| surveillance of triazole susceptibility of colonizing yeasts in patients with haematological malignancies. | the species distribution and antifungal susceptibility of yeasts isolated from colonization cultures, and the contribution of previous fluconazole prophylaxis to the emergence of resistance, was prospectively studied in 87 neutropenic patients treated for haematological malignancies. minimal inhibition concentrations (mics) to fluconazole, itraconazole and voriconazole for 123 yeast isolates (65 candida albicans, 22 candida glabrata, 15 saccharomyces cerevisiae, 5 candida krusei, 5 candida norve ... | 2004 | 15764173 |
| candidemia in patients with diabetes mellitus: epidemiology and predictors of mortality. | candidemia is the fourth most frequent nosocomial bloodstream infection in the us. the clinical characteristics and outcome of candidemia in adult patients with diabetes mellitus (dm) have not been reported in the literature. the objective of the study was to determine the epidemiology and determinants of mortality in diabetic patients with candidemia. a retrospective cohort study among diabetic patients with candidemia was carried out at 2 medical centers. the primary outcome was death from any ... | 2004 | 15764174 |
| synthesis and antimicrobial activity of some 5-[2-(morpholin-4-yl)acetamido] and/or 5-[2-(4-substituted piperazin-1-yl)acetamido]-2-(p-substituted phenyl)benzoxazoles. | in this study, a series of twelve novel 5-[2-(morpholin-4-yl)acetamido] and/or 5-[2-(4-substituted pip-erazine-1-yl)acetamido]-2-(p-substituted phenyl]benzoxazole derivatives have been synthesized and their structures were confirmed by ir, (1)h nmr, and mass spectral data. these compounds were prepared by reacting 5-(2-chloroacetamido)-2-(4-p-substituted-phenyl)benzoxazoles, which were obtained by using 5-amino-2-[p-substituted-phenyl]benzoxazoles with chloroacetyl chloride, in the presence of m ... | 2005 | 15765492 |
| retrospective survey of candidaemia in hospitalized patients and molecular investigation of a suspected outbreak. | episodes of candida infection at a teaching hospital were investigated. during a 3-year period from 1998 to 2000, there were 53 cases of candidaemia. candida albicans (64.2 %) was the most common causative species, followed by candida glabrata (17.0 %) and candida parapsilosis (15.1 %). molecular analysis of a cluster of eight infections from a single unit was performed using southern blotting with ca3 probe hybridization. this showed that the patients were each infected by unrelated strains of ... | 2005 | 15770026 |
| nicotinic acid limitation regulates silencing of candida adhesins during uti. | the adherence of candida glabrata to host cells is mediated, at least in part, by the epa genes, a family of adhesins encoded at subtelomeric loci, where they are subject to transcriptional silencing. we show that normally silent epa genes are expressed during murine urinary tract infection (uti) and that the inducing signal is the limitation of nicotinic acid (na), a precursor of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (nad+). c. glabrata is an na auxotroph, and na-induced epa expression is likely th ... | 2005 | 15774723 |
| candidal liver abscesses and cholecystitis in a 37-year-old patient without underlying malignancy. | we report a case of candidal liver abscesses and concomitant candidal cholecystitis in a diabetic patient, in whom differences were noted relative to those found in patients with hematologic malignancies. in our case, the proposed entry route of infection is ascending retrograde from the biliary tract. bile and aspirated pus culture repeatedly tested positive, and blood negative, for candida albicans and candida glabrata. cholecystitis was cured by percutaneous gallbladder drainage and amphoteri ... | 2005 | 15786561 |
| infection of a total knee prosthesis by candida glabrata: a case report. | | 2005 | 15792220 |
| in vitro antimycotic activity of some plant extracts towards yeast and yeast-like strains. | as part of screening aimed at the selection of novel antimycotic compounds of vegetable origin, leaf extracts of camellia sinensis l., cupressus sempervirens l. and pistacia lentiscus l. and the seed extract of glycine soja sieb. et zucc. were tested against yeast and yeast-like species implicated in human mycoses. of the extracts only those of c. sinensis (obtained from a commercial preparation of green tea) exhibited broad activity towards candida glabrata, clavispora lusitatiae, cryptococcus ... | 2005 | 15798996 |
| in vitro activities of voriconazole, fluconazole, itraconazole and amphotericin b against non candida albicans yeast isolates. | antifungal susceptibility testing was performed on 197 yeast isolates from the bccm/ihem biomedical fungi and yeasts collection (belgian co-ordinated collections of micro-organisms / iph-mycology) to study the in vitro activity of voriconazole against fluconazole, itraconazole and amphotericin b. mics of the four antifungal agents were determined by an adapted nccls m27-a microdilution reference method. mic readings were visually and spectrophotometrically determined. optical density data were u ... | 2005 | 15813679 |
| chromagar candida medium for direct susceptibility testing of yeast from blood cultures. | an evaluation was performed on 95 blood cultures positive for candida spp. to determine the correlation of direct susceptibility testing of fluconazole versus both standardized disk diffusion and mic methods. for direct testing, an aliquot taken from bd bactec plus and/or bd bactec lytic/10 bottles (becton dickinson [bd], sparks, md) positive by gram stain for yeast was subcultured to chromagar candida (bd), and a 25-microg fluconazole disk (bd) was placed on the plate. the area of growth inhibi ... | 2005 | 15814992 |
| epidemiology and predictors of mortality in cases of candida bloodstream infection: results from population-based surveillance, barcelona, spain, from 2002 to 2003. | we conducted population-based surveillance for candida bloodstream infections in spain to determine its incidence, the extent of antifungal resistance, and risk factors for mortality. a case was defined as the first positive blood culture for any candida spp. in a resident of barcelona, from 1 january 2002 to 31 december 2003. we defined early mortality as occurring between days 3 to 7 after candidemia and late mortality as occurring between days 8 to 30. we detected 345 cases of candidemia, for ... | 2005 | 15815004 |
| transcriptional response of saccharomyces cerevisiae to the plasma membrane-perturbing compound chitosan. | chitosan is a plasma membrane-perturbing compound consisting of linear chains of beta-1,4-linked glucosamine residues, which at acidic phs become positively charged. it is extensively used as an antimicrobial compound, yet its mode of action is still unresolved. chitosan strongly affected the growth of the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae, the food spoilage yeast zygosaccharomyces bailii, and two human-pathogenic yeasts, candida albicans and candida glabrata. microarray analysis of yeast cells tre ... | 2005 | 15821130 |
