| ticarcillin-clavulanate therapy for bacterial skin and soft tissue infections. | ticarcillin-clavulanate is active in vitro against the vast majority of pathogens involved in skin and soft tissue infections. a compilation of six controlled clinical trials of ticarcillin-clavulanate for treatment of skin infections showed a satisfactory clinical response in 175 (93%) of 189 cases. the bacteriologic response included eradication of staphylococcus aureus, enterococcus species, enterobacteriaceae, and pseudomonas aeruginosa in 88%, 75%, 88%, and 77% of cases, respectively. in ad ... | 1991 | 1925317 |
| [effect of storage on microbiological indicators in oysters]. | | 1991 | 1926822 |
| use of corticosterone and ampicillin for treatment of streptococcus faecalis infection in chickens. | chickens were selectively bred for either high-antibody (ha) or low-antibody (la) response to sheep erythrocytes. from 6 to 31 days after streptococcus faecalis challenge exposure, la-line chickens maintained a greater percentage of the prechallenge-exposure body weight and had lower heterophil-to-lymphocyte ratio than did ha-line chickens. the optimal dose of corticosterone (30 mg/kg of feed) was effective in maintaining postchallenge-exposure body weight greater than that of controls. ampicill ... | 1991 | 1928910 |
| antimicrobial susceptibility and molecular epidemiology of beta-lactamase-producing, aminoglycoside-resistant isolates of enterococcus faecalis. | beta-lactamase-producing (bl+), aminoglycoside-resistant (ar) enterococcus faecalis is endemic in our hospital, having caused widespread colonization and infection. suitable therapy for infections caused by these organisms has been problematic. we compared the antimicrobial and bactericidal activities, by broth macrodilution and time-kill methods, of several antibiotics, alone and in combination, against bl+, ar isolates of e. faecalis and determined the transmissibility of antibiotic resistance ... | 1991 | 1929246 |
| comparison of enterococcus raffinosus with enterococcus avium on the basis of penicillin susceptibility, penicillin-binding protein analysis, and high-level aminoglycoside resistance. | we reidentified our laboratories' collections of 57 enterococcal isolates previously classified as enterococcus avium by the api rapid strep identification system (analytab products, plainview, n.y.) with the identification criteria recommended by facklam and collins (r. r. facklam and m. d. collins, j. clin. microbiol. 27: 731-734, 1989). thirty isolates were identified as true e. avium, 25 isolates were identified as e. raffinosus, and 2 isolates were identified as e. pseudoavium. e. raffinosu ... | 1991 | 1929301 |
| bacteremia caused by hemolytic, high-level gentamicin-resistant enterococcus faecalis. | between 1 january 1984 and 31 december 1987, 206 enterococcal blood isolates at the university of wisconsin hospital and clinics were analyzed for high-level aminoglycoside resistance (hereafter high-level aminoglycoside resistance is simply referred to as "resistance") and hemolysin production. of 190 enterococcus faecalis isolates, 68 (35.8%) were resistant to gentamicin. of these 68 strains, 67 (98.5%) contained a gene coding for the bifunctional aminoglycoside-modifying 6'-aminoglycoside ace ... | 1991 | 1929336 |
| tetracycline resistance in peptostreptococcus species. | of 15 peptostreptococcus sp. strains isolated between 1975 and 1984, 13 hybridized with the tet k, tet m, or tet o determinant. a donor peptostreptococcus anaerobius strain carrying the three determinants could transfer tet m to p. anaerobius and fusobacterium nucleatum recipients but not to an enterococcus faecalis recipient, while neither tet k nor tet o was transferred. | 1991 | 1929341 |
| in vitro antibacterial activity of me1207, a new oral cephalosporin. | me1207 is the prodrug of me1206. its in vitro antibacterial activity was compared with that of cefteram, cefpodoxime, cefixime, and cefaclor against various clinical isolates. me1206 was more active than the other cephems tested against staphylococci, streptococci, morganella morganii, pseudomonas cepacia, and flavobacterium meningosepticum and had the most potent activity against haemophilus influenzae and neiserria gonorrhoeae. the drug also showed a wide spectrum of activity against other gra ... | 1991 | 1929344 |
| comparison of 30 microgram and 120 microgram gentamicin disks for the prediction of gentamicin resistance in enterococcus faecalis. | single strain regression analysis was performed on pdm ii medium for e. faecalis with 10, 30 and 120 micrograms gentamicin disks using e. faecalis, strain atcc 29212 as the reference. this method permits the calculation of zone diameters corresponding to different mic values for different disk contents. the lack of discrimination between normal low-level resistant strains and high-level resistance using the 10 micrograms disk was confirmed. however, both the 30 micrograms and 120 micrograms disk ... | 1991 | 1930962 |
| synergy and cumulated killing effect of the penems fce 22101 and fce 25199 in combination with gentamicin against bacteria isolated from septicaemia. | blood isolates of enterococcus faecalis, streptococcus sanguis, staphylococcus aureus, e. coli and klebsiella oxytoca were tested for their synergistic and cumulated killing effect (cke) with the new penems fce 22101 or fce 25199 in combination with gentamicin. the tissue cage model in rabbits was used to study the cke in vivo after antibiotic treatment of the bacteria in vitro. synergy was observed within two to seven h with all isolates in early logarithmic phase, except with s. aureus, which ... | 1991 | 1930964 |
| molecular basis for vancomycin resistance in enterococcus faecium bm4147: biosynthesis of a depsipeptide peptidoglycan precursor by vancomycin resistance proteins vanh and vana. | vancomycin resistance in enterococcus faecium bm4147 is mediated by vancomycin resistance proteins vana and vanh. vana is a d-alanine:d-alanine ligase of altered substrate specificity [bugg, t. d. h., dutka-malen, s., arthur, m., courvalin, p., & walsh, c. t. (1991) biochemistry 30, 2017-2021], while the sequence of vanh is related to those of alpha-keto acid dehydrogenases [arthur, m., molinas, c., dutka-malen, s., & courvalin, p. (1991) gene (submitted)]. we report purification of vanh to homo ... | 1991 | 1931965 |
| [invasive mycoses in liver transplantation]. | seventy three adults underwent orthotopic liver transplantations between february 1987 and november 1989 and were followed (54 retrospectively and 19 in a prospective study) with the aim of establishing the incidence of deep mycoses (3 disseminated candidiasis due to c. albicans, 1 invasive aspergillosis due to a. fumigatus and 1 invasive pulmonary aspergillosis due to a. niger and a. fumigatus). 4/5 of these infections occurred in the first month after transplantation. all the patients were ass ... | 1991 | 1932238 |
| internal mammary artery use. sternal revascularization and experimental infection patterns. | we have described previously the acute sternal devascularization produced by mobilization of one or both internal mammary arteries (imas). the present experiments were conducted to examine the time course of sternal revascularization and infection patterns after ima use. twenty-four 8-week-old domestic pigs were obtained from a herd in which active streptococcus faecalis had been detected in recent litters. after control blood flow procedures (microspheres) were completed, each pig underwent a m ... | 1991 | 1934421 |
