| tropical pulmonary eosinophilia. report of a case. | tropical pulmonary eosinophilia (tpe) is an unusual manifestation of filarial infection, most commonly found in south-east asia and caused by immunologic hyperresponsiveness to wuchereria bancrofti and brugia malayi. this report concerns a case of tpe in a 25-year-old indian male who had been living in italy for two years and was admitted to hospital with chest pain. diethylcarbamazine therapy proved effective in rapidly eliminating symptoms and pulmonary abnormalities, as well as normalizing of ... | 1997 | 9515101 |
| pathogenesis of tropical pulmonary eosinophilia: parasitic alveolitis and parallels with asthma. | | 1998 | 9519215 |
| differences in the frequency of cytokine-producing cells in antigenemic and nonantigenemic individuals with bancroftian filariasis. | individuals with clinical manifestations of lymphatic filariasis may be currently infected or not. twenty-five individuals from a wuchereria bancrofti-endemic area of brazil were classified as being asymptomatic microfilaremic individuals, antigenemic individuals with clinical filariasis, or nonantigenemic individuals with clinical filariasis. intracellular cytokine staining of mitogen-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) showed that the frequency of either gamma interferon (ifn- ... | 1998 | 9529056 |
| direct and indirect costs of the acute form of lymphatic filariasis to households in rural areas of tamil nadu, south india. | this study examined the direct and indirect costs due to acute form of lymphatic filariasis caused by wuchereria bancrofti to the households in rural communities in tamil nadu state in south india. for nearly one-third of the acute adenolymphangitis (adl) episodes the affected did not seek treatment and for 27% of the episodes they consulted health personnel, underwent treatment and paid for it. on average, the adl patients spent rupees (rs.) 2.35 (us $ 0.07) per episode on treatment, but expend ... | 1998 | 9537272 |
| the relationship between microfilarial load in the human host and uptake and development of wuchereria bancrofti microfilariae by culex quinquefasciatus: a study under natural conditions. | the uptake of wuchereria bancrofti microfilariae (mf) by culex quinquefasciatus and their development in relation to human mf density were quantified by allowing a total of 1096 wild mosquitoes to feed on 13 volunteers sleeping under partially open bed-nets. for each volunteer, each hour between 18.00 and 06.00 h the mf density in finger-prick blood was determined and engorged mosquitoes collected. each hourly collection of mosquitoes was kept separately. half of them was dissected within 18 h p ... | 1998 | 9550218 |
| the lymfasim simulation program for modeling lymphatic filariasis and its control. | the lymfasim modeling framework for the transmission and control of the tropical parasitic disease lymphatic filariasis is described and its use in the context of an endemic community in north-eastern brazil is illustrated. lymphatic filariasis is a disease with a complex natural history with many unknowns. this complicates decision making with respect to control strategies. with lymfasim, a variety of hypotheses can be tested about the life history of the parasite wuchereria bancrofti, its tran ... | 1998 | 9550853 |
| longitudinal surveillance after filariasis control in guangdong province, china. | this paper reports the longitudinal surveillance with epidemiology, entomology and serology after filariasis has been controlled. the results showed that the microfilarial rate, natural infection rate of vectors and the positive rate of filarial antibodies decreased year by year. | 1997 | 9561613 |
| bancroftian filariasis in maceio, state of alagoas, brazil: observations on culex quinquefasciatus after blood feeding on individuals with different densities of microfilariae in the peripheral blood stream. | females of laboratory-reared culex quinquefasciatus were allowed to take blood meals on individuals with low (1-100 microfilariae/ml of peripheral blood), moderate (101-500 microfilariae/ml), and high (> 500 microfilariae/ml) microfilaremia. the mosquitoes ingested 1.39-3.80 microl of blood and infective third-stage (l3) larvae were first recorded 13-14 days after the infecting blood meal. the number of microfilariae ingested by mosquitoes was proportional to the density of microfilariae in the ... | 1998 | 9574797 |
| a universally applicable internal standard for pcr detection of wuchereria bancrofti in biological samples. | a pcr-based assay have been previously described to detect wuchereria bancrofti in mosquitoes and in human blood samples. however, the efficiency of pcr amplification may vary between samples depending on the presence of pcr inhibitors, leading sometimes to false negative results. to overcome this drawback, an internal standard plasmid (pwb11) was constructed. it can be added to each pcr reaction for coamplification along with the target w. bancrofti dna (sspl dna repeat) using the same pair of ... | 1997 | 9587609 |
| the immunodominant brugia malayi paramyosin as a marker of current infection with wuchereria bancrofti adult worms. | the full-length cdna sequence encoding brugia malayi l3 paramyosin has been isolated by immunoscreening a cdna library with a mouse antiserum raised against wuchereria bancrofti l3 infective larvae. a recombinant truncated form of paramyosin was expressed as a glutathione s-transferase fusion protein and used to evaluate humoral responses of adults from a w. bancrofti-endemic area in french polynesia according to their parasitological status. immunoglobulin g4 (igg4) preferentially bound to para ... | 1998 | 9596759 |
| risk factors for the occurrence of bancroftian filariasis infection in children living in endemic areas of northeast of brazil. | the objective of this study was to identify biological and social risk factors for the occurrence of microfilaraemia in a population of 1464 children of both sexes aged 5-14 years, living in two highly endemic areas of recife a city in the northeast of brazil. a survey was performed from december 1990 to july 1991 and the microfilaraemia was examined by the thick-drop technique using 45 microliters of peripheral blood. information was obtained about use of bednet, length of time living in area a ... | 1998 | 9604596 |
| increased antibody response to parasite lipids in amicrofilaraemic individuals from a region where wuchereria bancrofti infection is endemic. | | 1998 | 9614462 |
