| estrogenic effects of monocrotophos evaluated by vitellogenin mrna and protein induction in male goldfish (carassius auratus). | monocrotophos (mcp) is listed as a prior informed consent chemical, and it is still used extensively in developing countries. it has been seen that mcp shows high toxicity in fish and aquatic ecosystems. to confirm whether mcp shows estrogenic effects on fish, the induction of vitellogenin (vtg) in male goldfish (carassius auratus) following a 21 day exposure to 0.01, 0.10 and 1.00 mg x l(-1) 40% mcp pesticide in a semi-static exposure system was evaluated by hepatic mrna and plasma protein. rea ... | 2009 | 19439194 |
| in vitro generation of viral-antigen dependent cytotoxic t-cells from ginbuna crucian carp, carassius auratus langsdorfii. | little is known about antigen-specific t-cell responses to viruses in teleosts due to a lack of a suitable experimental system using inbred or clonal animals. in the present study we have successfully induced an in vitro generation of virus-specific cytotoxic t-cells (ctls) from isogeneic ginbuna crucian carp. responder cells (primarily lymphocytes) from crucian carp haematopoietic necrosis virus (chnv)-infected fish were capable of proliferating after stimulation in vitro with chnv-infected syn ... | 2009 | 19428040 |
| apelin in goldfish (carassius auratus): cloning, distribution and role in appetite regulation. | apelin is a recently discovered peptide produced by several tissues including brain and adipose tissue. in mammals and zebrafish, apelin regulates cardiovascular functions. recent evidence in mammals suggest that apelin might also regulate food intake. in this study, we cloned a cdna encoding apelin and examined apelin mrna distribution within the brain and in peripheral tissues. we also assessed the effects of fasting on apelin brain mrna abundance. apelin mrna was expressed throughout the brai ... | 2009 | 19427346 |
| co-culture of carp (cyprinus carpio) kidney haematopoietic cells with feeder cells resulting in long-term proliferation of t-cell lineages. | to characterise fish haematopoietic stem/progenitor cells, it is necessary to develop a culture system that supports proliferation and differentiation of these cells. in the present study, we established cell lines from various tissues of carp (cyprinus carpio) and ginbuna (carassius auratus langsdorfii). by using these cell lines, we developed a culture system in which carp haematopoietic cells proliferated and were successively passaged. cell lines from carp thymus (kot), carp fin (kof1) and g ... | 2009 | 19375173 |
| the detection of pressure fluctuations, sonic audition, is the dominant mode of dipole-source detection in goldfish (carassius auratus). | behavioral detection of a low-frequency (40 hz) vibratory dipole at source distances of 1.5-24 cm was measured by classically conditioned respiratory suppression in goldfish (carassius auratus). detection thresholds were compared across distances and before and after ablation of individual octavolateralis sensory channels. detection thresholds, expressed in units of pressure (spl), remained roughly constant as distance between the stimulus source and animal increased. lateral line inactivation, ... | 2009 | 19364230 |
| pulp and paper mill effluents contain neuroactive substances that potentially disrupt neuroendocrine control of fish reproduction. | here we show for the first time that components of pulp and paper mill effluents contain neuroactive substances that may impair fish reproduction. grab samples of primary and secondary effluent were obtained from a representative pulp and paper mill in eastern canada. effluents were fractionated using classic polarity and polyphenolic extraction methods into solvents of selected polarities (water, ethanol, ethyl acetate, and hexane). by means of in vitro, competitive assays on goldfish (carassiu ... | 2009 | 19350947 |
| circadian clock genes of goldfish, carassius auratus: cdna cloning and rhythmic expression of period and cryptochrome transcripts in retina, liver, and gut. | clock genes are known to be the molecular core of biological clocks of vertebrates. they are expressed not only in those tissues considered central pacemakers, but also in peripheral tissues. in the present study, partial cdnas for 6 of the principal clock genes (period 1-3 and cryptochrome 1-3) were cloned from a teleost fish, the goldfish (carassius auratus ). these genes showed high homology (approximately 90%) with the respective cdnas of zebrafish (danio rerio), the only other teleost from ... | 2009 | 19346448 |
| chlorpheniramine impairs functional recovery in carassius auratus after telencephalic ablation. | we determined the effect of an h1 receptor antagonist on the functional recovery of carassius auratus submitted to telencephalic ablation. five days after surgery the fish underwent a spatial-choice learning paradigm test. the fish, weighing 6-12 g, were divided into four groups: telencephalic ablation (a) or sham lesion (s) and saline (sal) or chlorpheniramine (cpa, ip, 16 mg/kg). for eight consecutive days each animal was trained individually in sessions separated by 24 h (alternate days). tra ... | 2009 | 19330266 |
| distribution of ghrelin peptide in the gastrointestinal tract of stomachless and stomach-containing teleosts. | the occurrence and localization of ghrelin peptide in the gastrointestinal tract of carassius auratus and dicentrarchus labrax, two fish species that exhibit different feeding behavior, different habitats, and different anatomical organizations of the gastroenteric tract, were examined by immunohistochemical methods and western blotting analysis. all of the gastrointestinal segments studied displayed immunohistochemical localizations of ghrelin peptide. numerous single or clustered immunoreactiv ... | 2009 | 19322896 |
| structural and functional multiplicity of the kisspeptin/gpr54 system in goldfish (carassius auratus). | to ascertain the neuroendocrine function of the kisspeptin/gpr54 system in non-mammalian species, full-length cdnas encoding for kiss1 and kiss2 as well as their putative cognate receptors gpr54a and gpr54b, were isolated from goldfish (carassius auratus). the deduced protein sequences between kiss1 and kiss2 in goldfish share very low similarity, but their putative mature peptides (kisspeptin-10) are relatively conserved. rt-pcr analysis demonstrated that the goldfish kiss1 gene (gfkiss1) is hi ... | 2009 | 19304758 |
| etiology and pathology of epidermal papillomas in allogynogenetic crucian carp carassius auratus gibelio (female) x cyprinus carpio var. singuonensis (male). | allogynogenetic crucian carp carassius auratus gibelio (female) x cyprinus carpio var. singuonensis (male) is one of the main freshwater aquaculture species in china. in recent years, epidermal papillomas have been observed on the scales, fins and opercula of adult fish in many fish farms in the chongming county of shanghai, china. the disease appears in the late autumn of the first year and becomes more severe in winter. it gradually regresses in the late spring or summer of the second year, as ... | 2009 | 19301639 |
| goldfish cb1 mrna expression is affected by fasting and anandamide administration. | the endocannabinoid system has a well-documented pivotal role in the control of mammalian feeding response; nevertheless, some evidence is available regarding a similar role in nonmammalian vertebrates and invertebrates. as in the bonyfish carassius auratus, cb1 cannabinoid receptors are abundant in brain regions involved in the control of food intake, and fasting affects endocannabinoid levels, in this study the effects of food deprivation and anandamide administration on cb1 expression were ev ... | 2009 | 19293731 |
