| host resistance models. | | 1995 | 7748603 |
| immunity to trichinella spiralis transferred by serum from vaccinated mice not protected by immunization. | serum antibody responses to infection with the intestinal helminth trichinella spiralis in mice remain at low levels for the first ten to 12 days, slowly increasing to high titres around day 20. it is thought that antibody, therefore, has a limited role in the primary immune response raised against this infection and this is confirmed by the inability of primary infection serum to transfer immunity adoptively. high-responder nih and low-responder b10 mice were vaccinated with t.spiralis antigen ... | 1995 | 7761112 |
| interleukin 1 beta induces the expression of interleukin 6 in rat intestinal smooth muscle cells. | the increased expression of several cytokines, including interleukin 6 (il-6), has recently been reported in a study of the longitudinal muscle and myenteric plexus layers of rat intestine following trichinella spiralis infection. however, the putative cellular sources and the mechanism underlying the induction of il-6 in these tissues are presently unknown. the aim of this study was to examine the ability of cultured smooth muscle cells from rat jejunum to produce il-6 messenger rna and protein ... | 1995 | 7768376 |
| immunodiagnosis of human trichinellosis and identification of specific antigen for trichinella spiralis. | crude antigens obtained from the infective stage larvae of trichinella spiralis were used in an elisa for detecting igg antibodies to t. spiralis in serum samples collected from three groups of individuals. the individuals of the first group were parasitologically confirmed trichinellosis patients, while those of group 2 were patients with other helminthiasis and group 3 were healthy, parasite-free individuals. the specificity of the assay was 96.8% when performed on sera of groups 2 and 3. cros ... | 1995 | 7797378 |
| characterization of a major surface-associated excretory-secretory antigen of trichinella spiralis larvae with antibodies to keyhole limpet haemocyanin. | a multi-subunit antigen (native m(r) > 200 kda, reduced m(r) 97-100 kda) has been identified in homogenates of trichinella spiralis larvae using affinity-purified rabbit anti-keyhole limpet haemocyanin (klh) antibodies and its cross-reactivity with klh was confirmed by competition blotting. the antigen was not present at the larval surface but was exposed after treatment of the larvae with the detergent cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (ctab) which removed the surface coat. this correlated with a ... | 1994 | 7800420 |
| impaired host resistance to trichinella spiralis as a consequence of prenatal treatment of rats with diazepam. | in utero exposure of long evans rats to low dosages of diazepam has previously been found to result in depression of cellular and humoral immune responses until adulthood, with marked changes in cytokine release by splenocytes and splenic macrophages. in order to assess the significance of these alterations in immune cells with regard to host resistance, we investigated the resistance of adult offspring towards trichinella spiralis. time-pregnant rats were treated with diazepam (1.25 mg/kg/day) ... | 1994 | 7801325 |
| cytokine profile of protective anti-trichinella spiralis cd4+ ox22- and non-protective cd4+ ox22+ thoracic duct cells in rats: secretion of il-4 alone does not determine protective capacity. | we analysed the cytokine profile of a t cell subset (cd4+ cd45 rc-) that confers protection against trichinella spiralis infection in rats. these cd4+ cells are generated in the gut and appear in the thoracic duct lymph within 72 h after infection. cytokine mrna levels for il-2, il-3, il-4, il-5, il-10 and ifn-gamma and functional cytokine secretion for il-4, il-5, ifn-gamma, tnf-alpha and mast cell differentiation activity were tested in vitro following stimulation with t. spiralis antigens. co ... | 1994 | 7808764 |
| [a comparative electrophoretic analysis of the isoenzymes in "reference" and natural strains of trichinella]. | in four enzymes among eight ones examined the differences were revealed in the intensity of staining of certain zones (g-6-p, es) as well as in electrophoretic mobility of some loci (pgd, rgm) between the capsule forms of trichinellae and trichinella pseudospiralis. as a result, the validity of isolation of t. pseudospiralis garkavi, 1972 is confirmed. | 1994 | 7816504 |
| biochemical investigations of the dynamics of proteinase activity at different stages of trichinellosis in mice. | in the literature available hitherto there are many reports on enzymatic changes in tissues and a correlated rise in enzymatic activity in blood serum during experimental and human trichinellosis. in this study we were characterised proteinase activity in crude extracts from muscles of mice infected with trichinella spiralis and t. pseudospiralis and the dynamics of their changes in different stages of disease. the activity of proteinase in muscle of mice infected with t. spiralis showed an incr ... | 1994 | 7831926 |
| parasitological appraisal of tfx-thymomodulin effect on the course of intestinal and muscular invasion in mice infected with trichinella spiralis. | studies were undertaken to evaluate by parasitological techniques the course of intestinal and muscular invasions in mice infected with trichinella spiralis and treated with tfx-thymomodulin (tfx-th). studies were conducted on 120 mice of balb/c and swiss strains, infected each with a mean invasive dose of 300 t. spiralis larvae. tfx-th (thymoorgan gmbh pharmazie co. kg, vienenburg, germany) was administered subcutaneously at 30 mg/kg body weight. depending upon duration of tfx-th administration ... | 1994 | 7831927 |
| cd4+ and cd8+ cells in mice infected with trichinella spiralis and treated with cyclosporine a. | the mice infected with 200 trichinella spiralis larvae were injected intraperitoneally with cyclosporine a (cya) between 14-18 days post infection (dpi). the drug was administered in a dosis of 50 mg/kg/day. the animals were killed at 21, 28, 35, 42 and 60 dpi and the fragments of spleen, mesenteric lymph node, jejunum and musculus masseter were sectioned in a cryostat and fixed in acetone. the slides were examined with monoclonal sera by the immunofluorescent or immunoenzymatic method. it was f ... | 1994 | 7831928 |
| contribution of muscle cell to formation of the capsule around trichinella spiralis larva. ultrastructural studies. | in electron microscopic studies on structure of the capsule surrounding trichinella spiralis larva the techniques have been employed which permit demonstration of proteoglycans and collagen fibers at various stages of their formation, i.e. fixation in tannic acid and staining reaction with ruthenium red. the muscle cell has been demonstrated to produce both collagen fibers and glycoproteins plus proteoglycans. the products formed inner part of the capsule, separated from the outer part by the ba ... | 1994 | 7831930 |
| focus of trichinellosis and factors determining its mild clinical course. | present study aimed at analysing the set of epidemiologic, clinical and serological data in appraisal of trichinellosis focus in little town s., near poznań. it was stressed, that parasitic testing of the consumed meat associated with biological appraisal of trichinella spiralis represent valuable criteria, which are helpful in interpretation mild clinical signs and symptoms, serological data and in establishing management of patients. | 1994 | 7831931 |
