| bacteriology of anal fistulae. | anal fistulae are said to arise from cryptoglandular infection of the anal glands, which lie within the intersphincteric space. the type and virulence of the micro-organism responsible may determine whether an anal fistula develops. the microbiology of chronic anal fistulae has not been reported previously. twenty-five consecutive anal fistulae were studied prospectively (eight intersphincteric fistulae, 12 trans-sphincteric fistulae, two suprasphincteric fistulae, one extrasphincteric fistula, ... | 1992 | 1737267 |
| multicentre study on antibiotic susceptibilities of anaerobic bacteria to cefoperazone-sulbactam and other antimicrobial agents. | the antibiotic susceptibilities of 241 anaerobic bacteria recovered from six geographic sites in north america were tested by agar dilution to cefoperazone-sulbactam and other drugs. of the 189 bacteroides fragilis group isolates, only one was resistant to cefoperazone-sulbactam (0.5%) or ampicillin-sulbactam (0.5%), and none was resistant to ticarcillin-clavulanate or chloramphenicol. no resistance to cefoperazone-sulbactam was observed among the other bacteroides spp., clostridium spp., or pep ... | 1992 | 1737725 |
| ampicillin-sulbactam and ticarcillin-clavulanic acid: a comparison of their in vitro activity and review of their clinical efficacy. | sulbactam (sb) and clavulanic acid (ca) are irreversible inhibitors of the beta-lactamases in the richmond and sykes classes ii-vi. when combined with ampicillin and ticarcillin, sb and ca, respectively, extend the spectrum of activity of these penicillins to include some beta-lactamase-producing aerobes (enterobacteriaceae, hemophilus influenzae, staphylococci) and anaerobes (bacteroides fragilis group) which would otherwise be resistant. neither effectively inhibits the class i beta-lactamases ... | 1991 | 1745624 |
| adjunctive antimicrobials in surgery of soft tissue infections: evaluation of cephalosporins and carbapenems. | the authors report three trials of b-lactams and carbapenems for soft tissue infections treated on a surgical service: 1) cefmetazole versus cefoperazone, n = 44; 2) cefotetan versus cefoxitin, n = 24; and 3) meropenem versus imipenem, n = 44. a total of 138 hospitalized patients were enrolled with 112 meeting evaluability criteria. four hundred twenty-three isolates were cultured (mean, three/patient) of which 67 per cent were aerobes and 33 per cent anaerobes. cure rates for each trial were: 1 ... | 1991 | 1746792 |
| in vitro activity of the novel cephalosporin gr69153. | the in vitro activity of gr69153 was compared to that of ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, imipenem and gentamicin against a total of 702 recent clinical isolates. mics were determined by a standard agar dilution procedure and two inocula (10(4) and 10(8) cfu) were used throughout. gr69153 inhibited 90% of isolates of escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumonia and proteus mirabilis at less than or equal to 0.25 mg/l and 90% of isolates of pseudomonas aeruginosa at less than or equal to 1 mg/l. citrobacter f ... | 1991 | 1748126 |
| [fever and splenic space-occupying lesion in a diabetic]. | | 1991 | 1748351 |
| bacteriology of diabetic foot ulcers. | seventy five diabetic foot ulcers were cultured using optimal aerobic and anaerobic microbiologic techniques. there were a total of 223 isolates (162 aerobes and 61 anaerobes) representing an average of 2.97 bacterial species per specimen. mixed organisms were the most common isolates. staphylococcus aureus was the commonest isolate being recovered in 60% of cases. anaerobic organisms were isolated in 46 patients (61.33%) and the most frequent anaerobe isolated was bacteroides fragilis. the othe ... | 1991 | 1752646 |
| comparative study of pharmacokinetics and serum bactericidal activity of ceftizoxime and cefotaxime. | single 2-g intravenous doses of ceftizoxime (czx) and cefotaxime (ctx) were given over 30 min to 10 adult volunteers in a crossover manner on two separate occasions. concentrations of czx, ctx, and the primary metabolite of ctx, desacetylcefotaxime (dctx), in serum, suction-induced-blister fluid, and urine were determined by high-pressure liquid chromatography. pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated by using an extended least-squares modeling program (mkmodel). czx exhibited a half-life in se ... | 1991 | 1759827 |
| beta-lactamase produced by a highly beta-lactam-resistant strain of bacteroides fragilis: an obstacle to the chemotherapy of experimental mixed infections. | a strain of bacteroides fragilis, which produces a metallo-beta-lactamase, was inoculated into pouches on the backs of rats together with a beta-lactamase-negative escherichia coli highly sensitive to beta-lactam antibiotics. the mixed infection rat pouch model was treated with either flomoxef (susceptible to hydrolysis by the beta-lactamase produced by b. fragilis), or cefmetazole (relatively resistant to hydrolysis). in this model of mixed infection flomoxef showed weak in-vivo activity agains ... | 1991 | 1761449 |
| the role of beta-lactamase-producing bacteria in obstetrical and gynecological infections. | pelvic inflammatory disease (pid) is a polymicrobial infection that evolves multiple aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. several of the bacterial pathogens that participate in pid can produce the enzyme beta lactamase. these include bacteroides species (including bacteroides bivius, bacteroides disiens, and bacteroides fragilis group), neisseria gonorrheae, enterobacteriaceae and staphylococcus aureus. a recent increase in numbers of beta-lactamase-producing strains of these organisms in pid has bee ... | 1991 | 1765319 |
| [surgical treatment of acute bacteroid purulent cholangitis]. | the results of treatment of 40 patients with acute purulent cholangitis developed against the background of choledocholithiasis are presented. bacteroid of the kind b. fragilis (67.5% of cases), fusobacterium, lactobacillus sp. (30%) are the leading etiological factor of cholangitis. the indications for external and internal drainage of the bile ducts are substantiated. the ineffectiveness of internal drainage in this disease is demonstrated. | 1991 | 1766182 |
| phylogeny and molecular epidemiology of sporothrix schenckii in japan. | mitochondrial dna(mtdna) diversity was investigated in 257 clinical isolants of sporothrix schenckii obtained from 4 districts in japan. s. schenckii was classified into 10 types based on hae iii restriction profiles. phylogeny of types constructed by the method of fitch and margoliash [1] on the estimated sequence divergence within mtdna using the methods of nei and li [2], showed that s. schenckii are grouped into 2 clusters, one group consisting of types 1, 2 and 3, and the other group consis ... | 1991 | 1766461 |
