| the expression of tlr9 in human cutaneous leishmaniasis is associated with granuloma. | the toll-like receptor (tlr) signalling pathway is the first system that defends against leishmania. after recognising leishmania as nonself, tlrs trigger nf-κb expression.nf-κb proceeds to the nucleus and promotes the transcription of pro-inflammatory cytokines. tlr9 is thus an important factor in the induction of an effective immune response against leishmania. we examined the pattern of tlr9 expression in 12 patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by leishmania braziliensis detected by p ... | 2010 | 21086718 |
| therapeutic failure in american cutaneous leishmaniasis is associated with gelatinase activity and cytokine expression. | cutaneous lesions caused by leishmania braziliensis infection occasionally heal spontaneously, but with antimonials therapy heal rapidly in approximately 3 weeks. however, about 15% of the cases require several courses of therapy. matrix metalloproteinase-2 (mmp-2) and mmp-9 are gelatinases that have been implicated in other chronic cutaneous diseases and skin re-epithelialization. these enzymes are controlled by their natural inhibitors [tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase (timps)] and by so ... | 2010 | 21091666 |
| exacerbation of leishmania (viannia) shawi infection in balb/c mice after immunization with soluble antigen from amastigote forms. | the present study aimed to evaluate the effects of immunization with soluble amastigote (amaag) and promastigote (proag) antigens from leishmania (viannia) shawi on the course of infection in balb/c mice. after immunization with amaag, the challenged group showed greater lesion size and parasite load in the skin and lymph nodes, associated with diminished interleukin (il)-2, il-4, il-10, interferon (ifn)-γ and nitrate levels in the supernatant of lymph node cell cultures, together with increases ... | 2010 | 21091779 |
| evidence of rna editing in leishmania braziliensis promastigotes. | rna editing in trypanosomatids is an elaborate form of post-transcriptional processing that inserts and deletes uridines in many mitochondrial pre-mrnas, providing the genetic information needed to create functional transcripts. the process has been extensively analyzed in trypanosoma brucei, crithidia fasciculata, and leishmania tarentolae. however, few data exist on this mechanism in pathogenic leishmania species. here, we show evidence that this process also operates in leishmania braziliensi ... | 2010 | 21132328 |
| pcr-rflp of ribosomal internal transcribed spacers highlights inter and intra-species variation among leishmania strains native to la paz, bolivia. | human leishmaniasis is highly endemic in bolivia and shows a growing incidence. this report reveals the genetic variability of 35 isolates mainly belonging to leishmania braziliensis and leishmania amazonensis species. among them, 31 were from human patients with different clinical presentations, 3 strains from lutzomya nuneztovari anglesi (the proven vector of l. amazonensis) and 1 strain of a mammal (conepatus chinga). the isolates were analyzed by isoenzyme electrophoresis (mlee) and pcr-rflp ... | 2010 | 21138774 |
| natural infection of nyssomyia neivai by leishmania (viannia) spp. in the state of paraná, southern brazil, detected by multiplex polymerase chain reaction. | natural sandfly infection by leishmania spp. in an area endemic for american cutaneous leishmaniasis was analyzed using multiplex polymerase chain reaction (pcr). the sandflies were captured using falcão light traps in an endemic area of the municipality of doutor camargo during march, april, and june 2008. in total, 1803 females were analyzed; 1755 were nyssomyia neivai (pinto) and 48 were nyssomyia whitmani (antunes and coutinho). multiplex pcr analyses using mp3h-mp1l and 5llcac-3llcac primer ... | 2010 | 21142960 |
| leishmania spp. in didelphis albiventris and micoureus paraguayanus (didelphimorphia: didelphidae) of brazil. | leishmaniasis is kept in nature by the participation of several animal species. this study evaluated the presence of leishmania spp. in skin samples of free-ranging marsupials micoureus paraguayanus (n=95) and didelphis albiventris (n=191), captured in morro do diabo state park and in sections of its surrounding forest, in the region of pontal do paranapanema, são paulo state, brazil. the samples were tested for the presence of kdna of leishmania spp. by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and by re ... | 2010 | 21144664 |
| prevalence of leishmania spp. infection in domestic dogs in chapare, bolivia. | data on leishmania spp. infection in dogs in bolivia is scarce. dogs from an area where 90% of human cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) cases are due to leishmania (viannia) braziliensis were screened for leishmania infection using established enzyme-linked immunosorbent antibody test (elisa) protocols. although none of the 51 dogs surveyed had clinical lesions indicative of cl, 6 out of 51 (11.8%) sampled dogs tested positive by elisa. | 2010 | 21146310 |
| enhancement of experimental cutaneous leishmaniasis by leishmania molecules is dependent on interleukin-4, serine protease/esterase activity, and parasite and host genetic backgrounds. | most inbred strains of mice, like the balb/c strain, are susceptible to leishmania amazonensis infections and resistant to leishmania braziliensis infections. this parasite-related difference could result from the activity of an l. amazonensis-specific virulence factor. in agreement with this hypothesis, it is shown here that the intravenous injection of balb/c mice with l. amazonensis amastigote extract (lae) but not the l. braziliensis extract confers susceptibility to l. braziliensis infectio ... | 2010 | 21173308 |
| distribution of phlebotomine sand flies (diptera: psychodidae) in a primary forest-crop interface, salta, argentina. | disordered urbanization and deforestation are the main activities proposed as causal factors of re-emergence of american cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by leishmania braziliensis. the purpose of this work was to investigate, in the hyperendemic area of argentina, the distribution of phlebotomine sand flies at the modified primary vegetation-crop interface, as one of the potential sites where the effects of changing landscape on sand fly populations may be manifested. twenty samplings were made b ... | 2010 | 21175047 |
| phlebotomine sand flies (diptera: psychodidae) and leishmania infection in gafanhoto park, divinópolis, brazil. | the potential of gafanhoto park as an american cutaneous leishmaniasis (acl) focus was evaluated by examination of sand fly vectors of the leishmania parasite. this forest remnant is located in a periurban area of divin6polis, brazil, where autochthonous cases of acl have been reported. sand fly populations were monitored over a 2-yr period (2006-2008) by using light traps (hp and shannon). during systematic collections with hp traps, 824 specimens in total (342 males and 482 females) of 21 spec ... | 2010 | 21175074 |
| miltefosine in the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by leishmania braziliensis in brazil: a randomized and controlled trial. | cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) is treated with parenteral drugs for decades with decreasing rate cures. miltefosine is an oral medication with anti-leishmania activity and may increase the cure rates and improve compliance. | 2010 | 21200420 |
