, in the clonal homozygous rainbow trout c25 and, in the current study, in the rainbow trout gonad cell line rtg-2. the extracellular domain of this allomorph was expressed in e. coli and a murine monoclonal antibody designated h9 was generated against the recombinant protein. in western blo ... | 2003 | 12547623 |
| cloning and expression of two carbonyl reductase-like 20beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase cdnas in ovarian follicles of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | in salmonid fish, 20beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (20beta-hsd) is a key enzyme involved in the production of oocyte maturation-inducing hormone (mih), 17alpha, 20beta-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one. here we report the isolation of two cdnas which encode proteins with high homology to carbonyl reductase-like 20beta-hsd (cr/20beta-hsd) from rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) ovarian follicles. genomic dna analysis showed that the two cr/20beta-hsd cdnas are derived from two different genes. northe ... | 1999 | 10082666 |
| high nutrient concentration can induce virulence factor expression and cause higher virulence in an environmentally transmitted pathogen. | environmentally transmitted opportunistic pathogens shuttle between two substantially different environments: outside-host and within-host habitats. these environments differ from each other especially with respect to nutrient availability. consequently, the pathogens are required to regulate their behavior in response to environmental cues in order to survive, but how nutrients control the virulence in opportunistic pathogens is still poorly understood. in this study, we examined how nutrient l ... | 2016 | 27193154 |
| virulence of flavobacterium columnare genomovars in rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss. | flavobacterium columnare is the causative agent of columnaris disease and is responsible for significant economic losses in aquaculture. f. columnare is a gram-negative bacterium, and 5 genetic types or genomovars have been described based on restriction fragment length polymorphism of the 16s rrna gene. previous research has suggested that genomovar ii isolates are more virulent than genomovar i isolates to multiple species of fish, including rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss. in addition, impr ... | 2016 | 27503917 |