| microfilaria in a fine needle aspirate of primary solid malignant tumor of the maxillary antrum. a case report. | lymphatic filarial disease is very common in tropical countries like india. the incidental finding of microfilariae in various benign cytologic smears is very common. microfilariae in malignant effusions have also been reported, but their coexistence with solid malignant tumor at the primary site has not been reported so far. | 1998 | 9622705 |
| microfilariae in a cytologic smear from cavernous hemangioma of the liver. a case report. | wuchereria bancrofti has been found in almost every tissue except the liver. | 1998 | 9622707 |
| microfilariae in bone marrow aspiration smears. | | 1998 | 9622716 |
| microfilariae of wuchereria bancrofti identified in a cervicovaginal smear. | | 1998 | 9622731 |
| herd immunity to filarial infection is a function of vector biting rate. | despite the existence of an impressive body of work on human immune responses against filarial infections, the occurrence of a protective response to infection remains unclear. here, we use a combined modelling and comparative data analysis framework to address this issue for human infections with the filarial parasite, wuchereria bancrofti. by analogy with previous work, the analysis involves the comparison of observed field patterns of infection with epidemiological patterns predicted by a mat ... | 1998 | 9633111 |
| studies on the transmission potential of filariasis in controlled areas of henan province. | to study the regular pattern of growth and declination or the transmission potential of filariasis after the disease was basically (the microfilarial rate was lower than 1%) in henan province in 1987. | 1997 | 9642315 |
| filariasis and erisipela in santo domingo. | this study examined acute-convalescent changes in diagnostic anti-streptococcal antibodies by the anti-streptolysin o (aso) and anti-dnaase b (adab) tests among patients (n 28) with lymphedema and recurrent erisipela of the lower limb, comparing them with endemic normal control residents (n=25). the study was based in villa francisca, an urban focus of bancroftian filariasis in eastern santo domingo, capital of the dominican republic. the acute signs and symptoms of erisipela were consistent wit ... | 1998 | 9645857 |
| scanning electron microscopic study of microfilaria and the third stage larva of wuchereria bancrofti. | the surface structures of microfilaria and of the third stage larva of wuchereria bancrofti were studied by scanning electron microscopy. distinct features were observed that could be used for differentiating species of this parasite. specifically, the sheath of microfilariae of w. bancrofti projected beyond the head. the head region of the microfilaria was composed of a cephalic cap with hook, mouth and amphidial opening, and its cuticle showed annulation. spines were absent at the first transv ... | 1997 | 9656408 |
| human occult loiasis: field evaluation of a nested polymerase chain reaction assay for the detection of occult infection. | a nested polymerase chain reaction (nested pcr) assay, targeted on the repeat 3 region (15r3) of the gene coding for a loa loa 15 kd polyprotein, was developed to detect l. loa infection. the assay has a sensitivity of 95% and is 100% specific with regard to sympatric filarial parasites: mansonella perstans, onchocerca volvulus and wuchereria bancrofti. in this field study in a mixed filarial (l. loa and m. perstans) endemic region of gabon, 157 l. loa amicrofilaraemic blood samples (amf; diagno ... | 1998 | 9657514 |
| [tropical filarial pulmonary eosinophilia and its differential diagnosis]. | the authors present a comprehensive review of tropical pulmonary eosinophilia (tpe) of filarial etiology and describe its differential diagnosis with similar syndromes. epidemiological, clinical, diagnostic, therapeutic and phisiopathological aspects are considered, with an emphasis on new advances in our knowledge of lymphatic filariasis and their implication for improved understanding of tpe and similar syndromes. a tpe-like syndrome, which is caused by intestinal helminth infections, occurs i ... | 1998 | 9659744 |
| host nk cells are required for the growth of the human filarial parasite brugia malayi in mice. | human lymphatic filariasis, which afflicts an estimated 120 million people worldwide, is caused by the large nematode parasites wuchereria bancrofti and brugia malayi. filarial nematodes require both an arthropod vector and a mammalian host to complete their life cycle. within the definitive (mammalian) host, the lymphatic filarial parasites reside in the lymph nodes and lymphatics, a seemingly hostile environment for infectious agents, since the location exposes them to the immune defenses of t ... | 1998 | 9686607 |
| lymphatic filariasis and malaria: concomitant parasitism in orissa, india. | concomitant parasitism with plasmodium spp. and wuchereria bancrofti was examined in orissa, india, to study the influence of one parasite infection on the other in human communities. a survey of 1815 nocturnal blood films in 11 villages indicated an overall prevalence of 9.6% for malaria and 8.5% for microfilaraemia. only 0.3% of the population harboured both parasites. analysis of the expected and observed distribution of cases of dual infection in each village did not indicate any significant ... | 1998 | 9692139 |
| parental infection confounded with local infection intensity as risk factors for childhood microfilaraemia in bancroftian filariasis. | | 1998 | 9692140 |
| prevalence of hydrocele as a rapid diagnostic index for lymphatic filariasis. | the real burden of lymphatic filariasis in most endemic areas remains unknown even thought it is a major public health problem in many tropical countries, particularly in sub-saharan african. the nocturnal periodicity of the parasite requires parasitological examinations to be done at night. the aim of this study was to develop and validate rapid epidemiological assessment tools for the community diagnosis of lymphatic filariasis, that may be used in the future to determine the distribution of t ... | 1998 | 9692148 |
| haematuria in coastal kenya is associated with schistosoma haematobium but not wuchereria bancrofti infection. | | 1998 | 9692154 |
| efficacy of single dose combinations of albendazole, ivermectin and diethylcarbamazine for the treatment of bancroftian filariasis. | in a 'blind' trial on 50 male asymptomatic microfilaraemic subjects with wuchereria bancrofti infection, the safety, tolerability and filaricidal efficacy of a single dose of albendazole (alb) 600 mg alone or in combination with ivermectin (iver) 400 micrograms/kg or diethylcarbamazine citrate (dec) 6 mg/kg was compared with a single dose of the combination dec 6 mg/kg and iver 400 micrograms/kg over a period of 15 months after treatment. all but one subject, with 67 microfilariae (mf)/ml, had p ... | 1998 | 9692166 |