| detc induces leishmania parasite killing in human in vitro and murine in vivo models: a promising therapeutic alternative in leishmaniasis. | chemotherapy remains the primary tool for treatment and control of human leishmaniasis. however, currently available drugs present serious problems regarding side-effects, variable efficacy, and cost. affordable and less toxic drugs are urgently needed for leishmaniasis. | 2010 | 21200432 |
| a species-specific approach to the use of non-antimony treatments for cutaneous leishmaniasis. | we used a species-specific approach to treat 10 patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis diagnosed using polymerase chain reaction. non-antimony treatments (oral miltefosine, ketoconazole, and liposomal amphotericin b) were chosen as an alternative to pentavalent antimony drugs based on likely or proven drug efficacy against the infecting species. leishmania viannia panamensis was diagnosed in three patients and treated successfully with oral ketoconazole. miltefosine treatment cured two patients w ... | 2011 | 21212212 |
| the molecular detection of different leishmania species within sand flies from a cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis sympatric area in southeastern brazil. | over the last 20 years, there has been an increase in the number of leishmaniasis cases in brazil. belo horizonte (bh) is one of the most highly populated brazilian cities that is affected by visceral leishmaniasis (vl). the health services in bh are coordinated by a central nucleus that is subdivided into nine sanitary districts. historically, the highest level of human vl cases was found in the northeast sanitary district (nsd). the objective of our study was to detect leishmania infection in ... | 2010 | 21225201 |
| il-17 and regulatory cytokines (il-10 and il-27) in l. braziliensis infection. | cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) is characterized by high production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and development of pathology. individuals with subclinical l. braziliensis infection (sc) have a positive skin test to leishmania, but do not develop disease. we evaluated whether the downregulation of inflammatory response in sc is mediated by il-10 and il-27 and whether il-17 is associated with control of infection. participants include sc individuals, patients with cl and healthy subjects. cytokines ... | 2011 | 21226726 |
| leishmania (viannia) braziliensis identification by pcr in the state of para, brazil. | the incidence of cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) is increasing and there is limited surveillance of leishmania species throughout the world. we identified the species associated with cl in a region of amazonia, an area recognized for its leishmania species variability. clinical findings were analyzed and correlated with the species identified in 93 patients. pcr assays were based on small subunit ribosomal dna (ssu-rdna) and g6pd, and were performed in a laboratory located 3,500km away. leishmania ... | 2011 | 21241996 |
| dogs as reservoirs for leishmania braziliensis. | | 2011 | 21291626 |
| randomized controlled clinical trial to access efficacy and safety of miltefosine in the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by leishmania (viannia) guyanensis in manaus, brazil. | miltefosine has been used in the treatment of several new world cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) species with variable efficacy. our study is the first evidence on its clinical efficacy in leishmania (viannia) guyanensis. in this phase ii/iii randomized clinical trial, 90 cl patients were randomly allocated (2:1) to oral miltefosine (2.5 mg/kg/day/28 days) (n = 60) or parenteral antimony (15-20 mg/sb/kg/day/20 days) (n = 30) according to age groups: 2-12 y/o and 13-65 y/o. patients were human immuno ... | 2011 | 21292895 |
| cell cycle arrest evidence, parasiticidal and bactericidal properties induced by l-amino acid oxidase from bothrops atrox snake venom. | the present article describes an l-amino acid oxidase from bothrops atrox snake venom as with antiprotozoal activities in trypanosoma cruzi and in different species of leishmania (leishmania braziliensis, leishmania donovani and leishmania major). leishmanicidal effects were inhibited by catalase, suggesting that they are mediated by h(2)o(2) production. leishmania spp. cause a spectrum of diseases, ranging from self-healing ulcers to disseminated and often fatal infections, depending on the spe ... | 2011 | 21300133 |
| leishmania rna virus controls the severity of mucocutaneous leishmaniasis. | mucocutaneous leishmaniasis is caused by infections with intracellular parasites of the leishmania viannia subgenus, including leishmania guyanensis. the pathology develops after parasite dissemination to nasopharyngeal tissues, where destructive metastatic lesions form with chronic inflammation. currently, the mechanisms involved in lesion development are poorly understood. here we show that metastasizing parasites have a high leishmania rna virus-1 (lrv1) burden that is recognized by the host ... | 2011 | 21311023 |
| [evidence of transmission of visceral leishmaniasis by lutzomyia cruzi in the municipality of jaciara, state of mato grosso, brazil]. | the municipality of jaciara was classified in 2003 as a transmission area for visceral leishmaniasis in outbreak situations. this study aimed to establish evidence of transmission of leishmania (leishmania) infantum chagasi by lutzomyia cruzi in the municipality of jaciara, state of mato grosso, brazil. | 2011 | 21340413 |
| laboratory tests performed on leishmania seroreactive dogs euthanized by the leishmaniasis control program. | in 2008, in the west zone of rio de janeiro municipality-brazil, the leishmaniasis control program identified 155 dogs with titers = 40 by indirect immunofluorescence (iif) on blood collected onto filter paper. the objective of this study was to describe the laboratory test findings performed in dogs euthanized by the leishmaniasis program control of rio de janeiro municipality. dogs were examined, subjected to euthanasia and collection of clinical specimens. parasite isolation was obtained in 2 ... | 2011 | 21349644 |
| the sand fly fauna (psychodidae: phlebotominae) in the region of saquarema, state of rio de janeiro, brazil, an endemic area of cutaneous leishmaniasis transmission. | cutaneous leishmaniasis, caused by leishmania (viannia) braziliensis, is sporadic in many rural and suburban areas of rio de janeiro state. an investigation was carried out during 2008/9 in the municipality of saquarema, rio de janeiro, southeast brazil, in order to identify the phlebotomine sand fly fauna. more than 2,100 sand flies were collected in peridomestic areas in two chicken coops using cdc light traps. nine species of phlebotomine sand flies were identified: nyssomyia intermedia, nyss ... | 2011 | 21366786 |
| balb/c mice infected with antimony treatment refractory isolate of leishmania braziliensis present severe lesions due to il-4 production. | leishmania braziliensis is the main causative agent of cutaneous leishmaniasis in brazil. protection against infection is related to development of th1 responses, but the mechanisms that mediate susceptibility are still poorly understood. murine models have been the most important tools in understanding the immunopathogenesis of l. major infection and have shown that th2 responses favor parasite survival. in contrast, l. braziliensis-infected mice develop strong th1 responses and easily resolve ... | 2011 | 21390155 |
| biological activity of three novel complexes with the ligand 5-methyl-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-7(4h)-one against leishmania spp. | we report on new 1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine complexes that have been developed and examined for both antiproliferative in vitro activity against leishmania infantum and leishmania braziliensis, and report their possible mechanism of action on l. infantum and l. braziliensis. | 2011 | 21393181 |