| effect of glucose concentration, agar, and amount of inoculum on the 6.5% sodium chloride tolerance test for presumptive identification of enterococci. | the 6.5% nacl tolerance test is simple and commonly used for presumptive identification of enterococci; however, it is not strictly standardized. the effect of glucose concentration, types of media and the size of inocula on the growth of enterococci have been evaluated. the results showed that broth was superior to agar media for enterococcal growth at any amount of inoculum. the media containing 1.0% glucose also showed superiority to media containing 0.1% glucose. it is suggested that broth c ... | 1991 | 1935369 |
| differentiation of enterococci from other group d streptococci by means of a specific monoclonal antibody. | we report on the specificity of a monoclonal antibody which reacts with autoclaved extracts of four species of enterococci but does not react to the same extent with similar extracts from two non-enterococcal group d streptococci. the monoclonal antibody also reacts specifically with purified lipoteichoic acid from streptococcus faecalis but not significantly with purified lipoteichoic acid from the non-enterococcal species streptococcus bovis and streptococcus equinus. the specific antigen dete ... | 1991 | 1936940 |
| mode of membrane insertion and sequence of a 32-amino acid peptide stretch of the penicillin-binding protein 4 of enterococcus hirae. | analysis of water-soluble derivatives of the enterococcus hirae 75-kda membrane-bound penicillin-binding protein 4 (pbp4) has yielded the amino acid sequence of a 32-amino acid polypeptide stretch. this peptide is similar to peptide segments known to occur in the n-terminal domain of high-mr pbps of class b. the e. hirae pbp4 probably belongs to the same class. it is anchored in the membrane at the n-terminus of the polypeptide chain. | 1991 | 1936941 |
| stimulation of monokine production by lipoteichoic acids. | lipoteichoic acids (ltas) isolated from bacterial species, including staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus pyogenes a, enterococcus faecalis, streptococcus pneumoniae, and listeria monocytogenes, were tested for their ability to stimulate the production of interleukin-1 beta (il-1 beta), il-6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha in cultured human monocytes. ltas from s. aureus and s. pneumoniae failed to induce monokine production when applied in the concentration range of 0.05 to 5.0 micrograms/ml. ... | 1991 | 1937822 |
| localization of translocating escherichia coli, proteus mirabilis, and enterococcus faecalis within cecal and colonic tissues of monoassociated mice. | normal bacteria can translocate (migrate) across an intact intestinal mucosa, but the anatomical site of bacterial translocation has not been defined. gastrointestinal (gi) cross-sections were obtained from mice monoassociated with high cecal concentrations of escherichia coli, proteus mirabilis, or enterococcus faecalis. as previously reported (c. l. wells, r. p. jechorek, and k. j. gillingham, arch. surg. 126:247-252, 1991), these mice had viable translocating bacteria recovered from mesenteri ... | 1991 | 1937830 |
| enumeration by a miniaturized method of escherichia coli, streptococcus bovis and enterococci as indicators of the origin of faecal pollution of waters. | counts of escherichia coli, faecal streptococci and enterococci were made on faecal specimens from human and animal origin and urban raw sewage waters, with microtiter plates containing selective substances. escherichia coli was more numerous than faecal streptococci and enterococci in 80% of the samples regardless of the origin. consequently the use of the ratio e. coli/faecal streptococci to distinguish human from animal origin of faecal pollution is questionable. enterococcus faecalis was pre ... | 1991 | 1938678 |
| susceptibility of enterococcus faecium to ampicillin. | | 1991 | 1938700 |
| molecular and genetic analysis of a region of plasmid pcf10 containing positive control genes and structural genes encoding surface proteins involved in pheromone-inducible conjugation in enterococcus faecalis. | exposure of enterococcus faecalis cells carrying the tetracycline resistance plasmid pcf10 to the heptapeptide pheromone ccf10 results in an increase in conjugal transfer frequency by as much as 10(6)-fold. pheromone-induced donor cells also express at least two plasmid-encoded surface proteins, the 130-kda sec 10 protein, which is involved in surface exclusion, and the 150-kda asc10 protein, which has been associated with the formation of mating aggregates. previous subcloning and transposon mu ... | 1991 | 1938961 |
| role of the pheromone-inducible surface protein asc10 in mating aggregate formation and conjugal transfer of the enterococcus faecalis plasmid pcf10. | the high transfer frequency of pheromone-inducible conjugative plasmids of enterococcus faecalis in liquid culture is due in part to the formation of mating aggregates. these aggregates result from the interaction of two surface components, aggregation substance (as), which is plasmid encoded, and the chromosomally encoded binding substance (bs). in the accompanying paper (s.-m. kao, s. b. olmsted, a. s. viksnins, j.c. gallo, g. m. dunny, j. bacteriol, 173:7650-7664, 1991), the sequence of the p ... | 1991 | 1938962 |
| direct identification of bacterial isolates in blood cultures by using a dna probe. | this study involved the rapid, direct identification of staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus pneumoniae, escherichia coli, haemophilus influenzae, enterococcus sp., and streptococcus agalactiae from positive blood culture bottles (bactec, johnston laboratories, inc.) by using the accuprobe (gen-probe, san diego, calif.) culture confirmation test. this method uses a chemiluminescent dna probe that detects the rrna of the target organisms. the manufacturer's instructions were modified to use a pel ... | 1991 | 1939570 |
| vancomycin susceptibility and identification of motile enterococci. | thirty-seven clinical isolates of enterococcus gallinarum and enterococcus casseliflavus and three type or reference strains of the species were studied with respect to vancomycin susceptibility and key identification characteristics. with the exception of one clinical isolate of e. casseliflavus (mic, 4 micrograms/ml), mics of vancomycin were 8 to 32 micrograms/ml. the type strain of e. gallinarum, ncdo 2313, and five of the clinical isolates had similar penicillin-binding protein profiles and ... | 1991 | 1939593 |
| triple-combination penicillin-vancomycin-gentamicin for experimental endocarditis caused by a moderately penicillin- and highly glycopeptide-resistant isolate of enterococcus faecium. | an in vitro bacteriostatic synergy between beta-lactam and glycopeptide antibiotics has been recently described against isolates of enterococcus faecium moderately resistant to penicillin and highly resistant to vancomycin. the relevance of this synergy in a rabbit endocarditis model was evaluated. penicillin was tested at low- (lod) and high-dose (hid) regimens, alone or combined with vancomycin and/or gentamicin. compared with controls, after a 5-day treatment: lod penicillin, vancomycin, gent ... | 1991 | 1940467 |
| enterococcus: an old pathogen with new tricks. | recent clinical enterococcal isolates from the oklahoma city department of veterans affairs medical center were screened for high-level aminoglycoside resistance, vancomycin resistance, beta-lactamase production, and hemolysin production. twenty-nine of 53 (55%) enterococcal isolates had high-level resistance to gentamicin, kanamycin, or streptomycin; 27 of these isolates were from the blood and 16 (59%) showed high-level gentamicin resistance. twenty-one percent of 259 enterococcal isolates fro ... | 1991 | 1941300 |