| immune response profiles in vaccinated and non-vaccinated high- and low-responder mice during infection with the intestinal nematode trichinella spiralis. | nih and c57 bl/10 (b10) mice show genetically determined differences in their response to trichinella spiralis infection. this study examines the influence of these on parameters of the immune response to infection after vaccination using muscle-larval excretory-secretory antigen in freund's complete adjuvant. serum antibody levels were greatly elevated when mice of both strains were vaccinated prior to infection; however, nih produced significantly higher-level antibody responses than b10. vacc ... | 1995 | 7845715 |
| failure to detect trichinella spiralis p43 in isolated host nuclei and in irradiated larvae of infected muscle cells which express the infected cell phenotype. | infection by trichinella spiralis induces host muscle cells to become repositioned within the cell cycle and to lose differentiated skeletal muscle characteristics. antibodies to a 43-kda excretory-secretory (es) protein (p43) also bind to infected host cell nuclei. neither the identity of these nuclear antigens nor their role in inducing the infected cell phenotype is known. to address these issues, infected cell nuclei were isolated and nuclear antigens analyzed with several antibody preparati ... | 1994 | 7870127 |
| immunodiagnosis of trichinellosis: efficacy of somatic antigen in early detection of human trichinellosis. | crude antigens prepared from the infective stage larvae of trichinella spiralis were used for antibody detection by indirect elisa and western blotting in serum samples taken from trichinellosis patients and from normal, parasite-free controls. the serum specimens were collected from acute ill, symptomatic patients on the first day of treatment (day 0), and then two months (m2) and 4 months (m4) later. the sensitivities of the indirect elisa and western blotting on day 0 were 81% and 92%, respec ... | 1994 | 7872991 |
| immune killing of newborn trichinella larvae by human leucocytes. | the capacity of human leucocytes from normal donors to kill the newborn larvae of the nematode trichinella spiralis in vitro, in the presence of serum from infected individuals, was studied using newborn larvae (nbl) less than 2 h of age or nbl that had been maintained in culture at 37 degrees c for 20 h. neutrophils and monocytes attached to newborn trichinella larvae and killed them, regardless of their age. when eosinophils were used, 20 h old nbl were killed whereas 2 h old nbl were not. com ... | 1993 | 7877832 |
| glycans as targets for monoclonal antibodies that protect rats against trichinella spiralis. | we have investigated the role of glycans on trichinella spiralis antigens in recognition by rat monoclonal antibodies (mabs) which protect rat pups against challenge with the parasite. in pups born to infected dams or pups passively immunized with mabs, antibodies eliminate a challenge dose from the intestine within hours ('rapid expulsion'). because such dramatic protection can be afforded by mabs, we have sought to characterize the parasite antigens they target. in this report we show that pro ... | 1994 | 7881172 |
| novel tyvelose-containing tri- and tetra-antennary n-glycans in the immunodominant antigens of the intracellular parasite trichinella spiralis. | the larval stage of the intestinal nematode, trichinella spiralis, secretes and displays on its cuticle a number of antigenically cross-reactive glycoproteins. these so-called tsl-1 antigens induce a powerful antibody response in parasitized animals. in rats, anti-tsl-1 antibodies mediate a protective immunity that expels invading larvae from the intestine. the vast majority of anti-tsl-1 antibodies are specific for glycans. although the biological functions of tsl-1 antigens are not known, the ... | 1994 | 7881173 |
| mast cell-mediated colonic immune function and its inhibition by dietary aspirin in mice infected with trichinella spiralis. | because of the integrated nature of cellular elements in the gut wall, an understanding of the local mucosal immune system and its adaptive capacity should provide more insight into diseases of the colon, such as inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer. to develop a method to quantify colonic mucosal immune function in situ, ion transport mediated by a type i hypersensitivity reaction was measured in the colon of mice infected with trichinella spiralis. segments of sensitized distal col ... | 1994 | 7920013 |
| synergism between interleukins 1 beta and 6 on noradrenergic nerves in rat myenteric plexus. | because levels of interleukins 1 beta and 6 (il-1 beta and il-6) are elevated during intestinal trichinella spiralis infection, they may mediate the changes in enteric neural function in that model. il-1 beta suppresses norepinephrine release from the myenteric plexus, but the effect of il-6 is unknown. therefore, we investigated the effects of il-6 alone and in combination with il-1 beta on norepinephrine release. | 1994 | 7926489 |
| vaccination against the nematode trichinella spiralis in high- and low-responder mice. effects of different adjuvants upon protective immunity and immune responsiveness. | groups of nih and c57bl/10 (b10) mice were vaccinated subcutaneously with excretory/secretory material from the nematode parasite trichinella spiralis using a variety of different adjuvants, i.e. complete freund's adjuvant (cfa), 'titermax', alum and iscoms. iscoms were also given orally. nih mice, known to be rapid responders to t. spiralis, expelled their worms earlier than usual with vaccination. the slow-responder b10 mice did not expel worms any earlier, no matter which adjuvant was used. t ... | 1994 | 7927498 |
| [the dynamic cellular composition of peyer's patches in mice with an experimental trichinella spiralis infection]. | the morphological study of peyer's patches of mice during experimental t spiralis infection has revealed a dual-frequency of the response of small intestinal lymphoid tissue to the helminth. activation of peyer's patches was seen early in the intestinal and muscular phases of invasion. | 1994 | 7935185 |
| structural analysis of a phosphorylcholine-binding antibody which exhibits a unique carrier specificity for trichinella spiralis. | a phosphorylcholine (pc)-binding igg (mab2) antibody produced by a hybridoma derived from a balb/c mouse which had been immunized against trichinella spiralis was found to bind to the immunizing antigen (tsc) but not to other pc-associated antigens such as pneumococcal antigen (pnc) and pc-conjugated ovalbumin (pc-ova). sequence analysis of the protein revealed the presence of a heavy chain (vh) which was very similar (differing in only four amino acids) to that of the m511 myeloma protein, and ... | 1994 | 7935500 |
| minimal immunological changes in structurally malformed rats after prenatal exposure to cyclophosphamide. | in order to compare the sensitivities of morphological and immunological parameters in a teratology study, effects in day 20 rat fetuses were studied after a single exposure to the immunosuppressive cytostatic agent cyclophosphamide (cp) on either day 11 or day 15 of gestation. teratological methods included evaluation of external and skeletal morphology. furthermore histology, immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry were performed on fetal thymus, liver and spleen. immune function was assayed u ... | 1994 | 7940567 |