| mucosal leishmaniasis caused by leishmania (viannia) braziliensis and leishmania (viannia) guyanensis in the brazilian amazon. | leishmania (viannia) braziliensis is a parasite recognized as the most important etiologic agent of mucosal leishmaniasis (ml) in the new world. in amazonia, seven different species of leishmania, etiologic agents of human cutaneous leishmaniasis, have been described. isolated cases of ml have been described for several different species of leishmania: l. (v.) panamensis, l. (v.) guyanensis and l. (l.) amazonensis. | 2011 | 21408116 |
| leishmanicidal and cytotoxic activities of extracts and naturally-occurring compounds from two lauraceae species. | the in vitro leishmanicidal effects of ethanolic extracts and fifteen naturally-occurring compounds (five lignans, eight neolignans, a diterpene and a dihydrochalcone), obtained from pleurothyrium cinereum and ocotea macrophylla, were evaluated on promastigotes of leishmania panamensis and l. braziliensis. in addition, in order to determine the selective action on leishmania species as a safety principle, in vitro cytotoxicity on j774 cells was also evaluated for test compounds and extracts. one ... | 2011 | 21425681 |
| cutaneous leishmaniasis in three dutch military cohorts following jungle training in belize. | skin lesions occur frequently in travelers to tropical countries. military personnel acquire skin lesions regularly during jungle training as did dutch troops who trained in the jungle of belize in 1998, 2004 and 2009, in an area endemic for cutaneous leishmaniasis. demographic and clinical data were collected retrospectively. diagnostic investigations for cutaneous leishmaniasis included giemsa stain, culture, pcr and nasba and histopathology of biopsies. treatment of leishmaniasis was with sod ... | 2011 | 21450527 |
| antihelminthic therapy and antimony in cutaneous leishmaniasis: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in patients co-infected with helminths and leishmania braziliensis. | helminth infections influence the clinical response to certain diseases and are associated with delayed healing time of patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) caused by leishmania braziliensis. we conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial to examine the role of early versus deferred treatment of intestinal helminth infection on the clinical course of patients with cl treated with pentavalent antimony. (clinicaltrials.gov number nct00469495). a total of 90 patien ... | 2011 | 21460008 |
| polymerase chain reaction detection of leishmania kdna from the urine of peruvian patients with cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis. | we hypothesized that leishmania kdna may be present in urine of patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl). urine samples and standard diagnostic specimens were collected from patients with skin lesions. kdna polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was performed on samples from patients and 10 healthy volunteers from non-endemic areas. eighty-six of 108 patients were diagnosed with cl and 18 (21%) had detectable leishmania viannia kdna in the urine. sensitivity and specificity were 20.9% (95% confidence ... | 2011 | 21460009 |
| mucosal leishmania infantum infection. | mucosal leishmaniasis is a well-known clinical manifestation of infections caused by species belonging to the leishmania (viannia) subgenus in central and south america but not of leishmania species endemic in the so-called old world. we report on three cases of mucosal leishmaniasis caused by leishmania (leishmania) infantum contracted in southern europe. two patients were immunocompromised; one patient had no underlying condition. lesions were located in the oral mucosa, oesophagus and nose. a ... | 2011 | 21499751 |
| toll-like receptors participate in macrophage activation and intracellular control of leishmania (viannia) panamensis. | toll-like receptors (tlrs) play a central role in macrophage activation and control of parasitic infections. their contribution to the outcome of leishmania infection is just beginning to be deciphered. we examined the interaction of leishmania panamensis with tlrs in the activation of host macrophages. l. panamensis infection resulted in up-regulation of tlr1, tlr2, tlr3 and tlr4 expression, and induced tnfα secretion by human primary macrophages at comparable levels and kinetics as specific tl ... | 2011 | 21518783 |
| cytotoxicity and inhibition of platelet aggregation caused by an l-amino acid oxidase from bothrops leucurus venom. | multifunctional l-amino acid oxidases (laaos) occur widely in snake venoms. | 2011 | 21539897 |
| leishmania (viannia) infection in the domestic dog in chaparral, colombia. | abstract. peridomestic transmission of american cutaneous leishmaniasis is increasingly reported and dogs may be a reservoir of leishmania (viannia) in this setting. we investigated the prevalence of infection in dogs in chaparral county, colombia, the focus of an epidemic of human cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by leishmania (viannia) guyanensis. two (0.72%) of 279 dogs had lesions typical of cutaneous leishmaniasis that were biopsy positive by kinetoplast dna polymerase chain reaction-southern ... | 2011 | 21540374 |
| american cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by leishmania (viannia) braziliensis resistant to meglumine antimoniate, but with good response to pentamidine: a case report. | this is a case report of a brazilian soldier with cutaneous leishmaniasis. the lesion relapsed following two systemic treatments with meglumine antimoniate. the patient was treated with amphotericin b, which was interrupted due to poor tolerance. following isolation of leishmania sp., six intralesional infiltrations of meglumine antimoniate resulted in no response. leishmania sp promastigotes were again isolated. the patient was submitted to intramuscular 4mg/kg pentamidine. parasites from the f ... | 2011 | 21552747 |
| first clinical case of cutaneous leishmaniasis due to leishmania (viannia) braziliensis in a domestic cat from french guiana. | we report the first case of natural infection of a domestic female cat (felis catus) by leishmania (viannia) braziliensis in french guiana. the infected animal had a cutaneous ulcer on the nose and nodules of different sizes in the ears. the diagnosis was confirmed by molecular analysis of cutaneous samples that detected the presence of leishmania parasites and allowed identifying the leishmania (viannia) braziliensis species. the discovery of a cat infected by l. (v.) braziliensis suggests the ... | 2011 | 21570189 |
| comparative gene expression analysis throughout the life cycle of leishmania braziliensis: diversity of expression profiles among clinical isolates. | most of the leishmania genome is reported to be constitutively expressed during the life cycle of the parasite, with a few regulated genes. inter-species comparative transcriptomics evidenced a low number of species-specific differences related to differentially distributed genes or the differential regulation of conserved genes. it is of uppermost importance to ensure that the observed differences are indeed species-specific and not simply specific of the strains selected for representing the s ... | 2011 | 21572980 |