| structure of nadh peroxidase from streptococcus faecalis 10c1 refined at 2.16 a resolution. | the crystal structure of nadh peroxidase (ec 1.11.1.1) from streptococcus faecalis 10c1 (enterococcus faecalis) has been refined to a resolution of 2.16 a using the simulated annealing method. the final crystallographic r-factor is 17.7% for all data in the resolution range 7 to 2.16 a. the standard deviations are 0.015 a in bond lengths and 3.0 degrees in bond angles for the final model, which includes all 447 amino acid residues, one fad and 369 water molecules. the enzyme is a symmetrical tet ... | 1991 | 1942054 |
| faecal indicator bacteria on the hands and the effectiveness of hand-washing in zimbabwe. | two aspects of hand-washing were explored in this study. mothers and children from 80 families in zimbabwe were asked to wash their hands in the traditional manner in sterile water. mothers were asked to answere a socio-economic questionnaire. by using the questionnaire and observations in conjunction with the microbiological data from hand-washing, factors were identified which contributed to high counts on the hands. these were: high relative humidity, living on a commercial farm, and having a ... | 1991 | 1942217 |
| [factors relating to postoperative infections in cancer patients]. | some factors relating to the increasing prevalence of postoperative infections after gastroenterological surgery were investigated from the standpoint of both patients profile and isolated bacteria. data were collected from 542 cancer patients comprising 39 with esophagus cancer, 229 with gastric cancer, 149 with hepato-biliary tract and pancreatic cancer and 125 with colon cancer. respiratory infections after operations were most frequently caused by aging, disturbance of glucose tolerance and ... | 1991 | 1944204 |
| [study of the host factors in the occurrence of the postoperative infections--special reference to the pathogenicity of the enterococcus and mrsa]. | a study of the pathogenicity of the enterococcus and methicillin resistant s. aureus (mrsa) was made of 781 cases with gastroenterological surgery. the results obtained were summarized as follows. in this study 215 strains were isolated from clinical specimens. in these strains 13% was isolated from the postoperative mixed infection and only 7% occurred in single infection. most of the single infections by the enterococcus occurred in the cases with changes in host resistance, such as terminal c ... | 1991 | 1944206 |
| uropathogens of various childhood populations and their antibiotic susceptibility. | to define the uropathogens of various childhood populations and their antibiotic susceptibility, 646 episodes of urinary tract infections (uti) were studied. of the community-acquired uti 78% were caused by escherichia coli and 12% by klebsiella whereas only 65% of hospital-acquired uti were caused by e. coli (p less than 0.01), and other pathogens, including pseudomonas, were more common. in children with uti who did not have an underlying disorder, most infections were caused by e. coli and kl ... | 1991 | 1945576 |
| bacterial growth on suction drain tips. prospective study of 489 clean orthopedic operations. | the study included 489 clean orthopedic operations with implantation of major foreign materials (joint replacements and internal fixations of fractures). specimens for culture were taken from the suction drainage system, either from the drain fluid or from the drain-tube tip or from both. six superficial and five deep infections were seen following the operations. only two cultures of drain fluid were positive, and neither of these became infected. positive drain-tip cultures were seen after 56 ... | 1991 | 1950489 |
| nucleotide sequence of the beta-lactamase gene from enterococcus faecalis hh22 and its similarity to staphylococcal beta-lactamase genes. | the nucleotide sequence of the constitutively produced beta-lactamase (bla) gene from enterococcus faecalis hh22 was shown to be identical to the published sequences of three of four staphylococcal type a beta-lactamase genes; more differences were seen with the genes for staphylococcal type c and d enzymes. one hundred forty nucleotides upstream of the beta-lactamase start codon were determined for an inducible staphylococcal beta-lactamase and were identical to those of the constitutively expr ... | 1991 | 1952840 |
| mechanism of action of bay v 3522, a new cephalosporin with unusually good activity against enterococci. | the in vitro activity of bay v 3522, a new cephalosporin with unusually good activity against enterococci, was tested on 100 clinical isolates of enterococcus faecalis. the mic for 86.3% of the strains was 4 micrograms/ml, whereas the mic for 13.7% ranged from 8 to 16 micrograms/ml. no differences were found between mics determined with low- or high-density inocula. the bactericidal activity of bay v 3522 was tested on eight clinical strains; most strains showed a ca. 3-log decrease of the origi ... | 1991 | 1952864 |
| lack of homology of enterococci which have high-level resistance to trimethoprim with the dfra gene of staphylococcus aureus. | multiresistant enterococci were tested for susceptibility to trimethoprim (tmp). although most enterococci are inhibited by less than or equal to 1.0 microgram/ml, the mics for 7 of 29 selected multiresistant isolates were greater than or equal to 8 micrograms/ml, including for two beta-lactamase positive (bla+) strains, for which the mics of tmp were greater than 1,000 micrograms/ml, and for another bla+ strain, for which the mic was 128 micrograms/ml. none of five isolates tested transferred t ... | 1991 | 1952870 |
| species identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing of enterococci isolated from hospitalized patients. | a total of 236 enterococci from hospitalized patients were identified to the species level, and their susceptibilities to 11 antibiotics were determined. overall, 195 (82.6%) and 38 (16.1%) isolates were identified as enterococcus faecalis and e. faecium, respectively, but the species distribution as determined from blood culture isolates differed markedly. a total of 27 (63.2%) e. faecium isolates, but no e. faecalis strains, were ampicillin resistant (mic, greater than 8 micrograms/ml). high-l ... | 1991 | 1952875 |
| acyltransferase activities of the high-molecular-mass essential penicillin-binding proteins. | the high-molecular-mass penicillin-binding proteins (hmm-pbps), present in the cytoplasmic membranes of all eubacteria, are involved in important physiological events such as cell elongation, septation or shape determination. up to now it has, however, been very difficult or impossible to study the catalytic properties of the hmm-pbps in vitro. with simple substrates, we could demonstrate that several of these proteins could catalyse the hydrolysis of some thioesters or the transfer of their acy ... | 1991 | 1953655 |
| [a simple apparatus for the determination of the resistance of bioindicators to saturated steam at temperatures less than 100 degrees c., tested with enterococcus faecium as test microbe]. | an apparatus is described by means of which the resistance of microbiological indicators to water vapor at temperatures below 100 degrees c can be determined. the apparatus can be assembled from parts generally available in laboratories. the principle of the apparatus consists in the production of water vapor of the desired temperature under conditions of reduced pressure and its recondensation to water after having passed a special chamber. accordingly, the device consists of a heated round-bot ... | 1991 | 1953932 |
| [bathing water inspection based on the guideline issued by the council of the european community on 8 dec 1975 concerning the quality of bathing water. microbiological parameter taken: april 1991]. | | 1991 | 1953934 |