| a study on the predilection sites of trichinella spiralis muscle larvae in experimentally infected foxes (alopex lagopus, vulpes vulpes). | studies were carried out on the predilection sites of trichinella spiralis muscle larvae in experimentally infected arctic foxes (alopex lagopus) and silver foxes (vulpes vulpes) reared in cages. the highest number of larvae per gram tissue was found in the muscles of the legs, eyes, diaphragm, and tongue. the 2 fox species showed no significant differences with regard to predilection sites. | 1994 | 7942377 |
| early stages of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced colon carcinogenesis suppress immune-regulated ion transport of mouse distal colon. | genetic events, such as gene deletion, mutation, and amplification, are involved in the development and progression of colonic neoplasia. the importance of interactions between immune cells and neoplastic cells in influencing the pathogenesis of colon cancer is suggested by the clinical efficacy of levamisole, an immunostimulant, in the treatment of colon cancer and by the association of local lymphocytic infiltration with improved prognosis. thus, the immune cell-neoplastic cell interaction can ... | 1994 | 7954425 |
| [the helminth fauna of red foxes (vulpes vulpes linne 1758) in the administrative district of karlsruhe. 2. nematodes]. | between february 1989 and january 1990 a total of 801 foxes were examined for the presence of nematodes in the stomach and the small intestine and 835 foxes for the presence of trichinella spiralis larvae. the animals came from the german federal administration area of karlsruhe. the following nematodes in order of frequency were found: toxocara canis (30.2%), uncinaria stenocephala (24.3%), toxascaris leonina (2.0%) and ancyclostoma caninum (1.1%). the investigation of the muscles of all animal ... | 1994 | 7956813 |
| evidence for an interleukin 4-inducible immunoglobulin e uptake and transport mechanism in the intestine. | immunoglobulin (ig) e is the principal ig involved in immediate hypersensitivities and chronic allergic diseases such as asthma. helminths are the most potent infectious agents known for their capacity to stimulate ige production during the course of infection. in rats, the nematode trichinella spiralis typically elicits a strong parasite-specific ige response during infection, and this ige antibody has been shown to be protective against the parasite in passive transfer experiments. the study r ... | 1994 | 7964461 |
| trichinosis of the lateral pterygoid muscle. | | 1994 | 7970583 |
| [current aspects of trichinosis diagnosis]. | an important approach to the study of trichinellosis is the development of sensitive diagnostic methods that allow the detection of trichinella spiralis. recently, elisa assays that use surface/stichosome and/or secretion/excretion antigens from muscle larvae have been proved to be highly sensitive and specific in the diagnosis of the infection. furthermore, the high immunodominance of carbohydrate residues on these molecules in a broad host range make them useful diagnostic markers for trichine ... | 1994 | 7973180 |
| a western blot and elisa assay for the diagnosis of taenia solium infection in pigs. | an enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot (eitb) was developed using soluble taenia solium metacestode antigen preparation for immunodiagnosis of porcine cysticercosis and compared with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). sera from 20 pigs with parasitologically confirmed cysticercosis were tested by both eitb and elisa assays. specificity of the tests was examined by testing 25 serum samples from the uk, where cysticercosis is not endemic and sera from pigs with echinococcus granulo ... | 1994 | 7975116 |
| [effect of cyclosporin a on the course of the muscular phase of trichinellosis in mice]. | the authors tried to determine the role of th lymphocytes in the course of muscular trichinellosis in mice. the investigations were carried out on the cfw mice infected with 200 trichinella spiralis larvae and treated with cyclosporine a to suppress th1 lymphocytes. in animals treated with the drug more numerous cells inside the larval capsules and more numerous granulomas compared to control were seen. at the same time the mean number of larvae was lower (69.2%) than in control. the results sho ... | 1994 | 7975651 |
| trichinosis: infrequent diagnosis or frequent misdiagnosis? | trichinosis, a disease of wild and domestic animals caused by the nematode trichinella spiralis, is an infrequently diagnosed infection in human beings. we present the case of a 33-year-old man with trichinosis whose diagnosis was complicated by the presence of maxillary sinusitis. | 1994 | 7978576 |
| [pulmonary echinococcosis, hepatic opisthorchiasis and generalized trichinelliasis combined with pregnancy]. | a case is reported of a spontaneous abortion (25 weeks of gestation) in a nenets woman resulting in thrombohemorrhagic syndrome and profuse uterine bleeding. the abortion is attributed to drastic allergization by three parasites: echinococcus granulosus, opisthorchis felineus, trichinella spiralis. | 1993 | 7980070 |
| cloning and high level expression of gene encoding es antigen from trichinella spiralis muscle larvae. | the partial structure gene encoding es antigen derived from trichinella spiralis (tsp) muscle larvae was cloned, characterized, and expressed in e. coli. the target dna (0.7 kb) was directly obtained from the tsp total rna by using rna pcr technique. based on the analysis with the re digestion, the fragment was cloned into the fusion expression vector pex31c. it was shown that a kind of 37kda fusion protein was expressed in e. coli containing the recombinant plasmid by sds-page electrophoresis. ... | 1994 | 7993968 |
| an antigenic recombinant fusion protein from trichinella spiralis induces a protective response in balb/c mice. | a previously reported recombinant lambda ts39 fusion protein (fp) derived from trichinella spiralis larvae was purified by affinity chromatography using an anti-beta-galactosidase antibody conjugated column and the effect of fp on induction of a protective response in mice was studied. balb/c mice were injected three times at weekly intervals with fp emulsified in an equal volume of freund's complete adjuvant and one week after the last injection mice were each challenged with a lethal dose of 1 ... | 1994 | 8006393 |
| lymphocyte proliferation and cytokine production in mice infected with different geographical isolates of trichinella spiralis. | antigen-specific proliferative responses and cytokine production were measured in lymphocytes taken from inbred nih mice infected with different isolates of trichinella spiralis. stimulation with muscle larval homogenate antigen produced high proliferative responses, cells responding more strongly to antigen from one isolate (london-l) than to antigens of the other two isolates (spanish-s and polish-p). antigen from the p-isolate elicited relatively poor responses. there was considerable, althou ... | 1994 | 8015853 |
| lymphocyte, antibody and cytokine responses during concurrent infections between helminths that selectively promote t-helper-1 or t-helper-2 activity. | the influence of trichinella spiralis on infections with trichuris muris was studied in non-responder b10.br mice. mice infected only with t. muris were unable to expel parasites and had many adult worms 35 days later. infection with 300 larvae of t. spiralis, given seven or 14 (but not 28) days after t. muris, enabled mice to expel up to 90% of t. muris; expulsion of t. spiralis was not altered. concurrently infected mice produced less t. muris-specific igg2a antibody than mice infected with t. ... | 1994 | 8015854 |