| in situ characterization of the granulomatous immune response with time in nonhealing lesional skin of leishmania braziliensis-infected rhesus macaques (macaca mulatta). | we have recently introduced a macaque (macaca mulatta) model of leishmania braziliensis-induced self-healing cutaneous leishmaniasis in which the t cell-mediated inflammatory response effectively promotes parasite clearance and granuloma resolution. here we show that macaques infected with a highly pathogenic l. braziliensis strain displayed longstanding granulomatous lesions which lasted until the end of the observation period (52 weeks). immunoperoxidase staining of representative tissue secti ... | 2011 | 21601294 |
| permanent genetic resources: a set of 12 microsatellite loci for genetic studies of leishmania braziliensis. | twelve microsatellite loci of leishmania braziliensis were examined, nine of which were developed in this work. fifty-six leishmania braziliensis were genotyped with these microsatellite loci. the 12 loci studied were polymorphic with the number of alleles ranging from five to 19, with a mean of 9.7 ± 4.1 and the observed heterozygosity averaging 0.425 ± 0.202. the important heterozygote deficits we observed (f(is) = 0.41, p value = 0.004) appear incompatible with the heterozygote excess expect ... | 2008 | 21585789 |
| energetic metabolism of axenic progmastigotes of leishmania (viannia) braziliensis. | leishmania spp are protozoans capable of carbohydrates degradation and as energy source they can use glucose, aminoacids or lipids from the environment. the products of the metabolic pathways such as organic acids may be used as an index of their energetic metabolic profile. therefore, in this study a metabolic profile comparison was made between promastigotes from one reference strain (mhom/br/1975/m2903) and two different isolates of leishmania (viannia) braziliensis (mhom/br/2003/img3 and mho ... | 2011 | 21627966 |
| lutzomyia longipalpis saliva or salivary protein ljm19 protects against leishmania braziliensis and the saliva of its vector, lutzomyia intermedia. | leishmania transmission occurs in the presence of insect saliva. immunity to phlebotomus papatasi or lutzomyia longipalpis saliva or salivary components confers protection against an infection by leishmania in the presence of the homologous saliva. however, immunization with lutzomyia intermedia saliva did not protect mice against leishmania braziliensis plus lu. intermedia saliva. in the present study, we have studied whether the immunization with lu. longipalpis saliva or a dna plasmid coding ... | 2011 | 21655303 |
| mmp-9 activity is induced by leishmania braziliensis infection and correlates with mucosal leishmaniasis. | infection of humans with leishmania braziliensis typically results in localized cutaneous leishmaniasis (lcl). rarely, after months or years of apparent clinical cure, some patients develop the destructive mucosal leishmaniasis (ml). ml results from l. braziliensis dissemination, probably via phagocytic cells. as the preferred cells for leishmania spp. colonization, macrophages are critical to infection control, and may contribute to parasite dissemination. however, the host factors that determi ... | 2011 | 21663729 |
| leishmanicidal effect of spiranthera odoratíssima (rutaceae) and its isolated alkaloid skimmianine occurs by a nitric oxide dependent mechanism. | summaryleishmaniasis is one of the neglected diseases. high cost, systemic toxicity, and diminished efficacy due to development of resistance by the parasites has a negative impact on the current treatment options. thus, the search for a new, effective and safer anti-leishmanial drug becomes of paramount importance. compounds derived from natural products may be a better and cheaper source in this regard. this study evaluated the in vitro anti-leishmanial activity of spiranthera odoratíssima (ru ... | 2011 | 21810308 |
| cutaneous leishmaniasis with pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia simulating squamous cell carcinoma. | | 2011 | 21778837 |
| molecular detection of leishmania braziliensis in rattus norvegicus in an area endemic for cutaneous leishmaniasis in brazil. | leishmania nested pcr (lnpcr) targeted to the ssurrna gene and dna sequencing were used to analyze 315 tissue samples from 80 rattus norvegicus specimens trapped in an area endemic for leishmaniasis in belo horizonte, minas gerais, brazil. of the samples analyzed, 17.46% (55/315) of all tissues, 10% (8/80) of skin, 26.92% (21/78) of blood, 30.76% (24/78) of bone marrow and 2.53% (2/79) of spleen were positive for leishmania. the overall infection prevalence was 36.25% (29/80) the dna sequencing ... | 2011 | 21767914 |
| characterization of monomeric dna-binding protein histone h1 in leishmania braziliensis. | summaryhistone h1 in leishmania presents relevant differences compared to higher eukaryote counterparts, such as the lack of a dna-binding central globular domain. despite that, it is apparently fully functional since its differential expression levels have been related to changes in chromatin condensation and infectivity, among other features. the localization and the aggregation state of l. braziliensis h1 has been determined by immunolocalization, mass spectrometry, cross-linking and electrop ... | 2011 | 21767437 |
| rna interference in protozoan parasites: achievements and challenges. | protozoan parasites that profoundly affect mankind represent an exceptionally diverse group of organisms, including plasmodium, toxoplasma, entamoeba, giardia, trypanosomes and leishmania. despite the overwhelming impact of these parasites, there remain many aspects to be discovered about mechanisms of pathogenesis and how these organisms survive in the host. combined with the ever increasing availability of sequenced genomes, rna interference (rnai), discovered a mere 13 years ago, has enormous ... | 2011 | 21764910 |
| trimethoxy-chalcone derivatives inhibit growth of leishmania braziliensis: synthesis, biological evaluation, molecular modeling and structure-activity relationship (sar). | in this work we described the synthesis, the antileishmanial activity and the molecular modeling and structure-activity relationship (sar) evaluations of a series of chalcone derivatives. among these compounds, the methoxychalcones 2h, 2i, 2j, 2k and 2l showed significant antileishmanial activity (ic(50)<10µm). interestingly 2i (ic(50)=2.7µm), 2j (ic(50)=3.9µm) and 2k (ic(50)=4.6µm) derivatives presented better antileishmanial activity than the control drug pentamidine (ic(50)=6.0µm). our sar st ... | 2011 | 21757358 |
| identification of leishmania spp. by molecular amplification and dna sequencing analysis of a fragment of the rrna internal transcribed spacer 2 (its2). | isoenzyme analysis of cultured parasites is the conventional approach for leishmania species identification. molecular approaches have the potential to be more sensitive and rapid. we designed polymerase chain reaction (pcr) generic primers to amplify a segment of the rrna internal transcribed spacer 2 (its2) from multiple leishmania species. to validate the selected its2 fragment, we tested clinical specimens and compared the species results obtained by the molecular approach (pcr, followed by ... | 2011 | 21752983 |
| the in vitro leishmanicidal activity of hexadecylphosphocholine (miltefosine) against four medically relevant leishmania species of brazil. | the in vitro leishmanicidal activity of miltefosine-« (zentaris gmbh) was assessed against four medically relevant leishmania species of brazil: leishmania (leishmania) amazonensis, leishmania (viannia) braziliensis, leishmania (viannia) guyanensis and leishmania (leishmania) chagasi. the activity of miltefosine against these new world species was compared to its activity against the old world strain, leishmania (leishmania) donovani, which is known to be sensitive to the effects of miltefosine. ... | 2011 | 21739037 |
