| rapid development of enhanced atrazine degradation in a dundee silt loam soil under continuous corn and in rotation with cotton. | mississippi delta cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) production in rotation with corn (zea mays l.) was evaluated in field experiments from 2000 to 2005 at stoneville, mississippi. plots maintained under minimum tillage were established in 2000 on a dundee silt loam with treatments including continuous cotton or corn and alternate cotton-corn rotations. mineralization and dissipation of 14c [ring]-labeled atrazine were evaluated in the laboratory on soils collected prior to herbicide application in ... | 2007 | 17263485 |
| molecular cloning and expression analysis of a ranbp2 zinc finger protein gene in upland cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.). | gossypol is an important resistant substance of gossypium, and its storage organ is pigment gland. although, the relationship between gossypol and pigment gland has been studied for a long time, the development mechanism of pigment gland has not been revealed up to now in molecular perspective. on the basis of differentially expressed cdnas fragments at the stage of the cotton gland development using suppression subtractive hybridization (ssh), the complete cdna sequence of a novel ranbp2 zinc f ... | 2007 | 17223018 |
| a rapid single-step multiplex method for discriminating between trichogramma (hymenoptera: trichogrammatidae) species in australia. | inaccurate species identification confounds insect ecological studies. examining aspects of trichogramma ecology pertinent to the novel insect resistance management strategy for future transgenic cotton, gossypium hirsutum l., production in the ord river irrigation area (oria) of western australia required accurate differentiation between morphologically similar trichogramma species. established molecular diagnostic methods for trichogramma identification use species-specific sequence difference ... | 2006 | 17195685 |
| xenia effect on seed and embryo size in cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.). | the term xenia was coined to describe the effect of foreign pollen on the development and characters of the seed. to study its importance and consequences for various seed traits in cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.), the effect of pollen genotype on seed and embryo weight was studied with seeds from 15 f1 hybrids. cross-fertilization changed seed weight by up to 7.0% in relation to self-fertilization. xenia effect significantly increased embryo weight of cross-fertilized seeds, by up to 14.4% in co ... | 2006 | 17132897 |
| enhanced degradation of atrazine under field conditions correlates with a loss of weed control in the glasshouse. | enhanced degradation of atrazine has been reported in the literature, indicating the potential for reduced residual weed control with this herbicide. experiments were conducted to determine the field dissipation of atrazine in three cropping systems: continuous zea mays l. (cc) receiving atrazine applications each year, gossypium hirsutum l.-z. mays rotation (ccr) receiving applications of atrazine once every 2 years and a no atrazine history soil (nah). subsequent laboratory and greenhouse expe ... | 2007 | 17115404 |
| molecular characterization and expression analysis of nine cotton ghef1a genes encoding translation elongation factor 1a. | the translation elongation factor 1a, eef1a, plays an important role in protein synthesis, catalyzing the binding of aminoacyl-trna to the a-site of the ribosome by a gtp-dependent mechanism. to investigate the role of eef1a for protein synthesis in cotton fiber development, nine different cdna clones encoding eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1a were isolated from cotton (gossypium hirsutum) fiber cdna libraries. the isolated genes (cdnas) were designated cotton elongation factor 1a gene ... | 2007 | 17107762 |
| [structural-functional organization of chloroplasts in leaves of xantha-702 mutant of gossypium hirsutum l]. | for cotton mutant xantha (gossypium hirsutum l.), it has been established that synthesis of 5-aminolevulinic acid was blocked in the light. in the light this mutant accumulates chlorophyll by 30 times lower as compared to the parent type. in mutant xantha, a very few pigment-protein complexes of ps-i and ps-ii are formed in chloroplasts, and formation of membrane system in these is blocked at the early stages, in most cases, at the stage of bubbles and single short thylakoids. functional activit ... | 2006 | 17087145 |
| [cloning of ghaqp1 gene and its specific expression during ovule development in cotton]. | plant aquaporins, belonging to the mip superfamily, are a series of transmembrane proteins that facilitate water transport through cell membranes. in this study, a cdna clone encoding the pip1-like protein was isolated from cotton (gossypium hirsutum) cdna libraries, and designated as ghaqp1 (fig.1). we also isolated the ghaqp1 gene from cotton genome by pcr. the gene is 2,096 bp in length, including an open reading frame (orf) and 5'-/3'-untranslated regions (utr). it contains two introns in it ... | 2006 | 17075177 |
| evaluation of source leaf responses to water-deficit stresses in cotton using a novel stress bioassay. | water-deficit stresses preferentially reduce shoot growth, thereby disrupting the flow of carbohydrates from source leaves to the developing sinks. here, we use a novel stress bioassay to dissect responses of field and greenhouse-grown cotton (gossypium hirsutum) source leaves to water-deficit stresses. fifth main stem leaf samples were harvested at sunrise and subjected to a prolonged elevated respiratory demand in the dark. sucrose levels are lower in nonstressed cotton at sunrise compared to ... | 2007 | 17071650 |
| infraspecific dna methylation polymorphism in cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.). | cytosine methylation is important in the epigenetic regulation of gene expression and development in plants and has been implicated in silencing duplicate genes after polyploid formation in several plant groups. relatively little information exists, however, on levels and patterns of methylation polymorphism (mp) at homologous loci within species. here we explored the levels and patterns of methylation-polymorphism diversity at ccgg sites within allotetraploid cotton, gossypium hirsutum, using a ... | 2006 | 16987937 |
| soil microbial activity is affected by roundup weathermax and pesticides applied to cotton (gossypium hirsutum). | adoption of glyphosate-based weed control systems has led to increased use of the herbicide with continued use of additional pesticides. combinations of pesticides may affect soil microbial activity differently than pesticides applied alone. research was conducted to evaluate the influence of glyphosate-based cotton pest management systems on soil microbial activity. soil was treated with commercial formulations of trifluralin, aldicarb, and mefenoxam + pentachloronitrobenzene (pcnb) with or wit ... | 2006 | 16968086 |
| efficient delivery of small interfering rna to plant cells by a nanosecond pulsed laser-induced stress wave for posttranscriptional gene silencing. | small interfering rna (sirna) induced posttranscriptional gene silencing (ptgs) has been an efficient method for genetic and molecular analysis of certain developmental and physiological processes and represented a potential strategy for both controlling virus replication and developing therapeutic products. however, there are limitations for the methods currently used to deliver sirna into cells. we report here, to our knowledge, the first efficient delivery of sirna to plant cells by a nanosec ... | 2006 | 22980207 |
| [spectral characteristics and the structure of chloroplasts upon blocking the early stages of chlorophyll biosynthesis]. | the cotton mutant xantha (gossypium hirsutum l.) with the blocked synthesis of 5-aminolevulinic acid in the light has been shown to accumulate chlorophyll 30 times less than the parent type. in chloroplasts of the mutant xantha, the formation of the membrane system is blocked at the earliest stages, mainly at the stage of bubbles and single short thylakoids. only light-harvesting chlorophyll-a/b-protein complexes i and ii with chlorophyll fluorescence maxima at 728 and 681 nm, respectively, are ... | 2006 | 16909851 |
