| discovery of a protein sequence in the n-terminal region of the human neuronal alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor involved in homomeric interactions. | the neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit, alpha7, can form homopentameric receptor/ion channel complexes. potential contributions of its n-terminal region to homomeric interactions were investigated, in comparison with the corresponding region of an analogous heteromeric subunit, alpha3. recombinant chimeras were prepared upon engineering the n-terminal alpha7 (m1-v224) or alpha3 (m1-s232) sequence into the background of another homomeric mouse 5-hydroxytryptamine3 (5-ht)(3) recepto ... | 2002 | 12431773 |
| cloning, expression, and genomic organization of mouse mp29 gene. | human p29 has been demonstrated in the yeast two-hybrid method and in vitro gst pull-down assay to associate with gcip, a cyclin d interacting protein. in this study, we describe the cloning and genomic structure of the mouse homologue, mp29. the overall mouse mp29 amino acid sequence is highly identical (91%) to human p29. polyclonal antibody against mp29 was raised and the subcellular localization of mp29 was identified to be in the nucleus. genomic clones containing mp29 gene were isolated an ... | 2002 | 12437976 |
| the model b6(dom1) minor histocompatibility antigen is encoded by a mouse homolog of the yeast stt3 gene. | the b6(dom1) minor histocompatibility antigen (miha) is a model antigen, since it is both the epitome of an immunodominant epitope and an ideal target for adoptive cancer immunotherapy. based on dna sequencing and ms/ms analyses, we report that b6(dom1) corresponds to amino acids 770-778 (kapdnretl) of a protein we propose to call simp (source of immunodominant mhc-associated peptides) that is encoded by a mouse homolog of the yeast stt3gene. stt3, a member of the oligosaccharyltransferase compl ... | 2002 | 12439619 |
| evidence for the presence of habp1 pseudogene in multiple locations of mammalian genome. | the gene encoding hyaluronan-binding protein 1 (habp1) is expressed ubiquitously in different rat tissues, and is present in eukaryotic species from yeast to humans. fluorescence in situ hybridization indicates that this is localized in human chromosome 17p13.3. here, we report the presence of homologous sequences of habp1 cdna, termed processed habp1 pseudogene in humans. this is concluded from an additional pcr product of ~0.5 kb, along with the expected band at approximately 5 kb as observed ... | 2002 | 12443542 |
| b7/cd28-dependent cd4+cd25+ regulatory t cells are essential components of the memory-protective immunity to candida albicans. | protective immunity to the fungus candida albicans is mediated by ag-specific th1 cells. paradoxically, some th2 cytokines are required for the maintenance of th1-mediated immune resistance to the fungus. therefore, in addition to the th1/th2 balance, other mechanisms seem to be involved in the regulation of th1 immunity to the fungus. here we show that cd4(+)cd25(+) t cells, negatively regulating antifungal th1 reactivity, are generated in mice with candidiasis. cd4(+)cd25(+) t cells were not g ... | 2002 | 12444136 |
| functional consequences of the in-frame insertion of a transposon into the mutated gamma amino butyric acid transporter of saccharomyces cerevisiae. | the saccharomyces cerevisiae strain, 22574d, lacks gamma amino butyric acid (gaba) transport activity and cannot grow on this amino acid as sole nitrogen source. both transport of and growth on this amino acid are restored when the yeast is transformed with a form of mouse gamma actin containing an extended c-terminal sequence (m-g-a). the nature of the mutation in the transporter as well as the complementation mode are addressed. | 2002 | 12444371 |
| mouse mu opioid receptor distal promoter transcriptional regulation by sox proteins. | we have identified transcription factors that bind to specific sequences in 5'-distal promoter regulatory sequences of the mouse mu opioid receptor (mor) promoter using the yeast one-hybrid system. the sequence between -746 and -707 in mor distal promoter was used as the bait because it acts as a functional promoter element and binds several dna-binding proteins. from an adult mouse brain cdna library, five cdna clones encoding three sox gene family (sry like high mobility group (hmg) box gene) ... | 2003 | 12446692 |
