Publications

occurrence of virulence-associated properties in enterobacter cloacae.	enterobacter cloacae is not a primary human pathogen but has been considered to be an important cause of nosocomial infections. even so, there are almost no reports on its ability to produce recognized virulence-associated properties. in this study, we show that most of the e. cloacae strains examined were resistant to serum bactericidal activity and were able to produce aerobactin and mannose-sensitive hemagglutinin, and all of them could adhere to and invade hep-2 cells. since e. cloacae is pa ...	1998	9453621
alanine catabolism in klebsiella aerogenes: molecular characterization of the dadab operon and its regulation by the nitrogen assimilation control protein.	klebsiella aerogenes strains with reduced levels of d-amino acid dehydrogenase not only fail to use alanine as a growth substrate but also become sensitive to alanine in minimal media supplemented with glucose and ammonium. the inability of these mutant strains to catabolize the alanine provided in the medium interferes with both pathways of glutamate production. alanine derepresses the nitrogen regulatory system (ntr), which in turn represses glutamate dehydrogenase, one pathway of glutamate pr ...	1998	9457858
genetic analysis, using p22 challenge phage, of the nitrogen activator protein dna-binding site in the klebsiella aerogenes put operon.	the nac gene product is a lysr regulatory protein required for nitrogen regulation of several operons from klebsiella aerogenes and escherichia coli. we used p22 challenge phage carrying the put control region from k. aerogenes to identify the nucleotide residues important for nitrogen assimilation control protein (nac) binding in vivo. mutations in an asymmetric 30-bp region prevented dna binding by nac. gel retardation experiments confirmed that nac specifically binds to this sequence in vitro ...	1998	9457859
two roles for the dna recognition site of the klebsiella aerogenes nitrogen assimilation control protein.	the nitrogen assimilation control protein (nac) binds to a site within the promoter region of the histidine utilization operon (hutuh) of klebsiella aerogenes, and nac bound at this site activates transcription of hutuh. this nac-binding site was characterized by a combination of random and directed dna mutagenesis. mutations that abolished or diminished in vivo transcriptional activation by nac were found to lie within a 15-bp region contained within the 26-bp region protected by nac from dnase ...	1998	9457860
clinical disorders in armadillos (dasypodidae, edentata) in captivity.	the major health problems found in 113 armadillos are presented and correlated with management in captivity. the most common of 217 recorded clinical disorders involved injury (28.5%), digestive system (17.9%), respiratory system (15.2%), nutritional deficiency (13.3%), skin problems (3.6%), septicaemia (1.8%), nervous system (1.3%), urinary system (0.9%) and effects of environmental (0.9%), with 14.7% of the cases inconclusive. internal parasites were identified in 42.0% of faeces samples, main ...	1997	9467299
reductive and hydrolytic activities of enteric bacteria on food colours.	reductive and hydrolytic activities on two food colours namely metanil yellow and indigo carmine by different strains of enteric bacteria were evaluated. enteric bacteria possessed both reductive and hydrolytic capabilities which depended upon the incubation period and the type of strain. in certain bacterial strains, (escherichia coli and vibrio sp.), reductive activity was visible after 3 hr. other enteric strains showed an increasing activity right from the beginning of incubation. enterobact ...	1997	9475071
the nac (nitrogen assimilation control) gene from escherichia coli.	the nitrogen assimilation control gene, nac, was detected in escherichia coli but not in salmonella typhimurium by southern blotting, using a probe from the klebsiella aerogenes nac (nack) gene. the e. coli nac gene (nace) was isolated from a cosmid clone by complementation of a nac mutation in k. aerogenes. nace was fully functional in this complementation assay. dna sequence analysis showed considerable divergence between nace and nack, with a predicted amino acid sequence identity of only 79% ...	1998	9495755
nasfed proteins mediate assimilatory nitrate and nitrite transport in klebsiella oxytoca (pneumoniae) m5al.	klebsiella oxytoca can use nitrate and nitrite as sole nitrogen sources. the enzymes required for nitrate and nitrite assimilation are encoded by the nasfedcba operon. we report here the complete nasfed sequence. sequence comparisons indicate that the nasfed genes encode components of a conventional periplasmic binding protein-dependent transport system consisting of a periplasmic binding protein (nasf), a homodimeric intrinsic membrane protein (nase), and a homodimeric atp-binding cassette (abc ...	1998	9495773
plasmid-mediated resistance to expanded-spectrum cephalosporins among enterobacter aerogenes strains.	resistance to expanded-spectrum cephalosporins commonly develops in enterobacter aerogenes during therapy due to selection of mutants producing high levels of the chromosomal bush group 1 beta-lactamase. recently, resistant strains producing plasmid-mediated extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (esbls) have been isolated as well. a study was designed to investigate esbl production among 31 clinical isolates of e. aerogenes from richmond, va., with decreased susceptibility to expanded-spectrum cepha ...	1998	9517938
[occurrence and susceptibility of hospital strains producing enzymes with a wide spectrum of substrate profiles].	in connection with more and more frequent occurrence of extended spectrum beta-lactamases an effort has been made to detect their presence in the biological materials coming from the patients of different wards of mining hospital in sosnowiec from january to september 1995. among 38 diagnostic materials, from which the strains in question were isolated, the following materials have been examined: bronchial lavage (52.6%), surgical wounds (18.4%), urines (15.8%) and others (13.2%). the examined d ...	1997	9523463
characterisation of the urease gene cluster in bordetella bronchiseptica.	bordetella bronchiseptica is a common ureolytic mammalian respiratory pathogen. the urease operon of this organism is encoded within an 8.9 kb dna fragment which contains the structural genes (urea, ureb and urec) and accessory genes (ured and ureg) homologous to other urease genes. uniquely, the uree and uref genes are fused to form a hybrid protein, ureef, which may result in tighter coordination of the putative functions of the individual accessory genes, nickel donation to the urease active ...	1998	9524276
occurrence of homologs of the escherichia coli lytb gene in gram-negative bacterial species.	the escherichia coli lytb protein regulates the activity of guanosine 3',5'-bispyrophosphate synthetase i (rela). a southern blot analysis of chromosomal dna with the e. coli lytb gene as a probe revealed the presence of lytb homologs in all of the gram-negative bacterial species examined but not in gram-positive species. the lytb homologs from enterobacter aerogenes and pseudomonas fluorescens complemented the e. coli lytb44 mutant allele.	1998	9537400
amino acid decarboxylase capability of microorganisms isolated in spanish fermented meat products.	enterobacteria, lactic acid bacteria (lab) and gram-positive cocci were isolated from spanish meat products. the most frequent species in the meat products studied were identified as lactobacillus sake, lactobacillus plantarum and lactobacillus curvatus from de man-rogosa-sharpe agar; staphylococcus xylosus, staphylococcus saprophyticus and micrococcus varians from mannitol salt phenol-red agar; and hafnia alvei, escherichia coli, pseudomonas fluorescens, enterobacter amnigenes and enterobacter ...	1998	9553801