| predominant expression and cellular distribution of fish agr2 in renal collecting system. | anterior gradient 2 (agr2) genes encode secretory proteins, and play significant roles in anterior-posterior patterning and tumor metastasis. agr2 transcripts were shown to display quite diverse tissue distribution in different species, and little was known about the cellular localization of agr2 proteins. in this study, we identified an agr2 homologue from gibel carp (carassius auratus gibelio), and revealed the expression patterns and cellular localization during embryogenesis and in adult tis ... | 2009 | 19266620 |
| crystallization and preliminary x-ray crystallographic studies of the z-dna-binding domain of a pkr-like kinase (pkz) in complex with z-dna. | pkz, a pkr-like eif2alpha kinase, consists of a z-dna-specific binding domain (zalpha) and an eif2alpha kinase domain. the kinase activity of pkz is modulated by the binding of zalpha to z-dna. the mechanisms underlying z-dna binding and the subsequent stimulation of pkz raise intriguing questions. interestingly, the z-dna-binding domain of pkz from goldfish (carassius auratus; cazalpha(pkz)) shows limited sequence homology to other canonical zalpha domains, suggesting that it may have a distinc ... | 2009 | 19255480 |
| time-dependent oxidative stress responses of crucian carp (carassius auratus) to intraperitoneal injection of extracted microcystins. | this study was conducted to investigate time-dependent changes in oxidative enzymes in liver of crucian carp after intraperitoneally injection with extracted microcystins 600 and 150 microg kg(-1) body weight. the results showed that activities of antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase generally exhibited a rapid increase in early phase (1-3 h post injection), but gradually decreased afterwards (12-48 h) compared with the c ... | 2009 | 19252760 |
| the effects of thermally induced gill remodeling on ionocyte distribution and branchial chloride fluxes in goldfish (carassius auratus). | experiments were performed to evaluate the effects of temperature-induced changes in functional gill lamellar surface area on the distribution of ionocytes and branchial chloride fluxes in goldfish (carassius auratus). in fish acclimated to warm water (25 degrees c), the ionocytes were scattered along the lamellae and within the interlamellar regions of the filament. in cold water (7 degrees c), the ionocytes were largely absent from the lamellae and filaments but instead were mostly confined to ... | 2009 | 19252001 |
| polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans and biphenyls in crucian carp (carassius auratus) from rivers in korea during 2000-2004. | concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (pcdds) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (pcdfs) were analyzed in freshwater fish (crucian carp) taken from 16 locations in nine rivers and a wetland in korea, during 2000-2004. dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (dl-pcbs) were also analyzed in the same samples but over shorter period (2002-2004). concentrations on a wet weight basis for 3 years (2002-2004) ranged from below the detection limit (dl) to 0.36 pg teq g(-1) wet wt. for pcdds, b ... | 2009 | 19246071 |
| molecular cloning and tissue distribution of lipoprotein lipase full-length cdna from pengze crucian carp (carassius auratus var. pengze). | a full-length cdna coding lipoprotein lipase (lpl) was cloned from liver of adult pengze crucian carp (carassius auratus var. pengze) by rt-pcr and rapid amplification of cdna ends (race) approaches. the cdna obtained was 1877 bp long with a 1524 bp open reading frame (orf) encoding 507 amino acids, including a putative signal peptide of 23 amino acids long. the deduced amino acid sequence has a high similarity and shows similar structural features to lpl of other species. the lpl protein has a ... | 2009 | 19236937 |
| thyroid hormones as a potential early biomarker of exposure to 4-nonylphenol in adult male shubunkins (carassius auratus). | nonylphenol, an estrogenic-like compound, can induce vitellogenin synthesis in males and immature teleostean species, but little is known about its effects on thyroid hormones balance. the present study evaluated the potential effects of a single acute exposure to nonylphenol (i.p. injected) on the thyroid and reproductive axis of 250 shubunkins (carassius auratus). plasma levels of thyroid hormones were quantified immunoenzymatically by elisa assay. nonylphenol induced a significant decrease of ... | 2009 | 19232673 |
| l-histidine reduces inhibitory avoidance in carassius auratus submitted to cerebellar ablation. | the effect of post-training treatment with l-histidine (lh) on the memory consolidation of inhibitory avoidance was investigated in carassius auratus submitted to cerebellar ablation. the inhibitory avoidance procedure included 3 days: one habituation day, one training day (5 trials, t1-t5) and one test day. on the training day, each fish was placed individually in a white compartment separated from a black compartment by a sliding door. when the fish crossed into the black compartment, a weight ... | 2009 | 19219307 |
| effect of calcitonin gene-related peptide (cgrp), adrenomedullin and adrenomedullin-2/intermedin on food intake in goldfish (carassius auratus). | the purpose of the present study was to elucidate the possible role of calcitonin gene-related peptide (cgrp), adrenomedullin (am) and adrenomedullin-2/intermedin (imd) on food intake regulation in goldfish (carassius auratus). we examined the effects of intracerebroventricular (icv) administration of these related hormones on food intake. food-deprived goldfish were subjected to icv injections of cgrp, am and imd and their food intake were quantified. cgrp at 10ng/g body weight (bw) significant ... | 2009 | 19150637 |
| macrophage colony-stimulating factor (csf-1) induces pro-inflammatory gene expression and enhances antimicrobial responses of goldfish (carassius auratus l.) macrophages. | we report on the regulation of pro-inflammatory functions of goldfish macrophages and induction of gene expression by recombinant goldfish csf-1 (rgcsf-1). recombinant goldfish tnfalpha-2 (rg tnfalpha-2), rgifngamma but not rgtgfbeta induced time-dependent increase of csf-1 expression in macrophages. treatment of goldfish macrophages with rgcsf-1 increased expression of several immune genes including cxcl-8 (=il-8), ccl-1, tnfalpha-1, tnfalpha-2, il-1beta-1, il-1beta-2, il-12-p35, il-12-p40, ifn ... | 2009 | 19130890 |
| aspects of the hormonal regulation of appetite in fish with emphasis on goldfish, atlantic cod and winter flounder: notes on actions and responses to nutritional, environmental and reproductive changes. | in vertebrates including fish, food intake regulation involves intricate networks of hormones produced by both brain and peripheral tissues. under optimum conditions, nutritional intake is adequate for basal metabolic needs, growth, development, reproduction, and deposition of energy stores. as fish represent a very diverse group, different fish species live in very different environments and are exposed to variations in a wide range of factors, including not only internal factors, such as nutri ... | 2009 | 19087889 |
| oxidative stress and growth inhibition in the freshwater fish carassius auratus induced by chronic exposure to sublethal fullerene aggregates. | the rapid growth of nanotechnology is stimulating research concerning the potential environmental impacts of manufactured nanomaterials. the present study summarizes, to our knowledge, the first examination regarding the potential effects of chronic exposure (32 d) of aquatic organisms (juvenile carp [carassius auratus]) to sublethal concentrations (0.04-1.0 mg/l) of fullerene aggregates (nc60/aq; i.e., c60 suspended in water after long-term stirring) with average diameters of approximately 349 ... | 2008 | 19086321 |
| tracing the accumulation and effects of mercury uptake in the previtellogenic ovary of crucian carp, carassius auratus gibelio by autometallography and caspase-3 immunohistochemistry. | the aims of the present study were to apply the amg technique for localization of mercury at the light and electron microscopic level in the ovary of crucian carp after exposure to mercuric chloride and to find out if this heavy metal induces expression of caspase-3. depending on the stage of ovarian follicle development, two patterns of mercury accumulation have been found in previtellogenic ovary of crucian carp. the first mercury accumulation pattern has been found in the early previtellogeni ... | 2009 | 19085830 |