| [bancroftian filariasis in brazil]. | the past and present distribution of bancroftian filariasis in brazil is reviewed. parasitological and entomological surveys were conducted between 1951 and 1958, the autochthonous transmission of wuchereria bancrofti having been found only in 11 places in the country as follows, with the corresponding prevalences; ponta grossa (sc), 14.5% belém (pa), 9.8%; barra de laguna (sc), 9.4%; recife (pe), 6.9%; castro alves (ba), 5.9%; florianópolis (sc), 1.4%; são luis (ma), 0.6%; salvador (ba), 0.4%; ... | 1998 | 9699353 |
| microfilarial periodicity of wuchereria bancrofti and man landing periodicity of the vector culex quinquefasciatus say in matara, sri lanka. | to compare the microfilarial periodicity of wuchereria bancrofti, with the man landing periodicity of the vector culex quinquefasciatus in matara, sri lanka. | 1998 | 9704546 |
| longitudinal analysis of the development of filarial infection and antifilarial immunity in a cohort of haitian children. | longitudinal studies are being conducted in leogane, haiti to investigate the relationship between acquisition of filarial infection and development of antifilarial immunity as well as the impact of maternal infection on this relationship. children (0-24 months of age) residing in leogane were enrolled and were examined periodically to monitor parasitologic status and to collect serum for antigen and antifilarial antibody determinations. to examine the development of filarial antigenemia and ant ... | 1998 | 9715935 |
| lymphatic filariasis in a hyperendemic region: a ten-year, follow-up panel survey. | the present study is a long-term panel survey of a population living in a previously identified wuchereria bancrofti-endemic area of benin. unexpectedly, a marked decrease in the prevalence of microfilaremia (from 9.4% to 0.48%; p < 0.001) occurred over a 10-year period in the absence of chemotherapy or vector control measures. the percentage of patients with chronic pathology remained stable during the study period. the decrease in the prevalence of parasitemia could not be explained by environ ... | 1998 | 9715936 |
| wuchereria bancrofti microfilariae in the dentigerous cystic fluid: an unusual presentation. | an unexpected and unusual presence of wuchereria bancrofti microfilariae in the cystic fluid of a maxillary dentigerous cyst in an 8-year-old boy is being reported for the first time. this was an incidental finding during routine fine-needle aspiration cytological examination. | 1998 | 9718157 |
| transmission dynamics of filariasis in khurdha district of orissa, india. | a three year longitudinal study was carried out to quantify the different parameters of filarial transmission in an endemic area of orissa state, india. parasitological surveys revealed mean microfilaria rate, microfilaria density and median microfilaria density (mfd-50) to be 9.41, 19.23 and 7.33, respectively. the per man hour density of the vector, culex quinquefasciatus varied from 24.2 to 66.0 with a peak in january. infection rate varied from 0.9 to 27.5%, while infectivity rate ranged bet ... | 1998 | 9740288 |
| possible transmission of two types of wuchereria bancrofti in muang district, chiang mai, northern thailand. | | 1998 | 9740289 |
| ultrasonographic detection of living adult wuchereria bancrofti using a 3.5-mhz transducer. | adult wuchereria bancrofti can be readily detected by ultrasound in the lymphatic vessels of the spermatic cord with a 7.5-mhz transducer, but most ultrasound machines in developing countries are equipped with 3.5-mhz transducers. to assess the potential for ultrasound as a tool for diagnosis and epidemiologic assessment in lymphatic filariasis, we compared the performance of 3.5-mhz and 7.5-mhz transducers in 61 men in recife, brazil. all men had three ultrasound examinations using a 3.5 mhz tr ... | 1998 | 9749633 |
| direct assessment in vivo of the efficacy of combined single-dose ivermectin and diethylcarbamazine against adult wuchereria bancrofti. | when ivermectin and diethylcarbamazine (dec) are given simultaneously in a single dose to persons with wuchereria bancrofti infection, the resulting suppression of microfilaraemia is more profound and sustained than when either drug is given alone. to assess whether this effect is a result of enhanced macrofilaricidal efficacy, we used ultrasound to monitor the adult worms in the scrotal area of men with w. bancrofti microfilaraemia. twenty-one men were treated simultaneously with dec (6 mg/kg) ... | 1998 | 9764338 |
| [excretion-secretion antigens from adult dirofilaria immitis in the diagnosis of human filariasis by solid phase immunoenzyme assay]. | the solid phase enzymatic immuno-assay (elisa) was normalized for detecting antibodies against. filaria using excretion-secretion antigens (esa) from dirofilaria immitis adults in a group of asymptomatic and microfilaraemic patients infected by different species of filariae (loa loa, wuchereria bancrofti, onchocerca volvulus, mansonella ozzardi and mansonella perstans), and in another group of symptomatic and aminorofilaraemic patients, temporary residents in an area with endemic loiasis. the es ... | 1991 | 9768181 |
| a review of the present status of lymphatic filariasis in vietnam. | establishing the current status of an infectious disease forms the starting point of any attempt at parasite control. although data on the prevalence and distribution of lymphatic filariasis exist for vietnam from the early 1900s, the present situation regarding the disease is less well-known. here, we review the results of recent surveys conducted by the institute of malariology, parasitology and entomology, hanoi, to update the existing information on filariasis epidemiology and distribution f ... | 1998 | 9777718 |
| components of the vectorial capacity of aedes poicilius for wuchereria bancrofti in sorsogon province, philippines. | components of vectorial capacity (biting density, survival, and host preferences) of a population of aedes (finlaya) poicilius, the principal vector of wuchereria bancrofti in the philippines, were studied in 1994-1995 in sorsogon province. aedes poicilius comprised 20.7% of 3243 mosquitoes of 24 species taken in 42 nights of human-biting collections, and 1.4% of 7586 mosquitoes of 27 species taken in 18 concurrent nights of carabao-trap collections. there were, on average, 16 bites by ae. poici ... | 1998 | 9797834 |
