| mapping of t helper cell epitopes by using peptides spanning the 19-kda protein of mycobacterium tuberculosis. evidence for unique and shared epitopes in the stimulation of antibody and delayed-type hypersensitivity responses. | in vivo and in vitro t cell responses to overlapping 20-mer peptides that span the entire 19-kda protein of mycobacterium tuberculosis have been compared in three different strains of mice. immunization of the mice with peptides and analysis of specific antibody production is an in vivo assay of th cell activity. peptides 1-20 and 61-80 elicited strong igg1 responses in balb/cj, c57bl/10j, and b10.br mice, indicating that these peptides could stimulate th cells, possibly of a th2 phenotype. t ce ... | 1992 | 1372026 |
| studies of v beta 8 t cell receptor peptide treatment in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. | lewis rats immunized with t cell receptor (tcr) variable region peptide v beta 8 in complete freund's adjuvant (cfa) were protected against experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (eae) induced with myelin basic protein in cfa, although variable protection was also observed in rats injected with control peptide in cfa, or cfa alone. however, this adjuvant-mediated protection could be avoided by immunizing with tcr peptide in incomplete adjuvant (ifa). clinical, but not histologic eae was suppr ... | 1992 | 1372325 |
| depletion of alpha/beta t cells by a monoclonal antibody against the alpha/beta t cell receptor suppresses established adjuvant arthritis, but not established collagen-induced arthritis in rats. | the effects of treatment with a monoclonal antibody (r73 mab) against t cell receptor alpha/beta (tcr-alpha/beta) on both established adjuvant arthritis (eaa) and established collagen-induced arthritis (ecia) in rats have been investigated. rats were treated with r73 mab when arthritis reached a peak. treatment with the anti-tcr-alpha/beta mab markedly suppressed eaa, whereas ecia was not affected by the mab treatment. histologically, r73 mab-treated rats with eaa showed mild hyperplasia of syno ... | 1992 | 1372648 |
| detection of mycobacterial rrna in sarcoidosis with liquid-phase hybridisation. | because sarcoidosis resembles tuberculosis clinically and histologically, it has been suggested that mycobacteria might have a role in the pathogenesis of the disorder. mycobacteria have not been found in sarcoid tissues by conventional culture techniques, so we have used a liquid-phase hybridisation method to see whether we could detect mycobacterial rrna in such tissues. rna was extracted from five sarcoid and five normal spleens. extracts were assayed by liquid-phase dna/rna hybridisation wit ... | 1992 | 1373786 |
| ifn-gamma-producing ability as a possible marker for the protective t cells against mycobacterium bovis bcg in mice. | we searched for a functional marker with which t cells mediating acquired cellular resistance (acr) can be discriminated from those mediating delayed-type hypersensitivity (dth) in mice immunized with mycobacterium bovis bcg. four wk after injection of the mice with 10(5) viable bcg (vbcg) cells emulsified in ifa, a passive transfer experiment revealed that t cells mediating dth as well as acr, which we designated tacr, were generated in the spleen. in contrast, t cells mediating only dth (tdth) ... | 1992 | 1374103 |
| specificity of antibodies and tuberculin response after occupational exposure to tuberculosis. | specific antibody levels and delayed-type hypersensitivity skin responses to antigens of mycobacterium tuberculosis in 39 hospital staff who were heavily exposed to tuberculosis (tb) were compared with those in 36 factory employees from indonesia. antibody levels to the tb68 epitope of the 14-kda antigen were significantly greater, while titers to the tb23 (19-kda) and tb72 (38-kda) epitopes and lipoarabinomannan (lam) were lower in exposed than in nonexposed subjects (all p less than .02). the ... | 1992 | 1376756 |
| cytolytic t-cell activity against mycobacterial antigens in hiv. | the declining incidence of tuberculosis (tb) in developed countries has recently been reversed with the advent of hiv disease. this study proposes to document in vitro t-cell responses to mycobacterial antigens in hiv-infected individuals. | 1992 | 1377474 |
| monoclonal antibody epitopes of mycobacterial 65-kd heat-shock protein defined by epitope scanning. | the binding sites for moabs to the 65-kd heat-shock protein (hsp65) of mycobacteria have been investigated by epitope scanning. five hundred and twenty-six 8-mer peptides representing the complete sequence of mycobacterium tuberculosis hsp65 were synthesised in duplicate using the epitope scanning kit (crb ltd.). the epitopes of six moabs raised to the hsp65 of m. tuberculosis or m. leprae were investigated. we have identified the epitope of a new moab (dc16); this epitope is continuous, hydroph ... | 1992 | 1378362 |
| dendritic cells efficiently immunoselect mycobacterial-reactive t cells in human blood, including clonable antigen-reactive precursors. | given the persistence of tuberculosis throughout the world, the delineation of mechanisms that lead to protective immunity to mycobacterium tuberculosis is important. we have evaluated the presenting function of human dendritic cells for mycobacterial antigens, since these antigen-presenting cells (apc) are particularly effective in initiating antigen-specific t-cell responses. dendritic cells from blood prove to be active apc for mycobacteria-specific proliferative responses by cd4+ t cells fro ... | 1992 | 1378816 |
| the mycobacterium tuberculosis 38-kda antigen: overproduction in escherichia coli, purification and characterization. | the 38-kda protein (ag38) of the gram+ bacterium, mycobacterium tuberculosis h37rv, is an immunodominant antigen of potential utility for diagnosis and vaccine development. assessment of this potential requires large amounts of the purified protein that would be difficult, if not impossible, to obtain from m. tuberculosis itself. the gene coding for ag38 had been previously cloned and in the present study was expressed as an unfused protein in escherichia coli under the control of strong transcr ... | 1992 | 1379565 |
| localisation of linear epitopes at the carboxy-terminal end of the mycobacterial 71 kda heat shock protein. | four distinct linear epitopes localized within species-specific sequences at the carboxy-terminal end of the 71 kda heat shock protein of m. tuberculosis have been identified by scanning 94 overlapping peptides with 13 human sera. one epitope ("c") of entirely m. tuberculosis-specific core sequence (geagpg) has been found immunogenic in smear-negative tuberculosis, but not in non-tuberculous mycobacterial diseases. this peptide appears to be a valuable candidate for further serodiagnostic evalua ... | 1992 | 1379682 |