| identification and characterization of hypoxia-induced genes in carassius auratus blastulae embryonic cells using suppression subtractive hybridization. | organisms living in water are inevitably exposed to periods of hypoxia. environmental hypoxia has been an important stressor having manifold effects on aquatic life. many fish species have evolved behavioral, physiological, biochemical and molecular adaptations that enable them to cope with hypoxia. however, the molecular mechanisms of hypoxia tolerance in fish, remain unknown. in this study, we used suppression subtractive hybridization to examine the differential gene expression in cab cells ( ... | 2009 | 19068236 |
| malathion-induced alteration of the antioxidant defence system in kidney, gill, and intestine of carassius auratus gibelio. | pesticides such as malathion, commonly used in agriculture and households, are toxic substances that lead to reactive oxygen species generation, which harms organisms. ecotoxicological consequences of malathion, particularly its effects on antioxidants in fish, are not well understood. thus, we investigated the effects of malathion (0.05 mg/l) on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant systems in carassius auratus gibelio kidney, intestine, and gills following exposure times of 1, 2, 3, and 6 days. t ... | 2009 | 19051277 |
| objective threshold estimation and measurement of the residual background noise in auditory evoked potentials of goldfish. | a survey of papers using auditory evoked potentials (aeps) published over the last 10 years (table i) demonstrates that most aep studies in animals have used subjective methods for auditory threshold determination. subjective methods greatly reduce the value of statistical hypothesis testing and jeopardize tests of hypothetical experimental group differences in hearing sensitivity. correspondingly, many attempts have been made to develop objective threshold determination methods, but these have ... | 2008 | 19045791 |
| responses of the goldfish head lateral line to moving objects. | we investigated how fibers in the anterior lateral line nerve of goldfish, carassius auratus, respond to water motions generated by an object that was moved alongside the fish. motion direction was from anterior to posterior or opposite, object diameter was between 0.1 and 4 cm and the distance between object and fish varied between 1 and 6 cm. fibers exhibited monophasic responses characterized by a transient increase in discharge rate, biphasic responses consisting of an increase followed by a ... | 2009 | 19034462 |
| the dose-response relationships for erod and gst induced by polyaromatic hydrocarbons in carassius auratus. | freshwater fish carassius auratus were chosen as experimental animals, the hepatic biochemical responses to medium-term exposure of five pahs were measured as ethoxyresorufin o-deethylase (erod) activity (phase i) and glutathione s-transferase (gst) activity (phase ii) to assess sub-lethal effects. the fold increases of erod and gst activity were calculated and both increased in the order fluoranthene < fluorene < benzo(b)fluoranthene < benzo(g,h,i)perylene < indeno(1,2,3-cd)-pyrene. the clear d ... | 2009 | 19034369 |
| molecular characterization and expression pattern of afpiv during embryogenesis in gibel carp(carassiu auratus gibelio). | as a new type of afps, afpiv has been firstly identified in longhorn sculpin (myoxocephalus octodecimspinosus), and in recent years, its cdna and amino acid sequence have been reported, and its pancreatic synthesis has been firstly reported in polar fish. however, its expression patterns during fish embryogenesis have not been elucidated yet. by differential screening, we cloned the cagafpiv in gibel carp, carassius auratus gibelio, demonstrated its predominant expression during embryogenesis. r ... | 2009 | 19011991 |
| in vitro investigations for the qsar mechanism of lymphocytes apoptosis induced by substituted aromatic toxicants. | the objective of this study was to assess the chemicals-induced apoptosis effects on fish lymphocytes and to use the qsar model to interpret the relationships between apoptotic effects and chemical structures to identify the immune toxicology mechanism. by the use of a simple in vitro toxicological assay, the measured apoptotic parameter (ec50) is used in a qsar to interpret the apoptotic effects of 25 substituted benzenes at low exposure levels. the apoptotic effects of all tested substituted a ... | 2008 | 19004643 |
| different culture conditions used for arresting the g0/g1 phase of the cell cycle in goldfish (carassius auratus) caudal fin-derived fibroblasts. | one of the most important factors determining the success of the development of cloned embryos is the cell cycle stage of the donor cells. we investigated the effects of serum starvation, culturing to confluence and roscovitine treatment on the cell cycle synchronization of goldfish caudal fin-derived fibroblasts by flow cytometric analysis. the results show that culturing the cells to confluence (85.5%) and roscovitine treatment (82.71%) yield a significantly higher percentage of cells arrested ... | 2009 | 18977451 |
| [antimutagenic activity of serotoninergic system and its mechanisms in acipenser gueldenstaedti persicus and carassius auratus]. | the paper deals with antimutagenic body activity and its underlying mechanisms. the experiments carried out on the one-year old sturgeons (acipenser gueldenstaedti persicus) and goldfish (carassius auratus) have shown that intramuscular administration of serotoninmodulated anticonsolidation protein (smap) leads to a twofold decrease of erythrocyte mutagenic alterations (the micronuclear test, p < 0.01) caused by action of benthic deposits (0.8 ml/l, 3 days) polluted with industrial wastes. expos ... | 2013 | 18959209 |
| microcystin-rr induces apoptosis in fish lymphocytes by generating reactive oxygen species and causing mitochondrial damage. | microcystin-rr (mcrr), a very widespread toxic microcystin in china, has previously been proved to induce sensitive apoptosis in carassius auratus lymphocytes in vitro. this study focused on the role of intracellular ca(2+), mitochondrial membrane potential, reactive oxygen species, and intracellular atp in the mechanism of mcrr-induced apoptotic toxicity to fish lymphocytes. compared with controls, administration of mcrr (10 nmol l(-1)) caused a massive calcium influx resulting in elevation of ... | 2008 | 18958587 |
| apo-14 is required for digestive system organogenesis during fish embryogenesis and larval development. | apo-14 is a fish-specific apolipoprotein and its biological function remains unknown. in this study, cagapo-14 was cloned from gibel carp (carassius auratus gibelio) and its expression pattern was investigated during embryogenesis and early larval development. the cagapo-14 transcript and its protein product were firstly localized in the yolk syncytial layer at a high level during embryogenesis, and then found to be restricted to the digestive system including liver and intestine in later embryo ... | 2008 | 18956341 |
| amp-deaminase from goldfish white muscle: regulatory properties and redistribution under exposure to high environmental oxygen level. | amp-deaminase was partially purified from white skeletal muscle of goldfish, carassius auratus. the enzyme was highly stable, showing virtually no change in activity at 1 month following the purification process when stored in 1 m kcl at 2-4 degrees c. the specific activity of the purified enzyme was 130-150 u/mg protein, with a ph optimum of about ph 6.5. amp-aminohydrolase (ampd) showed non-michaelis-menten kinetics, with a s(0.5) (half saturation by the substrate) for amp of 0.73 +/- 0.03 mm, ... | 2009 | 18931932 |