| effect of monosodium methanarsonate application on cuticle wax content of cocklebur and cotton plants. | leaf cuticle waxes were extracted from monosodium methanearsonate (msma)-resistant (r) and -susceptible (s) common cocklebur (xanthium strumarium l.) and cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) plants at 0, 3, 5, and 7 days after treatment (dat) following 1x and 2x msma applications. wax constituents were analyzed by gas chromatography (gc) with flame ionization detection and compared to alkane and alcohol standards of carbon lengths varying from c21 to c30. differences in waxes were calculated and repor ... | 2006 | 16893783 |
| accumulation of genome-specific transcripts, transcription factors and phytohormonal regulators during early stages of fiber cell development in allotetraploid cotton. | gene expression during the early stages of fiber cell development and in allopolyploid crops is poorly understood. here we report computational and expression analyses of 32 789 high-quality ests derived from gossypium hirsutum l. texas marker-1 (tm-1) immature ovules (gh_tmo). the ests were assembled into 8540 unique sequences including 4036 tentative consensus sequences (tcs) and 4504 singletons, representing approximately 15% of the unique sequences in the cotton est collection. compared with ... | 2006 | 16889650 |
| molecular cloning of a peroxidase gene from poplar and its expression in response to stress. | to elucidate the precise functions of peroxidase in poplar (populus alba x p. tremula var. glandulosa), we cloned a peroxidase gene (popod1) from poplar suspension culture cells and examined its expression pattern in response to various stresses. popod1 showed the highest homology with a bacterial-induced peroxidase gene from cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.). the popod1 gene encodes a putative 316 amino acid protein with an n-terminal signal peptide of 23 residues. the dna blot analysis indicated ... | 2006 | 16877325 |
| foliar washoff potential and simulated surface runoff losses of trifloxysulfuron in cotton. | the surface runoff potential of trifloxysulfuron {n-[(4,6-dimethoxy-2-pyrimidinyl)carbamoyl]-3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoy)-pyridin-2-sulfonamide sodium salt} in cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) production systems has not been evaluated. the objectives of this study were to (i) determine sorption/desorption coefficients for trifloxysulfuron; (ii) quantify foliar washoff of trifloxysulfuron when applied to cotton at the five-leaf stage; and (iii) determine the surface runoff potential of trifloxysulfuron ... | 2006 | 16848537 |
| soil organic carbon sequestration in cotton production systems of the southeastern united states: a review. | past agricultural management practices have contributed to the loss of soil organic carbon (soc) and emission of greenhouse gases (e.g., carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide). fortunately, however, conservation-oriented agricultural management systems can be, and have been, developed to sequester soc, improve soil quality, and increase crop productivity. our objectives were to (i) review literature related to soc sequestration in cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) production systems, (ii) recommend best ... | 2006 | 16825457 |
| influence of cytokinins, auxins and polyamines on in vitro mass multiplication of cotton (gossypium hirsutum l. cv. svpr2). | in the present investigation, the influence of different forms of cytokinins, auxins and polyamines were tested for mass multiplication and regeneration of cotton. initially, for the identification of effective concentration for multiple shoot induction, various concentrations of bap, kin and 2ip along with iaa and naa were tested. among tested concentrations, media fortified with ms salts; b5 vitamins; 30 g/l, glucose; 2.0 mg/l, 2ip; 2.0 mg/l, iaa and 0.7 % agar showed best response for multipl ... | 2006 | 16784123 |
| effect of racemic and (+)- and (-)-gossypol on the survival and development of helicoverpa zea larvae. | gossypol is a sesquiterpene that occurs naturally in seed and other parts of the cotton plant. because of restricted rotation around the binaphthyl bond, it occurs naturally as enantiomeric mixtures with (+)-gossypol to (-)-gossypol ratios that vary between 97:3 and 31:69. commercial cotton varieties (gossypium hirsutum) normally exhibit an approximate 3:2 ratio. (+)-gossypol is significantly less toxic than (-)-gossypol to nonruminant animals; thus, cottonseed containing high levels of (+)-goss ... | 2006 | 16739016 |
| sampling methods, dispersion patterns, and fixed precision sequential sampling plans for western flower thrips (thysanoptera: thripidae) and cotton fleahoppers (hemiptera: miridae) in cotton. | a 2-yr field study was conducted to examine the effectiveness of two sampling methods (visual and plant washing techniques) for western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis (pergande), and five sampling methods (visual, beat bucket, drop cloth, sweep net, and vacuum) for cotton fleahopper, pseudatomoscelis seriatus (reuter), in texas cotton, gossypium hirsutum (l.), and to develop sequential sampling plans for each pest. the plant washing technique gave similar results to the visual method ... | 2006 | 16686161 |
| complete assignment of the chromosomes of gossypium hirsutum l. by translocation and fluorescence in situ hybridization mapping. | significant progress has been made in the construction of genetic maps in the tetraploid cotton gossypium hirsutum. however, six linkage groups (lgs) have still not been assigned to specific chromosomes, which is a hindrance for integrated genetic map construction. in the present research, specific bacterial artificial chromosome (bac) clones constructed in g. hirsutum acc. tm-1 for these six lgs were identified by screening the bac library using linkage group-specific simple-sequence repeats ma ... | 2006 | 16609860 |
| physical mapping of the rf1 fertility-restoring gene to a 100 kb region in cotton. | cytoplasmic male sterility (cms) plays an important role in crop heterosis exploitation. determining one or more nuclear genes that can restore male fertility to cms is essential for developing hybrid cultivars. genetic and physical mapping is the standard technique required for isolating these restoration genes. by screening 2,250 simple sequence repeat (ssr) primer pairs in cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.), we identified five new ssr markers that are closely linked to the rf1 gene, a fertility r ... | 2006 | 16544127 |
| ratios of (+)- and (-)-gossypol in leaves, stems, and roots of selected accessions of gossypium hirsutum var. marie galante (watt) hutchinson. | gossypol is an allelochemical that occurs naturally throughout the cotton plant as an enantiomeric mixture. gossypol and related terpenoids protect the plant from some insect herbivores. cottonseed has a high protein content, but it is underutilized because (-)-gossypol, which is toxic to nonruminants, occurs in the seed along with (+)-gossypol. commercial upland cottons usually have an approximate 3:2 (+)- to (-)-gossypol ratio in the seed, but plants can be bred with <8% (-)-gossypol using acc ... | 2006 | 16506812 |
| cotton genome mapping with new microsatellites from acala 'maxxa' bac-ends. | fine mapping and positional cloning will eventually improve with the anchoring of additional markers derived from genomic clones such as bacs. from 2,603 new bac-end genomic sequences from gossypium hirsutum acala 'maxxa', 1,316 pcr primer pairs (designated as musb) were designed to flank microsatellite or simple sequence repeat motif sequences. most (1164 or 88%) musb primer pairs successfully amplified dna from three species of cotton with an average of three amplicons per marker and 365 marke ... | 2006 | 16501995 |