| [sepsis caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis in patients with aids]. | techniques for detecting mycobacteria in blood can be a good alternative for diagnosing tuberculosis in acquired-immunodeficiency syndrome patients (aids). | 1992 | 1379834 |
| selection and identification of antigenic determinant of mycobacterium tuberculosis h37ra strain. | a new procedure for the selection of the antigenic determinant of mycobacterium tuberculosis h37ra strain is described. the bacterium components destroyed by ultrasonic were isolated by 15% sds-page, transferred onto nitrocellulose membrane, immunostained with mcabs against h37ra. one mcab-positive fragment was obtained using the western blot analysis. the molecular weight of the antigenic determinant is 35,000 dalton. the antigenic determinant is of immunological reactivity with mcab and tb pat ... | 1992 | 1379902 |
| role of the mononuclear phagocyte as an antigen-presenting cell for human gamma delta t cells activated by live mycobacterium tuberculosis. | gamma delta t cells, both human and murine, have been found to be highly responsive to mycobacterial antigens. however, the role and function of gamma delta t cells in the immune response to mycobacterium tuberculosis remain largely unknown. in earlier studies, we demonstrated that monocytes infected with live m. tuberculosis were particularly effective inducers of human peripheral blood gamma delta t cells. the present studies were performed to further characterize the interaction between human ... | 1992 | 1379984 |
| characterization of b cell epitopes on the 16k antigen of mycobacterium tuberculosis. | to characterize the antigenic parts of the 16k protein of mycobacterium tuberculosis, overlapping peptides according to the amino acid sequence of the 16k protein were synthesized. in total, 14 peptides of 20 amino acids in length with an overlap of 10 amino acids and two additional decapeptides (amino acids 31-40 and 61-70) were tested with eight anti-16k moabs and human sera. the common recognition site of moabs f67-8 and f67-16 was lrptfdtrlm (amino acids 31-40) and of moabs f159-1 and f159-1 ... | 1992 | 1381300 |
| cross-sectional survey of hiv infection among patients with tuberculosis in nairobi, kenya. | evidence from many countries suggests an association of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection and tuberculosis of major public health significance. in order to begin assessing the impact of hiv on tuberculosis in kenya, we have determined the hiv-1 seroprevalence among tuberculosis patients and compared the clinical characteristics of tuberculosis in hiv-positive and hiv-negative patients in two cross-sectional studies at the infectious disease hospital (idh) and the ngaira avenue chest c ... | 1992 | 1381970 |
| the nucleotide sequence of the promoter, 16s rrna and spacer region of the ribosomal rna operon of mycobacterium tuberculosis and comparison with mycobacterium leprae precursor rrna. | mycobacterium tuberculosis h37rv has a single rrn (ribosomal rna) operon. the operon was cloned and a region of 1536 nucleotides was sequenced, starting 621 bp upstream from the 5'-end of the 16s rrna coding region and continuing to the start of the 23s rrna coding region. the 16s rrna sequence inferred from the gene sequence was found to differ in one position from mycobacterium bovis (nucleotide 1443) and from mycobacterium microti (nucleotide 427). a single putative promoter was identified on ... | 1992 | 1382114 |
| purification of mpb70 and production of specific monoclonal antibodies. | mpb70 is a protein secreted into the culture filtrate of mycobacterium bovis bcg (substrain tokyo 172), which is able to induce a delayed-type hypersensitivity (dth) skin reaction in guinea pigs immunized with bcg-tokyo. by high-pressure chromatofocusing and size-exclusion high performance liquid chromatography, a further purified mpb70 protein was obtained, which was visualized as a single band with a molecular mass of 22 kda by sodium dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. a series ... | 1992 | 1383126 |
| functional analysis of dr17(dr3)-restricted mycobacterial t cell epitopes reveals dr17-binding motif and enables the design of allele-specific competitor peptides. | we have previously shown that p3-13 (ktiay-deearr) of the 65-kda heat shock protein (hsp65) of mycobacterium tuberculosis and mycobacterium leprae is selected as an important t cell epitope in hla-dr17+ individuals, by selectively binding to (a pocket in) dr17 molecules, the major subset of the dr3 specificity. we have now further studied the interaction between p3-13, hla-dr17 and four different tcr (v beta 5.1, v beta 1, and v beta 4) by using t cell stimulation assays, direct peptide-dr bindi ... | 1992 | 1383331 |
| the detection of mycobacterium tuberculosis in uncultured clinical specimens using the polymerase chain reaction and a non-radioactive dna probe. | a sal i-hin diii restriction fragment from mycobacterium tuberculosis was found to hybridize specifically with genomic dna from m. tuberculosis. primers were designed from the sequence of this fragment and used to amplify uniquely m. tuberculosis-group dna in a polymerase chain reaction. it is suggested that a combination of these primers and an acetylaminofluorene-labelled probe will prove to be a useful tool for the early diagnosis of tuberculous infections. | 1992 | 1383698 |
| characterisation of passively transferred antigen arthritis induced by methylated bovine serum albumin in the rat: effect of fk 506 on arthritis development. | the conditions necessary for the passive transfer of antigen arthritis induced by methylated bovine serum albumin (mbsa) in the rat have been studied. spleen cells from immunised rats were not capable of transferring disease unless they were first activated in culture with mbsa or concanavalin a. cells from sham-immunised animals could not be activated to transfer the arthritis. the immunosuppressant drug fk 506 could inhibit the development of the arthritis when present during the activation pe ... | 1992 | 1384284 |
| similarity between mycobacterial and human epidermal antigens. | eight out of 17 mouse anti-mycobacterium leprae monoclonal antibodies (mab) were previously observed to react with human nerve and skin antigenic determinants in cryostat sections, using an indirect immunoperoxidase technique. these observations suggested that antigenic mimicry may be involved in the development of the clinical manifestations of leprosy. in the present study we have extended our earlier findings by investigating sera from leprosy patients and mab using western blot technique. it ... | 1992 | 1384646 |