| induction of t lymphocyte subsets and levels of interleukin-2 and interleukin-3 after infection with trichinella spiralis are similar in mice of high- and low-responder phenotypes. | various aspects of t lymphocyte responses in mice with high- and low-responder phenotypes to infection with the nematode trichinella spiralis were compared. mesenteric lymph node cells (mlnc) from infected nih strain mice (high-responder) showed a much higher level of proliferation in response to parasite antigen than mlnc from infected c57.b10 mice (low-responder). levels of cd4+ and cd8+ t lymphocytes in the mln remained relatively constant in both strains, ruling out the possibility that the ... | 1994 | 8021099 |
| resistance of the hookworms ancylostoma ceylanicum and necator americanus to intestinal inflammatory responses induced by heterologous infection. | experiments were carried out to ascertain whether the acute inflammatory phase of the intestinal response of hamsters to infection with trichinella spiralis would adversely affect hookworms in concurrently infected animals. the survival and growth of hookworms were unaffected. however, the presence of hookworms reduced the establishment of t. spiralis, the initial growth of female worms and their fecundity. the expulsion of t. spiralis was also significantly slower in concurrently infected anima ... | 1994 | 8021111 |
| trichinella spiralis: recovery of newborn larvae from cardiac tissues. | newborn larvae (nl) of trichinella spiralis in cardiac tissues were recovered by incubating cardiac tissue blocks of mice and gerbils infected with t. spiralis in rpmi- 1640 medium supplemented with antibiotics and 5% fcs for 24 h in a humidified atmosphere of 5% co2 in air at 37 degrees c. this technique is effective for the recovery of migrating nl in visceral tissues which are en route to skeletal muscles, and may help to clarify the involvement of nl in the pathogenesis of cardiac or cerebra ... | 1994 | 8026906 |
| uv-b exposure impairs resistance to infection by trichinella spiralis. | to assess the possibility that increases in uv-b exposure on the earth's surface could lead to impaired resistance to several infectious diseases, we studied the effect of uv-b exposure on resistance against trichinella spiralis. wistar rats, orally infected with t. spiralis larvae, were exposed to suberythemal doses of uv-b radiation daily for 5 days at different time periods before or after infection. a significant increase in the number of trichinella larvae was found in the carcasses of rats ... | 1994 | 8033870 |
| trichinella pseudospiralis in humans: description of a case and its treatment. | the first known human case of trichinella pseudospiralis myositis is described. a 33 years old woman reported 5 years of relatively mild symptoms of tiredness, muscle fatigue and muscle pain after exercise. she had minimal proximal weakness. creatinine kinase was significantly elevated, and muscle biopsy showed polymyositis and trichinella larvae. steroid treatment dramatically worsened the weakness. treatment with albendazole led to complete resolution of symptoms and laboratory abnormalities. ... | 1994 | 8036673 |
| effect of maternal ethanol consumption on in vitro tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-6 and interleukin-2 production by rat milk and blood leukocytes. | it has been shown that the transfer of immunity via lactation plays an important role in providing early protection to the neonate. maternal ethanol consumption also results in a reduced transfer of immunity to their neonates against a trichinella spiralis infection. because of the known presence of cytokines in milk and their important role in inflammation, we tested the effects of maternal ethanol consumption on cytokine production by milk and blood cells from t. spiralis-infected rats. with t ... | 1994 | 8048745 |
| relationships between the anthelmintic activity of eight derivatives of benzimidazole carbamates against trichinella spiralis and their chemical structures. | efficacy of eight recently developed and used anthelmintics of the benzimidazole carbamates; mebendazole, flubendazole, oxfendazole, albendazole, oxibendazole, 790163 proflubendazole, 780118 "cyanide" benzimidazole and 780120 "selenium" benzimidazole was tested orally against the enteral immature larval and adult stages of trichinella spiralis in mice. six of these derivatives of methyl benzimidazole-2-carbamates have an aryl and two have an alkyl substituent at the 5'-position of the parent ben ... | 1993 | 8051807 |
| the effect of trichinella spiralis and trichinella pseudospiralis on the mechanical properties of mammalian diaphragm muscle. | the isometric mechanical properties of diaphragm muscle were studied in mice infected with either trichinella spiralis or trichinella pseudospiralis. measurements of muscle stress were taken at 15, 20, 30 and 40 days post-infection. infected diaphragm muscle showed a significant (p < 0.001) reduction in muscle stress during both twitch and tetanic contractions when compared with muscle from control animals. t. spiralis caused a significant reduction in resistance to muscle fatigue. the consequen ... | 1994 | 8058363 |
| antigens of adults and third-stage larvae of the meningeal worm, parelaphostrongylus tenuis (nematoda, metastrongyloidea). | we studied the antigens of adults and third-stage larvae of the meningeal worm, parelaphostrongylus tenuis, in an attempt to identify potential serodiagnostic molecules for this important infection of wild ungulates. soluble extracts of p. tenuis adult worms and third-stage larvae were separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page) and two-dimensional (2d) electrophoresis and analyzed by immunoblotting using purified rabbit anti-p. tenuis immunoglobulin g (igg) ... | 1994 | 8068755 |
| [preparation of membrane proteins of trichinella spiralis larva and application of them in detection with elisa]. | membrane proteins of muscle larva of trichinella spiralis (t.s) were isolated by using the non-ionic detergent triton x-114. at least fourteen components in the membrane proteins were separated with sds-page and then silver nitrate stain. the bands of them were located between 99-18kd mw level. the mw of chief bands were 94, 90, 47, 32 and 28kd. the sensitivity and specificity of these proteins were determined with elisa. they didn't cross react with sera of rabbits infected with toxocara canis ... | 1994 | 8070772 |
| immunocytochemical localization of antigens in adult worms of trichinella spiralis recognized by fischer rats. | we demonstrate the tissue localization, in adult trichinella spiralis, of antigens recognized by fischer rat sera at 32 weeks postinfection. immunodominant antigens were located in a wide variety of tissues, including type 1 stichocyte granules, stichocyte cytoplasm, the canalicular tree, hemolymph, hypodermis, hypodermal glands, cord cytoplasm, intestinal-gland cell granules, membranous structures in the midgut epithelium, midgut-occupying substance, brush border, hindgut epithelial cytoplasm, ... | 1994 | 8073014 |
| expression of cytokines in the longitudinal muscle myenteric plexus of the inflamed intestine of rat. | trichinella spiralis infection in the rat produces mucosal injury and inflammation and causes changes in muscle function and neurotransmitter release in the longitudinal muscle myenteric plexus (lmmp). whether these changes in lmmp reflect the production of inflammatory mediators in the lmmp remains unknown. the objective of this study was to investigate the profile of interleukins (il) 1-alpha, 1-beta, and 6 and tumor necrosis factor (tnf) alpha in the lmmp of infected rats. because muscle chan ... | 1994 | 8076755 |