| diurnal expressions of four subtypes of melatonin receptor genes in the optic tectum and retina of goldfish. | four subtypes of melatonin receptor genes (mel(1a) 1.4, mel(1a) 1.7, mel(1b), and mel(1c)) are considered to be expressed to mediate various physiological functions of melatonin in goldfish (carassius auratus). to examine their tissue distribution and diurnal changes in expression levels, we cloned partial gene fragments for these melatonin receptor subtypes, and established specific rt-pcr and quantitative real-time pcr systems. mel(1a) 1.4 and mel(1b) were predominantly expressed in various ne ... | 2009 | 18930834 |
| comparative analysis of mitochondrial control region in polyploid hybrids of red crucian carp (carassius auratus) x blunt snout bream (megalobrama amblycephala). | the entire sequences of the mitochondrial (mt)dna control region (cr) and portions of its flanking genes in the red crucian carp (rc) and blunt snout bream (bsb) as well as their polyploid hybrids (3nrb, 4nrb and 5nrb) were determined and subjected to a comparative analysis. the mtdna-crs of these five fish species ranged from 923 to 937 bp in length, they had the same flanking gene arrangement as other vertebrates and the pattern of nucleotide substitution bias was also similar to that in other ... | 2010 | 18815893 |
| amp-activated protein kinase activity during metabolic rate depression in the hypoxic goldfish, carassius auratus. | cell survival during hypoxia exposure requires a metabolic reorganization to decrease atp demands to match the reduced capacity for atp production. we investigated whether amp-activated protein kinase (ampk) activity responds to 12 h exposure to severe hypoxia ( approximately 0.3 mg o2 l(-1)) in the anoxia-tolerant goldfish (carassius auratus). hypoxia exposure in goldfish was characterized by a strong activation of creatine phosphate hydrolysis and glycolysis in liver and muscle. ampk activity ... | 2008 | 18805810 |
| analysis of the goldfish carassius auratus olfactory epithelium transcriptome reveals the presence of numerous non-olfactory gpcr and putative receptors for progestin pheromones. | the goldfish (carassius auratus) uses steroids and prostaglandins as pheromone cues at different stages of the reproductive cycle to facilitate spawning synchronization. steroid progestin pheromone binding has been detected in goldfish olfactory membranes but the receptors responsible for this specific binding remain unknown. in order to shed some light on the olfactory epithelium transcriptome and search for possible receptor candidates a large set of est from this tissue were analysed and comp ... | 2008 | 18803863 |
| [collation of data on the ploidy levels and mitochondrial dna phylogenetic lineages in the silver crucian carp carassius auratus gibelio from far eastern and central asian populations]. | the distribution of the diploid and triploid forms and the correspondence between ploidy and mitochondrial dna (mtdna) phylogenetic lineages of the silver crucian carp have been studied in far eastern water bodies and the syr darya river. both diploid and triploid forms have been found in large river systems (the amur, suifun, tumangan, and syr darya river basins). only the diploid form has been detected in lakes of bol'shoi pelis island (peter the great bay of the sea of japan), sakhalin island ... | 2008 | 18767549 |
| effects of fluoxetine on the reproductive axis of female goldfish (carassius auratus). | we investigated the effects of fluoxetine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, on neuroendocrine function and the reproductive axis in female goldfish. fish were given intraperitoneal injections of fluoxetine twice a week for 14 days, resulting in five injections of 5 microg fluoxetine/g body wt. we measured the monoamine neurotransmitters serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine in addition to their metabolites with hplc. homovanillic acid, a metabolite in the dopaminergic pathway, increas ... | 2008 | 18765858 |
| two unisexual artificial polyploid clones constructed by genome addition of common carp (cyprinus carp) and crucian carp (carassius auratus). | a polyploid hybrid fish with natural gynogenesis can prevent segregation and maintain their hybrid vigor in their progenies. supposing the reproduction mode of induced polyploid fish being natural gynogenesis, allopolyploid hybrid between common carp and crucian carp into allopolyploid was performed. the purpose of this paper is to describe a lineage from sexual diploid carp transforming into allotriploid and allotetraploid unisexual clones by genome addition. the diploid hybrid between common c ... | 2003 | 18758716 |
| differential expression and characterization analysis of a new gene with wd domains in fish oogenesis. | a new gene with wd domains is cloned and characterized according to its differential transcription and expression between previtellogenic oocytes (phase i oocytes) and fully-grown oocytes (phase v oocytes) from natural gynogenetic silver crucian carp (carassius auratus gibelio) by using the combinative methods of suppressive subtraction hybridization, smart cdna synthesis and race-pcr. the full-length cdna is 1870 bp. its 5' untranslated region is 210 bp, followed by an open reading frame of 990 ... | 2001 | 18726400 |
| effect of prebiotic xylooligosaccharides on growth performances and digestive enzyme activities of allogynogenetic crucian carp (carassius auratus gibelio). | the effect of prebiotic xylooligosaccharides (xos) on the growth performance and digestive enzyme activities of the allogynogenetic crucian carp, carassius auratus gibelio, was investigated. xos was added to fish basal semi-purified diets at three concentrations by dry feed weight: diet 1, 50 mg kg(-1); diet 2, 100 mg kg(-1); diet 3, 200 mg kg(-1), respectively. twelve aquaria (n = 20) with three replicates for each treatment group (diets 1-3) and control treated without xos were used. weights o ... | 2009 | 18704733 |
| inductive transcription and protective role of fish heme oxygenase-1 under hypoxic stress. | heme oxygenase-1 is the rate-limiting enzyme in the degradation of heme into biliverdin, carbon monoxide and free divalent iron. in this study, we cloned heme oxygenase isoform 1 (caho-1) from a hypoxia-tolerant teleost fish carassius auratus. the full-length cdna of caho-1 is 1247 bp and encodes a protein of 272 amino acids. rt-pcr and real-time pcr analysis indicated that caho-1 was predominantly transcribed in posterior kidney, head kidney, gill and intestine, and induction of gene transcript ... | 2008 | 18689423 |
| in vivo characterization of primitive hematopoietic cells in clonal ginbuna crucian carp (carassius auratus langsdorfii). | primitive hematopoietic cells in mammalian bone marrow are purified by flow cytometry using hoechst 33342 (hoechst) and rhodamine-123 (rho), because these dyes efflux activities of hematopoietic cells widely conserved in mammals. hematopoietic stem cells (hscs) are identified as side population (sp) cells, characterized by specific hoechst efflux pattern in flow cytometric analysis. we previously demonstrated that sp cells from teleost body kidney (bk) had the hsc activity by a transplantation e ... | 2008 | 18674821 |
| the goldfish (carassius auratus) as a model for neuroendocrine signaling. | goldfish (carassius auratus) are excellent model organisms for the neuroendocrine signaling and the regulation of reproduction in vertebrates. goldfish also serve as useful model organisms in numerous other fields. in contrast to mammals, teleost fish do not have a median eminence; the anterior pituitary is innervated by numerous neuronal cell types and thus, pituitary hormone release is directly regulated. here we briefly describe the neuroendocrine control of luteinizing hormone. stimulation b ... | 2008 | 18657592 |