| recent developments in the treatment of sexually transmitted diseases. | recent changes in the treatment of sexually transmitted diseases include recognition of penicillin-resistant neisseria gonorrhoeae, identification of chlamydia trachomatis as the leading cause of bacterial genital infection in the united states, and the realization that the urethritis syndrome is often associated with multiple pathogens. there is currently no monotherapy that eradicates all std pathogens. the role of fluoroquinolones in the treatment of stds is still evolving. the investigationa ... | 1991 | 1767802 |
| anaerobic osteomyelitis--treatment with metronidazole in an experimental rabbit model. | anaerobic micro-organisms are important agents in chronic bone infections. their pathogenic role, however, is still unclear partly because of methodological reasons. in this paper an experimental model of osteomyelitis is used for studies of metronidazole treatment of bone infections induced by bacteroides fragilis. the proximal tibial metaphyses of ten new zealand white rabbits were excavated and filled with sheets of polyvinyl alcohol, into which a suspension of b. fragilis cells was injected ... | 1991 | 1769317 |
| effect of ferric and ferrous iron chelators on growth of bacteroides fragilis under anaerobic conditions. | growth of bacteroides fragilis under anaerobic conditions in the presence of either haemin or protoporphyrin ix was inhibited by the ferrous iron chelator bipyridyl. the ferric-iron chelator desferrioxamine inhibited growth in the presence of protoporphyrin but not haemin, suggesting that even under anaerobic conditions fe3+ is involved in uptake of non-haem iron, which is required in the absence of haemin. however, the ferric iron chelators 1,2-dimethyl-3-hydroxy-pyrid-4-one (l1) and pyridoxal ... | 1991 | 1769555 |
| lack of standardization of in-vitro susceptibility testing of the bacteroides fragilis group to amoxycillin-clavulanic acid. | | 1991 | 1769936 |
| lactate dehydrogenase activity as a cause of metronidazole resistance in bacteroides fragilis nctc 11295. | enzymes acting on pyruvate as a parameter of the atp regeneration system were studied as a cause of metronidazole resistance in bacteroides fragilis nctc 11295. the resistant strain had higher lactate dehydrogenase activity and produced more lactate than susceptible strains, suggesting that the enzyme is more active in lactic acid fermentation. furthermore, the reaction catalysed by lactate dehydrogenase occurred up to 48 mg/l metronidazole, whereas the reaction catalysed by pyruvate: ferredoxin ... | 1991 | 1769942 |
| comparative susceptibility of cefminox and cefoxitin to beta-lactamases of bacteroides spp. | the susceptibility of the new cephamycin antibiotic, cefminox, to hydrolysis by various types of beta-lactamase produced by organisms of the bacteroides fragilis group was compared with that of cefoxitin. several enzymes were able to achieve complete hydrolysis of both drugs during overnight incubation, but no marked difference between the rates of inactivation of cefminox and cefoxitin was observed. susceptibility of the cephamycins to crude extracts of beta-lactamases from the test strains of ... | 1991 | 1769943 |
| enterovirulence of enterotoxigenic bacteroides fragilis in gnotobiotic pigs. | a porcine isolate of enterotoxigenic bacteroides fragilis colonized the intestinal tract and caused watery, nonhemorrhagic diarrhea when given orally to 12, 1- to 2-day-old gnotobiotic pigs. diarrhea occurred 2 to 3 days post-inoculation and continued throughout the 4 to 6 day post-inoculation period. diarrheic pigs became mildly anorexic and dehydrated. they developed intestinal lesions characterized by swelling, vacuolation, and exfoliation of enterocytes, and crypt hyperplasia throughout the ... | 1991 | 1771741 |
| the role of midline ventral medullary structures in generation of respiratory motor high frequency oscillations. | lesions 1-2 mm deep in the midline of the ventral medulla (vm) abolished high frequency oscillations (hfo) in the respiratory motor output in cat and rabbit. raising arterial pco2 increased phrenic nerve activity to its prelesion level but did not restore hfo. we conclude that the neuronal pathways crossing the midline of the vm are crucial for reinforcement of respiratory activity and hfo generation. | 1991 | 1773351 |
| the anti-tachycardic mechanism of a direct-acting vasodilator, budralazine, in rats. | the present study was undertaken to elucidate the anti-tachycardic effect of a direct-acting vasodilator, budralazine, using an electrophysiological technique. normotensive male wistar rats were used. rats were anesthetized intraperitoneally with urethane and alpha-chloralose. intravenous administration of budralazine (0.5-5.0 mg/kg) produced a dose-dependent reduction of mean arterial pressure in anesthetized rats. at doses of 0.5 and 1.0 mg/kg, budralazine induced bradycardia accompanied with ... | 1991 | 1773498 |
| mosaic trisomy 8 associated with jejunal duplication. | | 1991 | 1773546 |
| thermogenic and hormonal responses to palatable protein and carbohydrate rich food. | simultaneous variations of oxygen consumption, and plasma insulin and norepinephrine were measured during the postprandial cephalic and gastrointestinal phases of feeding in six human subjects following the ingestion of various nutrients. on alternative days the subjects were given foods (1280 kjoules) either rich in carbohydrates (sugar pie) or in proteins (fish). both nutrients produced an initial (0-40 min) enhanced thermogenesis and an early (2 min) cephalic insulin release. during that peri ... | 1991 | 1774019 |
| experimental sinusitis in rabbits induced by aerobic and anaerobic bacteria: models for research in sinusitis. | experimental acute sinusitis can be induced in new zealand white rabbits by streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 3, or the anaerobe bacteroides fragilis, after blocking of the sinus ostium. histological examination of the sinus mucosa in both models reveals edema, dilated venules, leukocytic infiltration, goblet cell formation, as well as localized epithelial lesions. in comparison the bacteroides sinusitis enhances a more pronounced and long-lasting tissue reaction, including periosteal thickening ... | 1991 | 1774791 |
| [effects of non-clostridial anaerobic infection on the course of chronic pulmonary tuberculosis in experimental animals]. | influence of non-clostridial anaerobic infection on the course of chronic pulmonary tuberculosis caused by intrapleural administration of bcg used in a vaseline-lanolin mixture was studied experimentally on guinea pigs. administration of bacteroides fragilis in the presence of a mild tuberculous inflammation aggravates the course of a specific process promoting pleural empyema development, increase in the size of pulmonary granuloma, extension of pathologic changes into the parenchymatous organs ... | 1991 | 1775466 |