| lesion size correlates with leishmania antigen-stimulated tnf-levels in human cutaneous leishmaniasis. | cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) is a worldwide disease endemic in several regions of the globe. the hallmark of cl is skin ulcers likely driven by efforts of the immune system to control leishmania growth. cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor (tnf) and interferon-gamma can control disease progression in animal models. nevertheless, the impact of these cytokines in cl ulcer outcome is not well established in humans. in this study, 96 cl patients from an endemic area of leishmania braziliensis we ... | 2011 | 21734128 |
| seco-limonoids and quinoline alkaloids from raputia heptaphylla and their antileishmanial activity. | a novel seco-limonoid, rel-(1s,5r,9s,7r,8s,9r,10s,11r,13s,14r,15r,17r)-11,19-dihydroxy-7-acetoxy-7-deoxoichangin (raputiolide) (1), and two novel quinolone alkaloids n-methyl-2-phenoxyquinolin-4(1h)-one (heptaphyllone a) (2) and 6-methylbenzofuro[2,3-b]quinolin-4(1h)-one (heptaphyllone b) (3), along with the known seco-limonoid ichangin (4), were isolated from raputia heptaphylla pittier (rutaceae) stem bark. five known alkaloids, n-methyl-8-methoxyflindersine (5), skimmianine (6), kokusaginine ... | 2011 | 21720036 |
| cd4(+) t cells defined by their v+¦ t cell receptor expression are associated with immunoregulatory profiles and lesion size in human leishmaniasis. | leishmaniasis is caused by infection with the protozoan parasite, leishmania, that parasitizes human cells, and the cellular immune response is essential for controlling infection. in order to measure the host t cell response to leishmania infection, we have measured the expansion, activation state and functional potential of specific t cells as identified by their t cell receptor v+¦ region expression. in a group of cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) patients, we evaluated these characteristics in ni ... | 2011 | 21726211 |
| reappraisal of the immunopathogenesis of disseminated leishmaniasis: in situ and systemic immune response. | disseminated leishmaniasis (dl) is an emerging form of leishmania braziliensis infection characterised by multiple cutaneous lesions on different parts of the body and a high rate of mucosal involvement. systemic production of tnf+¦ and ifn+¦ in dl patients is lower than in cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) caused by l. braziliensis, which may account for parasite dissemination due to the decreased ability to control parasite growth. in this study, the systemic and in situ immune response of dl and c ... | 2011 | 21723576 |
| tlr1/2 activation during heterologous prime-boost vaccination (dna-mva) enhances cd8+ t cell responses providing protection against leishmania (viannia). | leishmania (viannia) parasites present particular challenges, as human and murine immune responses to infection are distinct from other leishmania species, indicating a unique interaction with the host. further, vaccination studies utilizing small animal models indicate that modalities and antigens that prevent infection by other leishmania species are generally not protective. | 2011 | 21695103 |
| Reproductive strategies and population structure in Leishmania: substantial amount of sex in Leishmania Viannia guyanensis. | Leishmania species of the subgenus Viannia and especially Leishmania Viannia guyanensis are responsible for a large proportion of New World leishmaniasis cases. Since a recent publication on Leishmania Viannia braziliensis, the debate on the mode of reproduction of Leishmania parasites has been reopened. A predominant endogamic reproductive mode (mating with relatives), together with strong Wahlund effects (sampling of strains from heterogeneous subpopulations), was indeed evidenced. To determin ... | 2011 | 21722225 |
| Chromosome and gene copy number variation allow major structural change between species and strains of Leishmania. | Leishmania parasites cause a spectrum of clinical pathology in humans ranging from disfiguring cutaneous lesions to fatal visceral leishmaniasis. We have generated a reference genome for Leishmania mexicana and refined the reference genomes for Leishmania major, Leishmania infantum, and Leishmania braziliensis. This has allowed the identification of a remarkably low number of genes or paralog groups (2, 14, 19, and 67, respectively) unique to one species. These were found to be conserved in addi ... | 2011 | 22038252 |
| leishmania species identification using fta card sampling directly from patients' cutaneous lesions in the state of lara, venezuela. | a molecular epidemiological study was performed using fta card materials directly sampled from lesions of patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) in the state of lara, venezuela, where causative agents have been identified as leishmania (viannia) braziliensis and l. (leishmania) venezuelensis in previous studies. of the 17 patients diagnosed with cl, leishmania spp. were successfully identified in 16 patients based on analysis of the cytochrome b gene and rrna internal transcribed spacer sequ ... | 2011 | 21907375 |
| disposition of antimony in rhesus monkeys infected with leishmania braziliensis and treated with meglumine antimoniate. | antimony (sb) disposition and toxicity was evaluated in leishmania braziliensis-infected monkeys (macaca mulatta) treated with a 21-d course of low (low) or standard (std) meglumine antimoniate (ma) dosage regimens (5 or 20 mg sb(v)/kg body weight/d im). antimony levels in biological matrices were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (icpms), while on-line ion chromatography coupled to icpms was used to separate and quantify sb species in plasma. nadir sb levels rose steadi ... | 2012 | 22129235 |
| treatment of imported new world cutaneous leishmaniasis in germany. | cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl), a parasitic disease which represents a public health problem, particularly in central and south america, has become a leading condition in travelers who return from tropical countries with skin disorders. cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by leishmania (viannia) braziliensis, the most common causative agent, requires systemic treatment because it is potentially able to disseminate and to cause mucosal or mucocutaneous disease. although several drugs are available for t ... | 2011 | 22004484 |
| high-dose oral fluconazole therapy effective for cutaneous leishmaniasis due to leishmania (vianna) braziliensis. | we report for the first time the successful use of fluconazole to treat cutaneous leishmaniasis due to leishmania braziliensis. we used escalating doses from 5 to 8 mg/kg per day. at a dose of 5 mg/kg per day, 75% patients were cured, and at 8 mg/kg per day, the cure rate was 100%. fluconazole was well tolerated. | 2011 | 21890773 |
| muco-cutaneous leishmaniasis in the new world: the ultimate subversion. | infection by the human protozoan parasite leishmania can lead, depending primarily on the parasite species, to either cutaneous or mucocutaneous lesions, or fatal generalized visceral infection. in the new world, leishmania (viannia) species can cause mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (mcl). clinical mcl involves a strong hyper-inflammatory response and parasitic dissemination (metastasis) from a primary lesion to distant sites, leading to destructive metastatic secondary lesions especially in the nas ... | 2011 | 21971185 |