| candida prosthetic valve endocarditis cured by caspofungin therapy without valve replacement. | a 64-year-old woman with a mechanical mitral valve prosthesis developed late-onset candida endocarditis. blood cultures grew candida glabrata and candida krusei. transesophageal echocardiography demonstrated vegetations on the valve. the patient was not medically fit for valve replacement, but her condition was successfully treated with 6 weeks of intravenous caspofungin therapy. | 2005 | 15825018 |
| proteomic changes associated with inactivation of the candida glabrata ace2 virulence-moderating gene. | inactivation of the gene encoding the transcriptional activator ace2 in the fungal pathogen candida glabrata results in an almost 200-fold increase in virulence characterised by acute mortality and a massive over-stimulation of the pro-inflammatory arm of the innate immune system. in this study we have adopted a proteomics approach to identify cellular functions regulated by c. glabrata ace2 that might contribute to this increase in virulence. a two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis ... | 2005 | 15825152 |
| an evolutionary and functional assessment of regulatory network motifs. | cellular functions are regulated by complex webs of interactions that might be schematically represented as networks. two major examples are transcriptional regulatory networks, describing the interactions among transcription factors and their targets, and protein-protein interaction networks. some patterns, dubbed motifs, have been found to be statistically over-represented when biological networks are compared to randomized versions thereof. their function in vitro has been analyzed both exper ... | 2005 | 15833122 |
| human beta-defensins: differential activity against candidal species and regulation by candida albicans. | oral epithelial cell-derived human beta-defensins-1, -2, and -3 participate in innate immune responses against candida. we hypothesized that these peptides utilize several mechanisms for protection. recombinant hbd-1 and -2 were produced with the use of an insect cell/baculovirus expression system, while rhbd-3 was expressed as a fusion protein in e. coli. rhbd-2 and -3 were more effective at killing the candidal species at low micromolar concentrations than was rhbd-1, except for c. glabrata. w ... | 2005 | 15840781 |
| predictors and outcomes of candiduria in renal transplant recipients. | the epidemiology of candiduria in renal transplantation is unknown. | 2005 | 15844063 |
| [application of a metabolic-pathway-analysis based breeding strategy enhances the production of pyruvate by torulopsis glabrata]. | to further enhance the pyruvate productivity by multi-vitamin auxotrophic yeast torulopsis glabrata, a breeding strategy aiming at decreasing the activity of pyruvate decarboxylase but increasing the activity of acetyl-coa synthetase was developed based on analysis of pyruvate-related metabolic pathways. nitrosoguanidine mutagenized cells of t. glabrata wsh-ip303 were screened for mutants that require acetate for complete growth on glucose minimum medium. a mutant, t. glabrata cctcc m202019, pro ... | 2005 | 15847168 |
| antifungal susceptibilities of candida species causing vulvovaginitis and epidemiology of recurrent cases. | there are limited data regarding the antifungal susceptibility of yeast causing vulvovaginal candidiasis, since cultures are rarely performed. susceptibility testing was performed on vaginal yeast isolates collected from january 1998 to march 2001 from 429 patients with suspected vulvovaginal candidiasis. the charts of 84 patients with multiple positive cultures were reviewed. the 593 yeast isolates were candida albicans (n = 420), candida glabrata (n = 112), candida parapsilosis (n = 30), candi ... | 2005 | 15872235 |
| torulopsis glabrata fungemia from infected transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt stent. | transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts (tips) are used to manage multiple complications of portal hypertension. accounts of infection of tips stents are uncommon. the literature reports two cases of tips-associated torulopsis glabrata (candida glabrata) fungemia; both patients died within a year of tips placement despite therapy with intravenous antifungal agents. this report describes the successful long-term survival of a patient with torulopsis tips stent infection. | 2005 | 15872333 |
| fungal species changes in the female genital tract. | candidal vaginitis has traditionally been associated with candida albicans. | 2004 | 15874832 |
| isolation of cholesterol-dependent candida glabrata from clinical specimens. | in the past few years, we have detected in the united kingdom and in the united states several isolates of candida glabrata that grew poorly unless bile was available. cholesterol, a component of bile, stimulated equivalent growth of the bile-dependent isolates. the bile-dependent c. glabrata isolates appeared resistant to amphotericin b, but their resistance to fluconazole was unclear. these results demonstrate that occasional isolates of c. glabrata require cholesterol to grow, they may not be ... | 2005 | 15878440 |
| antileishmanial and antifungal activities of xanthanolides isolated from xanthium macrocarpum. | seven xanthanolides, xanthinosin, xanthatin, 4-hydroxyxanthinosin, xanthinin, 4-epiisoxanthanol, 4-epixanthanol, 2-hydroxyxanthinosin and 4-oxobedfordia acid, were isolated from the fruits of xanthium macrocarpum. a valuation of the antifungal activity of these xanthanolides against candida albicans, candida glabrata and aspergillus fumigatus and of their antileishmanial activity against leishmania infantum and leishmania mexicana is presented. | 2005 | 15890467 |
| effects of voriconazole, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and interferon gamma on intracellular fluconazole-resistant candida glabrata and candida krusei in human monocyte-derived macrophages. | infections caused by fluconazole-resistant candida glabrata and candida krusei are increasingly common causes of morbidity and mortality. we investigated the intracellular killing of fluconazole-resistant c. glabrata and c. krusei by cytokine-activated human monocyte-derived macrophages (mdm) in the presence and absence of voriconazole. for c. glabrata, mdm were activated with either granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (gm-csf) or interferon gamma (ifn-gamma) before infection, after ... | 2005 | 15893901 |
| sterol uptake in candida glabrata: rescue of sterol auxotrophic strains. | candida glabrata is emerging as a more common and important human pathogen. it is less susceptible to azole antifungals than candida albicans, thus, posing some unique treatment challenges. previously undetected c. glabrata isolates were identified from clinical specimens by adding bile to the growth medium. cholesterol was found to be the responsible ingredient in bile. six bile-dependent isolates were characterized and were found to exhibit wild-type equivalent growth when provided human or bo ... | 2005 | 15893902 |