| thermal susceptibility of streptococcus faecium strains isolated from frankfurters. | the heat resistance of nine strains of streptococcus faecium isolated from frankfurters was determined at 63 and 68 degrees c in brain heart infusion broth. exponential-phase cultures (approximately 10(7) colonies/ml) were used as inoculants. the heat resistance of s. faecium dp2181, a moderately resistant isolate, was further examined in broth (55, 63, and 68 degrees c) and frankfurter emulsion (63 and 68 degrees c). the decimal reduction times (d values) were determined by regression. in broth ... | 1991 | 1954573 |
| detection and prevalence of listeria monocytogenes in the agricultural ecosystem. | the sensitivity of four different enrichment procedures to detect listeria monocytogenes in the presence of high levels of streptococcus faecalis was investigated. defined mixed cultures of strep. faecalis and l. monocytogenes gave better results with one-stage enrichment techniques. for manure samples, however, two-stage enrichment techniques gave the best performance. the so-called cold enrichment techniques were found to be unsatisfactory for samples from natural environments. the following m ... | 1991 | 1955415 |
| high-level gentamicin resistance in enterococcus faecalis bacteremia. | in a retrospective analysis, patients with bacteremia due to enterococcus faecalis with and without high-level gentamicin resistance (gre; mic greater than 2000 micrograms/ml) were compared. bacteremic patients with gre (n = 32) had significantly higher rates of nosocomial acquisition and bladder catheterization, longer hospitalizations, and more frequent prior treatment with cephalosporins than did bacteremic patients without high-level resistance (n = 19). overall mortality was significantly a ... | 1991 | 1955722 |
| phosphate-dependent sodium transport in s. faecalis investigated by 23na and 31p nmr. | na+ movements in s. faecalis were studied by 23na nmr. they proved to be dependent on phosphate concentration in the buffer during the de-energization step. k+ and h+ were also studied respectively by potentiometry and 31p nmr and were shown not to be implicated. for de-energized cells the internal phosphate concentration, on the contrary, was directly linked to the external phosphate contained in the buffer. the experiments showed a na+/pi dependence in this prokaryote so far known only in euka ... | 1991 | 1958221 |
| [antibiotic sensitivity of bacteria isolated from patients at 6 hospitals in osaka]. | we examined mics of 6 oral new quinolones and 4 oral cephems against bacteria isolated from patients at 6 hospitals in osaka during the period from january to june in 1990, and the following results were obtained. 1. all species excluding streptococcus pyogenes were more sensitive with less frequencies of resistance to new quinolones than to cephems. in new quinolones, tosufloxacin (tflx) was the most active against gram-positive cocci and ciprofloxacin (cpfx) and tflx had the highest activities ... | 1991 | 1960855 |
| [antibacterial activities of ofloxacin against recent isolates from patients with community-acquired infections]. | in order to survey antibacterial activities of ofloxacin (oflx) against 1,440 bacterial strains isolated from patients with community-acquired infections in 1987 and 1990, minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics) of the drug as well as those of other new quinolones and oral cephems were determined. the following conclusions were reached. 1. comparison of the mic distribution for strains isolated in 1987 with those in 1990 suggested a tendency toward an increase in the frequency of oflx-resistant ... | 1991 | 1960856 |
| gene homogeneity for aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes in gram-positive cocci. | aminoglycoside-resistant strains of staphylococcus and enterococcus, approximately 500 of each, were screened by dot blot hybridization for the presence of genes encoding aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes. the mics of various aminoglycosides for the strains were determined, and the enzyme contents of the cells were inferred from the resistance phenotypes. the agreements (in percent) of the hybridization results with the deduced enzyme contents for staphylococcus and enterococcus species were, res ... | 1990 | 1963528 |
| bactericidal activity of vancomycin, daptomycin, ampicillin and aminoglycosides against vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecium. | daptomycin, vancomycin, ampicillin and aminoglycosides, alone or in combination, were tested for their bactericidal activity against 15 isolates of vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecium from immunocompromised children. the kill-kinetic studies at clinically achievable concentrations demonstrated that daptomycin alone or in combination with ampicillin had the greatest bactericidal activity. | 1990 | 1964156 |
| transferable plasmid-mediated antibiotic resistance in listeria monocytogenes. | a strain of listeria monocytogenes, isolated from a patient with meningoencephalitis, was resistant to chloramphenicol, erythromycin, streptomycin, and tetracycline. the genes conferring resistance to these antibiotics were carried by a 37-kb plasmid, pip811, that was self-transferable to other l monocytogenes cells, to enterococci-streptococci, and to staphylococcus aureus. the efficacy of transfer and the stability of pip811 were higher in enterococci-streptococci than in the other gram-positi ... | 1990 | 1972210 |
| the distribution of aztreonam in serum, bile, skin and subcutaneous tissues in patients undergoing cholecystectomy. | the distribution of aztreonam was measured in patients undergoing elective cholecystectomy. in 14 patients 2 g aztreonam was injected preoperatively and the concentration of the antibiotic was assessed in the bile from the gall bladder and common bile duct, subcutaneous tissues and serum. samples from bile and any wound discharge were cultured and sensitivities determined. the antibiotic reached bactericidal levels in the common bile duct within 30 min of injection and such levels were maintaine ... | 1990 | 1972956 |
| relationship between changes in buoyant density and formation of new sites of cell wall growth in cultures of streptococci (enterococcus hirae atcc 9790) undergoing a nutritional shift-up. | when the glutamate concentration of cultures of enterococcus hirae was raised from 20 to 300 micrograms/ml, the mass doubling time decreased from ca. 85 to 45 min in 9 min, but balanced growth was not reestablished for 30 to 40 min. during the unbalanced period of growth, rna and protein synthesis proceeded more rapidly than did peptidoglycan synthesis, buoyant density increased from ca. 1.1024 to 1.1075 g/ml, and the rate of formation of new cell wall growth sites transitorily accelerated above ... | 1990 | 1973928 |
| mobilization of the gentamicin resistance gene in enterococcus faecalis. | enterococcus faecalis plasmid pbem10 (a conjugative plasmid encoding beta-lactamase production and gentamicin resistance [gmr]) was made transfer deficient by using tn917. relocation of the gmr determinant into two sites on pcf10 was observed. restriction analysis revealed insertion of a common 2.5-kilobase-pair hindiii and a 3.9-kilobase-pair haeiii fragment encoding gmr, suggesting that this determinant resides on a transposon similar to tn4001. | 1990 | 1975489 |