| molecular cloning of cyp1a gene and its expression by benzo(a)pyrene from goldfish (carassius auratus). | we cloned and sequenced the cytochrome p450 1a (cyp1a) gene from goldfish (carassius auratus). it has a 1581 bp open reading frame that encodes a 526 amino acid protein with a theoretical molecular weight of 59.02 kda. the cyp1a amino acid sequence clusters in a monophyletic group with other fish cyp1as, and more closely related to zebrafish cyp1a (91% identity) than to other fish cyp1as. exposure to benzo(a)pyrene (bap) by intraperitoneal injection increased biliary bap metabolites and liver cy ... | 2009 | 18655176 |
| seasonal morphological and biochemical changes of dahlgren cells implies a potential role of the caudal neurosecretory system (cnss) in the reproduction cycle of teleostean fish. | the purpose of this mini-review is to summarize recent research on the seasonal morphological and biochemical changes of dahlgren cells in the caudal neurosecretory system (cnss) of the freshwater teleosts carp carassius auratus. the quantitative proof for these seasonal changes in the morphology and biochemistry of dahlgren cells reflects the relationship between the cnss and the reproduction cycle of fish and implies that the cnss is probably involved in the reproduction process of fish. | 2008 | 18649021 |
| evidence of anoxia-induced channel arrest in the brain of the goldfish (carassius auratus). | the common goldfish (carassius auratus) is extremely anoxia tolerant and here we provide evidence that "channel arrest" in the brain of these fish contributes to atp conservation during periods of anoxia. whole-cell patch-clamp recordings of slices taken from the telencephalon indicated that the n-methyl-d-aspartate (nmda) receptor, an ionotropic glutamate receptor and ca(2+)-channel, underwent a 40-50% reduction in activity during 40 min of acute anoxia. this is the first direct evidence of cha ... | 2008 | 18620076 |
| description of a new species of myxobolus (myxozoa: myxobolidae) based on morphological and molecular data. | myxobolus ampullicapsulatus n. sp. was isolated from the gills of carassius auratus auratus (l., 1758) in chongqing, china. myxospores were pyriform, measuring 16.5-19.5 microm long x 8.5-10.0 microm wide x 7.0 microm thick. two equal polar capsules were ampullaceous, measuring 7.0-10.0 microm long x 2.5-4.0 microm wide, containing polar filaments coiled 9-10 turns. spore length of this species exceeds that of the majority of other myxobolus spp., and those overlapping in this dimension can be d ... | 2008 | 18605802 |
| the acute lethality and endocrine effect of 1,2,3,7,8-pecdd in juvenile goldfish (carassius auratus) in vivo. | 1,2,3,7,8-pecdd was administrated to juvenile goldfish (carassius auratus) by peritoneal injections to explore the acute lethality and endocrine effects of 1,2,3,7,8-pecdd in vivo. the value of acute median lethal dosage (ld50) of 1,2,3,7,8-pecdd was determined in acute lethality tests. the endocrine effect of 1,2,3,7,8-pecdd, whose exposed concentrations were determined based on the ld50 (1.84 mg/kg), was studied by measuring the plasma vitellogenin (vtg) content in juvenile male goldfish with ... | 2008 | 18574967 |
| molecular characterization of calcitonin gene-related peptide (cgrp) related peptides (cgrp, amylin, adrenomedullin and adrenomedullin-2/intermedin) in goldfish (carassius auratus): cloning and distribution. | to further characterize the structure and function of calcitonin gene-related peptide (cgrp) related peptides in fish, we have cloned cdna sequences for cgrp, amylin, adrenomedullin (am) and adrenomedullin-2/intermedin (imd) in goldfish (carassius auratus) and examined their tissue distribution. cgrp, amylin, am and imd cdnas were isolated by reverse transcription (rt) and rapid amplification of cdna ends (race). the cloned sequences contain the complete four mature peptides, which present a hig ... | 2008 | 18539360 |
| globins and hypoxia adaptation in the goldfish, carassius auratus. | goldfish (carassius auratus) may survive in aquatic environments with low oxygen partial pressures. we investigated the contribution of respiratory proteins to hypoxia tolerance in c. auratus. we determined the complete coding sequence of hemoglobin alpha and beta and myoglobin, as well as partial cdnas from neuroglobin and cytoglobin. like the common carp (cyprinus carpio), c. auratus possesses two paralogous myoglobin genes that duplicated within the cyprinid lineage. myoglobin is also express ... | 2008 | 18537818 |
| immunohistochemical localization of c-rfamide, a fmrf-related peptide, in the brain of the goldfish, carassius auratus. | carassius rfamide (c-rfa) is a novel peptide found in the brain of the japanese crucian carp. it has been demonstrated that mrna of c-rfa is present in the telencephalon, optic tectum, medulla oblongata, and proximal half of the eyeball in abundance. immunohistochemical methods were employed to elucidate the distribution of the peptide in the brain of the goldfish (carassius auratus) in detail. c-rfaimmunoreactive perikarya were observed in the olfactory bulb, the area ventralis telencephali par ... | 2000 | 18522460 |
| development of a simple culture method for the tissues contaminated with microorganisms and application to establishment of a fish cell line. | cell cultures are good in vitro model systems in place of using living animals. in the present study, we developed a simple culture method in which tissues were pretreated with a low concentration of sodium hypochlorite solution (naclo) to prevent not only bacteria but also fungi. scales removed from a goldfish (carassius auratus) body were treated with 70% ethanol and then with 0.3% of sodium hypochlorite solution, and cultured in vitro in an atmosphere containing 0.5% co2. the doubling time of ... | 2000 | 18494573 |
| chlorpheniramine facilitates inhibitory avoidance in teleosts submitted to telencephalic ablation. | the present study investigated the involvement of h(1) histaminegic receptor on the acquisition of inhibitory avoidance in carassius auratus submitted to telencephalic ablation. the fish were submitted to telencephalic ablation 5 days before the experiment. the inhibitory avoidance procedure included 1 day for habituation, 3 days for training composed of 3 trials each (1st day: t1, t2, t3; 2nd day: 2t1, 2t2, 2t3; 3rd day: 3t1, 3t2, 3t3) and 1 day for test. on training days, the fish were placed ... | 2008 | 18488098 |
| the complete sequence of mitochondrial genome from a gynogenetic triploid "ginbuna" (carassius auratus langsdorfi). | the complete mitochondrial (mt) genome of the gynogenetic triploid ginbuna (carassius auratus langsdorfi, az3 line) has been cloned and sequenced. the genome consisted of 16,578 bp and encoded the same set of genes (13 proteins, 2 rrnas and 22 trnas) in addition to a d-loop region, as described for other vertebrate mtdnas. comparison with other teleost mtdnas demonstrated that the protein/rrna-coding regions of the ginbuna were highly homologous both in length and nucleotide composition to those ... | 1998 | 18465995 |
| [chromosomal studies of germ cells in diploid and polyploid fish produced by distant crossing]. | by observing the chromosomal spreads of germ cells and tissue sections, we studied the chromosomal spreads of germ cells in diploid and polyploid fish produced by distant crossing. the samples covered the second generation of hybrids of red crucian carp (carassius auratus red var.) (female) x common carp (cyprinus carpio) (male) (2n = 100) (f2), allotetraploid hybrids of red crucian carp (female) x common carp (male)(4n = 200), triploid hybrids of gold fish (female)x allotetraploid (male) (3n = ... | 2008 | 18464590 |
| initial sexual maturity and fecundity of the goldfish carassius auratus (perciformes: cyprynidae) under semi-controlled conditions. | we studied the time of initial sexual maturity and the fecundity of the goldfish carassius auratus under semi-controlled conditions. during the study the water temperature fluctuated from 21 to 30 degrees c, the ph between 7 and 8, and the dissolved oxygen between 5.5 and 7 ppm. sixty days old juvenile fish received prophylactic treatments of brackish water (15 per thousand) and methylene blue baths (1%), and they were fed with live daphnia magna. the initial sexual maturity occurred between 225 ... | 2006 | 18457147 |