| mycobacterial 65,000 mw heat-shock protein shares a carboxy-terminal epitope with human epidermal cytokeratin 1/2. | molecular mimicry between mycobacterial heat-shock protein (hsp) 65 and host tissue antigens have been implicated in the autoimmune pathogenesis of certain idiopathic diseases. here, we demonstrated that two of our previously characterized monoclonal antibodies (mab), ne5 and nd4 that were directed to a carboxy-terminal epitope on the mycobacterial hsp 65, specifically cross-reacted with suprabasal cytokeratin of the normal human skin. these mab also showed similar keratin staining of hair folli ... | 1992 | 1385316 |
| increased proportions of peripheral blood gamma delta t cells in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. | there is a small population of peripheral t cells bearing the gamma delta t-cell receptor, which may be involved in the defense against invading microorganisms and tumor cells. the present study was designed to evaluate the levels of gamma delta t cells in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, bacterial pneumonia, chronic lower respiratory tract infection, lung cancer, and normal control subjects with or without old tuberculous lesion. the results showed that only patients with tuberculosis had ... | 1992 | 1385570 |
| induction of gamma/delta t cells in murine salmonellosis by an avirulent but not by a virulent strain of salmonella choleraesuis. | to elucidate the relationship between the virulence of intracellular bacterium and its ability to induce gamma/delta t cells in the host during infection, we examined the differences in appearance of gamma/delta t cells in mice infected with salmonella choleraesuis virulent strain rf-1 carrying a virulence plasmid of 50 kb, and with avirulent strain 31n-1 cured of the 50-kb plasmid. the number of gamma/delta t cells in the peritoneal cavity was increased to a significant level on day 3 after an ... | 1992 | 1386870 |
| immunological findings in african patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and hiv-2 infection. | | 1992 | 1388898 |
| structural elucidation of a novel family of acyltrehaloses from mycobacterium tuberculosis. | analysis of the lipids of mycobacterium tuberculosis h37rv, by both normal- and reverse-phase thin-layer chromatography, revealed a series of novel glycolipids based on 2,3-di-o-acyltrehalose. the structures of these acylated trehaloses were elucidated by a combination of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, 1h, 13c, two-dimensional 1h-1h, and 1h-13c nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry. the fatty acyl substituents were mainly of three types: saturated straight-chain c16-c19 acids; c21-c25 " ... | 1992 | 1390757 |
| [tuberculosis update. a critical view of the new diagnostic techniques]. | | 1992 | 1390992 |
| [serodiagnosis in pulmonary tuberculosis. clinical evaluation]. | the iga, igg, igm and igg subsets antibodies levels were determined in 200 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and compared to three control groups: 80 healthy individuals (50 with negative ppd skin test, 30 with positive ppd skin test), 30 leprosy patients and 20 patients with different pulmonary diseases. the technique used was an enzyme linked assay. as antigens, purified tuberculin and ag60 from m. bovis were used. there were not statistically significant differences between antibody levels ... | 1992 | 1390995 |
| [dna amplification using pcr in the diagnosis of tuberculosis]. | to evaluate the dna amplification technique of m. tuberculosis with pcr in clinical samples. | 1992 | 1390997 |
| evidence of transmission of tuberculosis by dna fingerprinting. | to determine whether a subject who had died of tuberculous meningitis had been infected by a neighbour. | 1992 | 1392824 |
| [studies on whole chromosomal dna probes from mycobacterium tuberculosis and mycobacterium intracellulare]. | the whole chromosomal dna probes prepared from m. tuberculosis and m. intracellulare were used to hybridize in dna dot blot and bacterial dot blot hybridization with 9 reference strains of mycobacteria, including m. tuberculosis, m. bovis, m. avium, m. intracellulare, m kansasii, etc. these two probes showed good sensitivity and specificity for m. tuberculosis complex and m. avium complex respectively. using the colony hybridization in situ, we can detect and identify m. tuberculosis with the pr ... | 1992 | 1394583 |
| [the diagnosis of smear negative pulmonary tuberculosis in superior segment of lower lobe]. | 20 cases of tuberculosis in the superior segment of the lower lobe of the lung were misdiagnosed as lung cancer, pneumonia, bronchiectasis and inflammatory pseudoneoplasm were reported. the final diagnosis were confirmed by fiberoptic bronchoscopy (fob). the causes of the misdiagnoses were: (1) the hilar mass shadow found on the pa chest film, mistaken for central type lung cancer; (2) the mass shadow found on the lateral chest film, mistaken for peripheral lung cancer; (3) the patients with fev ... | 1992 | 1394585 |
| [application of enzyme linked immuno-electrophoresis for the diagnosis of tuberculosis]. | the technique of enzyme linked immuno-electrophoresis (eliep) was established to detect the specific antibody against tubercle bacilli. the results of 730 cases showed that the sensitivity of this method is 97.33%, and the specificity, 97.5%. thus this method is more sensitive than the elisa methods which had bean published. the manipulation of eliep is simple, convenient, and fast, reagent stable. this method may be used in diagnosis of tuberculosis with reliability and efficiency. | 1992 | 1394593 |
| yield of bronchoscopy for the diagnosis of tuberculosis in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. | the efficacy of bronchoscopy for the diagnosis of tuberculosis in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) has not been systematically evaluated. we therefore compared the diagnostic yield of bronchoscopy in 67 hiv-infected and 45 non-hiv-infected patients with culture-proven pulmonary tuberculosis. in all cases, acid-fast smears of sputum were negative or not obtained prior to bronchoscopy. prebronchoscopic sputum culture yielded mycobacterium tuberculosis in 34 (89 percent) of ... | 1992 | 1395740 |
| endobronchial tuberculosis. clinical and bronchoscopic features in 121 cases. | the clinical and bronchoscopic features of endobronchial tuberculosis in 121 patients were retrospectively investigated. the peak incidence occurred in the second decades, with 3.8 times higher incidence noted in female than in male subjects. a barking cough with sputum was the most common chief complaint in 61.1 percent. parenchymal infiltration and/or consolidation was the most common roentgenographic finding of the chest in 58.6 percent. hypertrophy with luminal narrowing was the most common ... | 1992 | 1395814 |