| a global assembly of cotton ests. | approximately 185,000 gossypium est sequences comprising >94,800,000 nucleotides were amassed from 30 cdna libraries constructed from a variety of tissues and organs under a range of conditions, including drought stress and pathogen challenges. these libraries were derived from allopolyploid cotton (gossypium hirsutum; a(t) and d(t) genomes) as well as its two diploid progenitors, gossypium arboreum (a genome) and gossypium raimondii (d genome). ests were assembled using the program for assembli ... | 2006 | 16478941 |
| transcriptome profiling, molecular biological, and physiological studies reveal a major role for ethylene in cotton fiber cell elongation. | upland cotton (gossypium hirsutum) produces the most widely used natural fibers, yet the regulatory mechanisms governing fiber cell elongation are not well understood. through sequencing of a cotton fiber cdna library and subsequent microarray analysis, we found that ethylene biosynthesis is one of the most significantly upregulated biochemical pathways during fiber elongation. the 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid oxidase1-3 (aco1-3) genes responsible for ethylene production were expressed ... | 2006 | 16461577 |
| the peroxidative coupling of hemigossypol to (+)- and (-)-gossypol in cottonseed extracts. | peroxidase(s) present in embryo extracts of gossypium hirsutum cv. texas marker 1 catalyzed a bimolecular coupling of [4-(3)h]-hemigossypol to [4,4'-(3)h(2)]-gossypol. the reaction was dependent on the addition of h(2)o(2) and was inhibited 71-94% by 1 and 10mm sodium azide. the phenolic coupling produced 53% (+)-gossypol and 47% (-)-gossypol in close agreement to the 49% (+)-gossypol and 51% (-)-gossypol found in the intact seed. the nearly racemic mixture of (+)-and (-)-gossypol produced in th ... | 2006 | 16403543 |
| oviposition deterrents in larval frass of the cotton boll worm, helicoverpa armigera (lepidoptera: noctuidae): chemical identification and electroantennography analysis. | oviposition deterrents in the frass of cotton bollworm (cbw), helicoverpa armigera larvae fed on an artificial diet (fa) and on cotton gossypium hirsutum leaves (fc) were investigated by behavioral bioassays and electroantennography analyses in the laboratory. it was found that a water suspension or a hexane extract of the frass fa or fc, in contrast to the corresponding foods, significantly deterred oviposition of conspecifics. when hexane extracts of the frass fa and fc were further partitione ... | 2006 | 16388821 |
| characteristics, development and mapping of gossypium hirsutum derived est-ssrs in allotetraploid cotton. | in order to construct a saturated genetic map and facilitate marker-assisted selection (mas) breeding, it is necessary to enhance the current reservoir of known molecular markers in gossypium. microsatellites or simple sequence repeats (ssrs) occur in expressed sequence tags (est) in plants. many ests are publicly available now and represent a good tool in developing est-ssrs. from 13,505 ests developed from our two cotton fiber/ovule cdna libraries constructed for upland cotton, 966 (7.15%) con ... | 2006 | 16341684 |
| dna content and expression of genes related to cell cycling in developing gossypium hirsutum (malvaceae) fibers. | the cell cycle in cotton (gossypium hirsutum) fibers is poorly understood. the objective of this study was to evaluate the cell cycle status and dna content in developing cotton fibers. the dna content and cell cycle distribution in fiber and hypocotyl cells were determined by flow cytometry. expression levels of minichrosomal maintenance protein (mcm), cyclin b, and a retinoblastoma-like protein (rb) genes were determined with real-time pcr in fibers and dividing and nondividing tissues. no end ... | 2005 | 21646111 |
| developmental and gene expression analyses of a cotton naked seed mutant. | cotton fiber development is a fundamental biological phenomenon, yet the molecular basis of fiber cell initiation is poorly understood. we examined molecular and cellular events of fiber cell development in the naked seed mutant (n1n1) and its isogenic line of cotton (gossypium hirsutum l. cv. texas marker-1, tm-1). the dominant mutation not only delayed the process of fiber cell formation and elongation but also reduced the total number of fiber cells, resulting in sparsely distributed short fi ... | 2006 | 16254724 |
| carbon source dependent somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration in cotton, gossypium hirsutum l. cv. svpr2 through suspension cultures. | highly reproducible and simple protocol for cotton somatic embryogenesis is described here by using different concentrations of maltose, glucose, sucrose and fructose. maltose (30 g/l) is the best carbon source for embryogenic callus induction and glucose (30 g/l) was suitable for induction, maturation of embryoids and plant regeneration. creamy white embryogenic calli of hypocotyl explants were formed on medium containing ms basal salts, myo-inositol (100 mg/l), thiamine hci (0.3 mg/l), piclora ... | 2005 | 16235728 |
| [spontaneous and induced programmed cell death in suspension cell cultures of cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.)]. | cotton suspension cells grew well in the ms medium supplemented with 0.1 mg/l 2,4 d and 0.1 mg/l kt. senescence occurred when the cells were unsubcultured. the cells began to lose their viabilities on the 17th day, and on the 21th day oligonucleosomal sized dna fragments ( dna ladder) could be detected. oligonucleosomal sized dna fragments ( dna ladder) was the hallmark of the programmed cell death. programmed cell death of cotton suspension cells could be induced respectively by some stress fac ... | 2005 | 16231696 |
| leaf senescence-like characteristics contribute to cotton's premature photosynthetic decline. | leaf and canopy photosynthesis of cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) declines as the crop approaches cutout, just as the assimilate needs for reproductive growth are peaking. our objective with this study was to determine whether this decline is due to remobilization of leaf components to support the reproductive growth or due to some cue from the changing environmental conditions during the growing season. field studies were conducted in 1995-1996 at stoneville, mississippi, using six cotton genoty ... | 2000 | 16228485 |
| cycloheximide treatment of cotton ovules alters the abundance of specific classes of mrnas and generates novel ests for microarray expression profiling. | fibres of cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) are single elongated epidermal cells that start to develop on the outer surface of cotton ovules on the day of anthesis. little is known about the control of fibre initiation and development. as a first step towards discovering important genes involved in fibre initiation and development using a genomics approach, we report technical advances aimed at reducing redundancy and increasing coverage for anonymous cdna microarrays in this study. cotton ovule cd ... | 2005 | 16208490 |
| simple sequence repeat marker associated with a natural leaf defoliation trait in tetraploid cotton. | cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) leaf defoliation has a significant ecological and economical impact on cotton production. thus the utilization of a natural leaf defoliation trait, which exists in wild diploid cotton species, in the development of tetraploid cultivated cotton will not only be cost effective, but will also facilitate production of very high-grade fiber. the primary goal of our research was to tag loci associated with natural leaf defoliation using microsatellite markers in upland c ... | 2010 | 16159909 |