| microcystin-induced variations in transcription of gsts in an omnivorous freshwater fish, goldfish. | the glutathione s-transferases are important enzymes in the microcystin-induced detoxication processes. in this experiment, we cloned the full-length cdna of alpha, pi and theta-class-like glutathione s-transferase genes from goldfish (carassius auratus l). their derived amino acid sequences were clustered with other vertebrate alpha, pi and theta-class gsts in a phylogenetic tree and the goldfish gst sequences have the highest similarity with those from common carp and zebrafish. goldfish were ... | 2008 | 18455246 |
| organization of the superficial neuromast system in goldfish, carassius auratus. | distribution, morphology, and orientation of superficial neuromasts and polarization of the hair cells within superficial neuromasts of the goldfish (carassius auratus) were examined using fluorescence labeling and scanning electron microscopy. on each body side, goldfish have 1,800-2,000 superficial neuromasts distributed across the head, trunk and tail fin. each superficial neuromast had about 14-32 hair cells that were arranged in the sensory epithelium with the axis of best sensitivity align ... | 2008 | 18431809 |
| characterization of the cell-mediated cytotoxic responses of isogeneic ginbuna crucian carp induced by oral immunisation with hapten-modified cellular antigens. | a better understanding of the immune responses in fish elicited by oral immunisation is of importance for the development of new and effective oral vaccines for cultured fish. in the present study, we characterized specific cell-mediated cytotoxic responses in isogeneic ginbuna crucian carp (carassius auratus langsdorfii) following oral immunisation with cellular antigens. trinitrophenyl- (tnp) or dinitrophenyl- (dnp) modified syngeneic and allogeneic cells were used for studying the fine specif ... | 2008 | 18407518 |
| identification of a c1q family member associated with cortical granules and follicular cell apoptosis in carassius auratus gibelio. | c1q family proteins with c1q domain have been reported in vertebrates, but their biological roles are currently unknown. in this study, a c1q-like factor, designated carassius auratus gibelio ovary-specific c1q-like factor (cagoc1q-like), was identified as a cortical granules component. immunofluorescence localization revealed that the c1q family member was specifically expressed in follicular epithelial cells, and associated with cortical granules in fully grown oocytes. moreover, it was discha ... | 2008 | 18407406 |
| environmental estrogenic effects and gonadal development in wild goldfish (carassius auratus). | serum vitellogenin (vtg) contents of wild goldfish (carassius auratus) were investigated as a sensitive biomarker for artificial estrogenic compounds in aquatic environments. goldfish was sampled from a pristine area, a river situated 5 km downstream from a sewage treatment works (stw), and also from the young-san river in korea. the female yolk precursor protein vtg was not detected when gonadosomatic index (gsi) was less than 0.85%, while vtg levels of >10 microg/ml were found in males whose g ... | 2009 | 18379891 |
| a comparative analysis of putative oxygen-sensing cells in the fish gill. | we investigated the distribution of serotonin (5-ht)-containing neuroepithelial cells (necs), the putative o(2) sensing cells, in the gills of four species of fish: trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), goldfish (carassius auratus), trairão (hoplias lacerdae) and traira (hoplias malabaricus) using immunohistochemical markers for 5-ht, synaptic vesicles and neural innervation. we found that all fish had a cluster of innervated, serotonergic necs at the filament tips, but there were species-specific distri ... | 2008 | 18375847 |
| cryopreservation of goldfish fins and optimization for field scale cryobanking. | when gametes and embryos are not available, cryobanking of somatic tissues is one possibility to keep a genetic record of fish valuables in a context of biodiversity conservation and animal breeding management. cryopreservation of whole fin pieces would be more advantageous than the commonly used cryopreservation of cells after fin culture, as it would allow extensive sampling without immediate need for laboratory facilities. the objective of this work was to assess the cryopreservation ability ... | 2008 | 18346725 |
| lateral line nerve fibers do not code bulk water flow direction in turbulent flow. | the discharges of anterior and posterior lateral line nerve afferents were recorded while stimulating goldfish, carassius auratus, with bulk water flow. with increasing flow velocity lateral line afferents increased their discharge rates. however, an increased response to flow rates occurred even if flow direction was reversed. thus, individual lateral line afferents did not encode the direction of running water. frequency spectra of the water motions quantified with particle image velocimetry r ... | 2008 | 18329260 |
| sexually disrupting effects of nonylphenol and diethylstilbestrol on male silver carp (carassius auratus) in aquatic microcosms. | based on detected nonylphenol (np) levels in aquaculture water, this study investigated sexually disrupting effects in mature male silver carp (carassius auratus) exposed to np and a positive control diethylstilbestrol (des). the combined evidences of steroid hormone (17beta-estradiol, estrone and testosterone) levels and hispathological pictures showed that np (10 microg/l) and des could exert estrogenic effects through indirect mechanisms [i.e. increased estrogens levels (up to two times) and ... | 2008 | 18325589 |
| lipopolysaccharide induces apoptosis in carassius auratus lymphocytes, a possible role in pathogenesis of bacterial infection in fish. | lipopolysaccharide (lps), the endotoxin of gram-negative bacteria, is capable of eliciting a wide variety of pathophysiological effects, including endotoxin shock, tissue injury and lethality in both humans and animals. it is also a potent stimulant to initiate the proliferation, differentiation and activation of b lymphocytes and macrophages, resulting in changes of inflammatory cytokines, such as tnf-alpha, il1-beta, il6, il-8 and il-12, and enhancement of immune responses. however, little is ... | 2008 | 18325587 |
| gata3 mrna in ginbuna crucian carp (carassius auratus langsdorfii): cdna cloning, splice variants and expression analysis. | gata3, a transcriptional activator, plays a critical role in the development of t-cells and differentiation to t helper type 2 cells. to date, no information is available on the role of gata3 in the teleost immune system. we identified full-length cdna and alternatively spliced variants of ginbuna crucian carp gata3 (gbgata3). the gbgata3 gene is transcribed into multiple splice variants lacking either one or both zinc finger domains, although the sequences of both domains are fully conserved be ... | 2008 | 18313140 |
| the effect of potassium dichromate on free radical processes in goldfish: possible protective role of glutathione. | the effects of 96 h exposure to cr(6+) (added as potassium dichromate) on the status of antioxidant defenses and markers of oxidative damage were evaluated in three tissues of goldfish, carassius auratus. fish exposure to high dichromate concentrations, 10 and 50mg/l, increased protein carbonyl levels in brain and liver, but not in kidney. chromium exposure also increased concentrations of lipid peroxides in brain (at 5mg/l) and liver (10mg/l), but not in kidney. the concentrations of reduced gl ... | 2008 | 18304661 |