| long-term effect of diethylcarbamazine citrate on microfilaraemia status in treated individuals. | follow up of microfilaraemic individuals infected with wuchereria bancrofti at five years after treatment was carried out in a tea workers population. diethylcarbamazine citrate in the dose schedule of 72 mg/kg body weight given in equal daily doses over a period of 21 days cleared 51.6 per cent microfilaraemic individuals five year post-treatment. eighty five subjects were successfully followed and among these, 10 (11.8%) showed increase in mf counts, 31 (36.4%) showed reduction but remained mi ... | 1998 | 9805842 |
| efficacy of a single dose treatment of wuchereria bancrofti microfilaria carriers with diethylcarbamazine in matara, sri lanka. | to test the efficacy of diethylcarbamazine dec single dose regimen of 6 mg/kg body weight (bw) on a sample of wuchereria bancrofti microfilaria (mf) carriers in matara. | 1998 | 9813933 |
| filarial nematode parasites secrete a homologue of the human cytokine macrophage migration inhibitory factor. | filarial nematode parasites establish long-term chronic infections in the context of an antiparasite immunity that is strongly biased toward a th2 response. the mechanisms that lead to this th2 bias toward filarial antigens are not clear, but one possibility is that the parasites produce molecules that have the capacity to proactively modify their immunological environment. here we report that filarial parasites of humans secrete a homologue of the human proinflammatory cytokine macrophage migra ... | 1998 | 9826378 |
| bancroftian filariasis in tanzania: specific antibody responses in relation to long-term observations on microfilaremia. | following a 16-year clinical and parasitologic follow-up survey for bancroftian filariasis in three endemic communities in northeastern tanzania, serum antibody responses were analyzed in selected individuals in relation to the long-term observations on microfilaremia. comparison of responses in three categories of adults (microfilaria [mf] positive at both surveys, mf positive at first but mf negative at the second survey, and mf negative at both surveys, respectively) indicated no significant ... | 1998 | 9840579 |
| the relationship between infection and disease in wuchereria bancrofti infection in ghana. | the relationship between infection and clinical disease in wuchereria bancrofti infection was investigated in a community-based study in different endemic areas in ghana. at the individual level, there was no association between acute adenolymphangitis and infection (microfilaraemia) status. there was a negative association between infection status and lymphoedema/elephantiasis, but a positive association with hydrocele; however, the intensity of infection was negatively associated with both ele ... | 1998 | 9850387 |
| evaluation of the filter paper blood collection method for detecting og4c3 circulating antigen in bancroftian filariasis. | serological diagnosis of filariasis is generally known to be more reliable than detection of microfilariae. the recently developed og4c3 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for detecting wuchereria bancrofti circulating antigen has been shown to be very sensitive in diagnosing filiariasis using serum samples. the commercially available form of this elisa, using whole blood collected on filter paper, has not been validated independently. we evaluated the sensitivity of this new method again ... | 1998 | 9850393 |
| pulmonary oedema in vivax malaria. | | 1998 | 9850397 |
| the use of whole blood absorbed on filter paper to detect wuchereria bancrofti circulating antigen. | the og4c3 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) to detect circulating wuchereria bancrofti antigen uses 50 microl of serum. in this study, a whole blood sample absorbed on filter paper was tested as a substitute for serum. serum samples were obtained from 60 sri lankan subjects by venepuncture and finger-prick blood samples from the same individuals were directly absorbed on filter paper. og4c3 elisas using serum and filter paper blood were compared. despite the fact that the estimated amoun ... | 1998 | 9861365 |
| the significance of guinea worm infection in the immunological diagnosis of onchocerciasis and bancroftian filariasis. | infections with dracunculus medinensis frequently occur in the same geographical area as infections with onchocerca volvulus and wuchereria bancrofti. this study analysed the significance of d. medinensis infections for the specificity and sensitivity of available tests for antibody-based diagnosis of onchocerciasis (using individual recombinant clones ov-10, ov-11 and ov-16, and the ov-7/ov-10/ov-16 tri-cocktail, in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) and for circulating antigen-based diagnos ... | 1998 | 9861367 |
| exfoliative skin manifestations in acute lymphatic filariasis. | | 1998 | 9861373 |
| diagnosis of wuchereria bancrofti infection by the polymerase chain reaction using urine and day blood samples from amicrofilaraemic patients. | a sensitive and specific polymerase chain reaction (pcr) based on a highly repeated deoxyribonucleic acid (dna) sequence (188 bp; sspi repeat) was tested for the detection of wuchereria bancrofti dna in blood and urine samples collected during the day from individuals in coque, recife, brazil, an endemic area for w. bancrofti. all microfilaraemic individuals were also positive by pcr, irrespective of the samples used. the pcr system was capable of detecting w. bancrofti dna in amicrofilaraemic i ... | 1998 | 9861400 |
| absence of ivermectin-associated excess deaths. | | 1998 | 9861413 |
| non-parasitic chyluria: a case report and review of the literature. | chyluria is due to the passage of chyle into the urine giving it a typical milky appearance. although rarely seen in our countries it is well-known in areas where infections with wuchereria bancrofti are endemic. chyluria can also have non-parasitic causes of which only a few cases have been described. we briefly discuss etiologies and pathogenesis of chyluria and present a case of non-parasitic chyluria successfully treated by surgery. a short and critical review of the different treatment moda ... | 1998 | 9864871 |
| renal transplantation: potential source of microfilarial transmission. | | 1998 | 9865372 |