| estimating photosynthetic electron transport via chlorophyll fluorometry without photosystem ii light saturation. | estimates of thylakoid electron transport rates (j(e)) from chlorophyll fluorometry are often used in combination with leaf gas exchange measurements to provide detailed information about photosynthetic activity of leaves in situ. estimating j(e) requires accurate determination of the quantum efficiency of photosystem ii (phi(p)), which in turn requires momentary light saturation of the photosystem ii light harvesting complex to induce the maximum fluorescence signal (f(m)'). in practice, full s ... | 2004 | 16151873 |
| broiler litter as a micronutrient source for cotton: concentrations in plant parts. | analytically, poultry litter contains nearly all essential micronutrients but the extent of phytoavailability of these nutrients and whether cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) and other crop plants can receive adequate amounts of these nutrients from litter is not fully known. the objective of this research was to determine whether cotton receives sufficient amounts of fe, cu, mn, and zn from litter and estimate the efficiency of cotton in extracting these metal nutrients from litter in the absence ... | 2006 | 16091623 |
| isolation and characterization of drought-related trehalose 6-phosphate-synthase gene from cultivated cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.). | due to the important role of cotton drought-tolerant varieties and the reported involvement in this trait of trehalose-6-phosphate-synthase, the respective gene (tps) was isolated and characterized from cultivated cotton, gossypium hirsutum (zeta 2 cultivar), using a chromosome-walking technique. tps has three exons comprising the coding region. southern blot analysis indicated that the gossypium genomes (a and d) contain a single copy of tps per genome. in addition, the expression of this gene ... | 2006 | 16086175 |
| genetic mapping of a cross between gossypium hirsutum (cotton) and the hawaiian endemic, gossypium tomentosum. | the existence of five tetraploid species that derive from a common polyploidization event about 1 million years ago makes gossypium (cotton) an attractive genus in which to study polyploid evolution and offers opportunities for crop improvement through introgression. to date, only crosses (hb) between the cultivated tetraploid cottons gossypium hirsutum and g. barbadense have been genetically mapped. genetic analysis of a cross (ht) between g. hirsutum and the hawaiian endemic g. tomentosum is r ... | 2005 | 16044266 |
| activity of selected neonicotinoids and dicrotophos on nontarget arthropods in cotton: implications in insect management. | certain neonicotinoids are used in cotton, gossypium hirsutum (l.), to control various piercing-sucking pests. we conducted field studies using three neonicotinoids (acetamiprid, thiamethoxam, and imidacloprid) and an organophosphate (dicrotophos) to assess the activity of these insecticides against nontarget arthropods, particularly predators, and to determine the potential economic consequences of such activity. mortality among populations of the big-eyed bug, geocoris punctipes (say), and the ... | 2005 | 16022310 |
| agricultural dust production in standard and conservation tillage systems in the san joaquin valley. | the negative health effects of repeated dust exposure have been well documented. in california's san joaquin valley, agricultural operations may contribute substantially to airborne particulates. we evaluated four management systems to assess impacts on dust production and soil properties for a cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.)-tomato (lycopersicon esculentum mill.) rotation: standard tillage with (stcc) and without (stno) cover crop, and conservation tillage with (ctcc) and without (ctno) cover cr ... | 2006 | 15998847 |
| molecular dissection of interspecific variation between gossypium hirsutum and g. barbadense (cotton) by a backcross-self approach: ii. fiber fineness. | a backcross-self population from a cross between gossypium hirsutum and g. barbadense was used to dissect the molecular basis of genetic variation governing two parameters reflecting lint fiber fineness and to compare the precision of these two measurements. by applying a detailed restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) map to 3,662 bc(3)f(2) plants from 24 independently derived bc(3) families, we were able to detect 32 and nine quantitative trait loci (qtls) for fiber fineness and micro ... | 2005 | 15995865 |
| okra-leaf accessions of the upland cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.): genetic variability in agronomic and fibre traits. | okra-leaf types of the upland cotton have the potential to be competitive to the normal-leaf types in yield and fibre quality, in addition to its potential resistance to insect pests and drought. okra-leaf cotton accessions, collected at cotton research institute, faisalabad, pakistan, were evaluated in respect of genetic variance and relative performance in half- and full-sib crosses (combining ability) for 2 years. variation due to parents x years interaction was significant for lint percentag ... | 2005 | 15977325 |
| successive chromosome walking by compatible ends ligation inverse pcr. | here we describe an advanced polymerase chain reaction (pcr) technique, the compatible ends ligation inverse pcr (celi-pcr) for chromosome walking. in celi-pcr, several restriction enzymes, which produce compatible cohesive ends, were used to digest target dna simultaneously or sequentially to produce dna fragments of suitable size. dna fragments were then easily circularized and pcr amplification could be carried out efficiently. the previous limitations of inverse pcr were overcome, such as un ... | 2005 | 15920279 |
| systemic induction of volatile release in cotton: how specific is the signal to herbivory? | plants attacked by herbivorous insects release chemical signals that attract natural enemies of the herbivores to the damaged plants. feeding of spodoptera exigua larvae on the lower leaves of cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) for multiple feeding periods of 9-12 h with a 12 h, interval in between when the caterpillars are removed overnight, will induce a systemic release of volatile compounds that is comparable to the volatiles released in response to continuous feeding damage on the lower leaves ... | 2005 | 15856281 |
| [cloning and expression analysis of two rac genes from cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.)]. | plant rac proteins belong to an important group of signal switches anchoring on membranes, involved in various physiological processes including cell polar growth, synthesis of secondary wall, resistance response and hormone signaling. in the attempt to elucidate the molecular mechanism of initiation and elongation of cotton fiber, two cotton rac protein genes, designated as ghraca and ghracb, were amplified from elongating fibers and cloned. it was demonstrated that, the cdna of ghraca containe ... | 2005 | 15715441 |
| the delayed initiation and slow elongation of fuzz-like short fibre cells in relation to altered patterns of sucrose synthase expression and plasmodesmata gating in a lintless mutant of cotton. | cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) seed develops single-celled long fibres (lint) from the seed-coat epidermis at anthesis. previous studies have shown that the initiation and rapid elongation of these fibres requires the expression of sucrose synthase (sus) and, potentially, a transient closure of plasmodesmata. this study extends the previous work to examine the patterns of sus expression and plasmodesmata gating in fuzz-like short fibres of a mutant that shows delayed initiation and much slower a ... | 2005 | 15710635 |
| combined effects of elevated co2 and herbivore damage on alfalfa and cotton. | we examined herbivore-induced responses of alfalfa (medicago sativa) and cotton (gossypium hirsutum) under different co2 conditions. plants were grown under ambient (350 ppm) or elevated (700 ppm) co2 levels, and were either damaged or undamaged by spodoptera littoralis larvae. at harvest, growth of undamaged (control) plants was determined, and foliar chemical composition of both undamaged and damaged plants was analyzed. cotton grew faster overall and showed a greater increase in growth in res ... | 2004 | 15672673 |