| tinea cruris in routine urology practice. | tinea cruris is almost exclusively a male dermatophytosis. this infection is also sexually transmitted, and may cause epidemics in public areas such as common bathing facilities, dormitories and among military recruits. it has been aimed to investigate the prevalence and the causative agents of tinea cruris and tinea pedis in patients who were admitted to the department of urology with various pathologies. | 2005 | 15897702 |
| pattern of candida species isolated from patients with diabetes mellitus and vulvovaginal candidiasis and their response to single dose oral fluconazole therapy. | patients with diabetes mellitus are at increased risk of vulvovaginal candidiasis (vvc). besides candida albicans, they often have infection due to non-c. albicans candida species such as c. glabrata. oral single dose fluconazole (150 mg) is commonly used to treat vvc in non-diabetic individuals with response rate varying from 70 to 90%. however, there is paucity of related information in diabetic women with vvc. present study has been conducted to systematically assess the effect of fluconazole ... | 2006 | 15908007 |
| caspofungin in combination with amphotericin b against candida glabrata. | the effects of caspofungin combined with amphotericin b were investigated with candida glabrata. although in vitro experiments showed an indifferent interaction, the combination regimen was the only therapeutic approach yielding organ sterilization in a murine candidemia model. | 2005 | 15917570 |
| antifungal susceptibility of candida spp. isolated from pediatric patients: a survey of 4 children's hospitals. | candida species are the most common cause of fungal infections in hospitalized patients. recent studies have reported a relative reduction in the rates of infection caused by candida albicans and a shift toward non-albicans candida spp. data on the distribution and susceptibility of candida spp. from children's hospitals are limited. clinical isolates of candida were collected from 4 us children's hospitals in 2003. broth dilution mics for amphotericin b, fluconazole, voriconazole, caspofungin, ... | 2005 | 15922535 |
| synthesis and antimicrobial activity of 4-phenyl/cyclohexyl-5-(1-phenoxyethyl)-3-[n-(2-thiazolyl)acetamido]thio-4h-1,2,4-triazole derivatives. | the increasing clinical importance of drug-resistant fungal and bacterial pathogens has lent additional urgency to microbiological research and new antimicrobial compound development. for this purpose, new thiazole derivatives of triazoles were synthesized and evaluated for antifungal and antibacterial activity. the reaction of propionic acid hydrazides with various aryl/alkyl isothiocyanates gave thiosemicarbazides which furnished the mercaptotriazoles by alkali cyclization. the 4-phenyl/cycloh ... | 2005 | 15922844 |
| the synthesis and antimicrobial activity of some new methyl n-arylthiocarbamates, dimethyl n-aryldithiocarbonimidates and 2-arylamino-2-imidazolines. | methyl n-arylthiocarbamates (2a-d) and dimethyl n-aryldithiocarbonimidates (2e-i) were synthesized from the reaction of aromatic amines with carbon disulfide and methyl iodide and naoh in various quantitative amounts. 2-arylamino-2-imidazolines (3a-i) were prepared by heating both methyl n-arylthiocarbamates (2a-d) and dimethyl n-aryldithiocarbonimidates (2e-i) with 1,2-diaminoethane under reflux. o-chlorobenzyl derivatives of [1,3,4]-thiadiazole-2-yl substituted aminoimidazoline compounds were ... | 2005 | 15935903 |
| frequency, species and molecular characterization of oral candida in hosts of different age in china. | research indicates that host age is a determining factor in yeast carriage. from the neonatal period, humans go through several dentition periods, and the emergence and substitution of teeth and changes in living habits greatly change the environment of the oral cavity, and therefore influence colonization by oral commensal organisms, certainly including candida spp. no previous study of candida carriage by different age groups divided by dentition has been reported. this study supplies data on ... | 2005 | 15946183 |
| rapid identification of candida species by ft-ir microspectroscopy. | due to the continuous increase of human candidiasis and the great diversity of yeasts of the candida genera, it is indispensable to identify this yeast as early as possible. early identification enables an early diagnostic and patient-adapted anti-fungal therapy, thus reducing morbidity and mortality related to these infections. in view of this, we have in this study investigated microcolonies using a method based on fourier transform-infrared microspectroscopy (ftirm) for a rapid and early iden ... | 2005 | 15951116 |
| acidified nitrite as a potential antifungal agent. | the use of acidified nitrite as a potential antifungal agent was investigated by exposing clinical isolates of candida albicans, candida glabrata, candida tropicalis, cryptococcus neoformans, aspergillus fumigatus and rhodotorula to varying concentrations of acidified nitrite at different ph levels to determine the minimal fungicidal concentration after 10 min exposure. | 2005 | 15955674 |
| biological consequences of petite mutations in candida glabrata. | to define the pathogenicity of respiration-deficient mutants of candida glabrata, which present a reduced susceptibility to azoles, that are easily induced in vitro by exposure to these drugs or to ethidium bromide and that may be selected in vivo in patients receiving fluconazole. | 2005 | 15958498 |
| [caco3 stimulates alpha-ketoglutarate accumulation during pyruvate fermentation by torulopsis glabrata]. | a large amount of alpha-ketoglutarate (alpha-kg) (6.8 g/l) was accumulated in flask culture when caco3 was used as a buffering agent in the production of pyruvate by multi-vitamin auxotrophic yeast torulopsis glabrata cctcc m202019. in a 5 l jar-fermentor, less alpha-kg (1.3 g/l) was produced when naoh was used to adjust the ph, while more alpha-kg (11.5 g/l) detected when caco3 was used as the buffer. in the latter case, the molar carbon ratio of pyruvate to alpha-kg (c(pyr)/ calphakg) was simi ... | 2003 | 15971591 |
| [a case of chronic mucocutaneous candidasis cured with micafungin]. | chronic mucocutaneous candidasis (cmc) is a chronic intractable infection of skin, nails, and mucous membrane with candida. until very recently, the main stay of therapy had been the use of transfer factor or antifungal azole derivatives. although they show definite benefits, the effects are temporal and recurrences are inevitable. furthermore, the prolonged use of antifungals will sometimes induce resistant strains, making the treatment more difficult. recently we experienced a case of cmc caus ... | 2005 | 15977552 |
| identification of atp-nadh kinase isozymes and their contribution to supply of nadp(h) in saccharomyces cerevisiae. | atp-nad kinase phosphorylates nad to produce nadp by using atp, whereas atp-nadh kinase phosphorylates both nad and nadh. three nad kinase homologues, namely, atp-nad kinase (utr1p), atp-nadh kinase (pos5p) and function-unknown yel041wp (yef1p), are found in the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae. in this study, yef1p was identified as an atp-nadh kinase. the atp-nadh kinase activity of utr1p was also confirmed. thus, the three nad kinase homologues were biochemically identified as atp-nadh kinases. ... | 2005 | 15978040 |