| diagnosis of tuberculosis of bone and soft tissue by fine-needle aspiration biopsy. | fine-needle aspiration biopsy is a well-established procedure in the detection of various neoplastic processes. however, there are only limited reports on the efficacy of this technique in nonneoplastic conditions. in this study, fine-needle aspiration cytology findings of bone and soft tissue lesions in 11 patients with tuberculosis are reported. spine, scapula, chest wall, flank areas, tibia, ring, and index fingers were the sites of fine-needle aspiration biopsies. the age of the patients ran ... | 1992 | 1396023 |
| t cell repertoire in tuberculosis: selective anergy to an immunodominant epitope of the 38-kda antigen in patients with active disease. | it is generally accepted that both host protection and pathogenic reactions in tuberculosis are mediated by t lymphocytes. however, little is known about the structures and discreet functions of epitopes stimulating the immune response. in this study, proliferative responses of blood t lymphocytes to synthetic peptides derived from the sequence of the 38-kda antigen from mycobacterium tuberculosis have been investigated in 41 healthy individuals and in 36 patients with active tuberculosis. of th ... | 1992 | 1396968 |
| endoscopic diagnosis of segmental colonic tuberculosis. | we report colonoscopic findings in 29 proven cases of segmental colonic tuberculosis. the colonoscopic appearances of tuberculosis included: mucosal nodules and ulcers, stricture with nodules and ulcerations, and mucosal nodules with or without pseudopolypoid folds. in 12 (41%) of 29 patients colonoscopy biopsies enabled a histologic diagnosis to be made on the basis of typical granulomas. culture of biopsy tissue on lowenstein jensen media isolated mycobacterium tuberculosis in six (40%) of 15 ... | 1992 | 1397913 |
| mycobacterium leprae produces extracellular homologs of the antigen 85 complex. | the antigen 85 complex is a set of at least three closely related secreted proteins (85a, 85b, and 85c) of 30 to 32 kda produced by mycobacterium tuberculosis and other mycobacteria. their prominence in mycobacterium leprae, the one obligate intracellular pathogen of the genus, had been assumed on the basis of immunological evidence and proof of the existence of the gene encoding the 85b protein of the complex. we have now observed the production of this family of proteins by m. leprae through a ... | 1992 | 1398959 |
| growth characteristics of recent sputum isolates of mycobacterium tuberculosis in guinea pigs infected by the respiratory route. | the consideration of virulence must distinguish between infectivity and the ability to cause progressive disease once the infection is established. several investigators have reported the presence of naturally occurring isolates which differ in virulence for guinea pigs. isolates from south india which differed with respect to gross disease and number of bacilli recovered from spleen after an intramuscular infection also differed in their efficiencies to initiate an infection, once inhaled and r ... | 1992 | 1398986 |
| immunization with extracellular proteins of mycobacterium tuberculosis induces cell-mediated immune responses and substantial protective immunity in a guinea pig model of pulmonary tuberculosis. | we have studied the capacity of a selected fraction of mycobacterium tuberculosis extracellular proteins (ep) released into broth culture by mid-logarithmic-growth-phase organisms to induce cell-mediated immune responses and protective immunity in a guinea pig model of pulmonary tuberculosis. guinea pigs infected with m. tuberculosis by aerosol but not uninfected control guinea pigs exhibit strong cell-mediated immune responses to ep, manifest by dose-dependent cutaneous delayed-type hypersensit ... | 1992 | 1398989 |
| detection of mycobacterium tuberculosis in clinical samples by using polymerase chain reaction and a nonradioactive detection system. | a test based on the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was developed for the detection of the mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in clinical samples. in this test, a 245-bp sequence of the insertion element is986 was amplified and detected by agarose gel electrophoresis in the presence of ethidium bromide and by southern blot and dot blot hybridization by using a 188-bp digoxigenin-labeled probe. we tested clinical specimens from 227 patients suspected of having tuberculosis. these included 102 cer ... | 1992 | 1400955 |
| polymerase chain reaction for detection of leptospira spp. in clinical samples. | a sensitive assay for leptospira spp., the causative agent of leptospirosis, was developed on the basis of the polymerase chain reaction (pcr). a 331-bp sequence from the leptospira interrogans serovar canicola rrs (16s) gene was amplified, and the pcr products were analyzed by dna-dna hybridization by using a 289-bp fragment internal to the amplified dna. specific pcr products also were obtained with dna from the closely related nonpathogenic leptospira biflexa but not with dna from other spiro ... | 1992 | 1400983 |
| detection of lipoarabinomannan as a diagnostic test for tuberculosis. | a coagglutination technique was established for the detection of lipoarabinomannan of mycobacterium tuberculosis in human serum samples and evaluated for its utility in the diagnosis of tuberculosis at the instituto nacional de enfermedades respiratorias in mexico city. the test had a sensitivity of 88% in patients with sputum-smear-positive active pulmonary tuberculosis. the sensitivity in patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis negative for acid-fast bacilli in sputum was 67%. less favorab ... | 1992 | 1401008 |
| identification of mycobacterium tuberculosis and mycobacterium avium-m. intracellulare directly from primary bactec cultures by using acridinium-ester-labeled dna probes. | identification of members of the mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and the m. avium-m. intracellulare complex (mac) directly from primary bactec cultures was evaluated by using acridinium-ester-labeled dna probes (accuprobe; genprobe, inc., san diego, calif.). in preliminary experiments, blood present in samples was found to interfere with the assay because of nonspecific chemiluminescence, which was measured in relative light units (rlus). there was a direct relationship between the age of the ... | 1992 | 1401010 |
