| increased proportions of bifidobacterium and the lactobacillus group and loss of butyrate-producing bacteria in inflammatory bowel disease. | dysbiosis in the intestinal microbiota of persons with inflammatory bowel disease (ibd) has been described, but there are still varied reports on changes in the abundance of bifidobacterium and lactobacillus organisms in patients with ibd. the aim of this investigation was to compare the compositions of mucosa-associated and fecal bacteria in patients with ibd and in healthy controls (hcs). fecal and biopsy samples from 21 hcs, 21 and 15 crohn's disease (cd) patients, and 34 and 29 ulcerative co ... | 2014 | 24478468 |
| the commensal bacterium faecalibacterium prausnitzii is protective in dnbs-induced chronic moderate and severe colitis models. | the abundance of faecalibacterium prausnitzii, an abundant and representative bacterium of firmicutes phylum, has consistently been observed to be lower in patients with crohn's disease than in healthy individuals. we have shown that both f. prausnitzii and its culture supernatant (sn) have anti-inflammatory and protective effects in a tnbs-induced acute colitis mouse model. here, we tested the effects of both f. prausnitzii and its sn in moderate and severe dnbs-induced chronic colitis mouse mo ... | 2014 | 24418903 |
| altered intestinal microbiota and blood t cell phenotype are shared by patients with crohn's disease and their unaffected siblings. | crohn's disease (cd) is associated with intestinal dysbiosis, altered blood t cell populations, elevated faecal calprotectin (fc) and increased intestinal permeability (ip). cd-associated features present in siblings (increased risk of cd) but not in healthy controls, provide insight into early cd pathogenesis. we aimed to (1) delineate the genetic, immune and microbiological profile of patients with cd, their siblings and controls and (2) determine which factors discriminate between groups. | 2014 | 24398881 |
| effects of short chain fatty acid producing bacteria on epigenetic regulation of ffar3 in type 2 diabetes and obesity. | the human gut microbiota and microbial influences on lipid and glucose metabolism, satiety, and chronic low-grade inflammation are known to be involved in metabolic syndrome. fermentation end products, especially short chain fatty acids, are believed to engage the epigenetic regulation of inflammatory reactions via ffars (free fatty acid receptor) and other short chain fatty acid receptors. we studied a potential interaction of the microbiota with epigenetic regulation in obese and type 2 diabet ... | 2014 | 24325907 |
| the abundance of fecal faecalibacterium prausnitzii in relation to obesity and gender in chinese adults. | the influence of gender and obesity on the abundance of human colonic feacalibacterium prausnitzii is currently unclear. we collected fecal samples from 54 obese and 54 sex- and age-matched normal-weight chinese adults and quantified the fecal f. prausnitzii as percentage of 16s rrna gene copies of f. prausnitzii accounting to that of total gut bacteria with quantitative pcr. the fecal f. prausnitzii amount was not significantly different between obese and lean subjects. men possessed significan ... | 2014 | 24292154 |
| additional oligofructose/inulin does not increase faecal bifidobacteria in critically ill patients receiving enteral nutrition: a randomised controlled trial. | patients with diarrhoea during enteral nutrition (en) have been shown to have low faecal bifidobacteria concentrations. oligofructose/inulin selectively stimulate the growth of bifidobacteria in healthy humans. this study investigates the effect of additional oligofructose/inulin on the gastrointestinal microbiota, short-chain fatty acids (scfa) and faecal output in patients receiving en. | 2014 | 24290345 |
| resistant starch induces catabolic but suppresses immune and cell division pathways and changes the microbiome in the proximal colon of male pigs. | consumption of resistant starch (rs) has been associated with various intestinal health benefits, but knowledge of its effects on global gene expression in the colon is limited. the main objective of the current study was to identify genes affected by rs in the proximal colon to infer which biologic pathways were modulated. ten 17-wk-old male pigs, fitted with a cannula in the proximal colon for repeated collection of tissue biopsy samples and luminal content, were fed a digestible starch (ds) d ... | 2013 | 24132577 |
| a decrease of the butyrate-producing species roseburia hominis and faecalibacterium prausnitzii defines dysbiosis in patients with ulcerative colitis. | bacteria play an important role in the onset and perpetuation of intestinal inflammation in inflammatory bowel disease (ibd). unlike in crohn's disease (cd), in which dysbiosis has been better characterised, in ulcerative colitis (uc), only small cohorts have been studied and showed conflicting data. therefore, we evaluated in a large cohort if the microbial signature described in cd is also present in uc, and if we could characterise predominant dysbiosis in uc. to assess the functional impact ... | 2014 | 24021287 |