| post-menopausal recurrent vaginal candidiasis: effect of hysterectomy on response to treatment, type of colonization and recurrence rates post-treatment. | post-menopausal patients are still susceptible to be colonized by fungal organisms despite being estrogen-deprived. symptomatic vulvovaginal candidiasis, although a rare occurrence in post-menopausal patients, can be diagnosed in about one third of the patients. the purpose of our study was to investigate in post-menopausal patients with recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis the effect of hysterectomy on response to treatment, the type of colonization and the recurrence rates after treatment. | 2005 | 15978973 |
| oceanalin a, a hybrid alpha,omega-bifunctionalized sphingoid tetrahydroisoquinoline beta-glycoside from the marine sponge oceanapia sp. | [reaction: see text] the novel antifungal compound oceanalin a, an unprecedented "hybrid sphingolipid", was isolated from the marine sponge oceanapia sp. the structure was elucidated using nmr and ms spectral analysis and chemical degradation. oceanalin a exhibits in vitro antifungal activity against candida glabrata with an mic of 30 mug/ml. | 2005 | 15987164 |
| a surprisingly large rnase p rna in candida glabrata. | we have found an extremely large ribonuclease p (rnase p) rna (rpr1) in the human pathogen candida glabrata and verified that this molecule is expressed and present in the active enzyme complex of this hemiascomycete yeast. a structural alignment of the c. glabrata sequence with 36 other hemiascomycete rnase p rnas (abbreviated as p rnas) allows us to characterize the types of insertions. in addition, 15 p rna sequences were newly characterized by searching in the recently sequenced genomes cand ... | 2005 | 15987816 |
| [comparison of different methods for species identification of genus candida]. | different species of genus candida can cause a wide range of pathologies, since mucocutaneous trivial infections to disseminated serious forms. traditionally, taxonomy of yeast has been performed taking into account morphologic and physiologic studies, but they depend on the culture conditions of strains, what cause certain difficulties. thus, recently, molecular biology methods have been tried. the aim of this work is to correlate taxonomic studies of most important pathogenic species--c. albic ... | 2005 | 15991475 |
| differentiation between candida species isolated from diabetic foot by fatty acid methyl ester analysis using gas chromatography. | gas chromatography (gc) was used to differentiate 100 isolates of candida species (candida parapsilosis, candida albicans, candida tropicalis, candida famata and candida glabrata) from 22 of 509 diabetic patients in whom the same species had been isolated from ulcer and interdigital spaces of the same and/or the other foot. all clinical isolates were identified by quantitative differences in the composition of six cell fatty acids (cfa). the values of the coefficients of variability (cv) of cfa ... | 2005 | 15993665 |
| acridine orange leukocyte cytospin test for central venous catheter--related bloodstream infection: a pediatric experience. | the aim of this study was to evaluate the acridine orange leukocyte cytospin (aolc) test for the rapid diagnosis of septicemia caused by central venous catheters (cvcs), without removing the catheter, in a pediatric intensive care unit population. twenty-six patients admitted in the pediatric intensive care unit of azienda ospedaliera "ospedali riuniti di bergamo", italy, were prospectively evaluated for cvc-related infection. blood for culture was taken from all patients. quantitative endolumin ... | 2005 | 15994051 |
| a yeast by any other name: candida glabrata and its interaction with the host. | well-characterized traits important to candida albicans virulence, such as hyphal formation or secreted proteinase activity, play no known role in candida glabrata virulence. likewise, some c. glabrata characteristics, such as chromatin-based regulation of the large telomeric family of lectins encoded by the epa (epithelial adhesin) genes, have no precise parallels in c. albicans. however, similarities between the two species, for example in population structure, in the large numbers of (putativ ... | 2005 | 15996895 |
| determining risk factors for candidemia among newborn infants from population-based surveillance: baltimore, maryland, 1998-2000. | our objective was to determine risks factors for late onset candidemia, independent of birth weight, in newborn infants. | 2005 | 15999000 |
| o-methylglucogalloyl esters: synthesis and evaluation of their antimycotic activity. | the two anomers of o-methyl gluco-2,3-digalloyl esters were synthesized and their antimycotic activity toward yeasts of biomedical importance was evaluated. when used at subinhibitory concentration and regardless of stereochemistry at the anomeric carbon, these compounds enhance the antimycotic activity of amphotericin b. | 2005 | 16005221 |
| increased expression and hotspot mutations of the multidrug efflux transporter, cdr1 in azole-resistant candida albicans isolates from vaginitis patients. | the aims of our research were to investigate the gene expression of the multidrug efflux transporter, cdr1 and the major drug facilitator superfamily transporter, mdr1 gene in azole drug-resistant candida albicans and candida glabrata clinical isolates recovered from vaginitis patients; and to identify hotspot mutations that may be present in the c. albicans cacdr1 gene that could be associated with drug-resistance. the relative expression of the cdr1 and mdr1 transcripts in ketoconazole and clo ... | 2005 | 16006060 |
| characteristics of candidaemia with candida-albicans compared with non-albicans candida species and predictors of mortality. | candidaemia due to non-albicans candida species is increasing in frequency. we describe 272 episodes of candidaemia, define parameters associated with candida albicans and other candida species, and analyse predictors associated with mortality. patients with c. albicans (55%) had the highest fatality rate and frequently received immunosuppressive therapy, while patients with candida parapsilosis (16%) had the lowest fatality and complication rates. candida tropicalis (16%) was associated with yo ... | 2005 | 16009456 |
| rpm2p, a component of yeast mitochondrial rnase p, acts as a transcriptional activator in the nucleus. | rpm2p, a protein subunit of yeast mitochondrial rnase p, has another function that is essential in cells lacking the wild-type mitochondrial genome. this function does not require the mitochondrial leader sequence and appears to affect transcription of nuclear genes. rpm2p expressed as a fusion protein with green fluorescent protein localizes to the nucleus and activates transcription from promoters containing lexa-binding sites when fused to a heterologous dna binding domain, lexa. the transcri ... | 2005 | 16024791 |
