| characterization of four novel h5n6 avian influenza viruses with the internal genes from h5n1 and h9n2 viruses and experimental challenge of chickens vaccinated with current commercially available h5 vaccines. | since 2014, highly pathogenic avian influenza h5n6 viruses have been responsible for outbreaks in poultry. in this study, four h5n6 virus strains were isolated from faecal samples of sick white ducks and dead chickens in shandong in 2019. these h5n6 viruses were triple-reassortant viruses that have not been previously characterized. their ha genes were derived from the h5 viruses and were closely related to the vaccine strain re-11. their na genes all fell into the n6-like lineage and the intern ... | 2021 | 33872465 |
| potential risk factors of avian influenza virus infection in asymptomatic commercial chicken flocks in selected areas of bangladesh during 2019. | avian influenza is a zoonotic disease with a pandemic potential that can infect avian and mammalian species, including humans. studies aimed at investigating avian influenza virus (aiv) status in asymptomatic chickens and their shedding are uncommon in bangladesh. therefore, the current study aimed to examine the distribution of aiv subtypes in asymptomatic commercial chicken flocks and to identify the possible risk factors associated with this infection in two selected sub-districts of banglade ... | 2021 | 33860012 |
| exosomal mirna profiling from h5n1 avian influenza virus-infected chickens. | exosomes are membrane vesicles containing proteins, lipids, dna, mrna, and micro rna (mirna). exosomal mirna from donor cells can regulate the gene expression of recipient cells. here, ri chickens were divided into resistant (mx/a; bf2/b21) and susceptible (mx/g; bf2/b13) trait by genotyping of mx and bf2 genes. then, ri chickens were infected with h5n1, a highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (hpaiv). exosomes were purified from blood serum of resistant chickens for small rna sequencing. sequ ... | 2021 | 33658079 |
| elicitation of highly pathogenic avian influenza h5n1 m2e and ha2-specific humoral and cell-mediated immune response in chicken following immunization with recombinant m2e-ha2 fusion protein. | the study was aimed to evaluate the elicitation of highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) virus (aiv) m2e and ha2-specific immunity in chicken to develop broad protective influenza vaccine against hpai h5n1. based on the analysis of indian aiv h5n1 sequences, the conserved regions of extracellular domain of m2 protein (m2e) and ha2 were identified. synthetic gene construct coding for m2e and two immunodominant ha2 conserved regions was designed and synthesized after codon optimization. the fus ... | 2021 | 33614753 |
| a risk marker of tribasic hemagglutinin cleavage site in influenza a (h9n2) virus. | low pathogenic avian influenza a(h9n2) virus is endemic worldwide and continually recruit internal genes to generate human-infecting h5n1, h5n6, h7n9, and h10n8 influenza variants. here we show that hemagglutinin cleavage sites (hacs) of h9n2 viruses tended to mutate towards hydrophilic via evolutionary transition, and the tribasic hacs were found at high prevalence in asia and the middle east. our finding suggested that the tribasic h9n2 viruses increased the viral replication, stability, patho ... | 2021 | 33452423 |
| retraction notice to modified newcastle disease virus vectors expressing the h5 hemagglutinin induce enhanced protection against highly pathogenic h5n1 avian influenza virus in chickens vaccine 32(35) (2014) 4428-4435. | | 2021 | 33446369 |
| the effect of i155t, k156q, k156e and n186k mutations in hemagglutinin on the virulence and reproduction of influenza a/h5n1 viruses. | the continued circulation of influenza a virus subtype h5 may cause the emergence of new potential pandemic virus variants, which can be transmitted from person to person. the occurrence of such variants is mainly related to mutations in hemagglutinin (ha). previously we discovered mutations in h5n1 influenza virus hemagglutinin, which contributes to virus immune evasion. the purpose of this work was to study the role of these mutations in changing other, non-antigenic properties of the virus an ... | 2021 | 33424035 |