| evaluation of nonradioactive dna probes for identification of mycobacteria. | commercial chemiluminescent dna probes (accuprobe; gen-probe, san diego, calif.) for the identification of mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) complex, m. avium complex (mac), m. gordonae, and m. kansasii were evaluated with 134 clinical isolates. these included 36 mtb complex, 40 mac, 27 m. gordonae, 9 m. kansasii, and 22 mycobacterium spp. the specificity was 100% for the four probes. the sensitivity was 100% for the mtb complex and m. gordonae probes and 95.2% for the mac probe. five of the nine ... | 1992 | 1401020 |
| mycobacterium tuberculosis: a continuing cause of sudden and unexpected death in west london. | to describe the pathological and background features of several cases of tuberculosis diagnosed at post mortem examinations and performed on behalf of hm coroner over a three year period in west london. | 1992 | 1401185 |
| identification of il-8 as a locomotor attractant for activated human lymphocytes in mononuclear cell cultures with anti-cd3 or purified protein derivative of mycobacterium tuberculosis. | on culture of human blood mononuclear cells for 24 to 48 h with anti-cd3 (acd3) or purified protein derivative of mycobacterium tuberculosis, chemoattractants are released into the medium which induce polarization and locomotion of activated (g1) lymphocytes but not resting lymphocytes. here we show that, during a period of up to 72 h of culture, il-8 is released in nanomolar quantities into the supernatant and that the lymphocyte chemoattractant activity of these supernatants is inhibited by in ... | 1992 | 1401908 |
| il-4 and ifn (alpha and gamma) exert opposite regulatory effects on the development of cytolytic potential by th1 or th2 human t cell clones. | the cytolytic potential of a total number of 118 cd4+ human t cell clones specific for purified protein derivative (ppd) from mycobacterium tuberculosis, tetanus toxoid, lolium perenne group i allergen (lol p i), poa pratensis group ix allergen (poa p ix), or toxocara canis excretory/secretory antigen(s) (tes) was assessed by both a lectin (pha)-dependent and a mhc-restricted lytic assay and compared with their profile of cytokine secretion. the majority of clones with th1 or th0 cytokine profil ... | 1992 | 1401925 |
| evaluation of polymerase chain reaction, tuberculostearic acid analysis, and direct microscopy for the detection of mycobacterium tuberculosis in sputum. | tuberculosis remains a major global cause of morbidity and mortality. there is an urgent need for improved bacteriologic diagnosis of mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. three methods for rapid identification of m. tuberculosis in sputum samples (direct microscopy, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry [gc-ms], and polymerase chain reaction [pcr]), were compared with culture on lowenstein-jensen medium. growth of m. tuberculosis was observed in 38 of 145 sputum samples. detection of acid-fast b ... | 1992 | 1402031 |
| [identification of mycobacteria by the acridinium-ester labeled dna probes for m. tuberculosis and m. avium-intracellulare complex in culture and its clinical application]. | the detectability of mycobacterium in culture by non-isotopic, chemiluminescent dna probes for mycobacterium tuberculosis (m. tuberculosis) and m. avium-intracellulare complex (mac) was evaluated and compared with that by 125i-labeled dna probe for the same mycobacteria. the sensitivity and specificity of the ae-dna probes for mac were 97.2% and 100%, respectively, for the conventional method and were both 100% for the 125i-labeled dna probes. the detection limits of the ae-dna probes tests for ... | 1992 | 1402066 |
| [evaluation of the alkaline-phosphatase labeled dna probes for mycobacterium tuberculosis and mycobacterium avium complex]. | non-radioisotopic, alkaline phosphatase-labeled dna (ap-dna) probe tests for the identification of mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (mtb) and mycobacterium avium complex (mac) were evaluated. the overall agreement, sensitivity and specificity of the ap-dna probes for mtb and mac were 100% respectively compared with the conventional biochemical method. because the procedure is rapid (it can be completed approximately 120 min), safe (it does not use radioisotopes) and convenient (it does not nee ... | 1992 | 1402115 |
| acid ph-induced changes in the immunoreactivity of specific antigen and antibody in circulating immune complexes from tuberculosis sera. | the effect of acid ph treatment of circulating immune complexes (cic) derived from tuberculosis sera was studied on the relative titers of specific antibody (cic ab) and mycobacterial antigen (cic ag) in the complexes. while the specific antibody titers increased, the titers of cic ag declined as a result of acid ph treatment of cic, both changes being highly significant statistically. direct exposure of tb sera to ph 2.8 also resulted in significant enhancements in the titers of antibodies dire ... | 1992 | 1403339 |
| appraisal of the total blood lymphocyte proliferation assay as a diagnostic tool in screening for tuberculosis. | the total blood lymphocyte proliferation assay (tlp) was evaluated as a screening test for infection with mycobacterium tuberculosis and was compared with the tuberculin (mantoux) skin test. the results of tlp assays performed on 33 patients with tuberculosis and 37 non-tuberculous subjects were compared with results of skin tests performed in the previous year. there was a high correlation between skin test responses and tlp responses to ppd which was statistically significant. the sensitivity, ... | 1992 | 1404328 |
| a simple and rapid method for the detection and identification of mycobacteria using mycobactin. | a system was developed for the identification of mycobacteria such as mycobacterium tuberculosis and m. avium, by thin layer chromatography of 55fe-labelled mycobactin. approximately 2 x 10(3) mycobacteria were detected within 24 h and little operator time or skill was required. m. avium, m. intracellulare and m. scrofulaceum were found to have lower requirements for iron than other mycobacteria and this may influence their growth in host organisms. | 1992 | 1404329 |
| [rapid identification of mycobacteria by hybridization protection assay (hpa, accuprobe)]. | | 1992 | 1404915 |
| [rapid diagnosis of tuberculous lymphadenitis by amplification of mycobacterial dna]. | in patients with cervical lymph node swelling, prompt differential diagnosis of tuberculosis leads to an appropriate treatment. a method based on dna amplification and hybridization for the rapid detection of mycobacterium tuberculosis was used for demonstrating its specific dna in cervical lymph nodes biopsied from seven patients. the dna specific for mycobacterium tuberculosis was detected in 5 patients. four of them were histologically diagnosed as tuberculous lymphadenitis. in another case w ... | 1992 | 1404965 |