| in vitro susceptibility vs. in vivo efficacy of various antimicrobial agents against the bacteroides fragilis group. | in vitro susceptibility testing is only one step in the evaluation of the potential efficacy of antimicrobial agents against the bacteroides fragilis group. an assessment of in vivo efficacy, with a consideration of the factors that can best be studied in an infected host, is also an integral part of this process. abscess models in rodents have been used to correlate in vitro activity with in vivo efficacy against this group of microorganisms. for metronidazole, clindamycin, moxalactam, and cefo ... | 1991 | 1775850 |
| calcium-dependent and calcium-independent protease activities in skeletal muscle during sepsis. | sepsis was produced in rats by implanting into their abdominal cavities fecal pellets containing escherichia coli (10(2) colony-forming units [cfu]) and bacteroides fragilis (10(4) cfu). control rats were implanted with sterile pellets. a febrile response and hyperlactacidemia marked the onset of the septic injury. control and septic rats were killed 24 and 48 hr after implantations, and posterior leg muscles were removed. muscles were homogenized to prepare soluble fractions containing calcium- ... | 1991 | 1777946 |
| bactericidal activity of ceftizoxime, cefotetan, and clindamycin against cefoxitin-resistant strains of the bacteroides fragilis group. | the bactericidal activity of ceftizoxime, cefotetan, and clindamycin at 0.5 x mic, 1 x mic, and 4 x mic was determined by killing kinetic studies for 12 cefoxitin-resistant strains of the bacteroides fragilis group. ceftizoxime and clindamycin had greater bactericidal activity than cefotetan. the degree of bactericidal activity of each compound increased as the concentration increased from subinhibitory (0.5 x mic) to suprainhibitory concentrations (4 x mic). comparison of the bactericidal activ ... | 1991 | 1778873 |
| a comparative study of the activity of first and second generation cephalosporins and their combinations with beta-lactamase inhibitors against bacteroides fragilis. | the sensitivity of 160 strains of bacteroides fragilis, 74 beta-lactamase-positive and 86 negative, to two first generation and four second generation cephalosporins, alone and in combination with clavulanic acid and sulbactam, was investigated. for the susceptibility test the dilution method in agar was used. the detection of beta-lactamase production by this micro-organism was performed by means of the method using chromogenic cephalosporin of nitrocefin. in both strains an important improveme ... | 1991 | 1779879 |
| salmonella enterica subspecies diarizonae bacteremia in an infant with enteritis--a case report. | the septicemia caused by the arizona group organism is rare and usually observed in adults with underlying diseases. in korea, salmonella infection is common, but a report of arizona infection is unknown. we isolated s. entercia subsp. diarizonae from blood of a 6-month-old infant. the serovar was determined as 28:z10:-, a rare one in america. the isolate was susceptible to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, cotrimoxazole and others. the patient rapidly recovered with ampicillin and gentamicin therapy ... | 1991 | 1781188 |
| salmonella enterica subspecies diarizonae bacteremia in an infant with enteritis--a case report. | the septicemia caused by the arizona group organism is rare and usually observed in adults with underlying diseases. in korea, salmonella infection is common, but a report of arizona infection is unknown. we isolated s. entercia subsp. diarizonae from blood of a 6-month-old infant. the serovar was determined as 28:z10:-, a rare one in america. the isolate was susceptible to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, cotrimoxazole and others. the patient rapidly recovered with ampicillin and gentamicin therapy ... | 1991 | 1781188 |
| [the effect of sulbactam on the in vitro activity of mezlocillin, piperacillin and cefotaxime]. | the in vitro activity of mezlocillin (mzl, cas 51481-65-3), piperacillin (pip, cas 61477-96-1) and cefotaxim (ctx, cas 63527-52-6) alone and in combination with sulbactam (sbt; cas 68373-14-8) against mezlocillin-resistant pathogens was determined in a multicenter study. a total of 870 strains were investigated (481 enterobacteriaceae, 57 pseudomonas aeruginos, 41 acinetobaster spp., 194 bacteroides fragilis, and 97 staphylococcus spp.). determinations of mic were performed according to din-guid ... | 1991 | 1781806 |
| [bacteriological studies on pharyngeal and tracheal colonization in patients of operations and patients in icu]. | bacterial colonization of the pharynx before and one week after operation, and contamination of the trachea during intubation in 7 patients who underwent operations were investigated. and bacterial colonization of pharynx, tracheas, and mechanical-ventilators in 7 icu patients was investigated. flora of palms of 10 icu personnel was also examined: 1) oral bacteria began to be found in the trachea several hours after intubation. 2) in oropharyngeal flora, one week after operation, neisseria and a ... | 1991 | 1783808 |
| research note: feed restriction in broiler breeders causes a persistent elevation in corticosterone secretion that is modulated by dietary tryptophan. | the corticosterone response of immature broiler breeder males to feed restriction and the administration of increased levels of dietary trp was investigated. corticosterone levels were significantly (p less than .01) higher in birds placed on a skip-a-day (sd) feed restriction regimen from 4 to 15 wk of age than in birds fed an ad libitum intake. elevated levels in sd birds persisted for the duration of the study. levels were also higher in sd birds on those days on which feed was withheld (feed ... | 1991 | 1784577 |
| [reactivation of hepatitis b virus in chronic carriers with anti-hbe]. | thirty-eight hepatitis b virus (hbv) carriers, aghbs and anti-hbe positive, with histologic diagnosis of chronic hepatitis have been periodically revised for three years. three of them were homosexuals. fourteen patients presented reactivation of viral replication characterized by the appearance in serum of hbv-dna and an increase in transaminase levels. only 7/27 (26%) presented spontaneous reactivation in contrast with 7/11 (64%) patients who had been treated with immunosuppression (p less tha ... | 1991 | 1784780 |
| [determination and comparison of beta-glucuronidase activity among strains of b. fragilis and e. coli]. | we determined and compared the beta-glucuronidase (beta-g) activity among strains of b. fragilis and e. coli under the optimum condition. results showed that the mean beta-g activity of strain b. fragilis atcc25285 was 94.7u. b. fragilis atcc25285 strain was selected as the model strain to establish the animal model of bilirubin gallstones because its beta-g activity was obviously higher than that of b. fragilis cdc14462 and e. coli 3362 (o157k88) strain. | 1991 | 1786964 |