| protection of chickens with maternal immunity against avian influenza virus (aiv) by vaccination with a novel recombinant newcastle disease virus vector. | newcastle disease virus (ndv) vectors expressing avian influenza virus (aiv) hemagglutinin of subtype h5 protect specific pathogen-free chickens from newcastle disease and avian influenza. however, maternal aiv antibodies (aiv-mda+) are known to interfere with active immunization by influencing vaccine virus replication and gene expression, resulting in inefficient protection. to overcome this disadvantage, we inserted a transgene encoding a truncated soluble hemagglutinin (ha) in addition to th ... | 2020 | 33347549 |
| role of the hemagglutinin residue 227 in immunogenicity of h5 and h7 subtype avian influenza vaccines in chickens. | many h5 and h7 subtype avian influenza vaccines are poorly immunogenic in terms of inducing hemagglutination-inhibition (hi) antibody titers. residue 227 (h3 numbering) in the receptor binding site in the hemagglutinin (ha) is critical for the detectability of hi antibodies induced by h5 influenza vaccines. however, whether the effect of residue 227 on immunogenicity can be generalized in different subtypes is unclear. in this study, the impact of ha residue 227 on immunogenicity of h5n1, h5n6, ... | 2020 | 33347548 |
| a single dose of inactivated oil-emulsion bivalent h5n8/h5n1 vaccine protects chickens against the lethal challenge of both highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses. | in this study, two highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) h5n8 viruses were isolated from chicken and geese in 2018 and 2019 (chicken/me-2018 and geese/egypt/mg4/2019). the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase gene analyses revealed their close relatedness to the clade-2.3.4.4b h5n8 viruses isolated from egypt and eurasian countries. a monovalent inactivated oil-emulsion vaccine containing a reassortant virus with ha gene of the chicken/me-2018/h5n8 strain and a bivalent vaccine containing same rea ... | 2020 | 33307456 |
| the effect of i155t, k156q, k156e and n186k mutations in hemagglutinin on the virulence and reproduction of influenza a/h5n1 viruses. | the continued circulation of influenza a virus subtype h5 may cause the emergence of new potential pandemic virus variants, which can be transmitted from person to person. the occurrence of such variants is mainly related to mutations in hemagglutinin (ha). previously we discovered mutations in h5n1 influenza virus hemagglutinin, which contributes to virus immune evasion. the purpose of this work was to study the role of these mutations in changing other, non-antigenic properties of the virus an ... | 2020 | 33276361 |
| efficacy of soya protein concentrates on the performance and immunity of broiler chickens. | this study examines the supplementation of soy protein concentrates (spc) in the diet of straight run broiler chickens and its effect on their immunity and productive performance. eight hundred ross 308 mixed chicks were randomly assigned to four varied dietary treatments (200 birds each), four replicates per dietary treatment (50 chicks/replicate). the diets were a control without supplement (t0) or supplemented with t1 (7g), t2 (8g), and t3 (9g)/bird of 5% spc, which replaced sbm in the basal ... | 2020 | 33251252 |
| factors influencing chicken farmers' decisions to implement prevention and control measures to reduce avian influenza virus spread under endemic conditions. | the ongoing circulation of highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) h5n1 poses a threat to both poultry and public health. adapting the constructs of the health belief model (hbm) framework, we investigated perceptions of backyard, commercial broiler and layer chicken farmers to implement hpai prevention and control measures in bangladesh. two cross-sectional studies were conducted in 2016 and 2017 on 144 backyard, 106 broiler and 113 layer chicken farms. using structural equation modelling, we ... | 2020 | 33241659 |
| structural and biophysical insights into the tcrαβ complex in chickens. | in this work, chicken hpaiv h5n1 epitope-specific tcrαβ (ch-tcrαβ) was isolated and its structure was determined. the cα domain of ch-tcrαβ does not exhibit the typical structure of human tcrαβ, and the de loop extends outward, resulting in close proximity between the cα domain of ch-tcrαβ and cd3εδ/γ. the fg loop of the cβ domain of ch-tcrαβ is shorter. the changes in the c domains of ch-tcrαβ and the difference in chicken cd3εδ/γ confirm that the complexes formed by tcrαβ and cd3εδ/γ differ fr ... | 2020 | 33305184 |