| immunization against experimental trichinosis using t. spiralis larvae and hydatid fluid antigens. | immunization of mice against t. spiralis infection using t. spiralis larval glycoproteins as homogenous antigen and crude hydatid fluid as heterogenous antigen showed a marked reduction in larvae burden and a significant rise of serum ige in immunized mice infected with t. spiralis larvae as compared with control group. more reduction was observed with immunization with homogenous t. spiralis larval antigen compared with heterogenous hydatid fluid antigen. the reduction in larval burden with ris ... | 1994 | 8077753 |
| humoral and cellular immune responses in experimental trichinosis. | this work was designed to study the relation between cellular and humoral immune responses in experimentally infected albino rats with t. spiralis larvae over a period of four weeks. cell-mediated immune response (measured by lymphoblast transformation test) revealed a marked lymphoblast response during the intestinal phase, but the reaction became irregular with larval encystation in muscles. humoral immune response was estimated by both of micro-and dot-elisa techniques. it was obvious that si ... | 1994 | 8077756 |
| molecular variation in trichinella. | the taxonomic status of variants within the genus trichinella is problematical. some authors recognise no fewer than four species (trichinella spiralis, t. pseudospiralis, t. nativa and t. nelsoni), others regard t. nativa and t. nelsoni as strains of t. spiralis (t. spiralis var nativa or sylvatica), while others consider the genus to be monospecific, with a variety of more or less well defined isolates. much of the current evidence adduced to support these various positions is similar to that ... | 1993 | 8100678 |
| in vitamin a deficiency multiple mechanisms establish a regulatory t helper cell imbalance with excess th1 and insufficient th2 function. | in hypovitaminosis a, ab-mediated immunity is severely impaired. we reported that trichinella spiralis infection stimulates a strong th2 cell response in control mice but in vitamin a-deficient mice it stimulates a strong th1 cell response. here we investigated the immunobiologic mechanisms underlying this shift from a th2- to a th1-dominated response. a kinetic analysis showed that the th1 cells developed first and ifn-gamma secretion predominated in deficient mice, whereas the th2 cells develo ... | 1994 | 8120366 |
| [2 outbreaks of trichinelliasis in rostov province]. | two epidemiologically unrelated outbreaks of trichinellosis were registered in rostov province in the november and december of 1984 with 16 patients in the salsk district and 20 patients in rostov-on-don. the course of the disease was characterized by 6-20% of severe and 31-45% moderate forms, respectively. the source of the infection was pork that had not been controlled for trichinella spiralis. late diagnosis and inadequate treatment in one case led to a fatal outcome. economic losses account ... | 1993 | 8127264 |
| assessment of host resistance to trichinella spiralis in mice following preinfection exposure to 2,3,7,8-tcdd. | 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (tcdd) has been reported to decrease host resistance to a variety of infectious agents when exposure occurs prior to infection. resistance to viral infection has been observed at doses as low as 0.1 microgram tcdd/kg body wt, well below the thymolytic dose in mice. in the present study, female b6c3f1 mice were exposed to a single intraperitoneal injection of 0, 0.1, 1.0, 10.0, or 30.0 micrograms tcdd/kg 7 days prior to infection to determine the effects of tcd ... | 1994 | 8128497 |
| interactions between infections with eimeria spp. and trichinella spiralis in inbred mice. | parasitological and immunological interactions between eimeria vermiformis or e. pragensis and trichinella spiralis were investigated during concurrent infections in nih, balb/c and b10.g inbred mice. the establishment of t. spiralis was unaffected by the presence of either coccidium, but expulsion of adult worms was delayed significantly in mice infected with e. vermiformis; e. pragensis did not have this effect. replication of e. vermiformis was enhanced in concurrent infections with t. spiral ... | 1994 | 8152857 |
| changes in host muscles induced by excretory/secretory products of larval trichinella spiralis and trichinella pseudospiralis. | excretory/secretory (es) products obtained by in vitro culture of infective-stage larvae of trichinella spiralis and t. pseudospiralis were injected intramuscularly at various intervals into mice. mini-osmotic pumps containing t. spiralis es products were also implanted subcutaneously and intraperitoneally into rats. the introduction of es materials into muscles elicited extensive lesions which included dissolution of myofibres, mobilization of mononuclear and polymorphonuclear leucocytes, angio ... | 1994 | 8159465 |
| trichinella spiralis: inhibition of muscle larva growth and development is associated with a delay in expression of infected skeletal muscle characteristics. | infection of skeletal muscle cells by trichinella spiralis induces host cells to reenter the cell cycle and these cells subsequently become persistently suspended in apparent g2/m. to investigate the role of the parasite in this process, parasite growth and development within the infected cell was inhibited by irradiation of newborn larvae (48 and 80 krad) prior to infection of host muscle cells. although larvae entered skeletal muscle cells, irradiation inhibited their subsequent growth and sti ... | 1994 | 8162963 |
| in vitro tnf, il-6 and il-2 production by rat milk cells following trichinella spiralis infection. | trichinella spiralis-specific immunity can be transferred from immune mothers to suckling neonates via lactation, suggesting that milk from immune dams contains specific factors to t. spiralis. tnf and il-6 are important cytokines in inflammatory processes, and il-2 is essential in lymphocyte activation. using cell line bioassays, we examined the capacity of rat milk mononuclear cells from immune and non-immune control dams to produce these cytokines following in vitro stimulation with mitogens ... | 1993 | 8164194 |
| transgene-encoded antiphosphorylcholine (t15+) antibodies protect cba/n (xid) mice against infection with streptococcus pneumoniae but not trichinella spiralis. | immunodeficient cba/n (xid) mice are highly susceptible to streptococcus pneumoniae infection. previous studies indicated that this susceptibility may be attributed to the lack of antibodies to phosphorylcholine (pc) in the circulation of these animals. we now provide direct proof that when these mice are genetically manipulated to produce significant amounts of circulating anti-pc immunoglobulin g antibodies of the t15 idiotype, they can be protected against a lethal challenge with s. pneumonia ... | 1994 | 8168926 |
| [comparison of numbers of active lymphocytes b in spleen of mice infected with trichinella pseudospiralis or trichinella spiralis]. | the experiments were performed on balb/c mice (male, 20 g body weight). the mice were infected 23 days before the experiment by peroral application of about 100 trichinella larves. control group consisted of not infected mice. the number of lymphocytes b producing antibodies was determined according to cunningham and szenberg. five days before performance of the test, all mice were immunized by peritoneal application of sheep erythrocyte suspension. after that the mice were sacrificed, spleen wa ... | 1993 | 8189819 |