| antimicrobial actions of calcium binding leucocyte l1 protein, calprotectin. | the calcium binding l1 protein was found to inhibit growth of blood culture isolates of candida spp and cerebrospinal fluid isolates of cryptococcus neoformans. minimum inhibitory concentrations (mic) were 4-128 mg/l, and concentrations 2-4 times the mic were fungicidal. blood culture isolates of escherichia coli, klebsiella spp, staphylococcus aureus, and staphylococcus epidermidis had mic values of 64-256 mg/l. antibacterial activity was strongly influenced by the nature of the culture medium. ... | 1990 | 1976144 |
| comparison of genomic dnas of different enterococcal isolates using restriction endonucleases with infrequent recognition sites. | epidemiologic evaluation of enterococci has been limited by the lack of a simple and effective method for comparing strains. in this study, we have compared chromosomal restriction endonuclease digestion patterns of 27 isolates of enterococcus faecalis from three different locations by using pulsed-field electrophoresis of large chromosomal fragments (14 to 1,000 kilobases). all but two isolates generated a clear, evaluable pattern with a single lysis and digestion, and the remaining two were vi ... | 1990 | 1977766 |
| a bacteriological assessment of ampicillin with sulbactam as antibiotic prophylaxis in patients undergoing biliary tract operations. the west of scotland surgical infection study group. | a prospective audit of 644 patients undergoing biliary tract operations has been conducted in ten district general hospitals. all patients received a single dose of ampicillin 2 g and sulbactam 1 g as antibiotic prophylaxis. bacteria were cultured from the bile of 121 patients. in patients with sterile bile the incidence of postoperative infection was 2.5%, while in those with colonized bile it was 22% (p less than 0.0001). the 35 patients from whose bile bacteria of two or more species were iso ... | 1990 | 1979575 |
| [microflora of drinking water reclaimed from waste water in an hermetically closed environment]. | microorganisms dwelling in drinking water reclaimed from water containing water in an enclosed environment were identified. the microbial species in the water reclaimed from the condensate of hydrogen peroxide decomposition products and from the air humidity condensate showed specific features and differences when compared to those in natural water. | 1990 | 1981380 |
| molecular analysis of lipoteichoic acid from streptococcus agalactiae. | a method for the analysis of lipoteichoic acid (lta) by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (page) is described. purified lta from streptococcus agalactiae tended to smear in the upper two-thirds of a 30 to 40% linear polyacrylamide gel, while the chemically deacylated form (cdlta) migrated as a ladder of discrete bands, reminiscent of lipopolysaccharides. the deacylated polymer appeared to separate in this system on the basis of size, as evident from results obtained from page analysis of cdlta ... | 1991 | 1987143 |
| endophthalmitis from contaminated donor corneas following penetrating keratoplasty. | we encountered six (0.2%) cases of endophthalmitis resulting from contaminated donor corneas between january 1983 and july 1990 following a total of 3000 consecutive penetrating keratoplasties. causative organisms in the three cases of fungal endophthalmitis were torulopsis glabrata, candida albicans, and aspergillus flavus; the three cases of bacterial endophthalmitis were due to klebsiella pneumoniae, staphylococcus aureus, and enterococcus faecalis. all organisms were resistant to gentamicin ... | 1991 | 1987949 |
| upper genital tract isolates at delivery as predictors of post-cesarean infections among women receiving antibiotic prophylaxis. | the introduction of antibiotic prophylaxis for cesarean delivery has decreased the risk of postpartum endometritis and wound infection, but factors that contribute to prophylaxis failure are not understood. to determine factors that might contribute to postpartum infections following antibiotic prophylaxis, we cultured amniotic fluid, decidua, and chorioamniotic membrane specimens for anaerobic and facultative bacteria and for genital mycoplasmas at cesarean delivery. women were assessed daily f ... | 1991 | 1988895 |
| prostatitis. | several distinct types of prostatitis, or prostatitis syndromes, are now recognized. the most common forms include acute and chronic bacterial prostatitis, nonbacterial prostatitis, and prostatodynia. bacterial prostatitis, caused mainly by coliform bacteria, pseudomonas, and enterococcus faecalis, is often difficult to cure and usually requires extended therapy (4-16 weeks) with an appropriate antimicrobial agent that achieves therapeutic levels in the prostatic secretory system. about 90% of m ... | 1991 | 1996042 |
| identification of vancomycin resistance protein vana as a d-alanine:d-alanine ligase of altered substrate specificity. | high-level glycopeptide resistance in enterococcus faecium bm4147 is mediated by a 38-kda protein vana, whose amino acid sequence is related to gram-negative d-alanine:d-alanine (d-ala-d-ala) ligases [dutka-malen, s., molinas, c., arthur, m., & courvalin, p. (1990) mol. gen. genet. 224, 364-372]. we report purification of vana and demonstrate that it has d-ala-d-ala ligase activity but has substantially modified substrate specificity, compared with gram-negative d-ala-d-ala ligases. vana prefere ... | 1991 | 1998664 |
| intravenous ciprofloxacin versus ceftazidime for treatment of nosocomial pneumonia and urinary tract infection. | intravenous ciprofloxacin and ceftazidime were compared for efficacy in the treatment of nosocomial pneumonia and urinary tract infection (uti). patients with nosocomial pneumonia were randomized to receive ciprofloxacin (as the lactate salt) 300 mg i.v. every 12 hours or ceftazidime (with sodium carbonate) 2 g i.v. every eight hours. patients with uti were randomized to receive ciprofloxacin 200 mg i.v. every 12 hours or ceftazidime 1 g i.v. every eight hours. sputum and urine specimens were co ... | 1991 | 1999086 |
| effect of hydrogen peroxide on growth of candida, cryptococcus, and other yeasts in simulated blood culture bottles. | the addition of hydrogen peroxide to blood contained in liquid culture medium increased the dissolved-o2 partial pressure in direct proportion to the volume injected. the effect of hydrogen peroxide on the growth of subcultured clinical isolates of candida albicans, cryptococcus neoformans, torulopsis glabrata, and other yeasts and on the growth of blood culture isolates of representative pathogenic bacteria was compared with its effect on their growth in vented and unvented stationary bottles. ... | 1991 | 2007641 |
| isolation of vancomycin-resistant enterococci in haematologic patients. | after the occurrence of septicaemia with a vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecalis strain in a patient, it was decided to determine the number of carriers of vancomycin-resistant cocci among haematologic patients. during a period of six months 135 stool samples from 25 children, and 400 samples from 70 adults were studied. all samples from the children were negative for vancomycin-resistant cocci. nine of the adult patients had cultures positive for cocci, all identified as enterococci, which ... | 1991 | 2009875 |
| mediastinitis after open heart surgery. analysis of risk factors and management. | mediastinitis developed following 58 of 8803 operative procedures involving median sternotomy at türkiye yüksek ihtisas hospital. there were 40 men and 18 women. mediastinitis occurred within, on average, 10 days after the operation. no positive cultures were obtained in 37 patients; staphylococcus aureus was the responsible pathogen in 18, escherichia coli in 2, and enterococcus in 1 patients. thirty patients had a valve procedure, 24 aortocoronary bypass grafting, 1 a total correction for tetr ... | 1991 | 2010448 |