chemical rescue of klebsiella aerogenes urease variants lacking the carbamylated-lysine nickel ligand.	klebsiella aerogenes urease possesses a dinuclear metallocenter in which two nickel atoms are bridged by carbamylated lys217. to assess whether carbamate-specific chemistry is required for urease activity, site-directed mutagenesis and chemical rescue strategies were combined in efforts to place a carboxylate group at the location of this metal ligand. urease variants with lys217 replaced by glu, cys, and ala (k217e, k217c/c319a, and k217a proteins) were purified, shown to be activated by incuba ...	1998	9558361
phylogenetic relationships of salmonella based on dna sequence comparison of atpd encoding the beta subunit of atp synthase.	dna sequences covering 57% of atpd encoding the beta subunit of atp synthase were determined for 16 strains of salmonella enterica, two strains of s. bongori, and one strain each of citrobacter freundii and yersinia enterocolitica, and comparison was made with the published escherichia coli and enterobacter aerogenes sequences. the phylogenetic tree based on maximum-likelihood analysis showed separation of the subspecies of s. enterica except for two serotypes of subspecies ii which were unsuppo ...	1998	9561735
a mixed culture recovery method indicates that enteric bacteria do not enter the viable but nonculturable state.	a new method, called the mixed culture recovery (mcr) method, has been developed to determine whether recovery of culturable bacterial cells from a population of largely nonculturable cells is due to resuscitation of the nonculturable cells from a viable but nonculturable state or simply to growth of residual culturable cells. the mcr method addresses this issue in that it involves the mixing of two easily distinguishable strains (e.g., lactose positive and negative) in such a way that large num ...	1998	9572945
chromosomally encoded ampc-type beta-lactamase in a clinical isolate of proteus mirabilis.	a clinical strain of proteus mirabilis (cf09) isolated from urine specimens of a patient displayed resistance to amoxicillin (mic >4,096 microg/ml), ticarcillin (4,096 microg/ml), cefoxitin (64 microg/ml), cefotaxime (256 microg/ml), and ceftazidime (128 microg/ml) and required an elevated mic of aztreonam (4 microg/ml). clavulanic acid did not act synergistically with cephalosporins. two beta-lactamases with apparent pis of 5.6 and 9.0 were identified by isoelectric focusing on a gel. substrate ...	1998	9593136
[bacteremia after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography with and without therapeutic procedure: frequency, associated factors and clinical significance].	to determine the frequency, associate factors and clinical features of bacteremia in patients undergoing endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ercp), with or without therapeutic procedures.	1997	9595746
comparison of in vitro activity of trovafloxacin against gram-positive and gram-negative organisms with quinolones and beta-lactam antimicrobial agents.	the in vitro activity of trovafloxacin against 721 gram-negative and 498 gram-positive organisms was determined by the standard microdilution broth method using commercially prepared frozen microtiter plates. the activity of trovafloxacin was compared to ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, amoxicillin/clavulanate, ampicillin/sulbactam (1:1), piperacillin/tazobactam, ceftriaxone, and imipenem. trovafloxacin had equal or greater activity compared with the other agents tested against citrobacter diversus, en ...	1998	9597391
isolation, characterization, molecular gene cloning, and sequencing of a novel phytase from bacillus subtilis.	the bacillus subtilis strain vtt e-68013 was chosen for purification and characterization of its excreted phytase. purified enzyme had maximal phytase activity at ph 7 and 55 degrees c. isolated enzyme required calcium for its activity and/or stability and was readily inhibited by edta. the enzyme proved to be highly specific since, of the substrates tested, only phytate, adp, and atp were hydrolyzed (100, 75, and 50% of the relative activity, respectively). the phytase gene (phyc) was cloned fr ...	1998	9603817
cometabolism of 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethylene by pseudomonas acidovorans m3gy grown on biphenyl.	1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethylene (dde), a toxic breakdown product of 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethane (ddt), has traditionally been viewed as a dead-end metabolite: there are no published reports detailing enzymatic ring fission of dde by bacteria in either soil or pure culture. in this study, we investigated the ability of pseudomonas acidovorans m3gy to transform dde and its unchlorinated analog, 1,1-diphenylethylene (dpe). while strain m3gy could grow on dpe, cells gr ...	1998	9603826
coliforms and salmonella in seawater near to domestic sewage sources in fortaleza (ceará, brazil).	the bacteriological conditions of the coastal region of fortaleza (ceará, brasil), including the coastal zones of the ceará and cocó rivers, were examined. the study was conducted during june, september and december 1993, and march 1994. the region was divided into two areas: (i) direct influence area (dia), consisting of 20 sampling stations located near to discharge zones of the submarine pipeline system, where collections were carried out at the surface, and (ii) indirect influence area (iia) ...	1997	9608520
tungiasis among five communities in south-western trinidad, west indies.	the prevalences of tunga penetrans linn. within the five townships of granville, fullerton, icacos, coromandel and cedros in south-western trinidad, west indies, as determined by physical examination of all inhabitants present during the survey, were 17.0% (38/223 subjects), 15.7% (36/237), 31.4% (102/325), 17.4% (42/242) and 17.9% (50/280), respectively. the rate in icacos was significantly higher than in the other four sites (p < 0.001). not only were males more likely to be infected than fema ...	1998	9614460
sequence comparison of the ecohk31i and eaei restriction-modification systems suggests an intergenic transfer of genetic material.	the genes coding for the ecohk31i and eaei restriction-modification (r-m) systems from escherichia coli strain hk31 and enterobacter aerogenes, respectively, have been cloned and sequenced. both enases recognize and cleave y/ggccr leaving 4 nucleotide 5'-protruding ends, while the mtases modify the internal cytosine. the systems were isolated on a 2.3kb asei fragment for ecohk31i, and a 4.6 kb hindiii fragment for eaei. the r and m genes of both systems converge and overlap by 14 nucleotides. pr ...	1998	9628335
glutamate biosynthesis in lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis ncdo 2118	unlike other lactic acid bacteria, lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis ncdo 2118 was able to grow in a medium lacking glutamate and the amino acids of the glutamate family. growth in such a medium proceeded after a lag phase of about 2 days and with a reduced growth rate (0.11 h-1) compared to that in the reference medium containing glutamate (0.16 h-1). the enzymatic studies showed that a phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase activity was present, while the malic enzyme and the enzymes of the glyoxylic ...	1998	9647819