| bancroftian filariasis in egypt: visualization of adult worms and subclinical lymphatic pathology by scrotal ultrasound. | the purpose of this study was to explore the value of scrotal ultrasound as a means of evaluating bancroftian filariasis. color doppler ultrasound examinations were performed to look for subclinical hydroceles and motile adult filarial worms (dancing worms) in dilated lymphatics. sixty-one male subjects from a filariasis-endemic area in egypt were studied including 19 clinically normal microfilaria (mf) carriers (seven with dancing worms and eight with subclinical hydroceles), 13 mf-negative sub ... | 1998 | 9886190 |
| early development of acute filariasis in a migrant from non-endemic to hyper endemic area: a case report. | a case report of a european woman who contracted filariasis after staying for a few weeks in a filaria endemic area of south india is presented in this paper. | 1998 | 9914679 |
| lymphatic filariasis in brazilian urban area (maceió, alagoas). | a cross-sectional survey conducted among evening students was used to determine the prevalence of wuchereria bancrofti infection in maceió, capital of the state of alagoas, northeast brazil. a single thick-blood smear was used, being collected between 10 p.m. and 12 a.m. from a total of 29,551 students enrolled at evening elementary schools in the 33 city sectors, 16,569 (56.4%) were random selected for inclusion in the study. from those, 10,857 (65.5%) were interviewed and examined and 73 (0.7% ... | 1998 | 9921288 |
| experimental infection of culex (culex) quinquefasciatus and aedes (stegomyia) aegypti with wuchereria bancrofti. | a study was conducted to determine the susceptibility of local strains of culex quinquefasciatus and aedes aegypti to infection with the strain of wuchereria bancrofti that occurs in maceió. state of alagoas, brazil. cx. quinquefasciatus blood fed simultaneously on the same microfilariae carrier ingested more blood and 2-3x more microfilariae than ae. aegypti. survival rates of both species of insects living for 21 days after blood feeding on microfilaraemic patients were not significantly diffe ... | 1998 | 9921316 |
| development of a quantitative, competitive polymerase chain reaction--enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of wuchereria bancrofti dna. | a quantitative, competitive polymerase chain reaction (qc-pcr) assay for the sensitive detection of wuchereria bancrofti dna was developed. a competitor sequence was constructed by an exchange of nucleotides in the wuchereria-specific ssp i repeat. the pcr products were hybridized to specific dna probes and their amounts, determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). in laboratory-prepared samples the qc-pcr-elisa assay was capable of detecting the amount of dna equivalent to 0.1 m ... | 1999 | 9951959 |
| biased tcr repertoire in infiltrating lesional t cells in human bancroftian filariasis. | to investigate the hypothesis that t cells recognizing specific ags localize to the site of disease activity in human bancroftian filariasis, we have compared the repertoire of tcr vbeta gene segments in lesions vs blood in individual patients by rt-pcr elisa. vbeta14 and vbeta24 were overrepresented (5% greater in tissue compared with pbmcs and/or tissue/pbmc ratios in the highest 5% of all tissue/pbmc ratios for all vbetas for all subjects) in 50% and 40% of study subjects, respectively. overr ... | 1999 | 9973439 |
| immunocytochemical localization and distribution of human albumin in wuchereria bancrofti adult worms. | to determine whether albumin is present on adult worms of wuchereria bancrofti, thin sections of resin-embedded parasites were incubated with a specific antiserum to human albumin. with the exception of the epicuticle, all layers of the cuticle and the hypodermis were intensely labeled. concentration of gold particles was observed within infoldings of the hypodermal membrane. moderate labeling of the thin basement membrane that lines the pseudocelomic cavity and the gonoduct was also observed. w ... | 1999 | 10050796 |
| candidate parasitic diseases. | this paper discusses five parasitic diseases: american trypanosomiasis (chagas disease), dracunculiasis, lymphatic filariasis, onchocerciasis and schistosomiasis. the available technology and health infrastructures in developing countries permit the eradication of dracunculiasis and the elimination of lymphatic filariasis due to wuchereria bancrofti. blindness due to onchocerciasis and transmission of this disease will be prevented in eleven west african countries; transmission of chagas disease ... | 1998 | 10063677 |
| quinone analogue irrecoverably paralyses the filarial parasites in vitro. | 2,3-dimethoxy-5-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone (q0), an analogue of ubiquinone, irreversibly paralyses the adult and microfilariae of the cattle filarial parasite setaria digitata. the same concentration of q0 that paralyses the microfilariae of s. digitata also paralyses the microfilariae of the human filarial parasite wuchereria bancrofti within the same duration. thus the experiments done in the model s. digitata system can well be extended to the human filarial system. a drug at the level of the qu ... | 1999 | 10066426 |
| can vector control play a useful supplementary role against bancroftian filariasis? | a single campaign of mass treatment for bancroftian filariasis with diethylcarbamazine (dec) in makunduchi, a town in zanzibar, united republic of tanzania, combined with elimination of mosquito breeding in pit latrines with polystyrene beads was followed by a progressive decline over a 5-year period in the microfilarial rate from 49% to 3%. evidence that vector control had contributed to this long-term decline was obtained by comparison with another town, moga, where a dec campaign was used wit ... | 1999 | 10083712 |
| current status of filariasis in chavakad taluk, trichur district, kerala. | a sample survey using parasitological, clinical and entomological indicators was carried out in all the 18 administrative units of chavakad taluk, trichur district, kerala, india to assess the current filariasis situation. cluster sampling procedure was followed to screen individuals. both wuchereria bancrofti and brugia malayi species were found to be prevalent in this taluk. microfilaria (mf) carriers with w. bancrofti were detected in eight areas while b. malayi was recorded only from one are ... | 1997 | 10085639 |
| 16s rdna phylogeny and ultrastructural characterization of wolbachia intracellular bacteria of the filarial nematodes brugia malayi, b. pahangi, and wuchereria bancrofti. | | 1999 | 10092480 |