| confirmation and quantification of strigolactones, germination stimulants for root parasitic plants striga and orobanche, produced by cotton. | the germination stimulants for root parasitic plants striga and orobanche produced by cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) were examined in detail. seeds of cotton were germinated and grown on glass wool wetted with sterile distilled water in sterile filter units. the root exudate was collected daily and extracted with ethyl acetate. each of these ethyl acetate extracts was analyzed directly by high-performance liquid chromatography linked with tandem mass spectrometry (lc/ms/ms). the results demonstr ... | 2005 | 15665473 |
| evaluation of transgenic cotton varieties and a glyphosate application on seedling disease incidence. | a study was conducted to determine whether stand densities of transgenic cotton (gossypium hirsutum) varieties, with or without glyphosate, were similar to conventional varieties of the same lineage group in georgia and mississippi. transgenic and conventional cotton varieties were placed into five lineage groups of related varieties and seedling disease was evaluated in three greenhouse tests and a field trial using rhizoctonia solani ag-4. seed vigor was determined by standard germination stud ... | 2004 | 15645175 |
| chromosomal assignment of rflp linkage groups harboring important qtls on an intraspecific cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) joinmap. | chromosome identities were assigned to 15 linkage groups of the rflp joinmap developed from four intraspecific cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) populations with different genetic backgrounds (acala, delta, and texas plains). the linkage groups were assigned to chromosomes by deficiency analysis of probes in the previously published joinmap, based on genomic dna from hypoaneuploid chromosome substitution lines. these findings were integrated with qtl identification for multiple fiber and yield trai ... | 2010 | 15618303 |
| [cloning and characterization of two beta-mannosidase cdnas in gossypium hirsutum l]. | by using the method of pcr-based cdna library screening, two beta-mannosidase clones, ghmana1 and ghmana2, had been isolated. ghmana1 had a length of 2692 bp coding for a polypeptide of 834 amino acids, and ghmana2 was 3209 bp which encoded a polypeptide of 976 amino acids. ghmana1 and ghmana2 shared an identical sequence of 747 amino acids in their carboxyl-terminals, but were distinctly different in their amino-terminals. both beta-mannosidases were members of glycosyl hydrolase family 2, whic ... | 2004 | 15599050 |
| sts markers linked to the rf1 fertility restorer gene of cotton. | marker-assisted selection (mas) can accelerate the process of plant breeding, and sequence-tagged site (sts) markers are highly specific for regions of dna being used for mas. the objective of this research was to develop sts markers tightly linked with rf1, the fertility restoring gene for cytoplasmic male sterility (cms) in cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.). bulked segregant analysis was employed to screen for rf1-linked rapd markers in a backcross population. four rapd markers were identified, t ... | 2005 | 15592810 |
| a plant-specific kinesin binds to actin microfilaments and interacts with cortical microtubules in cotton fibers. | a novel kinesin, ghkch1, has been identified from cotton (gossypium hirsutum) fibers. ghkch1 has a centrally located kinesin catalytic core, a signature neck peptide of minus end-directed kinesins, and a unique calponin homology (ch) domain at its n terminus. ghkch1 and other ch domain-containing kinesins (kchs) belong to a distinct branch of the minus end-directed kinesin subfamily. to date the kch kinesins have been found only in higher plants. because the ch domain is often found in actin-bin ... | 2004 | 15557092 |
| cloning, characterization, and evolution of the nbs-lrr-encoding resistance gene analogue family in polyploid cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.). | the nucleotide-binding site-leucine-rich repeat (nbs-lrr)-encoding gene family has attracted much research interest because approximately 75% of the plant disease resistance genes that have been cloned to date are from this gene family. we cloned the nbs-lrr-encoding genes from polyploid cotton by a polymerase chain reaction-based approach. a sample of 150 clones was selected from the nbs-lrr gene sequence library and was sequenced, and 61 resistance gene analogs (rga) were identified. sequence ... | 2004 | 15553248 |
| fluometuron and pendimethalin runoff from strip and conventionally tilled cotton in the southern atlantic coastal plain. | in the atlantic coastal plain region of southern georgia (usa), cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) acreage increased threefold in the past decade. to more effectively protect water quality in the region, best management practices are needed that reduce pesticide runoff from fields in cotton production. this study compared runoff of two herbicides, fluometuron [n,n-dimethyl-n'-[3-(trifluoromethyl)-phenyl]-urea] and pendimethalin [n-(1-ethylpropyl)-3,4-dimethyl-2,6-dinitro-benzenamine], from plots in ... | 2015 | 15537934 |
| cloning and expression analysis of a bzip cdna in gossypium hirsutum l. | a new full-length cdna clone was isolated from the fiber cdna library of gossypium hirsutum l. the cdna, designated ghbzip,encoded a polypeptide of 645 amino acids. ghbzip protein had the structure characteristics of plant bzip proteins, including two conserved domains, duf630 and duf632 with unknown functions, a proline-rich domain and a phenylalanine-rich domain. meanwhile, the protein contained a leucine zipper-like motif in duf632. the hydropathy analysis showed that the ghbzip was a membran ... | 2004 | 15490881 |
| [the structural characteristics, alternative splicing and genetic experession analysis of adp-ribosylation-factor 1 (arf1) in cotton]. | the full-length cdna,dna and promoter of adp-ribosylation-factor 1 (arf1) was isolated from gossypium hirsutum y18 by means of isocaudarner inverse pcr (ii-pcr) and rapid isolating cdna 5' unknown sequence and promoter (ricup) established in our lab. results indicated that the gene is 4 360 bp in size, including seven exons and six introns. interestingly, alterative splicing occurs at intron i. differential processing of intron 1 yields three different transcripts with 1 026 bp, 1103 bp and 1 54 ... | 2004 | 15481542 |
| effects of farmyard manure and fertilizers on yield, fibre quality and nutrient balance of rainfed cotton (gossypium hirsutum). | two-year field experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of fertilizer with or without farmyard manure (fym) application on cotton productivity and fibre quality. a partial nutrient balance was calculated by the difference method (nutrient applied--crop removal). seed cotton yield was improved with addition of fym (5 mg ha(-1)). application of both n and p resulted in significant improvements in seed cotton yield than the control and without n plots (pk). uniformity ratio and ginning out ... | 2005 | 15474936 |
| msma resistance studies. | monosodium methanearsonate (msma)-resistant and -susceptible common cocklebur (xanthium strumarium l.) and cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) were treated with msma. plant parameters analyzed were: glutathione synthetase activity, selected amino acid (arginine, glutamic acid, alanine, citrulline, glutamine, and glutathione) content and arsenic content (msma, total arsenic, and arsonate). no reduction of arsenic from the parent pentavalent form present in msma to the trivalent form was detected. argi ... | 2004 | 15473645 |