| calculated empiric antimicrobial therapy for mixed surgical infections. | in acute life-threatening surgical infections requiring immediate institution of antimicrobial therapy before bacteriological results are available, antibiotic treatment must be empiric. for best efficacy a more sophisticated form of empiric therapy is offered, termed calculated antibiotic therapy (cat). calculated antibiotic therapy requires consideration of a) typical bacterial spectrum; b) bacterial pathogenicity and synergism; c) antibacterial concentrations at the site of infection; d) toxi ... | 1991 | 1791081 |
| immunogenicity of a polypeptide fragment of the streptococcal group a m protein conjugated with an acrylic acid n-vinylpyrrolidone copolymer. | immunization of animals with a polypeptide fragment of the streptococcal group a m protein (pep m) conjugated with a synthetic copolymer caused a significant increase in the titres of bactericidal type-specific antibodies. in some cases bactericidal antibodies to streptococci of other types were also induced. | 1991 | 1797145 |
| immunogenicity of a polypeptide fragment of the streptococcal group a m protein conjugated with an acrylic acid n-vinylpyrrolidone copolymer. | immunization of animals with a polypeptide fragment of the streptococcal group a m protein (pep m) conjugated with a synthetic copolymer caused a significant increase in the titres of bactericidal type-specific antibodies. in some cases bactericidal antibodies to streptococci of other types were also induced. | 1991 | 1797145 |
| effect of testosterone on the pressor response to common carotid occlusion in gonadectomized conscious male rats with lesion of the median eminence. | the influence of testosterone on the development of the pressor response to common carotid occlusion was investigated in control and median eminence-lesioned male rats. in control rats (n = 9), gonadectomy performed 21 days before the experiments reduced by 22% (from 51 +/- 2 to 40 +/- 2 mmhg) and treatment with testosterone (300 micrograms for 4 days before the measurements) increased the initial peak pressor response (from 51 +/- 2 to 57 +/- 2 mmhg) which depends on carotid innervation. the ma ... | 1991 | 1797293 |
| effect of testosterone on the pressor response to common carotid occlusion in gonadectomized conscious male rats with lesion of the median eminence. | the influence of testosterone on the development of the pressor response to common carotid occlusion was investigated in control and median eminence-lesioned male rats. in control rats (n = 9), gonadectomy performed 21 days before the experiments reduced by 22% (from 51 +/- 2 to 40 +/- 2 mmhg) and treatment with testosterone (300 micrograms for 4 days before the measurements) increased the initial peak pressor response (from 51 +/- 2 to 57 +/- 2 mmhg) which depends on carotid innervation. the ma ... | 1991 | 1797293 |
| comparison of the bactericidal activity of clindamycin and metronidazole against cefoxitin-susceptible and cefoxitin-resistant isolates of the bacteroides fragilis group. | time-kill kinetic methodology was used to evaluate the bactericidal activity of cefoxitin, cefotetan, clindamycin, and metronidizole against cefoxitin-susceptible and cefoxitin-resistant isolates of the bacteroides fragilis group. overall, metronidazole was the most bactericidal agent, with all isolates being killed with less than or equal to 4 micrograms/ml at 24 hr. clindamycin was the next most bactericidal agent, with 20 of 26 isolates being killed with less than 16 micrograms/ml. six isolat ... | 1991 | 1797454 |
| in vitro activity evaluations of cefdinir (fk482, ci-983, and pd134393). a novel orally administered cephalosporin. | cefdinir, a so-called third-generation oral cephalosporin was tested in vitro against over 700 pathogens from patients with bacteremia. cefdinir was very active against the enterobacteriaceae with a 50% minimum inhibitory concentration (mic50) value range of less than or equal to 0.03-8 micrograms/ml. the enteric species having the highest mic90s (greater than or equal to 16 micrograms/ml) were citrobacter freundii, and the enterobacters, morganella morganii, proteus vulgaris, and serratia marce ... | 1991 | 1797457 |
| a further polymorphism of the gd locus for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase present among blacks (nigerians) and apparently absent among caucasoids: the quantitative isoelectrophoretic variation of the gd+ allele. | a structural but isoelectrophoretic moderate variation of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (g6pd) activity is common among nigerians (a black population exposed to a long-lasting intense plasmodium falciparum malarial endemia). it had never even been searched for among caucasoids and mongoloids. in the present work, we attempted to ascertain whether this polymorphism exists among caucasoids. with this purpose, two caucasoid male populations were studied: sardinians and romans, who respectively ... | 1991 | 1797629 |
| [susceptibilities of clinical bacterial isolates to antimicrobial agents, 1989. a study mainly focused on imipenem. the research group for testing imipenem susceptibilities of clinical isolates]. | we investigated susceptibilities of clinical bacterial isolates to imipenem (ipm) and other antimicrobial agents at hospital laboratories throughout japan from september to december of 1989. the susceptibility testing was carried out according to the 1-dilution or 3-dilution disc technique in which susceptibilities are classified into 4 grades: (+++), (++), (+) and (-). ipm showed markedly high in vitro activities against streptococcus pneumoniae, neisseria gonorrhoeae, moraxella catarrhalis, es ... | 1991 | 1798067 |
| evaluation of cephalosporins/cephamycins with antianaerobic activity by integrating microbiologic and pharmacokinetic properties. | when evaluating antimicrobial agents, in vitro microbiologic activity and pharmacokinetics are important factors, but these data are usually not assessed simultaneously. the purpose of the study was to compare cefoxitin, cefotetan, ceftizoxime, cefotaxime (ct), desacetylcefotaxime (dact), and ct/dact (1:1 ratio) by integrating their microbiologic activity against clinical isolates of bacteroides fragilis with their pharmacokinetic properties. minimal inhibitory concentrations (mic) were determin ... | 1991 | 1799917 |
| comparative in vitro activity of cefpodoxime against anaerobes other than bacteroides fragilis. | to assess the in vitro activity of cefpodoxime against anaerobic respiratory tract and oropharyngeal pathogens 77 strains belonging to 18 gram-negative and 7 gram-positive species were studied by means of agar dilution tests. for comparison cefuroxime, amoxicillin, amoxicillin + clavulanic acid and clindamycin were also tested. cefpodoxime was found to be active at concentrations of less than or equal to 0.125 mg/l against prevotella oralis, prevotella buccalis, prevotella bivia, porphyromonas a ... | 1991 | 1800380 |