| [treatment of recurrent vulvovaginal candidosis with mycosyst (fluconazole)]. | the authors treat 15 women with recurrent vulvovaginal candidosis with 3 sequential oral 150-mg doses of fluconazole (mycosys, gedeon richter), each dose administered 72 hours after the first dose. candida albicans was isolated in 14 women and candida glabrata--in one. 14 days later all women had no clinical signs of vulvovaginal candidosis. three months after the treatment only 11 women consulted for a checking exam--and all of them without clinical complaints, though in three of them (73.3%) c ... | 2005 | 16028400 |
| candida glabrata is unusual with respect to its resistance to cationic antifungal proteins. | naturally occurring salivary antifungal proteins have been of major interest, due to their potential to provide the basis for peptide antimycotics effective in combating fungal infections in the oral cavity or elsewhere. we tested the fungistatic activity of a number of cationic antifungal proteins, with major emphasis on histatin 5, a basic protein secreted by the human parotid and submandibular glands. histatin 5 inhibited the growth of candida albicans and that of other medically important ca ... | 2005 | 16034806 |
| cooperative evolution in protein complexes of yeast from comparative analyses of its interaction network. | a comparative analysis among saccharomyces cerevisiae and the other four yeasts candida glabrata, kluyveromyces lactis, debaryomyces hansenii, and yarrowia lipolytica is presented. the broad evolutionary range spanned by the organisms allows to quantitatively demonstrate novel evolutionary effects in protein complexes. the evolution rates within cliques of interlinked proteins are found to bear strong multipoint correlations, witnessing a cooperative coevolution of complex subunits. the coevolut ... | 2005 | 16035114 |
| azole resistance in neonatal intensive care units in argentina. | the aim of this study was to determine the antifungal susceptibility profile and to detect resistant strains of yeast species isolated from neonates in intensive care units. 92 strains isolated from 25 bloodstream cultures, 20 venous catheters, 23 suprapubic aspirations and 24 rectal swabs were studied. a candida glabrata strain resistant to fluconazole was detected. candida krusei appeared with its inherent resistance to fluconazole and showed cross-resistance to itraconazole. two candida albic ... | 2005 | 16038532 |
| in vitro interaction of posaconazole and caspofungin against clinical isolates of candida glabrata. | combinations of caspofungin and posaconazole were evaluated by fractional inhibitory concentration index against 119 candida glabrata isolates. synergy was seen in 18% of all isolates and in 4% of fluconazole-resistant isolates at 48 h without evidence of antagonism. this antifungal combination may have utility against this organism. | 2005 | 16048980 |
| promoter-dependent disruption of genes: simple, rapid, and specific pcr-based method with application to three different yeast. | pcr product-based gene disruption has greatly accelerated molecular analysis of saccharomyces cerevisiae. this approach involves amplification of a marker gene (e.g., ura3) including its flanking regulatory (promoter and polyadenylation) regions using primers that include at their 5' ends about 50 bases of homology to the targeted gene. unfortunately, this approach has proved less useful in organisms with higher rates of non-homologous recombination; e.g., in the yeast candida glabrata, desired ... | 2005 | 16078083 |
| use of fluorescent probes to determine mics of amphotericin b and caspofungin against candida spp. and aspergillus spp. | we investigated the utility of mechanism-based fluorescent probes for determination of mics (fmics) of amphotericin b and caspofungin against candida spp. and aspergillus spp. amphotericin b was selected as a membrane-active antifungal agent, and caspofungin was selected as a cell wall-active agent. fmics were also compared to the mic determined by clsi (formerly nccls) methods. five isolates per species of candida albicans, candida glabrata, candida parapsilosis, aspergillus fumigatus, and aspe ... | 2005 | 16081911 |
| phenotypic and molecular characterization of candida nivariensis sp. nov., a possible new opportunistic fungus. | the new species candida nivariensis, isolated from the clinical samples of three patients in spain over a 3-year period, is presented here. this species can be easily differentiated from candida glabrata, the closest genetic species, by different colony color on chromagar and by its ability to ferment trehalose. the analyses of the internal transcribed spacer region and the d1-d2 region of the 26s rrna gene sequences support a new species designation. | 2005 | 16081957 |
| yapsins are a family of aspartyl proteases required for cell wall integrity in saccharomyces cerevisiae. | the yeast cell wall is a crucial extracellular organelle that protects the cell from lysis during environmental stress and morphogenesis. here, we demonstrate that the yapsin family of five glycosylphosphatidylinositol-linked aspartyl proteases is required for cell wall integrity in saccharomyces cerevisiae. yapsin null mutants show hypersensitivity to cell wall perturbation, and both the yps1delta2delta mutant and the quintuple yapsin mutant (5ypsdelta) undergo osmoremedial cell lysis at 37 deg ... | 2005 | 16087741 |
| phenotypic switching in candida glabrata accompanied by changes in expression of genes with deduced functions in copper detoxification and stress. | most strains of candida glabrata switch spontaneously between a number of phenotypes distinguishable by graded brown coloration on agar containing 1 mm cuso4, a phenomenon referred to as "core switching." c. glabrata also switches spontaneously and reversibly from core phenotypes to an irregular wrinkle (iwr) phenotype, a phenomenon referred to as "irregular wrinkle switching." to identify genes differentially expressed in the core phenotypes white (wh) and dark brown (db), a cdna subtraction st ... | 2005 | 16087748 |
| congenital candida glabrata infection without specific nodules on the placenta and umbilical cord. | two extremely premature infants died as a result of congenital candida glabrata infection, and their placentas and umbilical cords were free of macroscopic candida nodules. because non-candida albicans candida infections are less likely to produce necrotic foci, we should not exclude candida infections in the absence of macroscopic nodules on the placenta and umbilical cord. | 2005 | 16094238 |
| point prevalence, microbiology and antifungal susceptibility patterns of oral candida isolates colonizing or infecting mexican hiv/aids patients and healthy persons. | we have conducted a longitudinal study over a 3-year period to address the point prevalence, microbiological characteristics and antifungal susceptibility patterns of yeast isolates colonizing or infecting the oral cavities of 111 hiv-infected (51 adults, 60 children) and 201 non hiv-infected (109 adults, 92 children) mexican persons. regarding the epidemiology of oral candidiasis, candida albicans was the most frequent species isolated. seventy-one out of 85 isolates from colonized persons were ... | 2005 | 16107165 |