| contractile characteristics of the flexor muscle of mice infected with trichinella spiralis, t. nativa or t. pseudospiralis. | a comparative analysis of skeletal muscle isometric contractile characteristics was performed in vivo on the flexor muscle of mice infected 6 mo earlier with 400 larvae of trichinella pseudospiralis, trichinella spiralis, or trichinella nativa. the control group consisted of age- and sex-matched uninfected mice. the mice were injected with 0.1 ml of 50% urethane in saline, and the skin of the left hind limb was cut open longitudinally. the exposed flexor muscle was freed from the adjacent tissue ... | 1994 | 8195936 |
| helminths of the black bear, ursus americanus, in new brunswick. | between may 1989 and october 1991, 544 black bears ursus americanus were collected in new brunswick and examined for trichinella spiralis larvae. in addition, 110 of these bears were examined for filarial nematodes, and the entire intestinal tracts of 12 bears were examined for intestinal helminths. four species of helminths were identified from these bears, including trichinella spiralis, dirofilaria ursi, baylisascaris transfuga, and taenia krabbei. this represents the first documentation of t ... | 1994 | 8195953 |
| effects of uv-b on the resistance against infectious diseases. | it is known that ultraviolet-b light (uv-b) affects human health. in addition to deleterious effects on the skin and the eyes, such as erythema, photoageing, keratitis and cataract, uv-b is also able to impair the resistance against skin-associated tumours and infections. our data implicate that uv-b can impair the resistance against certain non-skin-associated infections in rats, such as listeria monocytogenes, trichinella spiralis and ratcytomegalovirus (rcmv). rats, infected with t. spiralis, ... | 1994 | 8202953 |
| suppression by trypanosoma brucei of anaphylaxis-mediated ion transport in the small intestine of rats. | the hypothesis that failure of hosts infected with trypanosoma brucei to express type 1 hypersensitivity is related to this parasite's ability to down-regulate ige production, and not to an innate lack of allergenicity of t. brucei antigens, was tested by studying anaphylaxis-induced changes in net epithelial ion transport in rats. transport changes were quantified electrophysiologically in vitro, as a change in transmural short-circuit current when sensitized intestine was challenged with homol ... | 1994 | 8206518 |
| immune responses to trichinella spiralis and t. pseudospiralis in mice. | a comparison was made of the immunological responses of inbred nih mice to the intestinal stage of infection with two species of the genus trichinella, t. spiralis and t. pseudospiralis, which are known to have distinct parasitological and pathological relationships with their hosts. the parameters studied, namely antigen-specific igg1 and igg2a antibody responses, mucosal mastocytosis, and levels of the cytokines interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) and interleukin-5 (il-5) produced by concanavalin a-p ... | 1994 | 8206519 |
| treatment of experimentally induced trichinosis in dogs and cats. | studies were undertaken to determine the efficacy of milbemycin oxime against the enteric adult stages of trichinella spiralis and of albendazole against the muscle stage larvae in experimentally infected dogs and cats. specific-pathogen-free beagle pups (n = 6) and domestic shorthair kittens (n = 6) were inoculated with 7,500 first-stage larvae of trichinella spiralis. physical examination (including collection of blood and fecal samples) was performed weekly. during the first week after inocul ... | 1993 | 8214900 |
| dynamics of rat muscle mitochondria uncoupling in trichinellosis. | parallel oxygraphic measurements of respiratory control index (rci) and spectroscopic measurements of the activity of two mitochondrial enzymes from rat muscle, mtatpase and succinate dehydrogenase were performed. in trichinella spiralis infection, in comparison with trichinella pseudospiralis infection, a delayed stimulation of mtatpase in 3rd week p.i. was observed and the degree of stimulation was weaker. a second peak of mtatpase stimulation appeared at the beginning of the encystation phase ... | 1993 | 8225761 |
| human humoral immune responses against trichinella spiralis. | the analysis of trichinellosis patients' sera was performed by western blot against a crude extract of trichinella spiralis. eight distinctive bands from 38 to 104 kda were present in most of the patients' sera as a striking homogeneous response. some of these characteristic bands were found to be recognized by the serum of infected rodents and of an immunized rabbit in this work, and have also been reported to be recognized by monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies from t. spiralis infected or im ... | 1993 | 8225769 |
| vaccination against trichinella spiralis in mice using antigens from different isolates. | antigen preparations from three isolates of trichinella spiralis (sensu-stricto) have been tested for their ability to immunize mice against homologous and heterologous challenge infections. immunization was measured by accelerated expulsion of adult worms, reduction in female worm fecundity, stunting of growth, and level of antibody responses before and after challenge. antigens of two isolates, from london (l) and poland (p), immunized effectively against homologous challenge, adult worm recov ... | 1993 | 8233594 |
| superoxide dismutase of trichinella spiralis and trichinella pseudospiralis larvae. | the aim of this study was to compare the in vitro and in vivo activities of superoxide dismutase, an enzyme acting against free-radicals, in trichinella spiralis and t. pseudospiralis isolates. in vitro, the activity of the superoxide dismutase in t. pseudospiralis was determined to be about two times higher than in t. spiralis. only one band representing superoxide dismutase was found by electrophoretic analysis. in vivo, in muscles infected with t. spiralis, a strong histochemical reaction in ... | 1993 | 8256096 |
| characterization of novel fucosyl- and tyvelosyl-containing glycoconjugates from trichinella spiralis muscle stage larvae. | the monosaccharide composition of an affinity-purified family of antigenically-related trichinella spiralis larval glycoproteins was determined by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. this group of 6 major glycoproteins, designated tsl-1, originates in the muscle stage (l1) larval stichosome. they are present on the l1 surface and in excretory/secretory products of l1 larvae, are stage-specific, and are highly immunodominant. the glycosyl composition of the tsl-1 antigens was remarkable in 2 re ... | 1993 | 8259130 |
| serosurvey of some major zoonotic infections in children and teenagers in bali, indonesia. | one hundred and ninety serum samples, mainly from children and teenagers, from northeast bali were tested for the presence of antibodies against five zoonotic agents: brucella abortus, coxiella burnetii, toxoplasma gondii, toxocara canis and trichinella spiralis. all children were negative for brucellosis and q fever. a high prevalence rate was found for toxocariasis (63.2%) and trichinosis (19.5%). antibody prevalence against t. gondii was found to be rather low (3.1%). to our knowledge, this i ... | 1993 | 8266236 |
| trichinosis: a prospective controlled study of patients ten years after acute infection. | the existence of chronic trichinosis as a disease entity is still a matter of debate. for 10 years after an outbreak of infection with trichinella spiralis, we conducted a prospective controlled study of the patients involved. at the termination of this investigation, we undertook clinical, biochemical, serological, immunologic, neuroradiological, radiological, and psychological studies of 128 originally infected persons and 16 controls. the categories of symptoms most often documented in person ... | 1993 | 8268344 |