| human gut microbiota changes reveal the progression of glucose intolerance. | to explore the relationship of gut microbiota with the development of type 2 diabetes (t2dm), we analyzed 121 subjects who were divided into 3 groups based on their glucose intolerance status: normal glucose tolerance (ngt; n = 44), prediabetes (pre-dm; n = 64), or newly diagnosed t2dm (n = 13). gut microbiota characterizations were determined with 16s rdna-based high-throughput sequencing. t2dm-related dysbiosis was observed, including the separation of microbial communities and a change of alp ... | 2013 | 24013136 |
| commentary: is faecalibacterium prausnitzii a potential treatment for maintaining remission in ulcerative colitis? | | 2013 | 23937459 |
| prebiotic stimulation of human colonic butyrate-producing bacteria and bifidobacteria, in vitro. | dietary macronutrients affect the composition of the gut microbiota, and prebiotics are used to improve and maintain a healthy gut. the impact of prebiotics on dominant gut bacteria other than bifidobacteria, however, is under-researched. here, we report carbohydrate utilisation patterns for representative butyrate-producing anaerobes, belonging to the gram-positive firmicutes families lachnospiraceae and ruminococcaceae, by comparison with selected bacteroides and bifidobacterium species. growt ... | 2014 | 23909466 |
| faecalibacterium prausnitzii and human intestinal health. | faecalibacterium prausnitzii is the most abundant bacterium in the human intestinal microbiota of healthy adults, representing more than 5% of the total bacterial population. over the past five years, an increasing number of studies have clearly described the importance of this highly metabolically active commensal bacterium as a component of the healthy human microbiota. changes in the abundance of f. prausnitzii have been linked to dysbiosis in several human disorders. administration of f. pra ... | 2013 | 23831042 |
| faecalibacterium prausnitzii and crohn's disease - is there any connection? | the aim of the study was evaluation of the correlation between the level of clinical activity of crohn's disease (cd) and the number of faecalibacterium prausnitzii, total number of bacteria and the concentration of selected short chain fatty acids (scfa) in stool. 34 individuals diagnosed with crohn's disease participated in this study in 2011. the disease activity was determined according to the crohn disease activity index (cdai). the number of faecalibacterium prausnitzii and total number of ... | 2013 | 23829084 |
| intestinal microbiota: a source of novel biomarkers in inflammatory bowel diseases? | the human intestine harbours a complex microbial ecosystem that performs manifold functions important to the nutrition and health of its host. extensive study has revealed that the composition of the intestinal microbiota is altered in individuals with inflammatory bowel disease (ibd). the ibd associated intestinal microbiota generally has reduced species richness and diversity, lower temporal stability, and disruption of the secreted mucus layer structure. multiple studies have identified certa ... | 2013 | 23768552 |
| colonisation by faecalibacterium prausnitzii and maintenance of clinical remission in patients with ulcerative colitis. | although incrimination of the intestinal microbiota in the pathogenesis of ibd is widely accepted, few data are available about the role of specific bacteria. potentially, faecalibacterium prausnitzii, bacteria with anti-inflammatory properties, might be deficient in ulcerative colitis (uc). | 2013 | 23725320 |
| fecal microbial diversity in pre-weaned dairy calves as described by pyrosequencing of metagenomic 16s rdna. associations of faecalibacterium species with health and growth. | in this study, we use barcoded pyrosequencing of the 16s rrna gene to characterize the fecal microbiota of neonatal calves and identify possible relationships of certain microbiota profiles with health and weight gain. fecal samples were obtained weekly from 61 calves from birth until weaning (seventh week of the calves' life). firmicutes was the most prevalent phylum, with a prevalence ranging from 63.84% to 81.90%, followed by bacteroidetes (8.36% to 23.93%), proteobacteria (3.72% to 9.75%), f ... | 2013 | 23646192 |
| the more the merrier: faecalibacterium prausnitzii in crohn's disease. | | 2013 | 23614339 |
| effect of lactobacillus salivarius ls-33 on fecal microbiota in obese adolescents. | this study is a part of the clinical trials with probiotic bacterium lactobacillus salivarius ls-33 conducted in obese adolescents. previously reported clinical studies showed no effect of ls-33 consumption on the metabolic syndrome in the subject group. the aim of the study was to investigate the impact of l. salivarius ls-33 on fecal microbiota in obese adolescents. | 2013 | 23510724 |
| clostridium leptum group bacteria abundance and diversity in the fecal microbiota of patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a case-control study in india. | alterations in the fecal bacterial flora occur in inflammatory bowel disease (ibd). we examined the abundance and diversity of clostridium leptum group, an important group of carbohydrate-fermenting bacteria, in the feces of patients with ibd and compared them with healthy controls. | 2013 | 23351032 |