| in vitro antibacterial activities of pd 131628, a new 1,8-naphthyridine anti-infective agent. | pd 131628 is a new aminopyrrolidine-substituted fluorocyclopropyl naphthyridine quinolone which possesses high in vitro activity against a wide spectrum of bacterial species. the mics for greater than or equal to 90% of strains were 0.125 to 0.25 microgram/ml for staphylococci, streptococcus pyogenes, and s. pneumoniae; 0.5 micrograms/ml for s. agalactiae and enterococcus faecalis; 0.125 micrograms/ml for members of the family enterobacteriaceae and acinetobacter spp.; 0.5 micrograms/ml for pseu ... | 1991 | 2014970 |
| antibiosis of leuconostoc gelidum isolated from meat. | a heterofermentative lactic acid bacterium isolated from meat packaged under elevated co2 levels was identified as leuconostoc gelidum, based on the description of this new species by shaw & harding (1989). it grows well at refrigeration temperatures but not at 35 degrees c. the organism produces an inhibitory substance that is inactivated by protease and trypsin, but not by catalase or by heating at 62 degrees c, for 30 min. the bacteriocin-like inhibitory substance is produced early in the gro ... | 1991 | 2019548 |
| comparison of silver sulfadiazine 1% with chlorhexidine digluconate 0.2% to silver sulfadiazine 1% alone in the prophylactic topical antibacterial treatment of burns. | wound bacterial colonization in 118 patients treated with chlorhexidine digluconate 0.2% in silver sulfadiazine 1% applied daily to the burn wounds was compared to that of 135 comparable patients similarly treated with silver sulfadiazine 1%. with chlorhexidine digluconate 0.2% in silver sulfadiazine 1%, colonization by staphylococcus aureus was less frequent (38%) than with silver sulfadiazine (54%, p = 0.016). no statistical difference was found for colonization by enterococcus faecalis, pseud ... | 1991 | 2022674 |
| comparative evaluation of vitek gram-positive identification system and api rapid strep system for identification of streptococcus species of bovine origin. | the vitek gram-positive identification system (gpi, vitek systems, inc., hazelwood, mo) and the api rapid strep system (analytab products, plainview, ny) were evaluated for species identification of streptococci isolated from bovine mammary glands and compared to conventional biochemical methods. a total of 144 strains including streptococcus uberis (60), s. dysgalactiae (32), s. agalactiae (15), s. bovis (15), enterococcus faecium (10) and ent. faecalis (12) were evaluated. all reference strain ... | 1991 | 2024448 |
| intestinal bacteria of newborn ethiopian infants in relation to antibiotic treatment and colonisation by potentially pathogenic gram-negative bacteria. | the aerobic and anaerobic intestinal microflora of 60 newborn infants in addis ababa was studied. as opposed to earlier published studies from stockholm, there were no consistent changes of the microflora attributable to antibiotic treatment. the reason why antimicrobial agents caused quantitatively smaller changes of the intestinal microflora in newborn infants in addis ababa than in stockholm is not known, but may be due to antimicrobial inactivation, or marked, continuous ingestion of bacteri ... | 1991 | 2028229 |
| oral associated bacterial infection in horses: studies on the normal anaerobic flora from the pharyngeal tonsillar surface and its association with lower respiratory tract and paraoral infections. | two hundred and seventy bacterial isolates were obtained from the pharyngeal tonsillar surface of 12 normal horses and 98 obligatory anaerobic bacteria were characterised. of these, 57 isolates belonging to 7 genera (peptostreptococcus (1); eubacterium (9); clostridium (6); veillonella (6); megasphera (1); bacteroides (28); fusobacterium (6)) were identified, and 16 of these were identified to species level (p. anaerobius (1); e. fossor (9); c. villosum (1); b. fragilis (1); b. tectum (2); b. he ... | 1991 | 2031304 |
| susceptibility of female pelvic pathogens to oral antibiotic agents in patients who develop postpartum endometritis. | fifteen hundred patients were enrolled in a prospective, randomized study on the effect of antibiotic prophylaxis during cesarean section. two hundred thirty-one patients developed postpartum endometritis, and the isolates obtained from the endometrium were tested for sensitivity to ampicillin, cefuroxime, ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and clindamycin. minimum inhibitory concentrations of 50% and 90% of ampicillin, cefuroxime, and clindamycin were similar to previously reported values; however, slig ... | 1991 | 2031518 |
| new directions in the diagnosis and therapy of urinary tract infections. | urinary tract infections are among the most common bacterial infections. to provide appropriate and cost-effective treatment, physicians need to stratify patients with urinary complaints into uncomplicated or complicated categories. this can be accomplished by the history, presenting symptoms, risk factors, and physical examination. complicated urinary tract infections occur in patients with a history of recurrent infections, signs or symptoms of upper tract disease, or coexisting conditions suc ... | 1991 | 2031519 |
| comparison of silver sulphadiazine 1 per cent, silver sulphadiazine 1 per cent plus chlorhexidine digluconate 0.2 per cent and mafenide acetate 8.5 per cent for topical antibacterial effect in infected full skin thickness rat burn wounds. | silver sulphadiazine 1 per cent (ss), silver sulphadiazine 1 per cent plus chlorhexidine digluconate 0.2 per cent (ss + cd 0.2 per cent) and mafenide acetate 8.5 per cent (ma) were compared to assess the antibacterial effect of once daily application on experimental rat 20 per cent full skin thickness burn wounds seeded 24 h earlier with 10(8) microorganisms originally isolated from infected wounds of burned patients. separate series evaluated staph. aureus, enterococcus faecalis, enterobacter c ... | 1991 | 2031672 |
| microtiter plate assays for the measurement of phage adsorption and infection in lactococcus and enterococcus. | three easy and rapid microtiter plate assays for determining phage sensitivity of lactococci and enterococci have been developed. in the microlysis assay, the degree of sensitivity was measured on the basis of the ability of the bacterial cells to grow in the presence of various concentrations of phage and to effect a color change of an acid-base indicator as a result of acid production. two assays that specifically measure phage adsorption to bacterial cells have been developed on the basis of ... | 1991 | 2035836 |
| effect of non-beta-lactam antibiotics on penicillin-binding protein synthesis of enterococcus hirae atcc 9790. | fosfomycin, bacitracin and vancomycin in combination with penicillin exhibit a synergic effect against enterococcus hirae atcc 9790. this strain, when incubated in presence of the mic of non-beta-lactam antibiotics, showed an alternated pattern of pbps. bacitracin and vancomycin caused a decrease in the density of all pbps while fosfomycin only reduced that of pbp 6. it is suggested that the observed synergy is a consequence of the inhibition of pbp synthesis by antibiotics which act on the earl ... | 1991 | 2037534 |
| in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities of e-4497, a new 3-amine-3-methyl-azetidinyl tricyclic fluoroquinolone. | the in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities of a new tricyclic fluoroquinolone, e-4497 [s(-)-9-fluoro-3-methyl-10-(3-amine-3-methyl-azetidin-1-yl)-7-oxo- 2,3-dihydro- 7h-pyrido-(1,2,3-de)-1,4-benzoxazine-6-carboxylic acid], were evaluated in comparison with those of dr-3355 [s-(-)-ofloxacin], norfloxacin, and ciprofloxacin. e-4497 was more potent than norfloxacin and as potent as or more potent than dr-3355 and ciprofloxacin against staphylococcus spp., streptococcus spp., and enterococcus ... | 1991 | 2039195 |