| american tegumentary leishmaniasis and hiv-aids association in a tertiary care center in the brazilian amazon. | american tegumentary leishmaniasis (atl) and human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) are both common infectious diseases in the brazilian amazon with overlapping expansion areas, which leads to the occurrence of leishmania/hiv coinfection. most atl/hiv-acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) association cases have been reported from areas where leishmania (viannia) braziliensis is the main pathogen; this finding is in contrast with the amazon region, where l. (v.) guyanensis is the most implicated ... | 2011 | 21896816 |
| Immunophenotyping of circulating T cells in a mucosal leishmaniasis patient coinfected with HIV. | HIV coinfection modifies the clinical course of leishmaniasis by promoting a Th2 pattern of cytokine production. However, little information is available regarding the lymphocytic response in untreated coinfected patients. This work presents the immunophenotyping of Leishmania-stimulated T cells from a treatment-naÏve HIV+ patient with ML. Leishmania braziliensis antigens induced CD69 expression on CD3+CD4+ and CD3+CD8+ cells. It also increased IL-4 intracellular staining on CD3+CD4+GATA3- popul ... | 2011 | 21860904 |
| Analysis of the protective potential of antigens released by Leishmania (Viannia) shawi promastigotes. | Leishmania (Viannia) shawi causes cutaneous lesions in humans. Parasite antigens conferring significant protection against American tegumentar leishmaniosis (ATL) might be important for the development of effective vaccine. Therefore, this work evaluates the protective effect of antigenic fractions released by L. shawi. Antigens released by promastigotes to culture medium were concentrated and isolated by SDS-PAGE. The three main fractions LsPass1 (>75 kDa), LsPass2 (75-50 kDa) and LsPass3 (<50 ... | 2012 | 21882046 |
| evaluation of an elisa for canine leishmaniasis immunodiagnostic using recombinant proteins. | the present work describes the isolation and purification of two leishmania chagasi (= syn. leishmania infantum) recombinant proteins, rlci2b and rlci1a, and their use in the development of an immunoassay for the diagnostic of canine leishmaniasis. after protein expression and cell disruption, rlci2b was purified by immobilized metal affinity chromatography followed by size exclusion chromatography, whereas rlci1a, expressed as an inclusion body, was treated with urea and purified by anion-excha ... | 2012 | 21929686 |
| multilocus genotyping reveals a polyphyletic pattern among naturally antimony-resistant leishmania braziliensis isolates from peru. | in order to understand the epidemiological dynamics of antimonial (sb(v)) resistance in zoonotic tegumentary leishmaniasis and its link with treatment outcome, we analyzed the population structure of 24 peruvian leishmania braziliensis clinical isolates with known in vitro antimony susceptibility and clinical phenotype by multilocus microsatellite typing (14 microsatellite loci). the genetic variability in the peruvian isolates was high and the multilocus genotypes were strongly differentiated f ... | 2011 | 21871584 |
| a cutaneous ulcer resulting from mycobacterium ulcerans--leishmania braziliensis coinfection in south america. | buruli ulcer is a tropical skin disease caused by mycobacterium ulcerans. its mode of transmission is not yet clearly understood. we report here a cutaneous ulcer in a european traveler in south america resulting from a coinfection detected specifically for mycobacterium ulcerans and leishmania braziliensis dna with real-time polymerase chain reaction. this observation of a unique cutaneous ulcer raises the issue about possible modes of transmission of those two pathogens by the same vector. | 2011 | 22049045 |
| molecular diagnosis of leishmania mexicana in a cutaneous leishmaniasis case in sinaloa, mexico. | abstract leishmaniasis has been considered endemic in sinaloa, mexico, since 1994. despite that leishmania mexicana is the main etiological agent of cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) in other regions of mexico, the species causing cl in patients from sinaloa state has not been previously established, although leishmania braziliensis has been found in the neighboring southern state, nayarit. l. braziliensis is also associated with mucocutaneous leishmaniasis, which is a more complicated clinical var ... | 2011 | 21923263 |
| in vitro leishmanicidal activity of imidazole- or pyrazole-based benzo[g]phthalazine derivatives against leishmania infantum and leishmania braziliensis species. | objectives: to evaluate the in vitro leishmanicidal activity of imidazole-based (1-4) and pyrazole-based (5-6) benzo[g]phthalazine derivatives against leishmania infantum and leishmania braziliensis. methods: the in vitro activity of compounds 1-6 was assayed on extracellular promastigote and axenic amastigote forms, and on intracellular amastigote forms of the parasites. infectivity and cytotoxicity tests were performed on j774.2 macrophage cells using meglumine antimoniate (glucantime) as the ... | 2011 | 22127582 |
| the influence of natural rubber/au nanoparticle membranes on the physiology of leishmania brasiliensis. | the development of nanotechnology has generated new means of disease diagnosis and treatment. infectious diseases, including leishmaniasis, malaria, etc., have benefited from the advent of new nanomaterials and/or nanodevices capable of detecting specific antigens and antibodies with high specificity and low cost. in this paper, we present an investigation on a single-celled protozoan leishmaniasis parasite, a disease considered of standard infectivity, given the high degree of immunological spe ... | 2011 | 22101110 |
| wild, synanthropic and domestic hosts of leishmania in an endemic area of cutaneous leishmaniasis in minas gerais state, brazil. | domestic, synanthropic and wild hosts of leishmania spp. parasites were studied in an area endemic for american tegumentary leishmaniasis (atl), specifically in northern minas gerais state, brazil. domestic dogs and small forest mammals are reservoir hosts for l. (leishmania) infantum. however, the role that these animals play in the transmission cycle of the leishmania spp. that cause cutaneous leishmaniasis is not well known. this study evaluated 72 rodents, 25 marsupials and 98 domestic dogs ... | 2011 | 21890159 |
| in vitro and in vivo behaviour of sympatric leishmania (v.) braziliensis, l. (v.) peruviana and their hybrids. | summaryleishmania (viannia) braziliensis is the main cause of highly disfiguring mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (mcl) in south america. the related species l. (v.) peruviana has only been identified in simple cutaneous lesions (cl). hybrids between l. braziliensis and l. peruviana have been reported although genetic exchange in leishmania is considered to be rare. here we compared growth in vitro, adaptive capacity under thermal and oxidative stress and behaviour in a hamster model, of l. brazilien ... | 2011 | 22054424 |
| natural infection of leishmania (viannia) braziliensis in mus musculus captured in mato grosso, brazil. | abstract we report natural infection by leishmania (viannia) braziliensis in mus musculus and necromys lasiurus using molecular analyses (pcr-rflp) of femoral bone marrow and skin fragments. the aim of this study was to detect infection by pathogenic species of leishmania in small mammals in the state of mato grosso, brazil. the animals were captured in peixoto de azevedo, a cutaneous leishmaniasis-endemic region located in the north of the state, from october 30 to november 3, 2008. natural i ... | 2011 | 21923255 |