| cloning and expression analysis of carboxyl-terminal protease cdna from gossypium hirsutum l. | a full-length cotton cdna,designated ghctp, was isolated from gossypium hirsutum l. by the pcr-based cdna library screening. the cdna encodes a polypeptide of 473-amino acid residues. sequence alignment showed that ghctp was highly homologous to a family of carboxyl-terminal proteases (ctp) from other species. ghctp is a potential transmembrane protease, and comprises a conserved domain numbered duf239 at its carboxyl-terminal and an arginine-rich region at the amino-terminal, respectively. furt ... | 2004 | 15473308 |
| molecular cloning and characterization of ghlecrk, a novel kinase gene with lectin-like domain from gossypium hirsutum. | a novel gene encoding a lectin-like protein kinase was cloned from the upland cotton (gossypium hirsutum) through cdna library screening. this gene (named as ghlecrk; genbank accession number: ay487461) had a total length of 2233bp with an open reading frame of 1926bp, and encoded a predicted polypeptide of 641 amino acids with a molecular weight of 71.16kda. the ghlecrk protein shared 73, 65, 64 and 59% identity with other lectin-like kinase proteins isolated from a. thaliana (at3g53810, at2g37 ... | 2004 | 15354356 |
| an optimized gossypol high-performance liquid chromatography assay and its application in evaluation of different gland genotypes of cotton. | a comparative study on gossypol content of various genetic types of pigment glands of cotton varieties was conducted through an optimized high-performance liquid chromatography (hplc) on a c18 column (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm particle) with methanol-0.5% acetic acid aqueous solution, 90 : 10 (v/v), as mobile phase, at a flow rate of 0.8 ml/min and uv detection at 254 nm. the method was shown to be highly reproducible, with precision [as relative standard deviation (rsd)] and accuracy [as relati ... | 2004 | 15286405 |
| members of a new group of chitinase-like genes are expressed preferentially in cotton cells with secondary walls. | two homologous cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) genes, ghctl1 and ghctl2, encode members of a new group of chitinase-like proteins (called the ghctl group) that includes other proteins from two cotton species, arabidopsis, rice, and pea. members of the ghctl group are assigned to family gh19 glycoside hydrolases along with numerous authentic chitinases (http://afmb.cnrs-mrs.fr/cazy/index.html), but the proteins have novel consensus sequences in two regions that are essential for chitinase activity ... | 2004 | 15284492 |
| wide-cross whole-genome radiation hybrid mapping of cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.). | we report the development and characterization of a "wide-cross whole-genome radiation hybrid" (wwrh) panel from cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.). chromosomes were segmented by gamma-irradiation of g. hirsutum (n = 26) pollen, and segmented chromosomes were rescued after in vivo fertilization of g. barbadense egg cells (n = 26). a 5-krad gamma-ray wwrh mapping panel (n = 93) was constructed and genotyped at 102 ssr loci. ssr marker retention frequencies were higher than those for animal systems an ... | 2004 | 15280245 |
| injury to preflowering and flowering cotton by brown stink bug and southern green stink bug. | the impact of brown stink bug, euschistus servus (say), and southern green stink bug, nezara viridula (l.), injury was evaluated on preflowering and flowering cotton, gossypium hirsutum l., plants in no-choice tests. vegetative stage cotton seedlings and reproductive structures, including flower buds (square) and bolls, were infested with adults and/or nymphs of both species. there were no significant differences in height, height to node ratio, square retention, and flower initiation for cotton ... | 2004 | 15279273 |
| evaluation of haemoglobin (erythrogen): for improved somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration in cotton (gossypium hirsutum l. cv. svpr 2). | somatic embryogenesis in cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) is accelerated when the plant regeneration medium is supplemented with haemoglobin (erythrogen). in cotton svpr 2 lines, a higher frequency of embryoid formation was observed when the medium contained 400 mg/l haemoglobin. fresh weight of the callus, rate of embryoid induction, number of embryoids formed and the percentage of plant regeneration from somatic embryos were increased. among the two different cultivars tested, mcu 11 showed no r ... | 2004 | 15278417 |
| incongruent patterns of local and global genome size evolution in cotton. | genome sizes in plants vary over several orders of magnitude, reflecting a combination of differentially acting local and global forces such as biases in indel accumulation and transposable element proliferation or removal. to gain insight into the relative role of these and other forces, approximately 105 kb of contiguous sequence surrounding the cellulose synthase gene cesa1 was compared for the two coresident genomes (at and dt) of the allopolyploid cotton species, gossypium hirsutum. these t ... | 2004 | 15256507 |
| terpenoid aldehyde formation and lysigenous gland storage sites in cotton: variant with mature glands but suppressed levels of terpenoid aldehydes. | a new cotton variant with reduced levels of terpenoid aldehydes (sesquiterpenoids and sesterterpenoids (heliocides)) was isolated from the progeny of hemizygous cotton (gossypium hirsutum cv. coker 312) transformed with antisense (+)-delta-cadinene synthase cdna. southern analysis of leaf dna digested with hindiii, pst or kpni restriction endonucleases did not detect any antisense cdn1-c1 dna in the genome of the variant. the gossypol content in the seed of the variant was markedly lower than in ... | 2004 | 15231408 |
| leaf and canopy photosynthetic characteristics of cotton (gossypium hirsutum) under elevated co2 concentration and uv-b radiation. | increases in both atmospheric co2 concentration ([co2]) and ultraviolet-b (uv-b) radiation on the earth's surface are features of current climate change patterns. an experiment was conducted in sunlit, controlled environment chambers known as soil-plant-atmosphere-research (spar) units to determine interactive effects of elevated [co2] and uv-b radiation on leaf and canopy photosynthetic characteristics of cotton. six treatments were comprised of two co2 levels of 360 (ambient) and 720 (elevated ... | 2004 | 15202715 |
| characterization of the brassinosteroid insensitive 1 genes of cotton. | suppression of brassinosteroid (br) biosynthesis in cotton ovules by treatment with brassinazole inhibits fiber formation, indicating that br plays an important role in cotton fiber development. plant responses to brassinosteroids (br) are mediated through a plasma membrane-bound leucine-rich repeat (lrr) receptor-like protein kinase known as bri1. mutations in the bri1 genes of several species result in dwarfed plants with reduced sensitivity to br. a single expressed sequence tag (est) from co ... | 2004 | 15159624 |
| recovery of leaf area through accelerated shoot ontogeny in thrips-damaged cotton seedlings. | leaf area of cotton seedlings (gossypium hirsutum) can be reduced by as much as 50 % by early season thrips infestations, but it is well documented that plants can regain the difference in leaf area once infestation ceases. the processes involved in the recovery have not been identified. hypotheses include enhancement of the photosynthetic rate of the damaged leaves, more efficient leaf construction (i.e. more leaf area per unit of dry matter invested in new leaves), and more branching. | 2004 | 15155380 |
| effects of nematicides on cotton root mycobiota. | baseline information on the diversity and population densities of fungi collected from soil debris and cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) roots was determined. samples were collected from tifton, ga, and starkville, ms containing cotton field soil treated with the nematicides 1,3-dichloroproprene (fumigant) and aldicarb (granules). a total of 10,550 and 13,450 fungal isolates were collected from these two study sites, respectively. of this total, 34 genera of plant pathogenic or saprophytic species ... | 2004 | 15119856 |