| high doses of atrazine do not disrupt activity and expression of aromatase in female gonads of juvenile goldfish (carassius auratus l.). | juveniles female goldfish were exposed to atrazine (2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-isopropylamino-s-triazine) at high doses, 100 and 1000 microg l(-1) during 56 days in order to evaluate the potential action of the herbicide as an endocrine disruptor. plasma concentration of estradiol (e2) and 11-ketotestosterone (11-kt) as well as activity and expression of aromatase in the gonads were evaluated. these parameters were completed with morphological measures such as gonadosomatic index (gsi) and histolog ... | 2008 | 18286371 |
| melatonin reduces body weight in goldfish (carassius auratus): effects on metabolic resources and some feeding regulators. | the objective of the present study was to analyze the effects of chronic melatonin (10 microg/g body weight) on body weight and the main energetic reserves, particularly hepatic and muscle content of proteins, lipids and glycogen in goldfish. in addition, we studied plasma leptin and ghrelin, and hypothalamic content of neuropeptide y (npy) and monoamines after chronic melatonin treatment in order to elucidate a possible interplay between melatonin and these feeding regulators on the body weight ... | 2008 | 18284553 |
| 2-chlorophenol induced hydroxyl radical production in mitochondria in carassius auratus and oxidative stress--an electron paramagnetic resonance study. | in our previous study, electron paramagnetic resonance (epr) evidence of reactive oxygen species (ros) production in carassius auratus following 2-chlorophenol (2-cp) administration was provided. to further investigate the potential pathway of ros production, liver mitochondria of c. auratus was isolated and incubated with 2-cp for 30 min. an epr analysis indicated ros was produced, and intensities of ros increased with increasing concentrations of 2-cp. the ros was then assigned oh by comparing ... | 2008 | 18262590 |
| sorting food from stones: the vagal taste system in goldfish, carassius auratus. | the sense of taste, although a relatively undistinguished sensory modality in most mammals, is a highly developed sense in many fishes, e.g., catfish, gadids, and carps including goldfish. in these species, the amount of neural tissue devoted to this modality may approach 20% of the entire brain mass, reflecting an enormous number of taste buds scattered across the external surface of the animal as well as within the oral cavity. the primary sensory nuclei for taste form a longitudinal column of ... | 2008 | 18228077 |
| assessment of water pollution in the tronto river (italy) by applying useful biomarkers in the fish model carassius auratus. | the tronto river (southern marche region of central italy) is located in an area with neighboring industrial activities and is contaminated with domestic and industrial wastewater. water quality data analyses revealed the presence of a mixture of low levels of heavy metals and organic compounds. the effects of long-term exposure to tronto river water on juvenile carassius auratus were evaluated with an integrated approach using xenoestrogens biomarkers, such as vitellogenin (vtg) and er beta-1 m ... | 2008 | 18214578 |
| the duplication of the hox gene clusters in teleost fishes. | higher teleost fishes, including zebrafish and fugu, have duplicated their hox genes relative to the gene inventory of other gnathostome lineages. the most widely accepted theory contends that the duplicate hox clusters orginated synchronously during a single genome duplication event in the early history of ray-finned fishes. in this contribution we collect and re-evaluate all publicly available sequence information. in particular, we show that the short hox gene fragments from published pcr sur ... | 2004 | 18202881 |
| chlorpheniramine impairs spatial choice learning in telencephalon-ablated fish. | this work investigated the effect of the h1 receptor blockade in the forebrain of ablated carassius auratus in a simple stimulus-response learning task using a t-maze test with positive reinforcement. the goldfish were submitted to surgery for removal of both telencephalic lobes five days before beginning the experiment. a t-shaped glass aquarium was employed, with two feeders located at the extremities of the long arm. one of the two feeders was blocked. the experimental trials were performed i ... | 2008 | 19399346 |
| calcium-fluxing glutamate receptors associated with primary gustatory afferent terminals in goldfish (carassius auratus). | presynaptic ionotropic glutamate receptors modulate transmission at primary afferent synapses in several glutamatergic systems. to test whether primary gustatory afferent fibers express ca(2+)-permeable ampa/kainate receptors, we utilized kainate-stimulated uptake of co(2+) along with immunocytochemistry for the ca(2+)-binding proteins (cabps) calbindin and calretinin to investigate the primary gustatory afferents in goldfish (carassius auratus). in goldfish, the primary gustatory nucleus (equiv ... | 2008 | 18067143 |
| vertebrate osmoregulation: a student laboratory exercise using teleost fish. | here, we describe a laboratory experiment as part of an upper-level vertebrate physiology course for biology majors to investigate the physiological response of vertebrates to osmoregulatory challenges. the experiment involves measuring plasma osmolality and na+-k+-atpase activity in gill tissue of teleost fish acclimated to water of differing salinity. we describe results obtained using the widely available goldfish (carassius auratus) and a common baitfish, the gulf killifish (fundulus grandis ... | 2007 | 18057409 |
| molecular and functional characterization of goldfish (carassius auratus l.) transforming growth factor beta. | transforming growth factor beta (tgf-beta) is a pleiotropic cytokine with important roles in the regulation of cell proliferation, differentiation, survival, migration, activation and de-activation. it is one of the first cytokines released during an immune response and plays a strong immunomodulatory role in the activation and subsequent de-activation of macrophages and other immune cells. tgf-beta is a highly conserved molecule, and members of the tgf superfamily can be found in organisms as e ... | 2008 | 18036659 |
| a model of mptp-induced parkinson's disease in the goldfish. | parkinson's disease (pd) has been modeled in humans, lower primates, and to a lesser extent in some other vertebrates by the administration of the potent neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6 tetrahydropyridine (mptp). the mptp model has thus drawn considerable attention during the past 15 years, as a system to search for anti-pd drugs. it has been previously reported that a parkinsonian syndrome can be elicited in the common goldfish (carassius auratus) by a single dose of mptp. this protocol de ... | 2007 | 18007638 |
| ectopic six3 expression in the dragon eye goldfish. | for goldfish (carassius auratus), there are many varieties with different eye phenotypes due to artificial selection and adaptive evolution. dragon eye is a variant eye characterized by a large-size eyeball protruding out of the socket similar to the eye of dragon in chinese legends. in this study, anatomical structure of the goldfish dragon eye was compared with that of the common eye, and a stretching of the retina was observed in the enlarged dragon eye. moreover, the homeobox-containing tran ... | 2008 | 18006349 |
| characterization and functional analysis of goldfish (carassius auratus l.) tumor necrosis factor-alpha. | we identified and characterized two isoforms of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (tnfalpha) from the goldfish, tnfalpha-1 and tnfalpha-2. at the protein level, goldfish tnfalpha-1 and tnfalpha-2 were most homologous to carp tnfalpha-1 and tnfalpha-2, respectively. phylogenetically, the two goldfish isoforms grouped most closely with the carp tnfalpha isoforms and tnf species of other cyprinids. real-time pcr analysis revealed constitutive expression of goldfish tnfalpha-1 and tnfalpha-2 in all tissue ... | 2008 | 17988738 |