| filarial antibody responses in wuchereria bancrofti transmission area are related to parasitological but not clinical status. | in wuchereria bancrofti transmission areas, three groups of individuals have been identified, according to the presence or absence of microfilariae or adult worm derived molecules in the blood compartment. these groups likely reflect individuals with different permissivity/resistance to the complete development of w. bancrofti cycle. the profile of filarial-specific immunoglobulins was analysed in w. bancrofti-exposed individuals in french polynesia, according to the presence or absence of micro ... | 1999 | 10101717 |
| efficacy of five annual single doses of diethylcarbamazine for treatment of lymphatic filariasis in fiji. | annual single-dose treatments with diethylcarbamazine citrate (dec) at a dose of 6 mg/kg have been reported effective in reducing microfilariae (mf) rate and density and applicable to large-scale filariasis control campaigns. however, the efficacy of such treatments has not been studied quantitatively in relation to different pretreatment levels of endemicity. this study of 32 villages in fiji revealed that five treatments repeated annually steadily reduced village mf rate, and that the degree o ... | 1998 | 10191553 |
| [bancrofitian filariasis, malayan filariasis]. | | 1999 | 10201254 |
| bancroftian filariasis in an irrigation project community in southern ghana. | an epidemiological study to document the endemicity and transmission characteristics of bancroftian filariasis was conducted in an irrigation project community in southern ghana. in a 50% random sample of the population, the prevalence of microfilaraemia was 26.4% and the geometric mean microfilarial intensity among positives was 819 microfilariae/ml of blood. hydrocoele was found in 13.8% of the males aged > or =18 years, and 1.4% of the residents examined, all females, had tymphoedema/elephant ... | 1999 | 10203168 |
| treatment costs and loss of work time to individuals with chronic lymphatic filariasis in rural communities in south india. | this year-round case-control study investigated treatment costs and work time loss to people affected by chronic lymphatic filariasis in two rural communities in south india. about three-quarters of the patients sought treatment for filariasis at least once and 52% of them paid for treatment, incurring a mean annual expenditure of rs. 72 (us $2.1; range rs. 0-1360 (us $39.0)). doctor's fees and medicines constituted 57% and 23% of treatment costs. the proportion of people seeking treatment was s ... | 1999 | 10203169 |
| [views on the municipalization of lymphatic filariasis control in greater metropolitan recife]. | lymphatic filariasis is caused by the nematodes brugia malayi, brugia timori, and wuchereria bancrofti. the disease occurs in developing countries and is more frequent in urban areas. an estimated 4 billion people live in at-risk areas. in brazil the endemic is caused by w. bancrofti and was first documented in 1878. it was first detected in recife in 1952. currently, recife and belém are the only cities in brazil where the endemic is considered a public health problem. the objectives of this st ... | 1999 | 10203460 |
| wuchereria bancrofti antigenaemia in sri lanka. | the prevalence of wuchereria bancrofti antigenaemia determined in 353 subjects in matara, sri lanka by og4c3 elisa was 20.7%. positive rates obtained with the same subjects by 1 ml nuclepore filtration and 60 microl thick blood smear were 11.3% and 7.9%, respectively. antigen levels were positively associated with microfilaria counts. two-thirds of antigen-positive and microfilaria-negative (ag+/mf-) individuals were > 25-year-old, but younger age groups (< or = 25-year-old) tended to have propo ... | 1999 | 10223216 |
| [important parasitic nephropathies: update from the recent literature]. | renal involvement in parasitic infections are polymorphic. plasmodium malariae often leads to membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis whereas acute tubular necrosis or post-infectious acute glomerulonephritis are observed with plasmodium falciparum. urogenital taxis of schistosoma haematobium is responsible for frequency of chronic tubular and interstitial nephritis. without specific treatment, the renal function progressively deteriorates and urological complications appear. schistosoma manson ... | 1999 | 10227026 |
| antibody response to a filarial antigen fraction in individuals exposed to wuchereria bancrofti infection in india. | an antigen fraction (dssdi) was isolated from the aqueous-insoluble components of adult setaria digitata. rabbit antiserum to dssdi labeled the sheaths of wuchereria and setaria microfilariae suggesting dssdi to be surface associated. antibody responses to dssdi were determined in wuchereria bancrofti exposed individuals. igm titre was highest in endemic normals (en; asymptomatic amicrofilaraemic) followed by chronic filarial patients (cp) and asymptomatic microfilaraemics (as). igg titer was hi ... | 1999 | 10232782 |
| bancroftian filariasis on pemba island, zanzibar, tanzania: an update on the status in urban and semi-urban communities. | cross-sectional clinical, parasitological and entomological surveys for bancroftian filariasis were conducted in konde, chake chake and kengeja, three urban and semiurban communities on pemba island, and the results were compared with similar surveys done 15 years earlier. the overall prevalences of clinical manifestations among males aged 15 years or more (n = 614) was remarkably similar to those recorded 15 years earlier: elephantiasis 1.4% in 1975 and 1.1% in 1990; hydrocele, 22.4% and 21.8%, ... | 1999 | 10320655 |
| proinflammatory cytokines secreted by monocytes of filarial patients. | the levels of interleukin 1, granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (gm-csf) and tumour necrosis factor (tnf)-alpha secreted by the monocytes of filarial patients, such as asymptomatic microfilaremics (mf), chronic pathology (cp), and normal individuals, residing in a wuchereria bancrofti endemic area (en) in response to whole brugia malayi antigen (bma) and setaria digitata (sd-cuticular) and a recombinant filarial antigen (prj51) were studied. stimulation of peripheral blood adherent ... | 1999 | 10338198 |
| long-term persistence of cellular hyporesponsiveness to filarial antigens after clearance of microfilaremia. | the persistence of parasite-specific cellular hyporesponsiveness after clearance of blood microfilariae (mf) was studied in 18 individuals who had been treated with a single dose of ivermectin, diethylcarbamazine, or a combination 2-3 years previously and who had initially cleared their parasitemia. at recruitment into the present study, 50% were again mf+ and 50% remained mf-. there were no significant differences between the mf+ and mf- groups in the amount of interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) prod ... | 1999 | 10344663 |