phne and glpt genes enhance utilization of organophosphates in escherichia coli k-12.	wild-type escherichia coli k-12 strain ja221 grows poorly on low concentrations (< or = 1 mm) of diisopropyl fluorophosphate and its hydrolysis product, diisopropyl phosphate (dipp), as sole phosphorus sources. spontaneous organophosphate utilization (opu) mutants were isolated that efficiently utilized these alternate sources of phosphate. a genomic library was constructed from one such opu mutant, and two genes were isolated that conferred the opu phenotype to strain ja221 upon transformation. ...	1998	9647836
molecular epidemiological study of nosocomial enterobacter aerogenes isolates in a belgian hospital.	in 1995, the rate of isolation of enterobacter aerogenes in the saint-pierre university hospital in brussels, belgium, was higher than that in the preceding years. a total of 45 nosocomial e. aerogenes strains were collected from 33 patients of different units during that year, and they were isolated from 19 respiratory specimens, 13 pus specimens, 7 blood specimens, 4 urinary specimens, 1 catheter specimen, and 1 heparin vial. the strains were analyzed to determine their epidemiological related ...	1998	9650923
regulation of expression of glt1, the gene encoding glutamate synthase in saccharomyces cerevisiae.	saccharomyces cerevisiae glutamate synthase (gogat) is an oligomeric enzyme composed of three 199-kda identical subunits encoded by glt1. in this work, we analyzed glt1 transcriptional regulation. glt1-lacz fusions were prepared and glt1 expression was determined in a gdh1 wild-type strain and in a gdh1 mutant derivative grown in the presence of various nitrogen sources. null mutants impaired in gcn4, gln3, gat1/nil1, or uga43/dal80 were transformed with a glt1-lacz fusion to determine whether t ...	1998	9657994
[protein engineering of uridine phosphorylase from escherichia coli k-12. i. cloning and expression of uridine phosphorylase genes from klebsiella aerogenes and salmonella typhimurium in e. coli].	genes of uridine phosphorylases (udp) from klebsiella aerogenes and salmonella typhimurium were cloned and expressed. highly effective producer strains of the corresponding proteins were constructed. enzymic properties of the upases obtained were studied and compared with those from the escherichia coli enzyme. mutant forms of upase from e. coli (d5e, d5n, d5a) were prepared by site-directed mutagenesis techniques. it was shown that the asp5 residue plays an insignificant role in the formation o ...	1998	9661793
pharmacodynamics of fluoroquinolones in experimental models of endocarditis.	we calculated the magnitude of various serum pharmacodynamic parameters for fluoroquinolones in models of experimental endocarditis (ee) described in the literature. nineteen publications contained data that allowed calculation of these parameters. data were available for eight fluoroquinolones against methicillin-susceptible staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant s. aureus, methicillin-resistant staphylococcus epidermidis, viridans streptococci, enterobacter aerogenes, and pseudomonas aer ...	1998	9675448
arginine catabolism and the arginine succinyltransferase pathway in escherichia coli.	arginine catabolism produces ammonia without transferring nitrogen to another compound, yet the only known pathway of arginine catabolism in escherichia coli (through arginine decarboxylase) does not produce ammonia. our aims were to find the ammonia-producing pathway of arginine catabolism in e. coli and to examine its function. we showed that the only previously described pathway of arginine catabolism, which does not produce ammonia, accounted for only 3% of the arginine consumed. a search fo ...	1998	9696779
development of a model for evaluation of microbial cross-contamination in the kitchen.	foods can become contaminated with pathogenic microorganisms from hands, the cutting board, and knives during preparation in the kitchen. a laboratory model was developed to determine occurrence of cross-contamination and efficacy of decontamination procedures in kitchen food-handling practices. enterobacter aerogenes b199a, an indicator bacterium with attachment characteristics similar to that of salmonella spp., was used. chicken meat with skin inoculated with 10(6) cfu of e. aerogenes b199a/g ...	1998	9713754
screening of 34 indian medicinal plants for antibacterial properties.	a total of 34 plant species belonging to 18 different families, selected on the basis of folklore medicinal reports practised by the tribal people of western ghats, india, were assayed for antibacterial activity against escherichia coli, klebsiella aerogenes, proteus vulgaris, and pseudomonas aerogenes (gram-negative bacteria) at 1000-5000 ppm using the disc diffusion method. of these 16 plants showed activity; among them cassia fistula, terminalia arjuna and vitex negundo showed significant ant ...	1998	9741889
analysis of biocide transport limitation in an artificial biofilm system.	an alginate gel bead artificial biofilm system was used to assay biofilm susceptibility to four biocides and to analyse the extent to which each agent penetrated the biofilm. chlorine, glutaraldehyde, an isothiazolone, and a quaternary ammonium compound were tested on alginate-entrapped enterobacter aerogenes in gel beads ranging from 1.8 to 6 mm in diameter. gel-entrapped bacteria were less susceptible to all four antimicrobial agents than were planktonic micro-organisms. the degree of kill mea ...	1998	9750280
characterization of in40 of enterobacter aerogenes bm2688, a class 1 integron with two new gene cassettes, cmla2 and qacf.	enterobacter aerogenes bm2688, which is resistant to multiple antibiotics, and its aminoglycoside-susceptible derivative bm2688-1 were isolated from the same clinical sample. strain bm2688 harbored plasmid pip833, which carries a class 1 integron, in40, containing (in addition to qacedelta1 and sul1, which are characteristic of class 1 integrons) four gene cassettes: aac(6')-ib, qacf, cmla2, and oxa-9. the cmla2 gene had 83.7% identity with the previously described nonenzymatic chloramphenicol r ...	1998	9756755
gyra mutations associated with fluoroquinolone resistance in eight species of enterobacteriaceae.	fluoroquinolone resistance (fq-r) in clinical isolates of enterobacteriaceae species has been reported with increasing frequency in recent years. two mechanisms of fq-r have been identified in gram-negative organisms: mutations in dna gyrase and reduced intracellular drug accumulation. a single point mutation in gyra has been shown to reduce susceptibility to fluoroquinolones. to determine the extent of gyra mutations associated with fq-r in enteric bacteria, one set of oligonucleotide primers w ...	1998	9756773
bacteraemia in the adult intensive care unit of a teaching hospital in nottingham, uk, 1985-1996.	bacteraemia is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in the intensive care unit. in this study the distribution of organisms causing bacteraemic episodes in patients in the adult intensive care unit of a large teaching hospital was determined. particular emphasis was placed on the type of organisms isolated from community- and hospital-acquired bacteraemia, the suspected source of infection, the possible risk factors associated with bacteraemia, and outcome. the incidence of bacteraemia ...	1998	9758274