| comparison of the e test (pdm epsilometer) and broth microdilution susceptibility tests for members of the bacteroides fragilis group. | the e test, a quantitative disk diffusion susceptibility test, was compared with the national committee for clinical laboratory standards (nccls) standardized broth microdilution (bmd) test. a total of 101 isolates in the bacteroides fragilis group were tested against five antibiotics: cefoxitin, cefotaxime, clindamycin, imipenem, and piperacillin. an agreement of 85%-87% was observed between the e and bmd tests for cefotaxime and clindamycin, 74%-75% for piperacillin and imipenem, and 65% for c ... | 1991 | 1802537 |
| susceptibility of anaerobic bacteria isolated from intra-abdominal infections to ofloxacin and interaction of ofloxacin with metronidazole. | the in vitro activities of ofloxacin alone and in combination with metronidazole against 177 anaerobic bacteria isolated from intra-abdominal infections, as determined by broth microdilution, showed that some bacteroides fragilis strains were susceptible and that most other b. fragilis group species strains were resistant to ofloxacin. isolates of other anaerobic species and genera, including those causing female genital tract disease, were generally susceptible to ofloxacin. ofloxacin in combin ... | 1991 | 1804024 |
| [unusual presenting form of carcinoma of the colon: gluteal abscess]. | | 1991 | 1805898 |
| [structure of an escherichia coli bacterial suspension]. | the structure of bacterial suspensions of escherichia coli m-17 at the counting concentrations of the cells 10(7), 10(8), 10(9) i/ml and in the temperature range of (18-50) degrees c has been investigated by means of orientational conductometric, electron microscopic and uv-spectroscopic methods. on the basis of experimental relationships of the anisotropy of suspensions electric conductivity upon the intensity of a sinusoidal electric field and relaxation of anisotropy after switching off the f ... | 1991 | 1809382 |
| pharmacokinetics and tissue penetration of a single 1,000-milligram, intravenous dose of metronidazole for antibiotic prophylaxis of colorectal surgery. | the levels of metronidazole in serum and tissue penetration of metronidazole were studied after prophylactic administration in 11 patients undergoing elective colorectal surgery. a single dose of 1,000 mg given intravenously was administered before surgery. adequate drug levels in serum (greater than or equal to mic for 90% of strains tested [mic90] for bacteroides fragilis) were found in all patients throughout the procedure. mean peak (15-min) and last-determined (24-h) metronidazole levels in ... | 1991 | 1810194 |
| [the effect of experimental alcoholism in rats on the structure and regenerative potentials of the myocardium and liver in newborn rats of the immediate generation]. | | 1991 | 1810505 |
| [a comparative study of bacteroides fragilis and e. coli related to the pathogenesis of calcium bilirubinate gallstones]. | a comparative study of bacteroides fragilis and e. coli bacterial infection in the biliary tract in relation to the pathogenesis of pigment stone formation was carried out on the basis of gallstone rabbit's model of anaerobic bacterial infection. one hundred and twenty japanese hybrid big-ear white rabbits were randomly divided into four groups: 14 in control group, 31 in b. fragilis (bf) group, 42 in e. coli group and 33 in the mixed group. in the experimental groups we successfully made gallst ... | 1991 | 1814825 |
| [the sensitivity of anaerobic bacteria to chemotherapeutic agents (zurich, 1991)]. | there have been numerous reports on resistance of anaerobic bacteria against antimicrobial agents. therefore, to assess the situation in zurich, 187 anaerobic strains of various bacterial genera, isolated from clinical specimens during winter 1990/91, were tested for their susceptibility to antimicrobial agents active against anaerobic bacteria. besides the bacteroides fragilis group, which is naturally resistant against penicillin, 30% of isolates of other bacteroides species were also resistan ... | 1991 | 1815309 |
| design of site-specific protein drugs. | the ability to clone and express proteins at high levels of abundance and purity has led to their increasing consideration as therapeutic agents. the use of various protein engineering and recombinant dna techniques has enabled progression to where proteins can be tailored so that they have not only the ability to interact with a unique (extra)cellular component in order to produce a pharmacological effect, but their structure can be altered so as to achieve a selective biological disposition. t ... | 1991 | 1815386 |
| serum antibody response to bacteroides fragilis in experimental sinusitis. | maxillary sinusitis was induced in new zealand white rabbits by local inoculation of 10(6) colony-forming units of bacteroides fragilis nctc 9343, and the serum igg, iga and igm antibody responses to cell wall antigens were studied. prior to inoculation, and one, two, three and four weeks after induction, serum samples were obtained and analysed for antibodies to the lipopolysaccharide and the capsular polysaccharide. capsular polysaccharide from b. fragilis atcc 23745 was used as control. the r ... | 1991 | 1816114 |
| effect of metronidazole on surface properties of bacteroides fragilis. | the effects of subinhibitory concentrations of metronidazole on the general morphology, ultrastructure and charge and hydrophobicity of bacteroides fragilis were investigated using transmission and scanning electron microscopy, and measurements of zeta-potentials and contact angles. metronidazole treatment induced morphological alterations in b. fragilis. cells became filamentous and showed a significant loss of cytoplasm. the surface anionogenicity and hydrophobicity of b. fragilis were enhance ... | 1991 | 1816180 |
| susceptibilities of anaerobic gram-negative bacilli to thirteen antimicrobials and beta-lactamase inhibitor combinations. | thirteen antimicrobial agents and beta-lactamase inhibitor combinations were tested simultaneously for their in-vitro activity against a range of anaerobic gram-negative bacilli with a standard reference agar dilution method. overall, metronidazole, imipenem, ampicillin/sulbactam, ticarcillin/clavulanic acid and cefoperazone/sulbactam, followed by clindamycin, cefoxitin, and piperacillin, had the greatest activity. cefotetan, ceftizoxime, and cefoperazone were moderately active, while ampicillin ... | 1991 | 1816182 |
| formation of nitrogen-containing metabolites from geniposide and gardenoside by human intestinal bacteria. | during the course of our studies on the metabolism of iridoid glycosides by human intestinal bacteria, we found that geniposide (1) and gardenoside (4) were transformed to new nitrogen-containing compounds, genipinine (3) and gardenine (6), respectively, along with the known aglycones. although the amounts of new metabolites were somewhat lower than those of the aglycones, they were quantitatively analyzed by means of liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (lc/ms). of 25 strains of human intest ... | 1991 | 1818345 |