| [in vitro susceptibility of fungal and yeast clinical isolates to itraconazole and voriconazole]. | the interest on the in vitro susceptibility to itraconazole has recently increased due the availability of the intravenous formulation. in this study, comparative mics of this antifungal with voriconazole were carried out in 62 clinical isolates of filamentous fungi and 100 yeasts isolates using the nccls microbroth methods described in m38-a and m27-a2 documents. a mic90 of 0.125 micrograms per ml was observed for itraconazole and voriconazole against aspergillus fumigatus. higher susceptibilit ... | 2005 | 16107169 |
| posaconazole: clinical pharmacology and potential for management of fungal infections. | posaconazole is a novel lipophilic antifungal triazole that inhibits cytochrome p450-dependent 14-alpha demethylase in the biosynthetic pathway of ergosterol. inhibition of this enzyme leads to an accumulation of toxic 14-alpha methylsterols and a depletion of ergosterol, resulting in a perturbation of the function of the fungal cell membrane and blockage of cell growth and division. in vitro, posaconazole has potent and broad-spectrum activity against opportunistic, endemic and dermatophytic fu ... | 2005 | 16107193 |
| [addition of tca cycle intermediates enhances pyruvate production]. | the capability of utilizing the intermediates of tca-cycle as the sole carbon source by the multi-vitamin auxotrophic yeast torulopsis glabrata cctcc m202019 under the conditions of vitamins limitation was demonstrated. furthermore, the colony numbers grown on medium supplemented with glucose, acetate and one of the intermediates of tca-cycle was higher than that of medium used glucose and acetate or medium used one of the intermediates of tca-cycle carbon source. among the intermediates of tca- ... | 2004 | 16108501 |
| an update on antifungal targets and mechanisms of resistance in candida albicans. | much progress has been made in the last decade in identifying genes responsible for antifungal resistance in candida albicans. attention has focused on five major c. albicans genes: abc transporter genes cdr1 and cdr2, major facilitator efflux gene mdr1, and ergosterol biosynthesis genes erg11 and erg3. resistance involves mutations in 14c-lanosterol demethylase, targeted by fluconazole (flz) and encoded by erg11, and mutations that up-regulate efflux genes that probably efflux the antifungals. ... | 2005 | 16110776 |
| candida glabrata ste11 is involved in adaptation to hypertonic stress, maintenance of wild-type levels of filamentation and plays a role in virulence. | the conserved family of fungal ste11 mitogen activated protein kinase/kinases play important roles in several signalling cascades. we have cloned the ste11 homologue from the fungal pathogen candida glabrata. the c. glabrata gene is present in a single copy in the genome, contains a well-conserved catalytic domain typical of the serine-threonine protein kinases and a sterile alpha motif widespread in signalling and nuclear proteins. hypothetical translation of c. glabrata ste11 suggests that the ... | 2005 | 16110782 |
| [the decrease of the activity of electron transfer chain of torulopsis glabrata enhanced pyruvate productivity]. | torulopsis glabrata cctcc m202019 was mutated by ethidium bromide to screen for respiratory-deficient mutants. seven mutants that produced pyruvate higher than that of the parent were subjected to the tests of the capability assimilating fermentable substrate (glucose) and non-fermentable substrates (glycerol and acetate) to characterize true respiratory-deficient mutants. mutants rd-16, rd-17 and rd-18 were unable to assimilate acetate or glycerol and were therefore identified as respiratory-de ... | 2004 | 16110964 |
| malassezia and candida colonisation on glans penis of circumcised men. | the malassezia yeast are members of the normal human cutaneous flora in adults. they also are reported as part of the microflora of the male genital region in mostly uncircumcised males. it has been reported that malassezia sympodialis and malassezia globosa are the most frequent yeast belonging to the resident microflora of the penis as in other human skin areas. the aim was to evaluate the prevalence of malassezia and candida yeast colonisation on the glans penis of circumcised males. impressi ... | 2005 | 16115108 |
| emergence of species-specific transporters during evolution of the hemiascomycete phylum. | we have traced the evolution patterns of 2480 transmembrane transporters from five complete genome sequences spanning the entire hemiascomycete phylum: saccharomyces cerevisiae, candida glabrata, kluyveromyces lactis, debaryomyces hansenii, and yarrowia lipolytica. the use of nonambiguous functional and phylogenetic criteria derived from the tcdb classification system has allowed the identification within the hemiascomycete phylum of 97 small phylogenetic transporter subfamilies comprising a tot ... | 2006 | 16118182 |
| identification of candida strains isolated from tanzanian pregnant women with vaginal candidiasis. | to identify candida strains isolated from tanzanian women (13 to 45 years) with vaginal candidiasis. | 2005 | 16119751 |
| changing patterns and trends in systemic fungal infections. | invasive mycoses are a significant and growing public health problem. although bloodstream infections with candida albicans may be decreasing in frequency, the number of persons at risk for them continues to grow. moreover, infections with other candida species, such as candida glabrata, are increasing in incidence. invasive mould infections in general, and aspergillus infections in particular, are becoming more frequent. fungal opportunistic infections in persons with aids are no longer a major ... | 2005 | 16120635 |
| candida glabrata fungemia: experience in a tertiary care center. | during the past decade, candida glabrata has emerged as an important cause of fungemia. we reviewed demographic data, risk factors, treatment, and outcomes associated with c. glabrata fungemia from 1995-2002 and performed susceptibility testing of isolates. | 2005 | 16142662 |
| rapid identification of candida species and other clinically important yeast species by flow cytometry. | two rapid diagnostic assays, utilizing two different luminex flow cytometry methods, were developed for identification of clinically important ascomycetous yeast species. direct hybridization and allele-specific primer extension methods were both successful in establishing a dna-based assay that can rapidly and accurately identify candida albicans, candida krusei, candida parapsilosis, candida glabrata, and candida tropicalis as well as other clinical species. the direct hybridization assay was ... | 2005 | 16145099 |