enhanced utilization of phosphonate and phosphite by klebsiella aerogenes.	klebsiella aerogenes atcc 9621 was able to utilize phosphonates (pn), including aminoethylphosphonate, ethylphosphonate, methylphosphonate (mpn), and phosphonoacetate, and inorganic phosphite (pt) as sole sources of phosphorus (p). the products of the phn gene cluster were absolutely required for pn breakdown and pt oxidation to inorganic phosphate (pi) in this organism. to determine if k. aerogenes atcc 9621 could be engineered to enhance the utilization of pn and pt, a multicopy plasmid, pbi05 ...	1998	9758795
[enterobacter aerogenes pneumopathy treated by a cefepime-sulbactam-gentamicin combination].	enterobacter aerogenes is the fifth most frequent pathogen causing nosocomial infections. several strains have developed multiple resistance by over-production of a natural cephalosporinase and by the presence of wide-spectrum betalactamases.	1998	9767884
the effect of oestrus and the presence of pouch young on aerobic bacteria isolated from the pouch of the tammar wallaby, macropus eugenii.	qualitative changes in the culturable, aerobic bacterial flora isolated from the tammar pouch have been documented over the period leading up to oestrus, at the time of anticipated birth and in absence and presence of pouch young of varying ages. in a group of 12 animals studied thirty species of aerobic bacteria were isolated. twenty five species were found in pouches with no pouch young, 9 in pouches with young less than 3 weeks of age and 9 in pouches containing older animals. gram positive o ...	1998	9775355
cloning of the nocardia corallina polyhydroxyalkanoate synthase gene and production of poly-(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) and poly-(3-hydroxyvalerate-co-3-hydroxyheptanoate).	the polyhydroxyalkanoate (pha) synthase gene (phacnc) from nocardia corallina was identified in a lambda library on a 6-kb bamhi fragment. a 2.8-kb xhoii subfragment was found to contain the intact pha synthase. this 2.8-kb fragment was subjected to dna sequencing and was found to contain the coding region for the pha synthase and a small downstream open reading frame of unknown function. on the basis of dna sequence, phacnc is closest in homology to the pha synthases (phacpai and phacpaii) of p ...	1998	9783428
candida albicans blastoconidia in peripheral blood smears from non-neutropenic surgical patients.	an 80 year old woman developed fever 11 days after volvulus surgery. a peripheral blood smear showed numerous yeast cells--both extraleucocytic and intraleucocytic--as well as leucoagglutination. the fungal elements included blastospores, pseudohyphae, and germ tubes. two days later, blood cultures yielded candida albicans, enterobacter aerogenes, and staphlococcus aureus. the patient had no medical history of immunodeficiency. several reports indicate that fungal elements may be detected in per ...	1998	9797733
formation of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) by pha synthase from ralstonia eutropha.	the acetoacetyl-coa reductase and the polyhydroxyalkanoate (pha) synthase from ralstonia eutropha (formerly alcaligenes eutrophus) were expressed in escherichia coli, klebsiella aerogenes, and pha-negative mutants of r. eutropha and pseudomonas putida. while expression in e. coli strains resulted in the accumulation of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) [phb], strains of r. eutropha, p. putida and k. aerogenes accumulated poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) [poly(3hb-co-3hhx)] when even chain fat ...	1998	9821674
sulfatide from the pig jejunum brush border epithelial cell surface is involved in binding of escherichia coli enterotoxin b.	using a quantitative dot blot overlay assay of polyvinylidene difluoride membranes, we investigated the ability of escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxin b (stb) to bind to various glycolipids of defined structure. stb bound strongly to acidic glycosphingolipids, including sulfatide (or 3'-sulfogalactosylceramide) and several gangliosides, but not significantly to their derivatives, galactosylceramide and asialogangliosides, respectively. stb exhibited the highest binding affinity for sulfatid ...	1998	9826338
risk factors for enterobacter septicemia in a neonatal unit: case-control study.	thirty cases of enterobacter aerogenes or enterobacter cloacae septicemia diagnosed over a 32-month period in a tertiary care neonatal unit were enrolled in a case-control study. each case patient was matched with two controls (patients occupying the cots nearest the case patient when the latter developed septicemia). of the 32 perinatal characteristics evaluated, 11 were identified by univariate analysis to be significantly associated with the infection. these included parents being residents o ...	1998	9827270
purification and characterization of gallic acid decarboxylase from pantoea agglomerans t71	oxygen-sensitive gallic acid decarboxylase from pantoea (formerly enterobacter) agglomerans t71 was purified from a cell extract after stabilization by reducing agents. this enzyme has a molecular mass of approximately 320 kda and consists of six identical subunits. it is highly specific for gallic acid. gallic acid decarboxylase is unique among similar decarboxylases in that it requires iron as a cofactor, as shown by plasma emission spectroscopy (which revealed an iron content of 0.8 mol per m ...	1998	9835557
phosphate starvation-independent 2-aminoethylphosphonic acid biodegradation in a newly isolated strain of pseudomonas putida, ng2.	a strain of pseudomonas putida that utilized the biogenic organophosphonate 2-aminoethylphosphonic acid as sole carbon and energy, nitrogen and phosphorus source contained 2-aminoethylphosphonic acid: pyruvate aminotransferase and phosphonoacetaldehyde hydrolase (phosphonatase) activities which were inducible by the presence of 2-aminoethylphosphonic acid in the culture medium, regardless of the phosphate status of the cells. neither of these activities were induced in their phosphate-free or ph ...	1998	9841125
porin alteration and active efflux: two in vivo drug resistance strategies used by enterobacter aerogenes.	enterobacter aerogenes is among the five most frequently isolated nosocomial pathogens in france, and this bacterium also shows increasing multidrug resistance. in this study, various e. aerogenes strains isolated from hospital units were characterized for their outer-membrane proteins, antibiotic susceptibilities (inhibition diameters and mics) and resistance mechanisms associated with modification of envelope permeability (porin alteration and active efflux). diminished outer-membrane permeabi ...	1998	9846735
selectivity of ferric enterobactin binding and cooperativity of transport in gram-negative bacteria.	the ligand-gated outer membrane porin fepa serves escherichia coli as the receptor for the siderophore ferric enterobactin. we characterized the ability of seven analogs of enterobactin to supply iron via fepa by quantitatively measuring the binding and transport of their 59fe complexes. the experiments refuted the idea that chirality of the iron complex affects its recognition by fepa and demonstrated the necessity of an unsubstituted catecholate coordination center for binding to the outer mem ...	1998	9852016
a mutant of mycobacterium smegmatis defective in dipeptide transport.	a mutant of mycobacterium smegmatis unable to use the dipeptide carnosine (beta-alanyl-l-histidine) as a sole carbon or nitrogen source was isolated. carnosinase activity and the ability to grow on beta-ala and/or l-his were similar in the mutant and the wild type. however, the mutant showed significant impairment in the uptake of carnosine. this study is the first description of a peptide utilization mutant of a mycobacterium.	1998	9852030