| antibacterial activities of amoxicillin alone and in combination with clavulanic acid correlated with beta-lactamase production. | amoxicillin, a beta-lactam antibiotic, was tested for its effect in combination with clavulanic acid, a beta-lactamase inhibitor, against 9 species of bacteria isolated from clinical specimens. a total of 698 strains of bacteria were tested for beta-lactamase production by the rapid chromogenic cephalosporin method. their susceptibilities to amoxicillin alone and in combination with clavulanic acid were tested by the agar dilution method. the percentage of beta-lactamase producing strains ranged ... | 1991 | 1818798 |
| detection of bacteroides fragilis group by immunofluorescence. | the following strains: b. fragilis subspecies thetaiotaomicron (a); b. fragilis subspecies fragilis strain e-1, e-2, m, st., se., ni., 8, 16; b. fragilis subspecies distasonis 145 (d) were serologically studied by immunofluorescence as compared to agglutination. anti-b. fragilis sera titration by immunofluorescence (if) reaction, as compared to agglutination reaction in tube, was more sensitive (2-16 times higher titers), specific and reproducible. among the organisms from b. fragilis group, spe ... | 1991 | 1820192 |
| local beneficial effect of coumarin in experimental peritonitis. | coumarin, a potent immune stimulant and macrophage activator, has been used to treat brucellosis and as an immune suppressor. the effect of coumarin and systemic antibiotics on septicaemia, survival and peritoneal contamination in experimental peritonitis was assessed. four groups of male sprague-dawley rats were inoculated with clostridium perfringens, escherichia coli and bacteroides fragilis. group a received saline alone, group b received coumarin alone, group c received antibiotics (clindam ... | 1991 | 1824392 |
| activities of two new teicoplanin amide derivatives (mdl 62211 and mdl 62873) compared with activities of teicoplanin and vancomycin against 800 recent staphylococcal isolates from france and the united states. | mdl 62211 is the amide derivative of the teicoplanin complex and mdl 62873 is a more focused amide derivative of the teicoplanin a2-2 peak. each investigational compound had nearly identical activity and was 2- to 16-fold more active than teicoplanin or vancomycin. the mdl 62873 mics for 90% of the strains tested were as follows: staphylococcus aureus, oxacillin susceptible, 0.12 micrograms/ml; s. aureus, oxacillin resistant, 0.25 micrograms/ml; coagulase-negative staphylococci (cns), oxacillin ... | 1991 | 1828137 |
| antipyretic actions of human recombinant lipocortin-1. | the effect of human recombinant lipocortin-1 (hrlc-1) on the pyrogenic actions of the synthetic polyribonucleotide polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly i:c) has been studied in conscious rabbits. poly i:c (2.5 micrograms kg-1) given i.v. produced a biphasic fever with a first peak after 90-105 min and a second peak between 225-240 min. hrlc-1 (50 micrograms kg-1) given i.v. simultaneously with the poly i:c produced a significant reduction in the febrile response but without complete suppression ... | 1991 | 1828384 |
| antipyretic actions of human recombinant lipocortin-1. | the effect of human recombinant lipocortin-1 (hrlc-1) on the pyrogenic actions of the synthetic polyribonucleotide polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly i:c) has been studied in conscious rabbits. poly i:c (2.5 micrograms kg-1) given i.v. produced a biphasic fever with a first peak after 90-105 min and a second peak between 225-240 min. hrlc-1 (50 micrograms kg-1) given i.v. simultaneously with the poly i:c produced a significant reduction in the febrile response but without complete suppression ... | 1991 | 1828384 |
| [bacteriological aspects of acute cholangitis with gallstones]. | the bacteria found in the bile and blood of 45 patients (27 men, 18 women; mean age 69 years) suffering from acute cholangitis with gallstones were studied in order to determine the appropriate antibiotic therapy. before any antibiotic was prescribed, a series of haemocultures was performed under aerobic and anaerobic conditions, and later gallbladder bile samples were taken during the operation. blood cultures were positive in 55 percent of the cases and bile cultures in 84 percent. the bacteri ... | 1991 | 1828581 |
| effects of thymoxamine on corneal endothelium. | we have investigated the effects of 0.02 and 0.2% thymoxamine hydrochloride on the isolated rabbit corneal endothelium. the corneal swelling rate, measured by specular microscopy, indicated that 0.02% thymoxamine caused a swelling rate equal to controls while a 0.2% concentration caused a significantly increased swelling rate (34.1 vs 10.3 microns/h; p less than 0.05). the data suggests that the maximum recommended intracameral concentration of thymoxamine be 0.02% in order to allow a 10-fold sa ... | 1991 | 1828696 |
| in vitro activity against aerobes and anaerobes of trospectomycin versus spectinomycin. | the general antibacterial properties of trospectomycin (tro) were compared with those of spectinomycin (spec) in an in vitro study using a collection of recent clinical isolates: 50 gram-positive and 25 gram-negative aerobes and 30 gram-positive and 15 gram-negative anaerobes. minimum inhibitory concentrations (mic) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (mbc) were determined for all strains by microtitre using serial dilutions in mueller-hinton broth for aerobes and brucella broth for anaerobe ... | 1991 | 1830841 |
| in vitro antibacterial activity of trospectomycin (u-63,366f) against anaerobic bacteria and aerobic gram-positive cocci in chile. | the in vitro activity of trospectomycin sulfate was compared with those of several antimicrobials, against 301 anaerobic bacteria and 613 aerobic gram-positive cocci. trospectomycin was about 4- to 32-fold more active than was spectinomycin. trospectomycin exhibited consistently good activity against all bacteroides fragilis group isolates, except bacteroides vulgatus, and against all other anaerobes comparable or higher to that of clindamycin. the trospectomycin's activity was most similar to t ... | 1991 | 1832369 |
| human serum contains a novel beta 1,6-n-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity that is involved in midchain branching of oligo (n-acetyllactosaminoglycans). | incubation of udp-glcnac and radiolabeled glcnac beta 1-3gal beta 1-4glcnac beta 1-3gal beta 1-4glcnac (1) with human serum resulted in the formation of the branched hexasaccharide glcnac beta 1-3gal beta 1-4glcnac beta 1-3(glcnac beta 1-6)gal beta 1-4glcnac (2) in yields of up to 22.2%. the novel reaction represents midchain branching of the linear acceptor; the previously known branching reactions of oligo-(n-acetyllactosaminoglycans) involve the nonreducing end of the growing saccharide chain ... | 1991 | 1832557 |