| in vitro fermentation of commercial α-gluco-oligosaccharide by faecal microbiota from lean and obese human subjects. | the fermentation selectivity of a commercial source of a-gluco-oligosaccharides (bioecolians; solabia) was investigated in vitro. fermentation by faecal bacteria from four lean and four obese healthy adults was determined in anaerobic, ph-controlled faecal batch cultures. inulin was used as a positive prebiotic control. samples were obtained at 0, 10, 24 and 36 h for bacterial enumeration by fluorescent in situ hybridisation and scfa analyses. gas production during fermentation was investigated ... | 2013 | 23116939 |
| microbiota of de-novo pediatric ibd: increased faecalibacterium prausnitzii and reduced bacterial diversity in crohn's but not in ulcerative colitis. | the gastrointestinal microbiota is considered important in inflammatory bowel disease (ibd) pathogenesis. discoveries from established disease cohorts report reduced bacterial diversity, changes in bacterial composition, and a protective role for faecalibacterium prausnitzii in crohn's disease (cd). the majority of studies to date are however potentially confounded by the effect of treatment and a reliance on established rather than de-novo disease. | 2012 | 23044767 |
| inflammatory bowel diseases phenotype, c. difficile and nod2 genotype are associated with shifts in human ileum associated microbial composition. | we tested the hypothesis that crohn's disease (cd)-related genetic polymorphisms involved in host innate immunity are associated with shifts in human ileum-associated microbial composition in a cross-sectional analysis of human ileal samples. sanger sequencing of the bacterial 16s ribosomal rna (rrna) gene and 454 sequencing of 16s rrna gene hypervariable regions (v1-v3 and v3-v5), were conducted on macroscopically disease-unaffected ileal biopsies collected from 52 ileal cd, 58 ulcerative colit ... | 2012 | 22719818 |
| unbalance of intestinal microbiota in atopic children. | playing a strategic role in the host immune function, the intestinal microbiota has been recently hypothesized to be involved in the etiology of atopy. in order to investigate the gastrointestinal microbial ecology of atopic disease, here we performed a pilot comparative molecular analysis of the faecal microbiota in atopic children and healthy controls. | 2012 | 22672413 |
| 454 pyrosequencing reveals a shift in fecal microbiota of healthy adult men consuming polydextrose or soluble corn fiber. | the relative contribution of novel fibers such as polydextrose and soluble corn fiber (scf) to the human gut microbiome and its association with host physiology has not been well studied. this study was conducted to test the impact of polydextrose and scf on the composition of the human gut microbiota using 454 pyrosequencing and to identify associations among fecal microbiota and fermentative end-products. healthy adult men (n = 20) with a mean dietary fiber (df) intake of 14 g/d were enrolled ... | 2012 | 22649263 |
| how can faecalibacterium prausnitzii employ riboflavin for extracellular electron transfer? | faecalibacterium prausnitzii is one of the most abundant commensal microbes in the human gut. it is an important supplier of butyrate to the colonic epithelium, and low numbers of faecalibacteria have been associated with severe inflammatory bowel disease. previous studies revealed that f. prausnitzii shuttles electrons extracellularly to oxygen in systems containing flavins and thiols. since this electron shuttling to oxygen strongly stimulates growth, the present studies were aimed at elucidat ... | 2012 | 22607129 |
| the type and quantity of dietary fat and carbohydrate alter faecal microbiome and short-chain fatty acid excretion in a metabolic syndrome 'at-risk' population. | an obese-type human microbiota with an increased firmicutes:bacteroidetes ratio has been described that may link the gut microbiome with obesity and metabolic syndrome (mets) development. dietary fat and carbohydrate are modifiable risk factors that may impact on mets by altering the human microbiome composition. we determined the effect of the amount and type of dietary fat and carbohydrate on faecal bacteria and short chain fatty acid (scfa) concentrations in people 'at risk' of mets. | 2013 | 22410962 |
| the gut anaerobe faecalibacterium prausnitzii uses an extracellular electron shuttle to grow at oxic-anoxic interphases. | faecalibacterium prausnitzii is one of the most abundant bacteria in the human gut ecosystem and it is an important supplier of butyrate to the colonic epithelium. low numbers of faecalibacteria have been associated with inflammatory bowel disease. despite being extremely oxygen sensitive, f. prausnitzii is found adherent to the gut mucosa where oxygen diffuses from epithelial cells. this paradox is now explained on the basis of gas tube experiments, flavin-dependent reduction of 5,5'-dithiobis- ... | 2012 | 22357539 |
| changes of gut bacteria and immune parameters in liver transplant recipients. | liver transplantation is one of the most effective therapeutic options for patients with end-stage liver diseases, and gut microbiota is actively involved in potential infections in pretransplant and posttransplant patients. however, the diversity of gut microbiota and its relationship with the immune parameter of liver transplantation recipients are not well understood. | 2012 | 22251469 |