| random amplified polymorphic dna technique for the identification of trichinella species. | the random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) technique was successfully used to produce genetic fingerprints distinguishing between trichinella spiralis and trichinella britovi. the same patterns were obtained from purified and crude dna preparations of pooled and single muscle larvae. rapd fingerprinting was applied to muscle larvae preserved under different conditions and recovered from different hosts. larvae recovered from fresh and frozen meat and stored at -20 degrees c for a long time or u ... | 1993 | 8278221 |
| effects of levamisole on ethanol-induced suppression of lactational immune transfer in rats. | maternal ethanol consumption in rats has been shown to inhibit lactational transfer of immunity to trichinella spiralis (t. spiralis) from dams to their neonates. the purpose of this study was to determine if this depressed immune transfer could be altered by treating the dams with a known immunostimulatory drug during pregnancy and lactation. groups of female rats were fed ethanol-containing or were pair-fed isocaloric control liquid diets for 30 days, infected orally with 1,000 t. spiralis lar ... | 1993 | 8279681 |
| preferential induction of il-4 is determined by the type and duration of antigenic stimulation. | the transition of lymphokine production from il-2 to il-4 was investigated with antigen-primed lymph node cells (lnc) by observing cytokine release following sequential cycles of antigen exposure in vitro. lnc from mice infected with nippostrongylus brasiliensis (nb), trichinella spiralis, or primed with giant ragweed pollen demonstrated a pattern of dominant il-2 production at 24 hr; however, there was a switch to predominantly il-4 production within 72 hr following the first cycle of in vitro ... | 1994 | 8287484 |
| biochemical characterisation of trichinella spiralis and t. pseudospiralis stichocyte antigens. | one and two dimensional western blots of trichinella spiralis and trichinella pseudospiralis extracts were probed with a monoclonal antibody (7c2c5) which recognizes molecules found in the stichocytes. three major antigens were revealed in excreted:secreted (e/s) preparations at approx mr 45, 53 & 60 x 10(3). the mr 45 x 10(3) molecule was the most abundant secreted antigen, on two dimensional analysis it resolved into many isoforms with a pi range 4.5-6.4 in t. spiralis and into four isoforms p ... | 1993 | 8298662 |
| identification of trichinella isolates from naturally infected stray dogs in egypt. | larvae of trichinella species recovered from the diaphragms of 2 stray dogs killed during a governmental antirabies campaign in cairo, egypt, were fed to white mice for production of adult worms and larvae for morphological and isoenzyme studies. comparisons were made with reference species of trichinella spiralis, trichinella nelsoni, trichinella nativa, and trichinella pseudospiralis. results indicated that the 2 trichinella specimens from the dogs were morphologically and biochemically identi ... | 1994 | 8308650 |
| influence of variation in host strain and parasite isolate on inflammatory and antibody responses to trichinella spiralis in mice. | variation in the immunogenicity of 3 isolates of trichinella spiralis was assessed by the parameters of adult worm recovery, mast cell, eosinophil and antibody responses in mice of defined response phenotype. the levels of the protective, inflammatory and immune responses induced by infection differed between the isolates. isolates showed considerable variation in the capacity to elicit mast cell and eosinophil responses. all induced increases in parasite-specific antibody, levels of total (igga ... | 1993 | 8316434 |
| [biological and parasitic variations in horses infested and reinfested by trichinella spiralis]. | seven mares were infected with 20,000 trichinella spiralis larvae; 2 of them were reinfected 22 wk later with the same amount of larvae. the course of infection in horses was assessed by serology (elisa), biochemistry (aldolase activity), parasitology and histopathology. in each animal, infection was followed by a significant rise in specific antibody titers culminating at 5-10 wk post-infection (pi) and decreasing thereafter. reinfection was followed by a slight rise in antibody levels. aldolas ... | 1993 | 8319006 |
| trichinella spiralis and the concept of niche. | trichinella spiralis is an intracellular parasite as both a larva and an adult. the first-stage larva lives in a modified portion of a skeletal muscle cell, the nurse cell, and can reside there for the life span of the host. adult worms occupy a nonmembrane-bound portion of columnar epithelium, living there as intramulticellular parasites. the newborn larva is the only nonintracellular stage, living free in the circulation. trichinella spiralis induces modifications in each of its intracellular ... | 1993 | 8331468 |
| trichinella spiralis: immunity, ecology, and evolution. | parasites exploit the environment provided by their hosts in the same way that free-living animals exploit their physical and biotic environments. there is, however, 1 important difference: the host environment can respond adaptively to infection in ways that may be disadvantageous to the parasite. immunity provides the most effective adaptive host response and exerts a major selective pressure in parasite evolution. among parasites many ways of maintaining the ability to exploit the host in the ... | 1993 | 8331470 |
| ultrastructural localization of the phosphorylcholine-associated antigen in trichinella spiralis. | two monoclonal antibodies that are specific for phosphorylcholine (pc) were used as probes in immunoelectron microscopy to locate the pc-associated antigen(s) in trichinella spiralis. this antigen was found to be present abundantly in various internal structures in the muscle larva and the adult worm, but it was virtually absent in the fetal/newborn larva. in the muscle larva, the major pool of pc was found in the inner layer of the body cuticle and in various organelles such as the "rapid-respo ... | 1993 | 8331481 |
| trichinella spiralis infection in pigs in the bolivian altiplano. | trichinella spiralis infection has been reported sporadically in several areas in central and south america. however, several countries, including bolivia, have not reported trichinellosis in animals or humans. a small survey of pigs slaughtered in an abattoir in bolivia was undertaken during september 1991, to determine the presence of trichinella spiralis. in a group of 100 pigs slaughtered consecutively on a single day and tested using the pooled digestion method, two of eight pools (25%) wer ... | 1993 | 8333140 |
| effects of maternal alcohol consumption on milk and blood lymphocytes and igg antibody levels from trichinella spiralis-infected rats. | immunity to the intestinal parasite trichinella spiralis can be transferred from the mother to the neonate during lactation. previous studies in our laboratory showed that the passage of immunity to pups from ethanol-treated dams was depressed. this study examined the effect of ethanol consumption during pregnancy and lactation on the t. spiralis-associated immune components in milk and blood. groups of female rats were fed either ethanol-containing or isocaloric liquid diets for 30 days before ... | 1993 | 8333580 |