| single mid-chain glcnac beta 1-6gal beta 1-4r sequences of linear oligosaccharides are resistant to endo-beta-galactosidase of bacteroides fragilis. | endo-beta-galactosidase (ec 3.2.1.103) of bacteroides fragilis, at 250 mu ml-1, did not cleave the internal galactosidic linkage of the linear radiolabelled trisaccharide glcnac beta 1-6gal beta 1-4glcnac, or those of tetrasaccharides gal beta 1-4glcnac beta 1-6gal beta 1-4glcnac and gal beta 1-4glcnac beta 1-6gal beta 1-4glc. the isomeric glycans which contained the glcnac beta 1-3gal beta 1-4glcnac/glc sequence were readily cleaved. | 1991 | 1841679 |
| [bacteriology of abdominal pus in 43 cases of acute appendicitis and appendiceal abscess at the ivrea-castellamonte hospital, isolation of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria and drug sensitivity]. | a retrospective study on the microbiology of abdominal pus from acute appendicitis or peritonitis was carried out by the authors. a total of 45 specimens were examined, 38 of them (84.4%) where found to be positive, of which 29 (76.3%) were polymicrobial and 9 (23.7%) were monomicrobial. the most represented species were escherichia coli (28.4%), bacteroides fragilis (7.8%), streptococcus milleri (7.8%), bacteroides oralis (3.9%) and pseudomonas aeruginosa (3.9%). the polymicrobial associations ... | 1991 | 1844922 |
| diacylglycerol-protein kinase c signalling in skeletal muscle: a possible link to insulin resistance. | | 1991 | 1845146 |
| structural characterization of two surface polysaccharides of bacteroides fragilis. | | 1991 | 1845153 |
| evidence that a novel tetracycline resistance gene found on two bacteroides transposons encodes an nadp-requiring oxidoreductase. | two transposons, tn4351 and tn4400, which were originally isolated from the obligate anaerobe bacteroides fragilis, carry a tetracycline resistance (tcr) gene that confers resistance only on aerobically grown escherichia coli. this aerobic tcr gene, designated tetx, has been shown previously to act by chemically modifying tetracycline in a reaction that appears to require oxygen. we have now obtained the dna sequence of tetx and 0.6 kb of its upstream region from tn4400. analysis of the dna sequ ... | 1991 | 1846135 |
| cyclic amp-elevating agents block chemoattractant activation of diradylglycerol generation by inhibiting phospholipase d activation. | agents which elevate cellular camp (prostaglandin e2, theophylline, and forskolin) or mimic camp action (dibutyryl camp) are known to inhibit human neutrophil activation (superoxide generation and secretion) by receptor-linked agonists such as formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fmlp). herein, we show that these agents also markedly inhibit fmlp-stimulated diradylglycerol generation (assayed by mass methods). the magnitude of inhibition correlated with the ability of a given agent or combinat ... | 1991 | 1847376 |
| in vitro evaluation of gr69153, a novel catechol-substituted cephalosporin. | gr69153 is a c-7 catechol cephalosporin with a broad spectrum of activity against members of the family enterobacteriaceae (mics for 50% of strains tested [mic50s], 0.008 to 0.5 micrograms/ml), staphylococcus aureus (mic50, 4 micrograms/ml), pseudomonas aeruginosa (mic50, 0.25 micrograms/ml), haemophilus influenzae (mic50, 0.03 micrograms/ml), neisseria gonorrhoeae (mic50, 0.03 micrograms/ml), and acinetobacter spp. (mic50, 2 micrograms/ml). potent gr69153 activity was also demonstrated against ... | 1991 | 1854174 |
| management of infected aortoiliac aneurysms. | a 30-year retrospective review identified 13 patients treated for infected aneurysms of the abdominal aorta or iliac arteries, for an overall incidence of 0.65%. a constellation of clinical findings led to the correct preoperative diagnosis in 11 (85%) of 13 patients. treatment methods included resection and in situ replacement grafting in seven patients, resection and extra-anatomic bypass in five patients, and resection-ligation in one patient. four (31%) of 13 patients died within 30 days of ... | 1991 | 1854247 |
| [fever, pain in the right leg and an abdominal mass]. | | 1991 | 1854839 |
| immunofluorescent study on the interaction between collagen and calcium oxalate crystals in the renal tubules. | the interaction of calcium oxalate crystals and renal tubular cells was studied. rat renal collecting tubular cells were cultured and immunologically stained with anti-type-iv collagen antiserum (type-iv collagen exists in renal tubular basement membrane). when renal tubular cells and calcium oxalate crystals were mixed, clumps were formed. these clumps were examined by immunological staining with anti-type-iv collagen antiserum. in another series of experiments, calcium-containing crystals were ... | 1991 | 1855532 |
| rapid identification of clinically important bacteroides by coagglutination method. | a coagglutination technique using indigenous reagents was applied for the rapid identification of bacteroides fragilis and the black pigmented bacteroides group, using colony suspensions. all the 58 strains of b. fragilis and 42 strains of black pigmented bacteroides tested could be correctly identified by this method. the specificity of the coagglutination reagent was confirmed by the absence of cross reactivity with the related species of bacteroides, viz., b. distasonis, b. ovatus, b. vulgatu ... | 1991 | 1855827 |
| bacterial formation of n-nitroso compounds in the rat stomach after omeprazole-induced achlorhydria. | n-nitrosamine formation by bacteria in the achlorhydric stomach has been proposed as an important factor in the development of gastric cancer. thus, the effect of the presence of bacteria in the stomach on endogenous nitrosation was investigated in rats given omeprazole (an inhibitor of gastric h+, k((+)-atpase) which reduces gastric secretion sufficiently to allow survival of a bacterial suspension of escherichia coli or pseudomonas. when rats were given both thiazolidine 4-carboxylic acid and ... | 1991 | 1855848 |
| the dynamics of intraperitoneal growth and elimination of escherichia coli and bacteroides fragilis in porcine faecal peritonitis treated with fosfomycin. | the kinetics of intraperitoneal killing of proliferating bacteria was studied in pigs given fosfomycin. eight animals were given intra-abdominal injection of escherichia coli and bacteroides fragilis (10(9) cfu of each species) mixed in sterile faces. three hours later, half of the animals received an intravenous dose of 1 g fosfomycin (0.05 g/kg). host defences rapidly decreased the density of e. coli in all animals in the first hour. after 2h, growth of e. coli started and continued throughout ... | 1991 | 1856131 |
| the aeromonas hydrophila cpha gene: molecular heterogeneity among class b metallo-beta-lactamases. | an aeromonas hydrophila gene, named cpha, coding for a carbapenem-hydrolyzing metallo-beta-lactamase, was cloned in escherichia coli by screening an aeromonas genomic library for clones able to grow on imipenem-containing medium. from sequencing data, the cloned cpha gene appeared able to code for a polypeptide of 254 amino acids whose sequence includes a potential n-terminal leader sequence for targeting the protein to the periplasmic space. these data were in agreement with the molecular mass ... | 1991 | 1856163 |