[in vitro antimicrobial activity of cefpirome compared to other broad-spectrum beta-lactam drugs against 804 clinical isolates from 9 brazilian hospitals].	to evaluate the in vitro activity of the fourth-generation cephalosporin cefpirome in comparison to that of ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, cefotaxime and imipenem in a multicenter study involving nine hospitals from six cities (four states).	1998	9852647
characterization of arylamine n-acetyltransferase in enterobacter aerogenes.	n-acetyltransferase (nat) activity was determined by incubation of purified enterobacter aerogenes enzyme with 2-aminofluorene (2-af) as the substrate, followed by high pressure liquid chromatography assays. the nat activity from e. aerogenes was 0.58 +/- 0.08 nmol/min/mg protein for 2-af. the values of apparent k(m) and vmax were 0.72 +/- 0.14 mm and 2.45 +/- 0.29 nmol/min/mg protein, respectively, for 2-af. the optimal ph value for the enzyme activity was 7.5 for the 2-af tested. the optimal t ...	1998	9853378
evidence for a chemiosmotic model of dehalorespiration in desulfomonile tiedjei dcb-1.	desulfomonile tiedjei dcb-1, a sulfate-reducing bacterium, conserves energy for growth from reductive dehalogenation of 3-chlorobenzoate by an uncharacterized chemiosmotic process. respiratory electron transport components were examined in d. tiedjei cells grown under conditions for reductive dehalogenation, pyruvate fermentation, and sulfate reduction. reductive dehalogenation was inhibited by the respiratory quinone inhibitor 2-heptyl-4-hydroxyquinoline n-oxide, suggesting that a respiratory q ...	1999	9864310
a membrane-bound nad(p)+-reducing hydrogenase provides reduced pyridine nucleotides during citrate fermentation by klebsiella pneumoniae.	during anaerobic growth of klebsiella pneumoniae on citrate, 9.4 mmol of h2/mol of citrate (4-kpa partial pressure) was formed at the end of growth besides acetate, formate, and co2. upon addition of nicl2 (36 microm) to the growth medium, hydrogen formation increased about 36% to 14.8 mmol/mol of citrate (6 kpa), and the cell yield increased about 15%. cells that had been harvested and washed under anoxic conditions exhibited an h2-dependent formation of nad(p)h in vivo. the reduction of intern ...	1999	9864336
postprocess contamination of flexible pouches challenged by in situ immersion biotest.	packages were evaluated for leaks by determining microbial penetration through microchannels as a function of test organism concentration, location in a retort, and microchannel diameter and length. a flexible pouch was used in an in situ immersion biotest coupled with a state-of-the-art retort. microchannel diameters of 10 to 661 microm with 3- and 6-mm lengths were created by placing tungsten wires in vacuum heat-sealed flexible pouches. after removing the wires, these pouches were subsequentl ...	1998	9874342
[nosocomial infections].	wide-spectrum beta-lactam producers: a french survey demonstrated that enterobacter aerogenes is currently the preferential host for this plasmid, apparently more so in general hospitals than in university hospitals. candidemia: the highest rate of positive blood tests for candida was found in anti-cancer centers. vancomycin-resistant strains: reduced susceptibility of methicillin-resistant staphylococci to vancomycin appears to be rather frequent (approximately 10% of strains isolated in one ja ...	1998	9879337
surface antigen exposure by bismuth dimercaprol suppression of klebsiella pneumoniae capsular polysaccharide.	the bacterial capsule is an important virulence determinant in animal and plant disease. bacterial capsule and slime can be inhibited by bismuth compounds, especially when complexed with lipophilic thiol chelators. bismuth dimercaprol (bisbal) at 1 ppm of bi3+ repressed klebsiella pneumoniae capsule expression in defined medium by nearly 90%, which exposed subsurface structures. the phagocytic index for bisbal-treated bacteria increased from <10 to 360 bacteria per 100 neutrophils in the presenc ...	1999	9916074
the amino-terminal 100 residues of the nitrogen assimilation control protein (nac) encode all known properties of nac from klebsiella aerogenes and escherichia coli.	the nitrogen assimilation control protein (nac) from klebsiella aerogenes or escherichia coli (nack or nace, respectively) is a transcriptional regulator that is both necessary and sufficient to activate transcription of the histidine utilization (hut) operon and to repress transcription of the glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh) operon in k. aerogenes. truncated nac polypeptides, generated by the introduction of stop codons within the nac open reading frame, were tested for the ability to activate hu ...	1999	9922258
two roles for the leucine-responsive regulatory protein in expression of the alanine catabolic operon (dadab) in klebsiella aerogenes.	the lrp gene, which codes for the leucine-responsive regulatory protein (lrp), was cloned from klebsiella aerogenes w70. the dna sequence was determined, and the clone was used to create a disruption of the lrp gene. the lack of functional lrp led to an increased expression of the alanine catabolic operon (dad) in the absence of the inducer l-alanine but also to a decreased expression of the operon in the presence of l-alanine. thus, lrp is both a repressor and activator of dad expression. lrp i ...	1999	9922277
alanine dehydrogenase from enterobacter aerogenes: purification, characterization, and primary structure.	alanine dehydrogenase [ec 1. 4. 1. 1] was purified to homogeneity from a crude extract of enterobacter aerogenes icr 0220. the enzyme had a molecular mass of about 245 kda and consisted of six identical subunits. the enzyme showed maximal activity at about ph 10.9 for the deamination of l-alanine and at about ph 8.7 for the amination of pyruvate. the enzyme required nad+ as a coenzyme. analogs of nad+, deamino-nad+ and nicotinamide guanine dinucleotide served as coenzymes. initial-velocity and p ...	1998	9972262
study of the micro-organisms associated with the fermented bread (khamir) produced from sorghum in gizan region, saudi arabia.	traditional bread (khamir) was made from sorghum flour of two local varieties, bayadh and hamra. the bread was prepared by mixing the sorghum flour with water and spices (onion, garlic, lemon juice and fenugreek) in a 1:0.8 (w/w) ratio and fermented for 24 h at 30 degrees c. two other fermentations were carried out using an inoculum from the previous fermentation. the micro-organisms were isolated from different plates and identified using different characterization systems. both total bacterial ...	1999	10063620
[evaluation of mycobacterium kansasii isolates from a clinical laboratory in a city hospital].	fifteen isolates of mycobacterium kansasii in showa university fujigaoka hospital between 1982 and 1995 were investigated. comparing by gender, 13 were isolated from male patients and only two were isolated from female patients. the average of cases was 48 years old and 14 out of 15 cases (93%) were isolated from respiratory tract specimens. the rate of the smear- and culture-positives was 64%, which was significantly higher than that (26%) of m. avium complex (p < 0.01 by chi 2 test). all 4 iso ...	1999	10067052
long-term remission of malignant brain tumors after intracranial infection: a report of four cases.	this report describes four patients with malignant brain tumors in whom regression or cure seems to be related to infection with bacteria.	1999	10069601