| lutzomyia (pintomyia) fischeri (diptera: psychodidae: phlebotominae), a probable vector of american cutaneous leishmaniasis: detection of natural infection by leishmania (viannia) dna in specimens from the municipality of porto alegre (rs), brazil, using multiplex pcr assay. | in order to determine natural leishmania (viannia) infection in lutzomyia (pintomyia) fischeri, a multiplex pcr methodology coupled to non-isotopic hybridization was adopted for the analysis of sand fly samples collected by cdc light traps in an endemic area of american cutaneous leishmaniasis (acl) in the periurban region of the municipality of porto alegre, rio grande do sul state, brazil. we analyzed by pcr methodology 560 specimens of lutzomyia (pintomyia) fischeri (520 females and 40 males) ... | 2011 | 21939631 |
| Use of ELISA employing homologous and heterologous antigens for the detection of IgG and subclasses (IgG1 and IgG2) in the diagnosis of canine visceral leishmaniasis. | Indirect immunofluorescence is the method recommended for the diagnosis of visceral leishmanisis in dogs, however, the accuracy of this technique is low and its use on a large scale is limited. Since ELISA does not present these limitations, this technique might be an option for the detection of IgG or specific IgG1 and IgG2 subclasses. Canine ehrlichiosis is an important differential diagnosis of American Visceral Leishmaniasis (AVL). The present study compared ELISA using Leishmania chagasi an ... | 2011 | 22012455 |
| Identification of the HSP70-II gene in Leishmania braziliensis HSP70 locus: genomic organization and UTRs characterization. | The heat stress suffered by Leishmania sp during its digenetic life-cycle is a key trigger for its stage differentiation. In Leishmania subgenera two classes of HSP70 genes differing in their 3' UTR were described. Although the presence of HSP70-I genes was previously suggested in Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis, HSP70-II genes had been reluctant to be uncovered. | 2011 | 21871099 |
| Leishmania (Viannia) shawi purified antigens confer protection against murine cutaneous leishmaniasis. | OBJECTIVE: Leishmania (Viannia) shawi was characterized only recently, and few studies concerning the immunogenic and protective properties of its antigens have been performed. The present study aimed to evaluate the protective potential of the five antigenic fractions isolated from L. (V.) shawi promastigotes in experimental cutaneous leishmaniasis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Soluble antigen ... | 2011 | 22166919 |
| leishmania (viannia) species identification on clinical samples from cutaneous leishmaniasis patients in peru: assessment of a molecular stepwise approach. | we present an algorithm based on three pcr assays for leishmania (viannia) species identification and assessed its performance using 70 specimens from peruvian patients. the succession of the assayed targets can be ordered according to species prevalence. sequential progression through the algorithm reduced the number of samples here studied by approximately 30% after each step. | 2011 | 22116151 |
| Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis: insights on subcellular distribution and biochemical properties of heparin-binding proteins. | SUMMARYLeishmaniasis is a vector-borne disease and an important public health issue. Glycosaminoglycan ligands in Leishmania parasites are potential targets for new strategies to control this disease. We report the subcellular distribution of heparin-binding proteins (HBPs) in Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis and specific biochemical characteristics of L. (V.) braziliensis HBPs. Promastigotes were fractionated, and flagella and membrane samples were applied to HiTrap Heparin affinity chromatogr ... | 2011 | 22053722 |
| [role of three elisa tests using promastigote homogenates of leishmania braziliensis, l. amazonensis and l. guyanensis in the diagnosis of tegumentary leishmaniasis]. | it is important to know whether the variability of species of leishmania parasites circulating in a region affects the performance of the elisa test for the diagnosis of leishmaniasis. therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze the reactivity of the elisa using homogenates of promastigotes of leishmania (v.) braziliensis (elisab), leishmania (l) amazonensis (elisaa) and leishmania (v.) guyanensis (elisag) against different sera groups. samples from individuals with cutaneous leishmaniasis ( ... | 2011 | 22057166 |
| acute new world cutaneous leishmaniasis presenting as tuberculoid granulomatous dermatitis. | acute primary cutaneous leishmaniasis typically presents microscopically with a lymphohistiocytic infiltrate containing admixed plasma cells, parasitized macrophages and abundant organisms. tuberculoid granulomatous changes may occur in the later phases of primary infection. a 23-year-old male presented 1 month after visiting peru with classic clinical findings of acute primary cutaneous leishmaniasis, while histopathology showed a tuberculoid granulomatous process that lacked any organisms in h ... | 2012 | 22236114 |
| noninferiority of miltefosine versus meglumine antimoniate for cutaneous leishmaniasis in children. | background. children have a lower response rate to antimonial drugs and higher elimination rate of antimony (sb) than adults. oral miltefosine has not been evaluated for pediatric cutaneous leishmaniasis. methods. a randomized, noninferiority clinical trial with masked evaluation was conducted at 3 locations in colombia where leishmania panamensis and leishmania guyanensis predominated. one hundred sixteen children aged 2-12 years with parasitologically confirmed cutaneous leishmaniasis were ran ... | 2012 | 22238470 |
| combining diagnostic procedures for the management of leishmaniasis in areas with high prevalence of leishmania guyanensis. | the amazon region corresponds to approximately 40% of the cases of leishmaniasis in brazil. we report a prospective study with 180 patients conducted in a health care unit that diagnoses 10% of the cases of leishmaniasis in the brazilian amazon. the study addresses how a combination of procedures improves diagnosis in areas with high prevalence of leishmania guyanensis. | 2011 | 22281902 |
| a randomized clinical trial comparing meglumine antimoniate, pentamidine and amphotericin b for the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis by leishmania guyanensis. | american tegumentary leishmaniasis (atl) treatment remains a challenge, since most available drugs are injectable and only a small number of comparative, randomized clinical trials have been performed to support their use. moreover, treatment outcome may depend on the causative species of leishmania. | 2011 | 22281895 |
| in vitro antileishmanial, trypanocidal, and mammalian cell activities of diverse n,n' -dihetaryl substituted diamines and related compounds. | the leishmaniasis and chagas diseases constitute a serious public health problem worldwide with few and ineffective treatment options. the search for new antiparasitic candidates at the initial steps of drug discovery and development is still necessary. the synthesis of 22 de novo synthetized n,n'-dihetaryl-alkyldiamine derivatives and in vitro antiparasitic activity were evaluated for the first time against intracellular and extracellular forms of leishmania (leishmania) infantum, l. (viannia) ... | 2012 | 23641328 |
| leishmania (viannia) dna detection by pcr-rflp and sequencing in free-ranging owl monkeys (aotus azarai azarai) from formosa, argentina. | american cutaneous leishmaniasis (acl) is caused by protozoan parasites of the leishmania genus, and transmitted by females of the phlebotominae family. the role of wild and domestic hosts in the cycle of leishmania is still unknown. acl is endemic in the province of formosa where nyssomyia neivai was the most abundant species in several captures and 31 cumulative acl human cases were reported between 2005 and 2011 in the province. the present report describes the detection, by pcr-rflp and conf ... | 2012 | 23305973 |