| [a case of inflammatory bronchial polyp associated with pulmonary and bronchial tuberculosis]. | a 67-year-old man was admitted to our hospital because of cough and sputum. chest x-ray revealed cavity and consolidation in the right upper lobe. microscopical examination of stained specimens of sputum disclosed acid-fast bacilli (mycobacterium tuberculosis). cough and sputum resolved and cultures of sputum did not yield m. tuberculosis a month after administration of antituberculosis agents. however, a mass shadow in the right upper lobe was found 3 months later. bronchofiberscopy revealed a ... | 1992 | 1405184 |
| difficulties in the diagnosis and treatment of drug-resistant tuberculosis and tuberculous empyema. | | 1992 | 1405623 |
| bacteriostatic and bactericidal activity of antituberculosis drugs against mycobacterium tuberculosis, mycobacterium avium-mycobacterium intracellulare complex and mycobacterium kansasii in different growth phases. | bacteriostatic and bactericidal activities of rifampicin, isoniazid, streptomycin, enviomycin and ethambutol against mycobacterium tuberculosis, mycobacterium avium--m. intracellulare complex and mycobacterium kansasii were studied in different growth phases. bacteriostatic activities of the drugs were similar in different growth phases, except isoniazid. m. tuberculosis was much less susceptible to isoniazid in the lag phase than in the log and the stationary phases. in contrast, bactericidal a ... | 1992 | 1406364 |
| rapid pulmonary cavitation due to mycobacterium tuberculosis and infection with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv 1) | | 1992 | 1409205 |
| [estimation of the degree of risk of reactivation of residual tuberculous changes based on the status of mycobacterial population]. | the study was undertaken to define the role of l-forms of m. tuberculosis having different qualitative and ++quantitative characteristics in the development of recurrences of a tuberculosis process in subjects with residual tuberculous changes in the lungs. the microbiological and ++clinico-roentgenological+ examination included 2412 subjects who were in viia and viib dispensary groups. these subjects were found to have a considerable reservoir of tuberculosis infection: the causative agent of t ... | 1992 | 1409517 |
| gastrointestinal tract in the immunocompromised host: opportunistic infections and other complications. | in the decade since the early 1980s, the increasing use of immunosuppressive therapy for cancer and autoimmune disease, as well as for organ transplantation, has combined with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome epidemic to increase greatly the incidence of opportunistic infections and other complications of the gastrointestinal tract. consequently, barium fluoroscopic and cross-sectional imaging studies tailored to address these problems are no longer uncommon. although overlap exists, there ... | 1992 | 1410332 |
| evaluation of synthetic pseudo cord-factor-like glycolipids for the serodiagnosis of tuberculosis. | a number of glycolipids were evaluated in an elisa test for their serodiagnostic usefulness in tuberculosis. one hundred and twelve (112) sera belonging to bacteriologically confirmed tb patients, patients with pathologies other than tuberculosis and healthy individuals were examined against several synthetic "mirror" pseudo cord factors (analogues of trehalose-6,6'-dimycolate or tdm) using natural cord factor and another recently described natural glycolipid (sl-iv) of mycobacterium tuberculosi ... | 1992 | 1410797 |
| identification of sulpholipid i by thin-layer chromatography in the rapid identification of mycobacterium tuberculosis. | a simple, rapid and reliable thin-layer chromatography method for the detection of the 2,3,6,6'-tetraacyl trehalose-2'-sulphate (sulpholipid i) from mycobacterium tuberculosis was described. the method was found to be satisfactory as an aid in the rapid identification of m. tuberculosis in clinical laboratories. | 1992 | 1410798 |
| paradise lost? microbes mount a comeback as drug resistance spreads. | | 1992 | 1411461 |
| aids q&a. | | 1992 | 1412069 |
| tuberculosis: the return of a monster. | | 1992 | 1412624 |
| heat shock proteins as targets for gamma-delta t cells in multiple sclerosis. | | 1992 | 1416814 |
| bioavailability of rifampin in experimental murine tuberculosis. | | 1992 | 1416902 |
| antibodies to mycobacterial 65 kda heat shock protein in systemic sclerosis (scleroderma). | it has been reported that immunity to the 65 kda heat shock protein of mycobacterium tuberculosis (mt-hsp65) not only accompanies rheumatoid arthritis (ra), but may also be characteristic of chronic inflammation. we now report serum antibodies to mt-hsp65 in 47% of systemic sclerosis (ssc), 38% of primary raynaud's phenomenon (prp) and 5% of systemic lupus erythematosus (sle). antibody levels were higher in patients with active or progressive ssc and correlated with the degree of skin fibrosis. ... | 1992 | 1418288 |
| comparison of mycobacterial lymphadenitis among persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus and seronegative controls. | lymphadenitis is a common extrapulmonary manifestation of mycobacterial disease in persons with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection. we compared the clinical, mycobacterial, and diagnostic characteristics of mycobacterial adenitis in 11 hiv-seropositive and 29 hiv-seronegative patients. ninety-three percent of the hiv-seronegative patients and 54% of the hiv-seropositive patients were foreign-born. in contrast to the hiv-seronegative patients, seropositive patients were more likely to b ... | 1992 | 1420673 |
| tuberculosis of the breast as a presenting manifestation of aids. | tuberculous infections of the breast are considered rare in the developed world. we describe a case of mammary tuberculosis in a woman who was not initially known to be seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and who was thought to have a pyogenic breast abscess. this uncommon presentation of extrapulmonary tuberculosis as an aids-defining condition highlights the necessity for performing mycobacterial smears and cultures in such cases when patients are at risk for hiv infection. | 1992 | 1420682 |