identification of metal-binding residues in the klebsiella aerogenes urease nickel metallochaperone, uree.	the urease accessory protein encoded by uree from klebsiella aerogenes is proposed to bind intracellular ni(ii) for transfer to urease apoprotein. while native uree possesses a histidine-rich region at its carboxyl terminus that binds several equivalents of ni, the ni-binding sites associated with urease activation are internal to the protein as shown by studies involving truncated h144uree [brayman and hausinger (1996) j. bacteriol. 178, 5410-5416]. nine potential ni-binding residues (five his, ...	1999	10194322
enterobacter aerogenes outbreak in a neonatal intensive care unit.	enterobacter aerogenes, a gram-negative bacterium, is an important, although infrequent, cause of nosocomial bacteremia in the hospitalized pediatric and neonatal population. enterobacter aerogenes was isolated for the first time in our neonatal intensive care unit (nicu) from blood culture of a 5-day-old neonate; 12 more cases were discovered in the next 70 days. the present report summarizes the clinico-bacteriological spectrum and outcome of the affected neonates. efforts made to find the sou ...	1999	10221019
the effects of plant phenolics, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid and ferulic acid on arylamine n-acetyltransferase activities in human gastrointestinal microflora.	the possible effects of naturally occurring plant phenolics, caffeic acid (ca), chlorogenic acid (cga) and ferulic acid (fa) on arylamine n-acetyltransferase (nat) activities on human gastrointestinal microflora, escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, enterobacter aerogenes, citrobacter koseri and pseudomonas aeruginosa, were examined. the bacterial nat activities were determined by hplc measuring the acetylation of 2-aminofluorene (2-af). among all examined bacteria, p. aeruginosa exerted the ...	1999	10226534
important aspects of the colonization of central venous catheter.	this study comprises five different kind of venous central catheters, 103 in total, made of polyurethane tecoflex, polyurethane vialon, ptfe and pvc, and the influence of their raw material on the microbial colonization. patients age and sex, besides their clinical conditions, were taken into account, and neither considered as a sample vicious, nor associated with colonization. when the tips of the catheters were asseptically inoculated in tryptic soy broth and tioglicolate, colonization was det ...	1999	10326311
lethality of a heat- and phosphate-catalyzed glucose by-product to escherichia coli o157:h7 and partial protection conferred by the rpos regulon.	a by-product of glucose produced during sterilization (121 degrees c, 15 lb/in2, 15 min) at neutral ph and in the presence of phosphate (i.e., phosphate-buffered saline) was bactericidal to escherichia coli o157:h7 (atcc 43895). other six-carbon (fructose and galactose) and five-carbon (arabinose, ribose, and xylose) reducing sugars also produced a toxic by-product under the same conditions. fructose and the five-carbon sugars yielded the most bactericidal activity. glucose concentrations of 1% ...	1999	10347019
use of microdilution panels with and without beta-lactamase inhibitors as a phenotypic test for beta-lactamase production among escherichia coli, klebsiella spp., enterobacter spp., citrobacter freundii, and serratia marcescens.	over the past decade, a number of new beta-lactamases have appeared in clinical isolates of enterobacteriaceae that, unlike their predecessors, do not confer beta-lactam resistance that is readily detected in routine antibiotic susceptibility tests. because optimal methodologies are needed to detect these important new beta-lactamases, a study was designed to evaluate the ability of a panel of various beta-lactam antibiotics tested alone and in combination with beta-lactamase inhibitors to discr ...	1999	10348759
microbiological evaluation of four enteral feeding systems which have been deliberately subjected to faulty handling procedures.	the present study was designed to investigate the levels of contamination in four currently used 1000 ml, 'ready-to-hang', enteral feeding systems--osmolite (ross ready-to-hang), steriflo, dripac-flex and easybag, when faulty handling procedures were used during assembly of the systems. the top of the nutrient container and the proximal (container) end of the pump set of each system were touched during assembly by a researcher whose hands had been deliberately contaminated with klebsiella aeroge ...	1999	10363206
antibacterial and antifungal activity of small protein of indigofera oblongifolia leaves.	four fractions from the leaves of indigofera oblongifolia were obtained on sephadex g-25 column chromatography. a single bands of these fractions were detected on poly-acrylamide sds gel electrophoresis. an antibacterial action of small protein peptide was tested against escherichia coli, klebsiella aerogenes, kl. pneumoniae. staphyllococcus aureus, and bacillus subtilis. peptide 3 showed strong inhibitory activity against b. subtilis and aspergillus niger but clear zone of inhibition was also n ...	1999	10363845
most enterobacter aerogenes strains in france belong to a prevalent clone.	the aim of this study was to determine the distribution in france of the enterobacter aerogenes prevalent clone isolated in the hospitals of the marseille area (a. davin-regli, d. monnet, p. saux, c. bosi, r. charrel, a. barthelemy, and c. bollet, j. clin. microbiol. 34:1474-1480, 1996). a total of 123 e. aerogenes isolates were collected from 23 hospital laboratories and analyzed by random amplification of polymorphic dna and enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus-pcr to determine thei ...	1999	10364580
bacterial pollution of cutting fluids: a risk factor for occupational diseases.	an outbreak of occupational diseases involving 38 metal workers with local infections on the hands and the face (53%), bronchitis (29%), and bronchopneumonia (18%) urged an examination of 150 samples of emulsions which the workers used in processing metals. among the isolated bacteria, the most frequent was pseudomonas aeruginosa (48%), followed by escherichia coli (44%), proteus spp. (11%), enterococcus faecalis (9%), enterobacter aerogenes (7%), citrobacter spp. (5%), shigella spp., staphyloco ...	1998	10376355
identification and expression of the genes encoding a reactivating factor for adenosylcobalamin-dependent glycerol dehydratase.	adenosylcobalamin-dependent glycerol dehydratase undergoes inactivation by glycerol, the physiological substrate, during catalysis. in permeabilized cells of klebsiella pneumoniae, the inactivated enzyme is reactivated in the presence of atp, mg2+, and adenosylcobalamin. we identified the two open reading frames as the genes for a reactivating factor for glycerol dehydratase and designated them gdra and gdrb. the reactivation of the inactivated glycerol dehydratase by the gene products was confi ...	1999	10383983
[a consideration on the results of nationwide surveillance of antimicrobial susceptibilities--gram-negative bacilli].	the results of the semi-annual nationwide surveillance of antimicrobial susceptibilities, conducted by the japanese ministry of health and welfare during the period of january 1993 to july 1995, were analyzed for typical gram-negative bacilli in the purpose of provision of an index for antimicrobial selection. during these 3 years, escherichia coli, citrobacter freundii, enterobacter aerogenes and proteus mirabilis showed slightly increasing tendency in susceptibility to fosfomycin (fom) and cit ...	1999	10396690