| microsatellite marker analysis as a typing system for candida glabrata. | candida glabrata is one of the most important causes of nosocomial fungal infection. we investigated, using a multiplex pcr, three polymorphic microsatellite markers, rpm2, mti, and erg3, in order to obtain a rapid genotyping method for c. glabrata. one set of primers was designed for each locus, and one primer of each set was dye labeled to read pcr signals using an automatic sequencer. eight reference strains including other candida species and 138 independent c. glabrata clinical isolates wer ... | 2005 | 16145109 |
| use of chromogenic medium in the isolation of yeasts from clinical specimens. | over a 1 year period 3296 specimens submitted for fungal culture were plated onto routine mycological media (rm) and chromagar candida (cac) to evaluate the capability of cac to improve on rm. with rm, cultures producing single yeast isolates were identified from 802 specimens. cac produced similar results, with 76 % agreement. of 761 specimens that yielded a single candida species by rm, 615 (81 %) produced one or more yeast isolates using cac. of concern, 132 negative cac cultures corresponded ... | 2005 | 16157554 |
| yeast mediates lactic acidosis suppression after antibiotic cocktail treatment in short small bowel? | during acidotic periods in a girl with a short small bowel, very high d-lactic acid concentrations were measured in blood and urine; the patient's characteristic faecal flora contained mainly lactobacilli, and during antibiotic cocktail treatment also many yeasts. in this case report we sought to understand the beneficial effect of the antibiotic cocktail. microbiological analysis was performed in faecal samples. total lactic acid in serum and urine was studied using capillary gas chromatography ... | 2005 | 16165705 |
| antifungal activities and action mechanisms of compounds from tribulus terrestris l. | antifungal activity of natural products is being studied widely. saponins are known to be antifungal and antibacterial. we used bioassay-guided fractionation to have isolated eight steroid saponins from tribulus terrestris l., which were identified as hecogenin-3-o-beta-d-glucopyranosyl (1-->4)-beta-d-galactopyranoside (tts-8), tigogenin-3-o-beta-d-glucopyranosyl (1-->4)-beta-d-galactopyranoside (tts-9), hecogenin-3-o-beta-d-glucopyranosyl (1-->2)-beta-d-glucopyranosyl (1-->4)-beta-d-galactopyra ... | 2006 | 16169173 |
| the yeast gene order browser: combining curated homology and syntenic context reveals gene fate in polyploid species. | we developed the yeast gene order browser (ygob; http://wolfe.gen.tcd.ie/ygob) to facilitate visual comparisons and computational analysis of synteny relationships in yeasts. the data presented in ygob, currently covering seven species, are based on sets of homologous genes that have been intensively manually curated based on both sequence similarity and genomic context (synteny). we reconciled different laboratories' lists of paralogous saccharomyces cerevisiae gene pairs formed by genome dupli ... | 2005 | 16169922 |
| invasive candidiasis: comparison of management choices by infectious disease and critical care specialists. | to compare the management of invasive candidiasis between infectious disease and critical care specialists. | 2005 | 16172844 |
| species distribution and antifungal susceptibility of candida bloodstream isolates in a tertiary medical center in israel. | to evaluate the species distribution and antifungal susceptibility of candida isolates in a tertiary institution in israel, all consecutive isolates of candida spp. recovered from blood during the last 2 years were studied. the isolates were identified by the germ tube test and the api id 32c test (biomérieux, marcy l'etoile, france). mics of antifungal agents were determined by the e test. candida albicans was the most commonly isolated species, accounting for 44% (63/142) of the isolates, foll ... | 2005 | 16172856 |
| the discovery of moriniafungin, a novel sordarin derivative produced by morinia pestalozzioides. | a novel sordarin derivative, moriniafungin (1), containing a 2-hydroxysebacic acid residue linked to c-3' of the sordarose residue of sordarin through a 1,3-dioxolan-4-one ring was isolated from the fungus morinia pestalozzioides. isolation of moriniafungin employed a highly specific bioassay consisting of a panel of saccharomyces cerevisiae strains containing chimeric eef2 for candida glabrata, candida krusei, candida lusitaniae, crytpococcus neoformans, and aspergillus fumigatus as well as wil ... | 2006 | 16183294 |
| [early and differential diagnosis for fungal infection by pcr in case of living donor liver transplantation]. | although opportunistic infection including fungal infection is often associated with living donor liver transplantation followed by immunosuppressive therapy, antifungal agents are empirically given to most patients without a definitive diagnosis of fungal infection. indeed, there is no diagnostic test available, that shows both high sensitivity and specificity for fungal infection. in this study, we developed a polymerase chain reaction(pcr)-based system for rapid diagnosis of fungal infection. ... | 2005 | 16190352 |
| a retrospective evaluation of fluconazole for the treatment of candida glabrata fungemia. | candida glabrata accounts for 21% of candida bloodstream isolates in the united states and ranges from susceptible-dose-dependent to resistant to fluconazole. a fluconazole dose of 800 mg/d ( approximately 12 mg/kg per day) is predicted to produce peak plasma concentrations that surpass the susceptible-dose-dependent mic breakpoint of 16 to 32 mug/ml. accordingly, the infectious diseases society of america treatment guidelines for candidiasis recommend fluconazole 12 mg/kg per day as an alternat ... | 2005 | 16199247 |
| onychomycosis in adana, turkey: a 5-year study. | onychomycosis results from invasion of the nail plate by dermatophytes, yeasts or mould species of fungi. this report documents the etiological agents of onychomycosis in adana, turkey. | 2005 | 16207188 |
| development of a dna microarray for detection and identification of fungal pathogens involved in invasive mycoses. | invasive fungal infections have emerged as a major cause of morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients. conventional identification of pathogenic fungi in clinical microbiology laboratories is time-consuming and, therefore, often imperfect for the early initiation of an adequate antifungal therapy. we developed a diagnostic microarray for the rapid and simultaneous identification of the 12 most common pathogenic candida and aspergillus species. oligonucleotide probes were designed by ... | 2005 | 16207946 |
| molecular phylogenetics of the genus trichosporon inferred from mitochondrial cytochrome b gene sequences. | mitochondrial cytochrome b (cyt b) genes of 42 strains representing 23 species of the genus trichosporon were partially sequenced to determine their molecular phylogenetic relationships. almost half of the 22 strains investigated (from 11 different species) contained introns in their sequences. analysis of a 396-bp coding sequence from each strain of trichosporon under investigation showed a total of 141 (35.6%) variable nucleotide sites. a phylogenetic tree based on the cyt b gene sequences rev ... | 2005 | 16207980 |