| stabilization of drug resistance (chloroquine and amodiaquine) of plasmodium falciparum in semiimmune populations in the congo. | | 1991 | 1856500 |
| inactivation of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) by low ph and pepsin. | | 1991 | 1856798 |
| inactivation of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) by low ph and pepsin. | | 1991 | 1856798 |
| prostaglandin production by amnion and decidual cells in response to bacterial products. | media from bacterial cultures have been tested for actions on prostaglandin biosynthesis by human amnion and decidual cells. the bacterial species, which are commonly associated with intrauterine infections, were group b streptococcus, escherichia coli, fusobacterium nucleatum, bacteroides fragilis, gardnerella vaginalis, neisseria gonorrhea, mycoplasma hominis and ureaplasma urealyticum. overall, low doses of bacterial products were stimulatory of amnion prostaglandin production, whereas high d ... | 1991 | 1857723 |
| anaerobic vertebral osteomyelitis. | | 1991 | 1860103 |
| [tetracycline resistance in oral microorganisms in patients with periodontal disease]. | several longitudinal studies have shown that periodontal treatment consisting of surgical and/or nonsurgical debridement of the teeth often is sufficient to prevent continued attachment loss when the patients' oral hygiene measures are good. nevertheless, some patients will, in spite of excellent oral hygiene measures, continue to show attachment loss. the treatment of these patients has mainly been empirical, and the clinicians have used different kinds of antibiotics for different time interva ... | 1991 | 1861963 |
| [evolution of the sensitivity of bacteroides group fragilis at the sevilla university hospital (1983-1987)]. | the evolution of antimicrobial susceptibility of bacteroides fragilis over a five year period is described. we have studied 30 selected strains isolated each year at the university hospital of sevilla (total: 150 strains). we did not find any resistant strain to chloramphenicol, metronidazole or imipenem. resistance to piperacillin (8%) and cefoxitin (13%) remain constant over the study period. resistance to cefmetazole, cefotaxime, mezlocillin, ofloxacin, clindamycin and moxalactam ranges from ... | 1991 | 1863620 |
| [antimicrobial activity of ornidazole and 6 other antibiotics against anaerobic bacteria]. | the antimicrobial susceptibility of 235 anaerobic bacterial strains to ornidazole, metronidazole, chloramphenicol, clindamycin, penicillin, cefoxitin and imipenem has been studied using agar-dilution technique. ornidazole and metronidazole were active against 88.6% and 86% of gram-positive cocci. overall, 99.1% of bacteroides group fragilis, and 91.3% of non-fragilis bacteroides were also sensitive to both drugs. we did not find any clostridium perfringens resistant strain. cefoxitin and penicil ... | 1991 | 1863621 |
| newly documented antimicrobial activity of quinolones. | the improved antimicrobial activity of newer fluoroquinolones and novel applications recently found for the drugs already marketed are reviewed. several new compounds are more active against gram-positive bacteria than the presently marketed fluoroquinolones. win 57273, the most potent compound in vitro on a weight basis, is 16 to 128 times more active than ciprofloxacin against various staphylococci, streptococci, enterococcus spp., corynebacterium spp., listeria monocytogenes and bacillus spp. ... | 1991 | 1864284 |
| synergy and antagonism of combinations with quinolones. | combinations of fluoroquinolones with other antimicrobial agents have been extensively investigated. combinations of fluoroquinolones with aminoglycosides, beta-lactams, imidazoles, macrolides and clindamycin infrequently show synergy against enterobacteriaceae and gram-positive bacteria. these combinations rarely show antagonism. combinations of rifampin with fluoroquinolones tested against staphylococcus aureus have been reported to show synergy and antagonism, and in vitro results have not co ... | 1991 | 1864285 |
| analysis of carbohydrates in human lens epithelium by high performance liquid chromatography of nitrobenzoate derivatives. | | 1991 | 1868884 |
| epidermal growth factor receptor-negative tumors are predominantly confined to the subgroup of estradiol receptor-positive human primary breast cancers. | a total of 725 human primary breast tumor biopsy samples were analyzed for epidermal growth factor receptor (egfr) content, using a multiple-point egfr assay standardized in accordance with the recommendations of the european organization for research and treatment of cancer receptor study group. after the establishment of a lower cell membrane protein threshold of 0.2 mg of membrane protein per ml of assay buffer, the results of 27% (194 samples) of the egfr determinations were excluded from th ... | 1991 | 1873798 |
| a study of the antigenic composition of the fragilis group of bacteroides. | representative strains of 22 serotypes of the fragilis group of bacteroides and four non-fragilis control strains of b. melaninogenicus, b. disiens, b. bivius and fusobacterium nucleatum were tested by sds-page and immunoblotting with hyperimmune rabbit sera. sds-page showed 25 polypeptide bands but, after immunoblotting, 24 antigenic bands were observed in various combinations in all the strains. three of these were detected only in the control strains, whereas six others were present in differ ... | 1991 | 1875392 |
| high risk of squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix for women with hla-dqw3. | many immune responses are controlled by genes of the major histocompatibility complex (mhc). in man these include the loci encoding the hla-a, -b, -c, -dr, -dq and -dp antigens, and many diseases have been linked with these. but attempts to identify hla genes in man that might explain why an immune response against malignant tumours should be ineffective have so far been disappointing, apart from the association reported between the hla-dr1 antigen and a susceptibility to a rare carcinoma of the ... | 1991 | 1876187 |
| the microflora of the lower respiratory tract of the horse: an autopsy study. | a series of 31 thoroughbreds and 18 non-thoroughbreds was examined post mortem to assess what bacteria might be present in the lower respiratory tract, and to assess their significance by correlating the bacteriological findings with histological changes in the lung. the distal trachea and seven representative lung sites were swabbed in each case. sixty-six per cent of the sites were sterile with remaining sites producing scanty growths of mainly coagulase negative staphylococcus spp., e. coli, ... | 1991 | 1878768 |