| helminth- and bacillus calmette-guérin-induced immunity in children sensitized in utero to filariasis and schistosomiasis. | infants and children are routinely vaccinated with bacillus calmette-guérin (bcg) in areas of the world where worm infections are common. because maternal helminth infection during pregnancy can sensitize the developing fetus, we studied whether this prenatal immunity persists in childhood and modifies the immune response to bcg. children and newborns living in rural kenya, where bcg is administered at birth and filariasis and schistosomiasis are endemic, were examined. t cells from 2- to 10-yea ... | 1999 | 10352306 |
| study on the transmission threshold value of bancroftian filariasis. | to elucidate the transmission dynamic and epidemic trend of bancroftian filariasis occurred under the condition with no control measure taken 5 years after elimination of filariasis. | 1998 | 10374430 |
| bancroftian filariasis in namrup tea estate, district dibrugarh, assam. | filariasis survey in a randomly selected tea estate of district dibrugrah revealed 6.7% infection of wuchereria bancrofti in labour population with microfilaria (mf) rate of 7.6% in males and 5.9% in females. the mf rate increased progressively with the age which however, dropped in 31-40 age group of males and in 41-50 age group of females. chronic filariasis diseases rate was 2.7%. the involvement of genitals in manifesting chronic filariasis was significantly higher than of the lower extremit ... | 1998 | 10389521 |
| [subconjunctival localization of a wuchereria bancrofti adult female]. | the authors describe a case of conjunctival localization of a living adult wuchereria bancrofti female observed in a 6 year old native haitian girl, two years after her arrival in france. the adult was surgically removed from the conjunctiva. microfilariae were evidenced in blood samples obtained at midnight. this is the first case of sub-conjunctival localization of w. bancrofti. this case stresses the necessity to identify the filaria by studying the microfilariae in blood samples obtained at ... | 1999 | 10399599 |
| a longitudinal study of bancroftian filariasis in the nile delta of egypt: baseline data and one-year follow-up. | we initiated a longitudinal study of bancroftian filariasis to improve understanding of dynamics and risk factors for infection in villages near cairo, egypt. baseline prevalence rates for microfilaremia and filarial antigenemia for 1,853 subjects more than 9 years of age were 7.7% and 11.2%, respectively. microfilaria counts, antigen levels, and microfilaremia incidence over a 1-year period were all significantly lower in older people. these findings suggest that humans develop partial immunity ... | 1999 | 10432056 |
| the role of albendazole in programmes to eliminate lymphatic filariasis. | citing earlier advances in the treatment of lymphatic filariasis [particularly the effectiveness of single-dose diethylcarbamazine (dec) in reducing microfilaraemia and its enhanced effectiveness when co-administered with single-dose ivermectin], eric ottesen, mahroof ismail and john horton consider recent studies on the antifilarial activity of albendazole that have led to the current recommendations for its use in single-dose regimens in conjunction with either dec or ivermectin for large-scal ... | 1999 | 10461168 |
| acute disease episodes in a wuchereria bancrofti-endemic area of papua new guinea. | acute disease episodes of bancroftian filariasis were monitored prospectively in a rural area of papua new guinea. the frequency and duration of episodes were recorded for the leg, arm, scrotum, and breast. a very high incidence of acute disease was observed; 0.31 episodes per person-year in the leg alone. incidence generally increased with age, except in the breast, where episodes were concentrated in the reproductive age range. males had slightly higher incidence than females in the leg and ar ... | 1999 | 10463687 |
| bloodmeal microfilariae density and the uptake and establishment of wuchereria bancrofti infections in culex quinquefasciatus and aedes aegypti. | the relationship between ingestion of microfilariae (mf), production of infective larvae (l3) and mf density in human blood has been suggested as an important determinant in the transmission dynamics of lymphatic filariasis. here we assess the role of these factors in determining the competence of a natural vector culex quinquefasciatus and a non vector aedes aegypti to transmit wuchereria bancrofti. mosquitoes were infected via a membrane feeding procedure. both mosquito species ingested more t ... | 1999 | 10464399 |
| the effect of pregnancy on wuchereria bancrofti microfilarial load in humans. | as part of a drug trial against bancroftian filariasis in the east sepik province of papua new guinea we measured the pre-treatment microfilarial densities of 2219 individuals. mean levels generally increased with age in both sexes, with a tendency to plateau at the highest ages. however, there was a reduction among women of approximately reproductive age. allowing for the tendency for aggregation to decrease with age, this reduction was statistically significant. however, a comparison of pregna ... | 1999 | 10466122 |
| assessment of combined ivermectin and albendazole for treatment of intestinal helminth and wuchereria bancrofti infections in haitian schoolchildren. | this randomized, placebo-controlled trial investigated the efficacy and nutritional benefit of combining chemotherapeutic treatment for intestinal helminths (albendazole) and lymphatic filariasis (ivermectin). children were infected with ascaris (29.2%), trichuris (42.2%), and hookworm (6.9%), with 54.7% of children having one or more of these parasites. wuchereria bancrofti microfilaria were found in 13.3% of the children. children were randomly assigned to treatment with placebo, albendazole, ... | 1999 | 10466981 |
| screening of army soldiers for wuchereria bancrofti infection in the metropolitan recife region, brazil: implications for epidemiological surveillance. | between 1989 and 1995, blood surveys were performed for wuchereria bancrofti infection in several barracks of the brazilian army in the metropolitan recife region. for initial screening, 60 microliters of capillary blood were examined for microfilaria. all men who tested positive had microfilaria quantified by filtration of venous blood through a polycarbonate membrane. of 23,773 men screened, 585 (2.5%) had microfilaria (mf). microfilarial density ranged from < 1-8706 mf/ml of blood. thirteen i ... | 1999 | 10470342 |