| production and characterization of somatic hybrids between upland cotton (gossypium hirsutum) and wild cotton (g. klotzschianum anderss) via electrofusion. | symmetric somatic hybrid plants between gossypium hirsutum coker 201 and g. klotzschianum were obtained through electrofusion. the fusion products were cultured in km8p medium supplemented with 2.685 microm alpha-naphthaleneacetic acid and 0.465 microm kinetin, and the regenerated plants were morphologically, genetically, and cytologically characterized. nuclear-dna flow cytometric analysis revealed that the plants tested (31 of 40) had a relative dna content close to the total dna contents of t ... | 2004 | 15114473 |
| estimate of alabama argillacea (hübner) (lepidoptera: noctuidae) development with nonlinear models. | the objective of this work was to evaluate which nonlinear model [davidson (1942, 1944), stinner et al. (1974), sharpe & demichele (1977), and lactin et al. (1995)] best describes the relationship between developmental rates of the different instars and stages of alabama argillacea (hübner) (lepidoptera: noctuidae), and temperature. a. argillacea larvae were fed with cotton leaves (gossypium hirsutum l., race latifolium hutch., cultivar cnpa 7h) at constant temperatures of 20, 23, 25, 28, 30, 33 ... | 2003 | 15029370 |
| wide coverage of the tetraploid cotton genome using newly developed microsatellite markers. | microsatellite [simple-sequence repeat (ssr)] markers were developed and positioned on the genetic map of tetraploid cotton. three hundred and ninety-two unique microsatellite sequences, all but two containing a (ca/gt) repeat, were isolated, and the deduced primers were used to screen for polymorphism between the gossypium hirsutum and g. barbadense parents of the mapping population analyzed in our laboratory. the observed rate of polymorphism was 56%. the 204 polymorphic ssrs revealed 261 segr ... | 2004 | 14997301 |
| [genetic analysis of the duration of the vegetative period in cotton gossypium hirsutum l. with background of various nitrogen level in soil]. | using hayman's model of genetic analysis of the f1 hybrids from crosses between early- and late-ripening forms of cotton gossypium hirsutum l., we examined inheritance of the duration of vegetative period at various contents of nitrogen in soil. two variants of hybrid plants were studied. with the natural content of soil nitrogen, incomplete directionally dominance of earliness over late ripening with prevalence of additive gene effect of nonallelic interactions was observed. the genetic formula ... | 2003 | 14964832 |
| fly ash as a liming material for cotton. | a field experiment was conducted to determine the effect of fly ash from a coal combustion electric power facility on soil acidity in a cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) field. fresh fly ash was applied to a bosket fine sandy loam (fine-loamy, mixed, thermic mollic hapludalf) soil with an initial soil ph(salt) of 4.8. the fly ash was equivalent to 42 g kg(-1) calcium carbonate with 97% passing through a 60 mesh (u.s. standard) sieve. fly ash was applied one day before cotton planting in 1999 at 0, ... | 2013 | 14964389 |
| variation in surface chemical constituents of cotton (gossypium hirsutum) fiber as a function of maturity. | modern cotton yarn production technology has made it imperative that new predictors of yarn spinning efficiency be determined. surface frictional forces play a large role in spinning efficiency, yet little is known about the chemical constituents comprising the cotton fiber surface or their respective roles in inter-fiber frictional behavior. major cotton fiber surface chemical components including pectin, wax, soluble salts, and sugars were quantified, and their respective relationships to cott ... | 2003 | 14690385 |
| cotton defoliant runoff as a function of active ingredient and tillage. | cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) defoliant runoff was recently identified as an ecological risk. however, assessments are not supported by field studies. runoff potential of three defoliant active ingredients, dimethipin (2,3-dihydro-5,6-dimethyl-1,4-dithiin 1,1,4,4-tetraoxide), thidiazuron (n-phenyl-n-1,2,3-thidiazol-5-yl-urea), and tribufos (s,s,s-tributyl phosphorotrithioate) was investigated by rainfall simulation on strip (st) and conventionally tilled (ct) cotton in south central georgia. si ... | 2006 | 14674540 |
| cotton fiber germin-like protein. i. molecular cloning and gene expression. | the presence of cotton ( gossypium hirsutum l.) fiber transcripts coding for a germin-like protein (glp) was revealed by differential display analysis in which early stages of cotton fiber development between a wild type line, texas marker-1 (tm1) and a near isogenic mutant, naked seed (n1) were compared. transcripts of the cotton glp ( ghglp1) accumulated specifically in tm1, but did not accumulate in the mutant although the ghglp1 gene was present in both lines. the deduced protein sequence of ... | 2004 | 14648117 |
| cotton-fiber germin-like protein. ii: immunolocalization, purification, and functional analysis. | cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) contains a germin-like protein (glp), ghglp1, that shows tissue-specific accumulation in fiber. the fiber glp is an oligomeric, glycosylated protein with a subunit size of approximately 25.5 kda. accumulation of ghglp1 occurs during the period of fiber elongation [4-14 days post-anthesis (dpa)]. during early phases of fiber development (2-4 dpa), ghglp1 localizes to cytoplasmic vesicles as shown by confocal immunofluorescent microscopy. in slightly older fibers (7- ... | 2004 | 14634817 |
| volatiles released from cotton plants in response to helicoverpa zea feeding damage on cotton flower buds. | feeding of helicoverpa zea larvae on cotton ( gossypium hirsutum l.) flower buds (squares) for 24 or 48 h induced the release of a number of terpenes [( e)-beta-ocimene, linalool, ( e)-beta-farnesene, ( e, e)-alpha-farnesene, ( e)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene, ( e, e)-4,8,12-trimethyl-1,3,7,11-tridecatetraene], isomeric hexenyl butyrates, 2-methylbutyrates, indole and ( z)-3-hexenyl acetate. these compounds are not released in significant amounts from undamaged squares and freshly damaged squar ... | 2004 | 14625774 |
| the use of multiple alien chromosome addition aneuploids facilitates genetic linkage mapping of the gossypium g genome. | primary germplasm pools represent the most accessible source of new alleles for crop improvement, but not all effective alleles are available in the primary germplasm pool, and breeders must sometimes confront the difficulties of introgressing genes from the secondary and tertiary germplasm pools in cotton by using synthetic polyploids as introgression bridges. two parental gossypium nelsonii x gossypium australe aflp genetic linkage maps were used to identify g genome chromosome-specific molecu ... | 2003 | 14608394 |
| changes in oxidative stress enzymes during artificial ageing in cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) seeds. | the present study was carried out to elucidate the mechanism of seed deterioration in two cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) cultivars (hs6 and h1098). the seeds were artificially aged at 40 +/- 1 degree c and 100% relative humidity for 4 days. in both cultivars, germinability decreased, whereas membrane deterioration, as assayed by electrical conductivity of the seed leachates, increased progressively with artificial ageing. the decrease in germinability was well correlated with increased accumulat ... | 2003 | 14593811 |
| [evaluation of the effect of pollen irradiation on karyotype variability in m2 cotton plants]. | the karyotypes of biomorphologically abnormal cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) plants obtained in m2 after pollination with pollen irradiated at dose rates 10, 15, 20, and 25 gy were studied. various genomic and chromosomal mutations were detected in 57 m2 families. the primary monosomics isolated in m2 were found to be cytologically more stable and more viable, since they had higher meiotic indices, pollen fertility, and seed formation. in m2, a decrease in the number of plants with multiple kary ... | 2003 | 14515465 |