| developmental expression of cagmdkb during gibel carp embryogenesis. | midkine (mdk) genes have been revealed to have different expression patterns in vertebrates and therefore, additional studies on mdk expression patterns are required in more species. in this study, cagmdkb has been cloned and characterized from a smart cdna library of 10-somite stage embryos of carassius auratus gibelio. its full length cdna is 1091 bp and encodes a sequence of 147 amino acids, which shows 97.3% identity to zebrafish mdkb on the amino acid level. rt-pcr analysis reveals that cag ... | 2007 | 17939124 |
| a mechanism of polarized light sensitivity in cone photoreceptors of the goldfish carassius auratus. | an integrated laser tweezer and microphotometry device has been used to characterize in detail how individual, axially orientated goldfish photoreceptors absorb linearly polarized light. this work demonstrates that the mid-wavelength sensitive members of double cone photoreceptors display axial differential polarization sensitivity. the polarization contrast was measured to be 9.2 +/- 0.4%. by comparison, rod photoreceptors only exhibit isotropic absorbance. these data, combined with the square ... | 2007 | 17938422 |
| otolith endorgan input to the mauthner neuron in the goldfish. | the mauthner (m-) cell of the goldfish, carassius auratus, triggers the rapid escape response of the fish in response to various stimuli, including visual and auditory. the large size and accessibility of the m-cell make it an ideal model system for the study of synaptic transmission, membrane properties, and sensory-motor gating. although physiological recordings have suggested that afferents from all three of the inner ear endorgans (the saccule, lagena, and utricle) synapse directly on the ip ... | 2007 | 17924544 |
| immunotoxicity of bisphenol a to carassius auratus lymphocytes and macrophages following in vitro exposure. | bisphenol a (bpa) is the monomer component of polycarbonate plastics and classified as an endocrine disrupting chemical (edc). the reproductive toxicity of bpa has been extensively studied in mammals; however, relatively little information is available on the immunotoxic responses of fish to bpa. in this study, we investigated the effects of bpa on the immune functions of lymphocytes and macrophages in carassius auratus. the effects of bpa were compared with those of two natural steroid hormones ... | 2007 | 17915735 |
| the morphology and systematic status of khawia rossittensis (szidat, 1937) and k. parva (zmeev, 1936) (cestoda: caryophyllidea), parasites of cyprinid fishes. | the morphology of the two little-known fish cestodes of the genus khawia hsü, 1935, k. rossittensis (szidat, 1937) and k. parva (zmeev, 1936) from cyprinid fishes, were studied on the basis of newly collected specimens from goldfish carassius auratus auratus (l.) and museum specimens, respectively. this paper provides the first detailed species diagnosis for k. rossittensis from slovakia, which is compared with specimens from different geographical regions and k. parva, a somewhat similar far ea ... | 2007 | 17912618 |
| down-regulation of goldfish (carassius auratus) prolactin gene expression by dopamine and thyrotropin releasing hormone. | prolactin (prl) is the most versatile hormone identified with multiple functions from osmoregulation in euryhaline fish to lactation in mammals. however, little is known about the basic physiological control of prl in stenohaline freshwater fish. in this study, goldfish is used as a model for the study of prl gene expression in stenohaline fish. we report herein the identification of the goldfish prl (gfprl) genomic sequence which possesses five exons with its 5'-flanking gene promoter region ch ... | 2008 | 17904137 |
| the formation of improved tetraploid population of red crucian carp x common carp hybrids by androgenesis. | bisexual fertile diploid androgenetic individuals (a(0)) (2n=100) were formed by androgenesis. in this way, the diploid spermatozoa from male allotetraploid hybrids (at) (4n=200) of red crucian carp (carassius auratus red var.) (female) x common carp (cyprinus carpio l.) (male) were used to fertilize the uv-treated haploid eggs of goldfish (carassius auratus), and living androgenetic diploid fish were developed. the a(0) became sexually mature at the age of 2 years, and they fertilized with each ... | 2007 | 17901933 |
| xenogenesis in teleost fish through generation of germ-line chimeras by single primordial germ cell transplantation. | primordial germ cells (pgcs) are the only cells in developing embryos with the potential to transmit genetic information to the next generation. pgcs therefore have the potential to be of value for gene banking and cryopreservation, particularly via the production of donor gametes with germ-line chimeras. currently, it is not clear how many pgcs are required for germ-line differentiation and formation of gonadal structures. in the present study, we achieved complete germ-line replacement between ... | 2008 | 17901077 |
| in vivo genotoxicity of mercury chloride and lead acetate: micronucleus test on acridine orange stained fish cells. | the genotoxic effects of mercury chloride and lead acetate were evaluated in vivo using the micronucleus (mn) assay on acridine-orange (ao) stained peripheral blood erythrocytes, gill and fin epithelial cells of carassius auratus auratus. fish were exposed to three different concentrations of mercury chloride (mc) (1 microg/, 5 microg/l and 10 microg/l) and lead acetate (la) (10 microg/l, 50 microg/l and 100 microg/l) for 2, 4 and 6 days. a single dose of 5 mg/l cyclophosphamide was used as a po ... | 2008 | 17889980 |
| a noninvasive test of exposition to toxicants: quantitative analysis of cytochrome p4501a expression in fish scales. | elevated expression of cytochrome p4501a (cyp1a) is an established biomarker for exposition to a wide range of toxicants, particularly for dioxin and structurally similar compounds. expression of cyp1a usually is analyzed in internal organs, which involves dissection of the specimen. to avoid unnecessary animal killing, we present here an alternative method based on the monitoring of cyp1a expression in fish scales. using beta-naphthoflavone (bnf; 50 mg/kg body wt, intraperitoneal injection) as ... | 2007 | 17867895 |
| growth factors of lower vertebrates: characterization of goldfish (carassius auratus l.) macrophage colony-stimulating factor-1. | colony-stimulating factor-1 (csf-1) regulates mononuclear cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival. the functions of csf-1 are well documented in mammals; however, little is known about csf-1 biology in lower vertebrates. this is the first report on the identification and functional characterization of a fish csf-1 molecule expressed highly in the spleen and in phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-stimulated monocytes. goldfish csf-1 is a 199-amino acid protein that possesses the required cy ... | 2007 | 17827160 |
| perception of illusory surfaces and contours in goldfish. | goldfish (carassius auratus) were trained to discriminate triangles and squares using a two choice procedure. in the first experiment, three goldfish were trained with food reward on a black outline triangle on a white background, while a black outline square was shown for comparison. in transfer tests, a kanizsa triangle and a kanizsa square were presented, perceived by humans as an illusory triangle- or square-shaped surface of slightly higher brightness than the background. the choice behavio ... | 2007 | 17822573 |
| identification and characterisation of an androgen receptor from zebrafish danio rerio. | androgens play key roles in vertebrate sex differentiation, gonadal differentiation and sexual behaviour. the action of androgens is primarily mediated through androgen receptors (ars). the present study describes the isolation, sequencing and initial characterisation of an androgen receptor from zebrafish danio rerio. the predicted protein of 868 residues has an estimated calculated molecular weight of 96 kda. the amino acid sequence of the zebrafish ar (zfra) shows high homology with other ver ... | 2007 | 17698417 |