| long-term suppression of mansonella streptocerca microfilariae after treatment with ivermectin. | the long-term effect of a single oral dose of 150 microg/kg of body weight of ivermectin on mansonella streptocerca microfilariae was studied in western uganda. before treatment, the geometric mean microfilaria density (mf) in 93 infected persons was 2.4 mf/mg of skin (range, 0.1-42.6). one year after treatment, 43 persons (46%) were microfilaria-negative, and the geometric mean in the remaining persons dropped significantly, to 0.7 mf/mg (range, 0.1-6.9). thus, ivermectin is highly effective ag ... | 1999 | 10479183 |
| mass treatment with ivermectin for filariasis control in papua new guinea: impact on mosquito survival. | field studies were carried out to determine the impact of mass human treatment with ivermectin on the survival of anthropophagic mosquitoes of the anopheles punctulatus complex (diptera: culicidae), the vectors of lymphatic filariasis and malaria in papua new guinea. in a village where mass treatment had been given, using 400 microg/kg ivermectin plus 6 mg/kg diethylcarbamazine citrate (dec), we performed pre- and post-treatment collections of freshly blood-engorged mosquitoes from the same nine ... | 1999 | 10484157 |
| enhanced recovery of fourth stage larvae of wuchereria bancrofti from mongolian gerbil, meriones unguiculatus & their in vitro maintenance. | earlier attempts to produce different stages of w. bancrofti, such as fourth stage larvae (l4), in small animal models have yielded very low recovery rates. in order to enhance the recovery of l4, two routes of inoculating a small animal, m. unguiculatus, with infective larvae (l3) viz., intraperitoneal and intrathoracic routes, were compared. on day 17 post-inoculation, higher percentage (23-25%) of l4 were recovered from animals inoculated intrathoracically compared to that from animals inocul ... | 1999 | 10489739 |
| comparative evaluation of three new tools for diagnosis of bancroftian filariasis based on detection of specific circulating antigens. | three new and commercially available tools for diagnosis of wuchereria bancrofti infections based on detection of specific circulating antigens were evaluated and compared in the same group of individuals from a highly endemic village in southern ghana. the tests were: (1) the ict card test for serum specimens; (2) the tropbio elisa test for serum specimens; and (3) the tropbio elisa test for filter-paper specimens. a high degree of positive/negative response similarity was observed for the 3 te ... | 1999 | 10492759 |
| diagnosis of wuchereria bancrofti infection by the polymerase chain reaction employing patients' sputum. | a preliminary evaluation of the diagnostic potential of a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay using diurnally collected sputum from bancroftian filariasis patients is described. a new set of pcr primers amplifying a 254-bp-long sequence termed acci, derived from a long dispersed repeated sequence and sspi primers previously employed for pcr-based diagnosis were employed in this study with similar results. of the 34 sputum samples from patients, 32 (94%) were pcr positive. of the 18 patients wi ... | 1999 | 10494812 |
| proposed panel of diagnostic criteria, including the use of ultrasound, to refine the concept of 'endemic normals' in lymphatic filariasis. | although living adult wuchereria bancrofti worms can be detected by ultrasound examination of the scrotal area in approximately 80% of men infected with this filarial parasite, the location of the adult worms in the remaining 20% remains unclear. to determine this, 32 individuals who had w. bancrofti microfilaraemia but no adult worms detectable on ultrasound were treated with diethylcarbarmazine (dec), either with a single 6 mg/kg dose (n = 13) or with a 12-day course of 6 mg/kg per day (n = 19 ... | 1999 | 10499081 |
| wolbachia bacteria of filarial nematodes. | the finding that the intracellular bacteria of filarial nematodes are related to the wolbachia symbionts of arthropods has generated great interest. here, mark taylor and achim hoerauf review recent studies by several groups on the structure, distribution and phylogeny of these endosymbionts, and discuss the potential role for these bacteria in filarial disease and as a target for chemotherapy. | 1999 | 10511685 |
| high prevalence of bancroftian filariasis in myanmar-migrant workers: a study in mae sot district, tak province, thailand. | although the prevalence of lymphatic filariasis in the thai population is low, migration of myanmar labor into thailand may increase the incidence of bancroftian filariasis. epidemiology of filariasis in myanmars has not been precisely determined. by using microscopic examination, we found that the microfilarial rate in 654 myanmar migrants working in mae sot, tak province, was 4.4 per cent. the highest microfilarial rate was found in males aged 21-30 years (6.8%). history of mosquito bites was ... | 1999 | 10511777 |
| diagnosis of microfilaria in gastric brush cytology. a case report. | filariasis due to wuchereria bancrofti is endemic to southern asia. while the laboratory diagnosis has been conventionally made by demonstrating microfilariae in peripheral blood smears, these have also been occasionally diagnosed on aspiration cytology of various organs. | 1999 | 10518142 |
| [survey of lymphatic filariasis on ouvea island in new caledonia]. | several cases of bancroftian filariasis were recently reported on ouvea island which is part of the archipelago of new caledonia located in the south pacific ocean. following these reports systematic screening was carried out in a group of 382 adult consultees at two medical dispensaries. tests to detect microfilariae in the blood and antibodies in serum were performed at the pasteur institute in new caledonia and the malarde institute in papeete, french polynesia, respectively. of the two subje ... | 1999 | 10546187 |
| antigenicity of a filarial protease from setaria digitata in wuchereria bancrofti infection. | a protease isolated from adult setaria digitata revealed a single, 110-kda band in a gelatin-impregnated, substrate gel. analysis with specific inhibitors indicated it to be a metallo-protease. igg from chronic filarial patients living in an area of orissa, india, endemic for wuchereria bancrofti was able to neutralize the proteolytic activity of this enzyme completely. igg from asymptomatic microfilaraemics and endemic normals (asymptomatic amicrofilaraemics) only caused partial inhibition and ... | 1999 | 10562830 |