| [the helminth fauna of wild boars of the west berlin forests]. | samples of muscles and internal organs obtained from 96 wild boars in the forests of west berlin between september 1989 and august 1990, were examined for helminths. nine nematode species, metastrongylus pudendotectus, m. salmi, m. confusus, m. apri, physocephalus sexalatus, ascarops strongylina, globocephalus urosubulatus, ascaris suum and trichuris suis belonging to five families could be found. larvae of toxocara spp. were isolated from most of the enzymatically digested samples of the gastro ... | 1993 | 8343108 |
| trichinella spiralis: genetic basis and kinetics of the anti-encysted muscle larval response in miniature swine. | primary-infected swine lymphocyte antigen (sla) inbred miniature swine, nih minipigs, of the slaa/a haplotype (aa) display markedly reduced trichinella spiralis-encysted muscle larval (ml) burdens 6 weeks after homologous challenge and are therefore referred to as responders against encysted t. spiralis ml. to investigate the kinetics and genetics of the anti-encysted ml response, and in an attempt to ascertain the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon, nih minipigs of multiple sla haplotypes, d ... | 1993 | 8344404 |
| synthesis and potential anthelmintic activity of methyl-5-(4-salicyloyl-piperazin-1-yl)-benzimidazole-2-carbamates. | a series of methyl-5-(4-salicyloyl-piperazin-1-yl)-benzimidazole-2-carba mates (ix) has been prepared. 5-(4-salicyloyl-piperazin-1-yl)-2-nitro anilines (vii) have been synthesized starting from 5-piperazino-2-nitro anilines and salicyloyl chlorides. catalytic reduction of vii with pd/c, followed by treatment with 1,3-dicarbomethoxy-s-methyl isothiourea, yielded the corresponding carbamates (ix), the anthelmintic activity of which was studied. compound ixa significantly reduced the numbers of pre ... | 1993 | 8352825 |
| rapid changes in the surface of parasitic nematodes during transition from pre- to post-parasitic forms. | all mammalian-parasitic stages of a range of nematode species investigated (brugia pahangi, acanthocheilonema viteae, strongyloides ratti, nippostrongylus brasiliensis, trichinella spiralis and ostertagia ostertagi) labelled in a surface-restricted manner with the fluorescent lipid analogues 5-n-(octadecanoyl)aminofluorescein (af18) or nitrobenzoxadiazole-cholesterol (nbd-chol), but failed to bind other similar probes. in contrast, the surfaces of the 'pre-parasitic' infective stages of these sp ... | 1993 | 8355993 |
| effects of small doses of dioxins on the immune system of marmosets and rats. | there is no doubt that tcdd is capable of inducing effects on a variety of components and functions of the immune system in a variety of species. in fact, such changes seem to belong to the most sensitive variables affected by tcdd. some of the biological effects, induced at rather high doses of tcdd exhibiting general toxicity (> 3 micrograms tcdd/kg body wt), may be considered unspecific or the result of the pronounced thymus involution. however, other effects (such as that on lymphocyte subty ... | 1993 | 8363273 |
| biochemical and immunological characterization of multiple glycoforms of mouse mast cell protease 1: comparison with an isolated murine serosal mast cell protease (mmcp-4). | five highly soluble, chymotrypsin-like, neutral serine proteases, with molecular masses in the range 30-33 kda, were isolated from trichinella spiralis-infected mouse small intestine. these enzymes were closely related antigenically on western blotting and by ouchterlony double diffusion using a polyclonal, cross-absorbed, sheep antibody raised against mouse mast cell protease-1 (mmcp-1) and on the basis of n-terminal amino acid sequence analysis, were identified as variant forms of mmcp-1. subs ... | 1993 | 8363563 |
| reversible expression of mouse mast cell protease 2 mrna and protein in cultured mast cells exposed to il-10. | balb/cj mouse mast cells derived by culturing bone marrow progenitor cells in wehi-3 cell-conditioned medium (bmmcw) do not contain mouse mast cell protease 2 (mmcp-2) mrna, but these cells can be induced to express this transcript after exposure to ril-10. to study the translation and granule accumulation of mmcp-2 in ril-10-treated bmmc (bmmcw+il-10), a rabbit antibody was developed to a synthetic peptide that corresponds to the novel amino acid sequence in mmcp-2 at residues 56 to 71. after a ... | 1993 | 8376776 |
| the protective role of fasciola tegument antigen against trichinella spiralis infection. | fasciola gigantica tegument antigen was prepared to be used for induction of immunity against trichinella spiralis in albino mice. the results of the study showed that the antigen was more effective when administered in a dose of 3 micrograms than in a dose of 30 micrograms. this was evidenced by the reduction in adult count 72%, adult length 61.4%, larval count 78.7%, length of muscle larvae 32.2% and the significant reduction in reproductive capacity index. | 1993 | 8376868 |
| expression of a protective intestinal immune response can be inhibited at three distinct sites by treatment with anti-alpha 4 integrin. | the alpha 4 integrins mediate lymphocyte adhesion to peyer's patch high endothelial vessels and homing to peyer's patch, as well as to mesenteric lymph nodes. in rats, immunity to infection with the nematode trichinella spiralis is known to be mediated by cd4+ ox22- (cd45rc-) cells that home to the intestine in large numbers. these experiments were conducted to determine whether the alpha 4 integrins or lfa-1 were involved in the expression of intestinal immunity to t. spiralis. injection of the ... | 1993 | 8409437 |
| immunological relationships during primary infection with heligmosomoides polygyrus (nematospiroides dubius): downregulation of specific cytokine secretion (il-9 and il-10) correlates with poor mastocytosis and chronic survival of adult worms. | mice were infected either with trichinella spiralis (day 0), heligmosomoides polygyrus (day-14) or concurrently with both species and were killed in groups, together with naïve control mice, on 2 occasions (day 8 and 15 post infection with t. spiralis, corresponding to days 22 and 29 p.i. with h. polygyrus). the expulsion of t. spiralis was slowed significantly in concurrently infected mice and this was associated with a reduced mastocytosis and lower serum mucosal mast cell protease levels. mes ... | 1993 | 8414644 |
| differentiation of trichinella isolates by polymerase chain reaction. | oligonucleotide primers were synthesized for the polymerase-chain-reaction amplification of target dna from two sequences of trichinella spiralis. six strains belonging to t. spiralis, t. nativa, t. britovi, t. pseudospiralis, and t. nelsoni were tested. amplification products were obtained with t. spiralis, t. britovi, and t. nelsoni dna from a 53-kda antigen cdna sequence and with t. spiralis and t. nelsoni dna from a 1.6-kb repetitive dna sequence. differences in the length of the amplificati ... | 1993 | 8415558 |
| immunotoxic effects of the color additive caramel color iii: immune function studies in rats. | administration of the color additive caramel color iii (ac) may cause a reduction in total white blood cell counts in rats due to reduced lymphocyte counts. beside lymphopenia, several other effects in rat have been described. the effects are caused by the imidazole derivative 2-acetyl-4(5)-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydroxybutyl)imidazole (thi) and occur in rats fed a diet low in vitamin b6. in the present paper, immune function studies on ac and thi with rats fed a diet low, but not deficient in vitamin b6 ... | 1993 | 8432426 |