comparative study on the in vitro antibacterial activity of australian tea tree oil, cajuput oil, niaouli oil, manuka oil, kanuka oil, and eucalyptus oil.	to compare the antibacterial activity of the australian tea tree oil (tto) with various other medicinally and commercially important essential myrtaceous oils (cajuput oil, niaouli oil, kanuka oil, manuka oil, and eucalyptus oil) the essential oils were first analysed by gc-ms and then tested against various bacteria using a broth microdilution method. the highest activity was obtained by tto, with mic values of 0.25% for enterobacter aerogenes, escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, proteus m ...	1999	10399193
isolation and characterization of mutations in the escherichia coli regulatory protein xapr.	in this work, the lysr-type protein xapr has been subjected to a mutational analysis. xapr regulates the expression of xanthosine phosphorylase (xapa), a purine nucleoside phosphorylase in escherichia coli. in the wild type, full expression of xapa requires both a functional xapr protein and the inducer xanthosine. here we show that deoxyinosine can also function as an inducer in the wild type, although not to the same extent as xanthosine. we have isolated and characterized in detail the mutant ...	1999	10400599
the bacteriology of neonatal septicaemia in ile-ife, nigeria.	the incidence of septicaemia among neonates categorized as being at high risk was 55 per cent in ile-ife, nigeria. gram-positive organisms, specifically staphylococcus aureus, were predominant (33.8 per cent) among bacteria cultured from proven cases of septicaemia. other coagulase-negative staphylococci also contributed 21 per cent, with staphylococcus epidermidis occurring in 5 per cent of the isolates. listeria monocytogenes was cultured from 8.4 per cent of septic neonates. pseudomonas aerug ...	1999	10401192
expression of the recombinant klebsiella aerogenes uref protein as a male fusion.	expression of the active urease of the enterobacterium, klebsiella aerogenes, requires the presence of the accessory genes (ured, uree, uref, and ureg) in addition to the three structural genes (urea, ureb, and urec). these accessory genes are involved in functional assembly of the nickel-metallocenter for the enzyme. characterization of uref gene has been hindered, however, since the uref protein is produced in only minute amount compared to other urease gene products. in order to overexpress t ...	1999	10403130
cloning, molecular analysis, and expression of the polyhydroxyalkanoic acid synthase (phac) gene from chromobacterium violaceum.	the polyhydroxyalkanoic acid synthase gene from chromobacterium violaceum (phac(cv)) was cloned and characterized. a 6.3-kb bamhi fragment was found to contain both phac(cv) and the polyhydroxyalkanoic acid (pha)-specific 3-ketothiolase (phaa(cv)). escherichia coli strains harboring this fragment produced significant levels of pha synthase and 3-ketothiolase, as judged by their activities. while c. violaceum accumulated poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) or poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) when ...	1999	10427049
comparative in vitro activities of ciprofloxacin, clinafloxacin, gatifloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, and trovafloxacin against klebsiella pneumoniae, klebsiella oxytoca, enterobacter cloacae, and enterobacter aerogenes clinical isolates with alterations in gyra and parc proteins.	the in vitro activities of ciprofloxacin, clinafloxacin, gatifloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, and trovafloxacin were tested against 72 ciprofloxacin-resistant and 28 ciprofloxacin-susceptible isolates of klebsiella pneumoniae, klebsiella oxytoca, enterobacter cloacae, and enterobacter aerogenes. irrespective of the alterations in gyra and parc proteins, clinafloxacin exhibited greater activity than all other fluoroquinolones tested against k. pneumoniae and e. aerogenes.	1999	10428935
cloning, characterization, and expression of a novel gene encoding a reversible 4-hydroxybenzoate decarboxylase from clostridium hydroxybenzoicum.	a novel gene, designated ohb1, which encodes the oxygen-sensitive and biotin-, atp-, thiamin-, pyridoxal phosphate-, and metal-ion-independent, reversible 4-hydroxybenzoate decarboxylase (4-hob-dc) from the obligate anaerobe clostridium hydroxybenzoicum jw/z-1(t) was sequenced (genbank accession no. af128880) and expressed. the 1,440-bp open reading frame (orf) (ohb1) encodes 480 amino acids. major properties of the heterologous enzyme (ohb1) expressed in escherichia coli dh5alpha were the same ...	1999	10438791
microbiologic analysis of bottled water: is it safe for use with contact lenses?	to analyze commercially available bottled water as a possible source of microbial contamination of contact lenses.	1999	10442894
the amino acid sequence of ribitol dehydrogenase-f, a mutant enzyme with improved xylitol dehydrogenase activity.	a mutant ribitol dehydrogenase (rdh-f) was purified from klebsiella aerogenes strain f which evolved from the wild-type strain a under selective pressure to improve growth on xylitol, a poor substrate used as sole carbon source. the ratio of activities on xylitol (500 mm) and ribitol (50 mm) was 0.154 for rdh-f compared to 0.033 for the wild-type (rdh-a) enzyme. the complete amino acid sequence of rdh-f showed the mutations. q60 for e60 and v215 for l215 in the single polypeptide chain of 249 am ...	1999	10449046
synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial studies of metal(ii) bis-chelates and mixed-ligand complexes of alpha-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-n-(1-phenyl-2-nitroethyl)nitrone.	this paper describes the synthesis of complexes of the type mb2. 2h2o and cubl.2h2o where bh = alpha-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-n-(1-phenyl-2-nitroethyl)-nitrone, m = copper(ii)/cobalt(ii)/nickel(ii) and lh = salicylaldehyde/salicylaldoxime/8-hydroxyquinoline/2-hydroxypyridine. the magnetic moment, ligand field spectra, thermal and esr studies reveals that these dihydrates possess octahedral geometry. the antimicrobial studies of these complexes against several microorganisms such as staphylococcus aureu ...	1999	10450122
impact of use of multiple antimicrobials on changes in susceptibility of gram-negative aerobes.	evaluation of antimicrobial usage vs. susceptibility relationships typically involves single agents. however, susceptibility profiles may be affected by multiple drugs. from 1992 through 1996, we studied relationships between drug usage and the susceptibility (only susceptibility rates of > or = 70%) of acinetobacter anitratus (baumannii), enterobacter aerogenes, escherichia coli, enterobacter cloacae, klebsiella pneumoniae, pseudomonas aeruginosa, proteus mirabilis, and serratia marcescens to 2 ...	1999	10452628
verifying apple cider plant sanitation and hazard analysis critical control point programs: choice of indicator bacteria and testing methods.	the objectives of this study were (i) to evaluate the survival of coliforms, escherichia coli, and enterococci in refrigerated apple cider; (ii) to develop simple and inexpensive presumptive methods for detection of these bacteria; (iii) to perform a field survey to determine the prevalence of these bacteria on apples and in apple cider; and (iv) based on our results, to recommend the most useful of these three indicator groups for use in verifying apple cider processing plant sanitation and haz ...	1999	10456742
development of bacterial resistance to the third generation cephalosporins and their clinical use.	development of gram-negative rods resistance to the third generation cephalosporins (cefotaxime, ceftazidime, cefoperazone) in connection with their application at the university hospital in olomouc was evaluated in this study. the highest increase in resistance to cefotaxime was detected in enterobacter cloacae (from 22.9% in 1995 to 49.0% in 1997) and enterobacter agglomerans strains (28.0% - 40.5%). in addition, increased resistance to ceftazidime in acinetobacter baumannii (12.5% - 35.1%), e ...	1999	10465127