| ofloxacin versus parenteral therapy for chronic osteomyelitis. | we conducted a randomized comparison of oral ofloxacin (400 mg twice a day) and parenteral agents (cefazolin, 1.0 g intravenously every 8 h, or ceftazidime, 2.0 g intravenously every 12 h) in biopsy-confirmed, nonprosthesis osteomyelitis. a total of 19 subjects received ofloxacin for an average of 8 weeks, and 14 received parenteral antibiotics for an average of 4 weeks; both therapies were well tolerated. infections were due to staphylococcus aureus (40%), enterococcus spp. (3%), pseudomonas ae ... | 1991 | 2039205 |
| [the influence of cefpirome on intestinal bacterial flora]. | cefpirome (cpr, hr810), a new parenteral cephalosporin antibiotic, was studied for its effect on the intestinal bacterial flora in pediatric patients. the subjects were children admitted for infections (6 males and 3 females, 1 month to 5 years 1 month old, weighted 3.94 to 21.0 kg). cpr was intravenously administered at a dose between 19.0 to 40.0 mg/kg, 3 to 4 doses daily over 6 to 12 days. the feces from these children were collected before, during, and after administration, and bacteria were ... | 1991 | 2041149 |
| [antibacterial activity of ciprofloxacin against fresh clinical isolates from superficial suppurative foci]. | the minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics) of 5 drugs (ciprofloxacin (cpfx), and 4 drugs used as standard) were determined to investigate antibacterial potencies of cpfx against bacterial strains isolated in 1989 from superficial suppurative foci. the clinical isolates tested included 375 strains from 11 aerobic bacterial species, and 50 strains from 2 anerobic bacterial genera (group) for a total of 425 isolates. interpreting mic level distributions of these drugs as the expression of antibac ... | 1991 | 2041153 |
| microbiological reference values for foods: a european perspective. | microbiological criteria for food products and meals serve to gauge the results obtained upon monitoring samples from manufacturing plants or catering units which strictly adhere to good manufacturing practices (gmp). hazardous practices thus already having been eliminated, the aim of monitoring is to detect and, above all, immediately correct accidental failures in processing or preparation. an essential element of this system of monitoring is that the number of criteria used is kept to a minim ... | 1991 | 2050622 |
| penetration into tissues of various drugs active against gram-positive bacteria. | gram-positive bacteria are the most important pathogens causing hospital- and community-acquired infections. we therefore reviewed the penetration of various antibiotics active against gram-positive bacteria including methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus into tissues, where staphylococcal infections are common. rifampicin reaches heart valve concentrations of 65% of the simultaneous serum levels. at 8 h after administration blood and tissues concentrations of rifampicin exceeded the mic90 ... | 1991 | 2055819 |
| isolation of enterococcus mundtii from normally sterile body sites in two patients. | enterococcus mundtii, a recently described nonmotile, yellow-pigmented enterococcal species, was isolated from a chronic thigh abscess and from operatively obtained sinus mucosa. it is emphasized that this species may be encountered in clinical specimens and that the correct species identification may be missed when commercially available identification systems are relied on. | 1991 | 2056046 |
| management of anorectal/perineal infections caused by pseudomonas aeruginosa in children with malignant diseases. | the role of operation for anorectal infections associated with perineal gangrene and cellulitis in children with myelo-suppression from cancer chemotherapy is unclear. we evaluated anorectal/perineal infections caused by pseudomonas aeruginosa in 16 children with malignant diseases seen over 27 years. in 12 of 16 patients, leukemia was the underlying malignancy (all 10, aml 2), and in 13 of 16, severe neutropenia (absolute neutrophil count less than 500/mm3) was present at diagnosis. cultures of ... | 1991 | 2056413 |
| aztreonam versus gentamicin for short-term prophylaxis in biliary and gastric surgery. | short-term antibiotic prophylaxis was studied in 80 patients undergoing biliary or gastric surgery. the patients were randomized to receive 1 g of aztreonam or 80 mg of gentamicin intravenously 30 minutes before surgery and 8 and 16 hours after surgery. of samples taken from the abdominal cavity for bacteriologic study, 53% were culture positive. wound infections developed in two (4.5%) of 44 patients receiving aztreonam and in seven (19.4%) of 36 patients treated with gentamicin. staphylococcus ... | 1991 | 2068469 |
| synergistic killing of vancomycin-resistant enterococci of classes a, b, and c by combinations of vancomycin, penicillin, and gentamicin. | using both high and low inocula for time-kill curves, we examined the antibiotic killing of clinical isolates of glycopeptide-resistant enterococci (enterococcus faecium, e. faecalis, and e. gallinarum) belonging to phenotypic resistance classes a, b, and c. none were resistant to high levels (greater than 500 mg/liter) of gentamicin. vancomycin-penicillin-gentamicin resulted in 2 or more logs of killing above that of the most effective two-antibiotic combination for all strains except two of th ... | 1991 | 2069388 |
| [a case of mediastinal abscess due to enterococcus faecalis accompanied with superior vena cava syndrome]. | superior vena cava (svc) syndrome caused by benign diseases is rare. we reported a case of mediastinal abscess due to enterococcus faecalis (e. faecalis) accompanied with svc syndrome and reviewed the literature on this particular condition. a 38-year-old female with swelling of the neck and dilatation of cervical vein was admitted to our hospital, being diagnosed as having a svc syndrome. chest roentgenogram revealed an enlargement of the right upper mediastinum and a massive infiltration in th ... | 1991 | 2071954 |
| [survey on clinical isolates from 13 hospitals in akita prefecture--changes in frequency and susceptibility of isolates by scale of hospital. survey group for clinical isolates, chemotherapy research committee of akita prefecture]. | isolates from various clinical materials in 13 hospitals in akita prefecture and their drug susceptibility were investigated by the chemotherapy research committee of akita prefecture during the period from dec., 1987 to feb., 1988. the results were as follows: 1. the total number of isolates was 8,387, including staphylococcus aureus (18.9%), pseudomonas aeruginosa (10.9%), staphylococcus epidermidis (7.3%) and enterococcus faecalis (6.6%). s, aureus and p. aeruginosa were detected more frequen ... | 1990 | 2074368 |
| [antibacterial activity and beta-lactamase stability of eleven oral cephalosporins]. | oral cephalosporins (cefixime, cefdinir, cefetamet, ceftibuten, cefpodoxime, loracarbef, cefprozil, cefuroxime, cefaclor, cefadroxil and bay 3522) were compared by their antibacterial profile including stability against new beta-lactamases. both activity and antibacterial spectrum of compounds structurally related to third generation parenteral cephalosporins (of the oximino class) were superior to established compounds. activity against staphylococci was found to be highest for cefdinir, cefpro ... | 1990 | 2079378 |