| vaccination with l. infantum chagasi nucleosomal histones confers protection against new world cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by leishmania braziliensis. | nucleosomal histones are intracellular proteins that are highly conserved among leishmania species. after parasite destruction or spontaneous lysis, exposure to these proteins elicits a strong host immune response. in the present study, we analyzed the protective capability of leishmania infantum chagasi nucleosomal histones against l. braziliensis infection using different immunization strategies. | 2012 | 23284976 |
| molecular, cytological, and immunocytochemical study and kdna sequencing of laryngeal leishmania infantum infection. | mucosal leishmaniasis is a well-known clinical manifestation of infections mainly caused by new world leishmania species, especially leishmania braziliensis (viannia) in central and south america. it is extremely uncommon in the world, even in the endemic areas such as fars province, southern iran. two male immunocompetent subjects who developed leishmania mucosal lesion mimicking a laryngeal tumor presented with a several-months history of dysphonia, dyspnea, hoarseness, and odynophagia. multip ... | 2012 | 23263387 |
| [differential expression of proteins in leishmania (viannia) panamensis associated with mechanisms of resistance to meglumine antimoniate]. | the well-known drug resistance mechanisms to pentavalent antimony have been widely described in strains of the leishmania subgenus, but little is known about the mechanisms of resistance and the proteins associated with it in strains of the viannia subgenus such as leishmania panamensis. | 2012 | 23715190 |
| leishmania infantum and leishmania braziliensis: differences and similarities to evade the innate immune system. | visceral leishmaniasis is a severe form of the disease, caused by leishmania infantum in the new world. patients present an anergic immune response that favors parasite establishment and spreading through tissues like bone marrow and liver. on the other hand, leishmania braziliensis causes localized cutaneous lesions, which can be self-healing in some individuals. interactions between host and parasite are essential to understand disease pathogenesis and progression. in this context, dendritic c ... | 2016 | 27536300 |
| occupationally acquired american cutaneous leishmaniasis. | we report two occupationally acquired cases of american cutaneous leishmaniasis (acl): one accidental laboratory autoinoculation by contaminated needlestick while handling an acl lesion sample, and one acquired during field studies on bird biology. polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assays of patient lesions were positive for leishmania, subgenus viannia. one isolate was obtained by culture (from patient 2 biopsy samples) and characterized as leishmania (viannia) naiffi through an indirect immunofl ... | 2012 | 23227369 |
| interactions between leishmania braziliensis and macrophages are dependent on the cytoskeleton and myosin va. | leishmaniasis is a neglected tropical disease with no effective vaccines. actin, microtubules and the actin-based molecular motor myosin va were investigated for their involvement in leishmania braziliensis macrophage interactions. results showed a decrease in the association index when macrophages were without f-actin or microtubules regardless of the activation state of the macrophage. in the absence of f-actin, the production of no in non-activated cells increased, while in activated cells, t ... | 2012 | 22792440 |
| enhancement of experimental cutaneous leishmaniasis by leishmania extract: identification of a disease-associated antibody specificity. | both leishmania braziliensis and leishmania amazonensis induce cutaneous disease when injected in the skin of balb/c mice. however, l. amazonensis may also visceralize in that strain of mice, infecting mainly the liver and spleen. in addition, whereas balb/c mice die with a progressive cutaneous disease when infected by l. amazonensis, the infection by l. braziliensis is spontaneously cured. in a previous work, we have found that intravenous injections of l. amazonensis amastigote extract (lae) ... | 2015 | 25971623 |
| survey of sand flies (diptera: psychodidae) in an environmentally protected area in brazil. | brazil is one of the most important endemic areas for leishmaniasis worldwide. protected areas that are tourist attractions likely present an important risk of transmission of cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl). furthermore, with the geographical expansion of visceral leishmaniasis (vl), several studies have recorded the occurrence of its vector, lutzomyia longipalpis, and cases of human and canine vl in such tourist areas. the parque estadual do sumidouro is an environmentally protected area located ... | 2015 | 26267484 |
| ecological aspects and molecular detection of leishmania dna ross (kinetoplastida: trypanosomatidae) in phlebotomine sandflies (diptera: psychodidae) in terra firme and várzea environments in the middle solimões region, amazonas state, brazil. | phlebotomine sand flies (diptera: psychodidae) are insects of medical importance due to the role that some species play in the transmission of leishmaniasis. this work aimed to study some ecological aspects among sand flies fauna inhabiting two different environments: the várzea (lowland amazonian forest) and terra firme (upland amazonian forest), both located in tefé municipality, amazonas state, braziland to detect leishmania infection in those phlebotomine populations. | 2015 | 25889808 |
| population structure and evidence for both clonality and recombination among brazilian strains of the subgenus leishmania (viannia). | parasites of the subgenus leishmania (viannia) cause varying clinical symptoms ranging from cutaneous leishmaniases (cl) with single or few lesions, disseminated cl (dl) with multiple lesions to disfiguring forms of mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (mcl). in this population genetics study, 37 strains of l. (v.) guyanensis, 63 of l. (v.) braziliensis, four of l. (v.) shawi, six of l. (v.) lainsoni, seven of l. (v.) naiffi, one each of l. (v.) utingensis and l. (v.) lindenbergi, and one l. (v.) lainson ... | 2013 | 24205418 |
| lipophosphoglycans from leishmania amazonensis strains display immunomodulatory properties via tlr4 and do not affect sand fly infection. | the immunomodulatory properties of lipophosphoglycans (lpg) from new world species of leishmania have been assessed in leishmania infantum and leishmania braziliensis, the causative agents of visceral and cutaneous leishmaniasis, respectively. this glycoconjugate is highly polymorphic among species with variation in sugars that branch off the conserved gal(β1,4)man(α1)-po4 backbone of repeat units. here, the immunomodulatory activity of lpgs from leishmania amazonensis, the causative agent of di ... | 2016 | 27508930 |
| functional transcriptomics of wild-caught lutzomyia intermedia salivary glands: identification of a protective salivary protein against leishmania braziliensis infection. | leishmania parasites are transmitted in the presence of sand fly saliva. together with the parasite, the sand fly injects salivary components that change the environment at the feeding site. mice immunized with phlebotomus papatasi salivary gland (sg) homogenate are protected against leishmania major infection, while immunity to lutzomyia intermedia sg homogenate exacerbated experimental leishmania braziliensis infection. in humans, antibodies to lu. intermedia saliva are associated with risk of ... | 2013 | 23717705 |