a simple method for the isolation and purification of l-asparaginase from enterobacter aerogenes.	l-asparaginase from enterobacter aerogenes was purified by a simple method involving sonication of the crude cell mass, gel filtration with sephacryl s-100 as the separating material, followed by ultrafiltration. recent methods involve complex purification procedures of 5-6 steps. the isolation process resulted in 10-fold purification of the enzyme with a specific activity of 55 iu/mg protein and recovery of 54%. the purity was tested by capillary electrophoresis, used for the first time for doc ...	1999	10489691
the antimicrobial efficiency of piper betle linn leaf (stalk) against human pathogenic bacteria and phytopathogenic fungi.	the in vitro antimicrobial activity of different varieties of piper betle linn, leaf stalk extracts were studied against human pathogenic bacteria and phytopathogenic fungi by comparing the results with standard microbial susceptibility testing biodiscs. the ethyl acetate and ethanol extracts of all the four varieties have shown significant activity against bacteria vibrio cholerae ogawa, staphylococcus aureus, diplococcus pneumoniae and klebsiella aerogenes. the hexane and benzene extracts have ...	1999	10499145
gtp-dependent activation of urease apoprotein in complex with the ured, uref, and ureg accessory proteins.	syntheses of metal-containing enzymes often require the participation of accessory proteins. the roles played by many of these accessory proteins are poorly characterized. klebsiella aerogenes urease, a nickel-containing enzyme, provides an ideal system to study metallocenter assembly. here, we describe a method for isolating a complex containing urease apoprotein and the ured, uref, and ureg accessory proteins. we demonstrate that urease apoprotein in this complex is activated to near wild-type ...	1999	10500143
purification and characterization of monovalent cation-activated levodione reductase from corynebacterium aquaticum m-13.	(6r)-2,2,6-trimethyl-1,4-cyclohexanedione (levodione) reductase was isolated from a cell extract of the soil isolate corynebacterium aquaticum m-13. this enzyme catalyzed regio- and stereoselective reduction of levodione to (4r,6r)-4-hydroxy-2,2, 6-trimethylcyclohexanone (actinol). the relative molecular mass of the enzyme was estimated to be 142,000 da by high-performance gel permeation chromatography and 36,000 da by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. the enzyme require ...	1999	10508066
acetate metabolism in a pta mutant of escherichia coli w3110: importance of maintaining acetyl coenzyme a flux for growth and survival.	in order to study the physiological role of acetate metabolism in escherichia coli, the growth characteristics of an e. coli w3100 pta mutant defective in phosphotransacetylase, the first enzyme of the acetate pathway, were investigated. the pta mutant grown on glucose minimal medium excreted unusual by-products such as pyruvate, d-lactate, and l-glutamate instead of acetate. in an analysis of the sequential consumption of amino acids by the pta mutant growing in tryptone broth (tb), a brief lag ...	1999	10542166
characterization and identification of numerically abundant culturable bacteria from the anoxic bulk soil of rice paddy microcosms.	most-probable-number (liquid serial dilution culture) counts were obtained for polysaccharolytic and saccharolytic fermenting bacteria in the anoxic bulk soil of flooded microcosms containing rice plants. the highest viable counts (up to 2.5 x 10(8) cells per g [dry weight] of soil) were obtained by using xylan, pectin, or a mixture of seven mono- and disaccharides as the growth substrate. the total cell count for the soil, as determined by using 4', 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole staining, was 4.8 ...	1999	10543821
antimicrobial activities of several parts of pinus brutia, juniperus oxycedrus, abies cilicia, cedrus libani and pinus nigra.	in this study, the antimicrobial activities of several parts of various trees grown in the kahramanmaraş region of turkey were investigated by the disc diffusion method. chloroform, acetone and methanol extracts of leaves, resins, barks, cones and fruits of pinus brutia ten., juniperus oxycedrus l., abies cilicia ant. & kotschy carr., cedrus libani a. rich. and pinus nigra arn. were prepared and tested against bacillus megaterium dsm 32, bacillus subtilis img 22, bacillus cereus fmc 19, escheric ...	1999	10548751
molecular characterisation of the dnak operon of lactobacillus sakei lth681.	the use of lactobacilli as starter organisms in food fermentation processes requires thorough knowledge of their reaction to the multitude of ecological factors including their response to stress. we have characterised the dnak gene region of lactobacillus sakei lth681. two chromosomal ecori fragments of 2.5 and 4.0 kb were identified using a homologous dnak probe generated by pcr. the sequence analysis of the cloned fragments showed that the dnak gene region consists of four heat shock genes wi ...	1999	10553284
characterization of metal-substituted klebsiella aerogenes urease.	urease possesses a dinuclear ni active site with the protein providing a bridging carbamylated lysine residue as well as an aspartyl and four histidyl ligands. the apoprotein can be activated in vitro by incubation with bicarbonate/co2 and ni(ii); however, only approximately 15% forms active enzyme (ni-co2-ureasea), with the remainder forming inactive carbamylated ni-containing protein (ni-co2-ureaseb). in the absence of co2, apoprotein plus ni(ii) forms a distinct inactive ni-containing species ...	1999	10555581
catabolite regulation of the pta gene as part of carbon flow pathways in bacillus subtilis.	in bacillus subtilis, the products of the pta and acka genes, phosphotransacetylase and acetate kinase, play a crucial role in the production of acetate, one of the most abundant by-products of carbon metabolism in this gram-positive bacterium. although these two enzymes are part of the same pathway, only mutants with inactivated acka did not grow in the presence of glucose. inactivation of pta had only a weak inhibitory effect on growth. in contrast to pta and acka in escherichia coli, the corr ...	1999	10559153
d-allose catabolism of escherichia coli: involvement of alsi and regulation of als regulon expression by allose and ribose.	genes involved in allose utilization of escherichia coli k-12 are organized in at least two operons, alsrbace and alsi, located next to each other on the chromosome but divergently transcribed. mutants defective in alsi (allose 6-phosphate isomerase gene) and alse (allulose 6-phosphate epimerase gene) were als(-). transcription of the two allose operons, measured as beta-galactosidase activity specified by alsi-lacz(+) or alse-lacz(+) operon fusions, was induced by allose. ribose also caused der ...	1999	10559180
fluorescence monitoring during cultivation of enterobacter aerogenes at different oxygen levels.	on-line monitoring of nad(p)h fluorescence and 2d fluorescence spectroscopy was performed with enterobacter aerogenes, a bacterium sensitive to oxygen availability. the organism was grown in a reactor under low and high dissolved oxygen concentrations and circulated through a bypass attached to the reactor. under low dissolved oxygen concentration in the reactor, nad(p)h fluorescence in the reactor and the bypass showed a deviation, but not when the dissolved oxygen level in the reactor was high ...	1999	10570795