| modification of penicillin-binding proteins of penicillin-resistant mutants of different species of enterococci. | mutants resistant to penicillin g were selected in a stepwise manner from nine different species of enterococci. mutants with the highest level of resistance showed cross-resistance to all beta-lactams tested. for eight of the nine species, resistance correlated with increased production of a low molecular weight penicillin-binding protein (pbp). two of these species produced a new pbp of low molecular weight, while two other species produced an additional pbp of high molecular weight. with the ... | 1990 | 2079445 |
| in-vitro activity of sparfloxacin, a new quinolone antimicrobial agent. | the in-vitro activity of sparfloxacin (at-4140), a new difluorinated quinolone, was compared with those of ciprofloxacin, temafloxacin and selected members of other groups of antimicrobial agents, against 651 recent distinct clinical isolates and strains with known mechanisms of resistance. three strains of chlamydia trachomatis were also studied. the mics for 90% of the enterobacteriaceae were between 0.06 and 1 mg/l; for pseudomonas aeruginosa the mic90 was 2 mg/l. sparfloxacin was 16-fold mor ... | 1990 | 2079449 |
| [susceptibilities of clinical bacterial isolates to antimicrobial agents. a study mainly focused on imipenem. research group for testing imipenem susceptibility on clinical isolates]. | we investigated susceptibilities of clinical bacterial isolates to imipenem (ipm) and other antimicrobial agents at 459 hospital laboratories throughout japan from september to december of 1988. in this study, identification and susceptibility testing were performed at each hospital laboratory and the tests were carried out according to the 1-dilution or 3-dilution disc technique in which susceptibilities are classified into 4 grades: , ++, + and -. ipm had significantly high activity against st ... | 1990 | 2086814 |
| comparative in vitro and in vivo activities of six new monofluoroquinolone and difluoroquinolone 3-carboxylic acids with a 7-azetidin ring substituent. | e-4502, e-4501, e-4500, e-4480, e-4474, and e-4441 are new monofluorinated or difluorinated quinolone agents that are chemically characterized by the presence of an azetidin ring, with different c'-3 substituents, at position 7 of the molecular structure. the mics of the difluorinated compounds e-4501, e-4474, and e-4441 for 90% of isolates were 0.06 to 1, 0.06 to 1, and 0.12 to 1 microgram/ml, respectively, against gram-positive organisms (staphylococci, streptococci, and enterococcus faecalis) ... | 1990 | 2088187 |
| [frequency of infections in intensive care units: an incidence survey]. | during a nine months period, 568 patients entered the polyvalent intensive care unit and were prospectively studied: 153 became infected and 289 infections were diagnosed. urinary tract infections (31%) in patients with indwelling catheter, lower respiratory tract infections (22%) in tracheally intubated and ventilated patients and bacteremias (19%) totalized 75% of all i.c.u. acquired infections. post operative and trauma patients were more frequently infected than medical patients. e. coli (19 ... | 1990 | 2089976 |
| [changes in phagocytosis of aerobic bacteria by neutrophils after exposure to subinhibitory concentrations of aztreonam and ciprofloxacin]. | in the present research work we are performing a study on the effect of the antibiotic concentrations low minimal inhibitory concentration of aztreonam and ciprofloxacin on phagocytosis of aerobic bacteria by neutrophils (enterococcus faecalis, staphylococcus aureus, escherichia coli and pseudomonas aeruginosa). both antibiotics induced an increased of phagocytosis by similar mechanisms. in our assay aztreonam and ciprofloxacin would not act directly on granulocyte but they would affect the bact ... | 1990 | 2103236 |
| conjugal mobilization of streptococcal plasmid pmv158 between strains of lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis. | pmv158, a non-self-transmissible plasmid encoding tetracycline resistance, was conjugally transferred from enterococcus faecalis jh203 to lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis il1403. this transfer appeared to be dependent on the cotransfer of the conjugative plasmids pam beta 1 or pip501. intraspecies conjugal transfer of pmv158 also occurred in strain il1403. in contrast to the transfer from e. faecalis, transfer in il1403 did not require the presence of a conjugative plasmid in the donor strain bu ... | 1990 | 2104609 |
| synthesis and structure-activity relationships of new 7-[3-(fluoromethyl)piperazinyl]- and -(fluorohomopiperazinyl)quinolone antibacterials. | some novel 6-fluoro-7-substituted-1,4-dihydro-4-oxoquinoline-3-carboxylic acids have been prepared. at the n-1 position "standard" substitution was employed with the ethyl, cyclopropyl, and p-fluorophenyl groups being used. at c-7 the introduction of some novel piperazines was made. most notably, 2-(fluoromethyl)piperazine (10) and hexahydro-6-fluoro-1h-1,4-diazepine (16, fluorohomopiperazine) at the quinolone c-7 position produced products with similar in vitro antibacterial activity as the cip ... | 1990 | 2104934 |
| enterococcal sepsis in neonates: features by age at onset and occurrence of focal infection. | fifty-six neonates with enterococcal septicemia in a single hospital from 1977 through 1986 were studied. the incidence was low and constant until 1983, when an increase, attributable to infections in infants older than 7 days of age (late-onset), was noted. these infants were more premature (mean gestational age 29.5 vs 36.9 weeks) and had lower birth weights (mean 1250 vs 2700 g) than those with early-onset enterococcal sepsis, and in most the infections were characterized by a nosocomial orig ... | 1990 | 2104974 |
| characterization of a class of nonformylated enterococcus faecalis-derived neutrophil chemotactic peptides: the sex pheromones. | bacteria produce a heterogeneous mixture of neutrophil chemotactic agents in culture filtrates. formylmethionyl peptides have been shown to comprise a significant portion of the chemotactic activity in bacterial culture filtrates; however, not all of the chemotactic agents in bacterial culture filtrates are formylated peptides. to examine whether nonformylated peptides derived from bacteria could act as chemotactic agents, we studied several nonformylated hepta- and octapeptide enterococcus faec ... | 1990 | 2104986 |
| successful prophylaxis of experimental streptococcal endocarditis with single-dose amoxicillin administered after bacterial challenge. | rats with catheter-induced aortic vegetations were challenged intravenously with various inoculum sizes of tolerant streptococcus sanguis or streptococcus faecalis. single-dose amoxicillin (40 mg/kg) was given intravenously either 30 min before or 30-240 min after bacterial challenge. prophylaxis of endocarditis against both strains was successful when the inocula used for challenge were in the range of the minimum inoculum producing bacterial endocarditis in 90% of control animals (id90) but wa ... | 1990 | 2105361 |
| the evaluation of urine ph in screening for asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnancy. | the purpose of this prospective investigation was to determine whether an alteration in urine ph, either by itself or in combination with other rapid screening tests, could be used to identify asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnant women. clean catch urine specimen was used to evaluate 510 asymptomatic obstetric patients. urine specimens were tested for ph, leukocyte esterase activity, and the presence of nitrites. the ph, leukocyte esterase activity, and nitrite reaction were evaluated singly and ... | 1990 | 2106648 |