| in vitro activity of meropenem and imipenem against mycobacteria: development of a daily antibiotic dosing schedule. | the activity of two carbapenem antibiotics, meropenem and imipenem, against mycobacterium species was assessed by means of the bactec 460 radiometric apparatus. this system allowed a result to be read in 4-10 days. the instability of imipenem, particularly, in the test system necessitated the development of a regimen of daily addition of antibiotic to permit a more accurate assessment of antibiotic activity to be made. when antibiotic-containing media are incubated for long periods, as is the ca ... | 1992 | 1421344 |
| the humoral immune response after bcg vaccination: an immunoblotting study using two purified antigens. | the specific igg response induced by bcg vaccination was investigated in 27 adults using two purified bcg antigens in a dot immunoblotting assay. the reflectance values increased significantly after vaccination when p64 but not when p32 was used as the antigen. the values measured after vaccination were compared with those obtained when testing sera from patients with tuberculosis. we observed that the level of anti-p64 igg reached after bcg immunization was high enough to preclude a serological ... | 1992 | 1421345 |
| early diagnosis of tuberculosis by fibreoptic bronchoscopy. | we carried out a retrospective study of the methods used to achieve an early diagnosis of 67 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis treated at our institute between 1984 and 1989. sputum bacteriology was positive in 56 of the 67 patients, 22 were positive on microscopical examination of smears and on culture and 34 on culture alone. the 11 patients with negative sputum bacteriology were all diagnosed by fibreoptic bronchoscopy. in addition, 21 of the 34 smear-negative/culture-positive patients wer ... | 1992 | 1421350 |
| the medical treatment of a tuberculous tracheo-oesophageal fistula. | tracheo-oesophageal (te) fistulas caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis are rare and usually require both surgical treatment and medical treatment with antituberculosis drugs. a patient with a tuberculous te fistula and mediastinal lymphadenitis was successfully treated by medical management alone. | 1992 | 1421353 |
| drug resistant tuberculosis. | | 1992 | 1422378 |
| protein splicing in the maturation of m. tuberculosis reca protein: a mechanism for tolerating a novel class of intervening sequence. | the m. tuberculosis reca locus comprises an 85 kd open reading frame but produced 38 kd reca and 47 kd products in e. coli. no rna processing was detected; rather, an 85 kd precursor protein was spliced, releasing a 47 kd spacer protein, and joining its terminal fragments to form mature reca protein. "spacer" protein was also produced in m. tuberculosis and from a hybrid spacer-lacz alpha fusion molecule. mutagenesis at codon wobble positions at one splice junction showed that protein rather tha ... | 1992 | 1423588 |
| cellular immunity in tuberculous pleural effusions: evidence of spontaneous lymphocyte proliferation and antigen-specific accelerated responses to purified protein derivative (ppd). | the kinetics of in vitro cellular proliferation against a ppd of mycobacterium tuberculosis or streptococcal antigen (streptokinase-streptodornase) was evaluated in pleural fluid and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) from patients with tuberculous and non-tuberculous pleuritis. the peak proliferative response to ppd by mononuclear cells from pleural fluid occurred earlier (day 3) in 65% of patients with tuberculosis, a finding not seen in non-tuberculous effusions. spontaneous lymphocyte ... | 1992 | 1424276 |
| antitubercular activity of trifluoperazine, a calmodulin antagonist. | trifluoperazine, a calmodulin antagonist, completely inhibited the growth of mycobacteria. the minimum inhibitory concentrations in shake cultures in a synthetic medium containing 0.2% tween 80 were 5 and 8 micrograms/ml, respectively, for the human pathogenic strain mycobacterium tuberculosis h37rv and m. tuberculosis resistant to isoniazid. when added to a growing culture of m. tuberculosis h37rv on the 10th day (mid exponential phase), trifluoperazine 50 micrograms/ml further arrested growth ... | 1992 | 1427006 |
| bronchial challenge with purified protein derivative of mycobacterium tuberculosis in asthma. | response to bronchial challenge (bc) with purified protein derivative of mycobacterium tuberculosis (ppd), was studied in children with bronchial asthma and correlated with mantoux test and serum immunoglobulin e (ige) against ppd (ppd-sp ige). nearly 59% patients with bronchial asthma and 12.2% patients with pulmonary tuberculosis gave positive bc. children with extra-pulmonary tuberculosis and normal children did not show positive bc. in asthma, 25% gave early (ear), 50% gave late (lar) and 25 ... | 1992 | 1428135 |
| mixed bronchial infection due to mycobacterium tuberculosis and mycobacterium avium-intracellulare in an aids patient. | | 1992 | 1428188 |
| observations on the cultivation of m. leprae and m. tuberculosis in medium 'v' and 'v 1'. | skin scrapings from five different active sites were collected from 14 leprosy patients and inoculated into medium v. skin scrapings from three leprosy patients were inoculated into medium v 1. all the cultures were incubated at 8-10 degrees c. m. tuberculosis h37rv, pretreatment isolates and streptomycin resistant strains were inoculated into medium v, with and without antibiotics, and incubated at 8-10 degrees c as well as 37 degrees c. smears were made from the m. leprae and m. tuberculosis c ... | 1992 | 1431323 |
| [a case of miliary tuberculosis presenting as fever and jaundice with hepatic failure looking like the course of fulminant hepatitis]. | a 79-year-old male was admitted to the metropolitan hiroo hospital with chief complaints of icterus and fever. a few weeks prior to admission, he developed fever and swelling of right side of the neck and was seen at a local hospital where an anti-inflammatory agent was prescribed. the fever subsided in a few days, but recurred together with development of icterus a few weeks later, precipitating this hospitalization. after admission, hepatic failure progressed rapidly, indicating a fulminant he ... | 1992 | 1431390 |
| bacteriological survey of tuberculous lymphadenitis in southeast england, 1981-1989. | the aim was to detect any changing trends in the nature and incidence of tuberculous lymphadenitis in southeast england and to determine whether there is any evidence for an increase in this disease that could be related to hiv infection. | 1992 | 1431701 |
| tuberculous arthritis in the course of connective tissue disease: report of 4 cases. | we describe 4 female patients with diverse connective tissue diseases who developed tuberculous arthritis concurrently with their underlying disease, in the absence of lung involvement. throughout, diagnosis was delayed but later confirmed by detection of mycobacterium tuberculosis in synovial membrane culture. two patients died of unrelated causes, while the other 2 recovered with chronic joint sequelae. despite the rarity of this association, m. tuberculosis infection should be considered in t ... | 1992 | 1433010 |