| field evaluation of a helicoverpa zea (lepidoptera: noctuidae) damage simulation model: effects of irrigation, h. zea density, and time of damage on cotton yield. | helicoverpa zea (boddie) is an important pest of cotton, gossypium hirsutum l., for which many economic injury and population models have been developed to predict the impact of injury by this species on cotton yield. a number of these models were developed using results from simulated damage experiments, despite the fact that no studies have demonstrated that simulated damage is comparable to real h. zea damage. our main objective in this study was to compare the effect on yield of h. zea larva ... | 2003 | 14503589 |
| transgenic overproduction of glutathione reductase does not protect cotton, gossypium hirsutum (malvaceae), from photoinhibition during growth under chilling conditions. | in some studies, tissues from plants that have been genetically transformed to overproduce antioxidant enzymes sustain less damage when abruptly exposed to short-term chilling in the laboratory. however, few studies have examined the performance of transgenic plants during longer-term growth under chilling conditions. we compared growth of transgenic cotton that overproduces glutathione reductase (gr+; ∼40-fold overproduction) to growth of the wild type in a controlled environment chamber as lea ... | 2003 | 21659239 |
| [evaluation of the effect of pollen irradiation on karyotype variability in cotton plants]. | the effect of pollen irradiation at dose rates of 10, 15, 20, and 25 gy on variability in cotton plants gossypium hirsutum l. was studied. the modified plants showed a reduced fertility, mainly caused by chromosomal rearragements and genomic mutations during meiosis. the genomic mutations involved primary and tertiary monosomics, monotelodisomics, and a haploid plant. the decrease in meiotic index and pollen fertility in the cotton aneuploids was related not only to aberrations in chromosome pai ... | 2003 | 12942779 |
| recovery from terminal and fruit damage by dry season cotton crops in tropical australia. | we conducted a 2-yr field study on growth and yield compensation in cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) after artificial pest damage in kununurra in nw australia. the aim was to assess the responses of cotton grown in tropical australia to simulated helicoverpa damage early in the season (tip damage) and during fruiting (square removal). in this region, cotton is grown in an inverse temperature regimen to cotton grown in temperate regions, and it is possible that tropical cotton crops exhibit differe ... | 2003 | 12852610 |
| viewing the difference between the diploid and the polyploid in the light of the upland cotton aneuploid. | the aneuploidy of gossypium hirsutum l. (upland cotton) aneusomatics were obtained by induced parthenogenesis. these aneuploids could grow and set seeds normally. in the process of meiosis there appeared large quantities of heteromorphic pairs and multivalent chromosomes and many cases of cytomixis and multisperm fertilization occurred. the aneuploids produced offsprings through sexual propagation. we explored penetratingly the questions how and why these aneuploids could survive. through this r ... | 2003 | 12830987 |
| response of acala cotton to nitrogen rates in the san joaquin valley of california. | the responses of acala cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) in california to a range of applied nitrogen (n) treatments were investigated in a 5-year, multisite experiment. the experiment's goals were to identify crop growth and yield responses to applied n and provide information to better assess the utility of soil residual n estimates in improving fertilizer management. baseline fertilizer application rates for the lowest applied n treatments were based on residual soil nitrate-n (no3-n) levels det ... | 2001 | 12805823 |
| localization of sucrose synthase and callose in freeze-substituted secondary-wall-stage cotton fibers. | methods for cryogenic fixation, freeze substitution, and embedding were developed to preserve the cellular structure and protein localization of secondary-wall-stage cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) fibers accurately for the first time. perturbation by specimen handling was minimized by freezing fibers still attached to a seed fragment within 2 min after removal of seeds from a boll still attached to the plant. these methods revealed native ultrastructure, including numerous active golgi bodies, m ... | 2003 | 12802624 |
| high-frequency somatic embryo production and maturation into normal plants in cotton (gossypium hirsutum) through metabolic stress. | a highly efficient somatic embryo production and maturation procedure has been developed to regenerate plantlets from cotton ( gossypium hirsutum). this procedure involves the acceleration of differentiation through manipulations of nutrient and microenvironment conditions. embryogenic calli, initiated from hypocotyls or cotyledonary leaf sections on ms medium containing 0.1 mg/l 2,4 dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 0.5 mg/l kinetin, and 3% maltose produced globular-stage somatic embryos when transfe ... | 2003 | 12789412 |
| the crystal structure of annexin gh1 from gossypium hirsutum reveals an unusual s3 cluster. | the three-dimensional crystal structure of recombinant annexin gh1 from gossypium hirsutum (cotton fibre) has been determined and refined to the final r-factor of 0.219 at the resolution of 2.1 a. this plant annexin consists of the typical 'annexin fold' and is similar to the previously solved bell pepper annexin anx24(ca32), but significant differences are seen when compared to the structure of nonplant annexins. a comparison with the structure of the mammalian annexin anxa5 indicates that cano ... | 2003 | 12787021 |
| effects of ultraviolet-b radiation on cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) morphology and anatomy. | cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) crop, cultivated between 40 degrees n and 40 degrees s, is currently experiencing 2-11 kj m-2 d-1 of uv-b radiation. this is predicted to increase in the near future. an experiment was conducted to study the effect of enhanced uv-b radiation on vegetative and reproductive morphology and leaf anatomy of cotton in sunlit, controlled environment chambers. from emergence to harvest, cotton plants were exposed to 0, 8 or 16 kj m-2 d-1 of uv-b in a square wave approach f ... | 2003 | 12770842 |
| effect of urea fertilizer application on soluble protein and free amino acid content of cotton petioles in relation to silverleaf whitefly (bemisia argentifolii) populations. | the impact of urea nitrogen fertilization on silverleaf whitefly, bemisia argentifolii bellows & perring, population dynamics was examined in field-grown cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.). five urea nitrogen treatments were tested, consisting of soil applications of 0, 112, 168, and 224 kg nitrogen per hectare, and acombined soil-foliar application of 112:17 kg nitrogen per hectare. a positive response was observed between n application rates and the measured levels of nitrate n in petioles from ma ... | 2003 | 12757331 |
| the cotton kinesin-like calmodulin-binding protein associates with cortical microtubules in cotton fibers. | microtubules in interphase plant cells form a cortical array, which is critical for plant cell morphogenesis. genetic studies imply that the minus end-directed microtubule motor kinesin-like calmodulin-binding protein (kcbp) plays a role in trichome morphogenesis in arabidopsis. however, it was not clear whether this motor interacted with interphase microtubules. in cotton (gossypium hirsutum) fibers, cortical microtubules undergo dramatic reorganization during fiber development. in this study, ... | 2003 | 12746521 |