| candida glabrata fungemia in transplant patients receiving voriconazole after fluconazole. | the clinical impact of voriconazole resistance in candida glabrata is not well described. five hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients that developed breakthrough candida glabrata bloodstream infections while receiving voriconazole are described and the clinical management and susceptibility profiles of their isolates are reported. all patients were markedly immunosuppressed, and in all cases, voriconazole use was preceded by prolonged fluconazole exposure (median 60 days); median voricona ... | 2005 | 16210978 |
| antimicrobial activities of the leaf extracts of two moroccan cistus l. species. | we used the standard m27-t technique to study organic and aqueous leaf extracts of two moroccan cistus l. species: cistus villosus l. and cistus monspeliensis l. (cistaceae l.) used in traditional medicine, for their antimicrobial properties against microorganisms, staphylococcus aureus, pseudomonas aeruginosa, candida albicans, candida krusei, candida glabrata and aspergillus fumigatus. the broth dilution method m27-t, standardized by the national committee for clinical laboratory standards (nc ... | 2006 | 16213684 |
| secular trends in nosocomial candidaemia in non-neutropenic patients in an italian tertiary hospital. | a retrospective study was performed in an italian tertiary hospital to evaluate trends in candidaemia between 1992 and 2001, and to compare the characteristics of episodes of fungaemia between 1992--1997 and 1998--2001. in total, 370 episodes of candidaemia were identified, with an average incidence of 0.99 episodes/10 000 patient-days/year (range 0.49--1.29 episodes). on an annual trend basis, the overall incidence was essentially stable in surgical and medical wards, but decreased in intensive ... | 2005 | 16216107 |
| bloodstream infections in pediatric patients. | blood stream infection (bsi) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in pediatric patients. this study aims to describe the clinical, microbiological characteristics and outcome of bsi in pediatric patients. | 2005 | 16228055 |
| candida glabrata fungemia cured by antibiotic-lock therapy: case report and short review. | catheter removal is now the standard recommendation of catheter-related fungemia even when tunneled devices are used. however, in the clinical practice, this procedure is not always without risks. antibiotic-lock technique can resolve many cases of catheter-related bacteraemia, but cure of catheter-related candidemia by this method has been attempted in very few instances, reviewed in this article. herein, we report a case of non-complicated candida glabrata fungemia related to a hickman cathete ... | 2005 | 16230210 |
| metabolic flux analysis for efficient pyruvate fermentation using vitamin-auxotrophic yeast of torulopsis glabrata. | the metabolism of a vitamin-auxotrophic pyruvate-producing microorganism, torulopsis glabrata ifo 0005, was investigated by metabolic flux analysis. particular attention was focused on the effect of culture conditions, such as dissolved oxygen (do) concentration and thiamine concentration, on specific pathway activities. the results of metabolic flux analysis indicate that the thiamine concentration significantly affected pyruvate dehydrogenase and pyruvate decarboxylase activities, and plays an ... | 1999 | 16232452 |
| breeding of high-pyruvate-producing torulopsis glabrata with acquired reduced pyruvate decarboxylase. | an efficient method for isolation of pyruvate-producing mutants of torulopsis glabrata ifo 0005 was established. on mutagenesis of the parent strain, mutants requiring acetate for complete growth were isolated. the acetate-leaky auxotrophic mutants demonstrated higher fermentative yields of pyruvate from glucose than the parent strain. thus, the pyruvate decarboxylase (pdc) activity of mutants requiring acetate for complete growth was lower than that of the parent strain. a decrease in the pdc a ... | 1999 | 16232593 |
| breeding of high-pyruvate-producing torulopsis glabrata and amino acid auxotrophic mutants. | an efficient method for the isolation of pyruvate-producing mutants of torulopsis glabrata ifo 0005 was established. on mutagenesis of the parent strain, mutants requiring polypeptone for complete growth were isolated. seven mutants among one hundred auxotrophs produced higher concentrations of pyruvate than the parent strain. among them, arginine (l-arg) auxotrophic mutants and an isoleucine (l-ile) and valine (l-val) double auxotrophic mutant exhibited higher fermentative production of pyruvat ... | 2000 | 16232832 |
| in vitro susceptibility of oral candida to seven antifungal agents. | the in vitro susceptibility of 618 candida isolates to fluconazole, itraconazole, voriconazole, ketoconazole, miconazole, amphotericin b, and nystatin was determined. the isolates were obtained from 559 patients who had attended the uk dental hospital departments in cardiff, belfast, glasgow or london. antifungal susceptibility was assessed using a broth microdilution method following the national committee for clinical laboratory standards (nccls) m27-a guidelines. the majority of the test stra ... | 2005 | 16238594 |
| voriconazole for candidosis: an important addition? | | 2005 | 16243074 |
| [torulopsis glabrata neomycin-resistant mutant abolishes pyruvate production with enhancement of glucose consumption rate]. | to further increase the rate of glucose consumption by multi-vitamin auxotrophic yeast torulopsis glabrata. a neomycin-resistant mutant n07, with the activity of f1-atpase decreased roughly 35% but glucose consumed per cell was increased 38% than that of parent strain, was breed based on analysis of energy metabolic pathway. the typical inhibitors of f1f0-atpase, dccd, nan3 and neomycin, depressed the f1-atpase activity of parental strain but no effect on that of mutant strain. strain n07 was cu ... | 2005 | 16245884 |
| prior antimicrobial therapy and risk for hospital-acquired candida glabrata and candida krusei fungemia: a case-case-control study. | the incidence of infections caused by candida glabrata and candida krusei, which are generally more resistant to fluconazole than candida albicans, is increasing in hospitalized patients. however, the extent to which prior exposure to specific antimicrobial agents increases the risk of subsequent c. glabrata or c. krusei candidemia has not been closely studied. a retrospective case-case-control study was performed at a university hospital. from 1998 to 2003, 60 patients were identified with hosp ... | 2005 | 16251295 |
| activities of flucytosine, fluconazole, amphotericin b, and micafungin in a murine model of disseminated infection by candida glabrata. | we compared the efficacies of amphotericin b, fluconazole, flucytosine, and micafungin in a systemic murine infection by three isolates of candida glabrata. amphotericin b showed the best results, although none of the drugs dramatically reduced mortality or tissue burden in liver or spleen. | 2005 | 16251323 |