| a biphasic system for primary isolation of mycobacteria compared to solid medium and broth culture. | a biphasic culture system, the mb check, was compared with conventional culture on löwenstein-jensen egg (lj) solid medium and with bactec broth culture for primary isolation of mycobacteria from clinical samples. a total of 104 mycobacterial isolates was detected from 985 samples examined by the three methods. the most sensitive primary isolation was with lj culture and mb check; these methods detected 93% and 87% of all positive cultures, respectively. mb check allowed a somewhat more rapid de ... | 1992 | 1433255 |
| surgeons say cutting out some tb and mott may be the answer in multidrug-resistant infections. | | 1992 | 1433749 |
| [diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis in general hospital "a study of 114 cases"]. | we conducted a study on the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis at chiba kaihin municipal hospital. examinations were performed to determine the presence of active mycobacterium tuberculosis in sputum and gastric aspirate. for the sputum smear-negative cases, fiberoptic bronchoscopy was further used as a means for detecting the tuberculosis. the results obtained were as follows: 1. a total of 114 cases in the past six years diagnosed as active pulmonary tuberculosis (including 88 primary treatme ... | 1992 | 1434314 |
| [a clinical study of tuberculous pleurisy]. | forty-eight cases of tuberculous pleurisy were examined and the following results were obtained. (1) most of the patients were male, and there was no significant age and underlying diseases. (2) fever and chest pain were observed mainly in younger patients, and sputum and dyspnea in older patients. (3) all of the cases examined had exudative pleural effusion, and increased ada activity was frequently observed. (4) mycobacterium tuberculosis was detected in the sputum of 65%, and also in the pleu ... | 1992 | 1434315 |
| [correlation of tuberculin skin reaction with lymphocyte proliferation, interferon-gamma production and tumor necrosis factor-alpha production after in vitro stimulation with ppd and killed mycobacterium tuberculosis using peripheral blood of healthy donors]. | the quantitative relationships among the in vitro lymphocyte proliferation in peripheral blood in 19 healthy donors to purified protein derivative (ppd) and the killed mycobacterium tuberculosis, interferon-gamma (ifn gamma) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (tnf alpha) production in these culture supernatants, and the in vivo skin reaction to ppd which were simultaneously measured were studied. statistical analysis was performed with t-test and multiple regression analysis: the results obtained w ... | 1992 | 1434316 |
| [rapid diagnosis of mycobacteria, especially mycobacterium tuberculosis and mycobacterium avium complex, using mb check system]. | fourty-five sputum specimens were subjected to isolation for mycobacteria either mb check system (mb method; f. hoffmann-la roche ltd., basel, switzerland) or 3% ogawa egg medium (ogawa method). test sputum was treated with 4 volumes of 4% naoh for 1-2 min and 0.1 ml of the resulting mixture was inoculated onto 3% ogawa egg medium. the remaining portion of the mixture was neutralized with in hcl, diluted with 1/15 m phosphate buffer (pb; ph 6.8), and subsequently centrifuged at 3,000 rpm for 20 ... | 1992 | 1434318 |
| [tuberculous meningitis in japanese children between 1980-1991]. | we evaluated the clinical and laboratory findings of tuberculous meningitis admitted to tokyo metropolitan children's hospital from 1980 through 1991 retrospectively. they consisted of 26 patients (14 boys and 12 girls), and their age ranged from 4 months to 11 years. seventeen patients were under 3 years of age. mortality rate was 4% (1/26), and there were 13 patients with sequelae on discharge from the hospital, and 12 patients without any sequelae. the period to recover normal csf findings wa ... | 1992 | 1434322 |
| [haemophilus influenzae pulmonary infection in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus]. | haemophilus influenzae has frequently been identified as the etiologic agent in pneumonias of patients with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection. the experience of the authors is reviewed and the significance of isolating this microorganism in respiratory samples commented upon. | 1992 | 1434998 |
| detection and identification of mycobacterium tuberculosis, m. bovis/bcg, and m. avium by two-step polymerase chain reaction. comparison with elisa using a60 antigen. | we propose a rapid two-step pcr to amplify a 767-bp sequence present in the gene coding for the 65-kd antigen of mycobacteria. the high g+c content (80%) permitted annealing to occur at 70 degrees c, enhancing the specificity. the amplified fragment contains a restriction site for differentiation between m. tuberculosis, m. bovis/bcg, and m. avium. complete diagnosis can be achieved in less than four hours without labelled probe or nucleic acid transfer. | 1992 | 1435347 |
| [diagnostic value of elisa for determining the occurrence of antibodies to antigen a60 in active pulmonary tuberculosis]. | igg antibodies against the purified antigen 60 have been detected in the sera of 48 active, 12 inactive pulmonary tuberculosis patients and 46 tuberculosis free controls with elisa. diagnostic value of this test has been evaluated in the conditions of our country. the detection of igg antibodies against antigen 60 has 67% sensitivity, 90% specificity and 81% positive predictive values. it has been decided that these values have no superiority compared to the sputum examination. it was also found ... | 1992 | 1435362 |
| [importance of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for the serologic diagnosis of tuberculosis]. | tuberculosis is still a major granulomatosis disease in developing countries. the diagnosis of tuberculosis infection frequently creates problems which is related to clinical, radiological and bacteriological investigations. recently, immunoenzymatic assays provide hopeful results for the serodiagnosis of tuberculosis. in this study, elisa was evaluated as a serodiagnostic test for tuberculosis. sera were obtained from 40 pulmonary tuberculosis patients and 15 healthy volunteer donors. the resul ... | 1992 | 1435364 |
| fatal hospital-acquired multidrug-resistant tuberculous pericarditis in two patients with aids. | | 1992 | 1435940 |