| divergent subunit interactions among fungal mrna 5'-capping machineries. | the saccharomyces cerevisiae mrna capping enzyme consists of two subunits: an rna 5'-triphosphatase (rtpase) and gtp::mrna guanylyltransferase (gtase). the gtase subunit (ceg1) binds to the phosphorylated carboxyl-terminal domain of the largest subunit (ctd-p) of rna polymerase ii (pol ii), coupling capping with transcription. ceg1 bound to the ctd-p is inactive unless allosterically activated by interaction with the rtpase subunit (cet1). for purposes of comparison, we characterize here the rel ... | 2002 | 12455993 |
| dual mechanism of signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 activation by the insulin receptor. | insulin stimulates signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (stat5) activation in insulin receptor (ir)-overexpressing cell lines and in insulin target tissues of mice. stat5b and insulin receptor substrate 1 (irs-1) interact with the same autophosphorylation site in the ir [phosphotyrosine (py) 972] in yeast two-hybrid assays, and the ir phosphorylates stat5b in vitro. these data suggest that stat5 proteins might be recruited to, and phosphorylated by, the activated ir in vivo. nevert ... | 2002 | 12456798 |
| genetic selection for modulators of the map kinase and beta-catenin growth-control pathways in mammalian cells. | transdominant genetic selections can yield protein fragment and peptide modulators of specific biochemical pathways. in yeast, such screens have been highly successful in targeting the map (mitogen-activated protein) kinase growth-control pathway. we performed a similar type of selection aimed at recovery of modulators of the mammalian map kinase cascade. two pathway activators were identified, fragments of the trkb and raf-1 kinases. in a second selection directed at the beta-catenin growth-con ... | 2002 | 12463345 |
| functional domains involved in the interaction between orc1 and transcriptional repressor alf-c that bind to an origin/promoter of the rat aldolase b gene. | the promoter of the rat aldolase b (aldb) gene functions in vivo as an origin of dna replication in the cells in which transcription of the gene is repressed. previously, we identified two closely related dna-binding proteins, alf-c1 and alf-c2, which repressed the aldb gene promoter. we also reported that the binding site of these proteins, site c, is one of the required dna elements of the aldb gene origin/promoter for autonomously replicating activity in transfected cells. in the present stud ... | 2002 | 12466545 |
| on biased distribution of introns in various eukaryotes. | we conducted comprehensive analyses on intron positions in the mus musculus genome by comparing genomic sequences in the genbank database and cdna sequences in the mouse cdna library recently developed by riken genomic sciences center. our results confirm that introns have a tendency to be located toward the 5' end of the gene. the same type of analysis was conducted in the coding region of seven eukaryotes (saccharomyces cerevisiae, plasmodium falciparum, caenorhabditis elegans, drosophila mela ... | 2002 | 12468090 |
| the coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (car) forms a complex with the pdz domain-containing protein ligand-of-numb protein-x (lnx). | the coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (car) functions as a virus receptor, but its primary biological function is unknown. a yeast two-hybrid screen was used to identify ligand-of-numb protein-x (lnx) as a binding partner to the intracellular tail of car. lnx harbors several protein-protein interacting domains, including four pdz domains, and was previously shown to bind to and regulate the expression level of the cell-fate determinant numb. car was able to bind lnx both in vivo and in vitr ... | 2003 | 12468544 |
| mammalian septins nomenclature. | there are 10 known mammalian septin genes, some of which produce multiple splice variants. the current nomenclature for the genes and gene products is very confusing, with several different names having been given to the same gene product and distinct names given to splice variants of the same gene. moreover, some names are based on those of yeast or drosophila septins that are not the closest homologues. therefore, we suggest that the mammalian septin field adopt a common nomenclature system, b ... | 2002 | 12475938 |
| pink-eyed dilution protein modulates arsenic sensitivity and intracellular glutathione metabolism. | mutations in the mouse p (pink-eyed dilution) and human p genes lead to melanosomal defects and ocular developmental abnormalities. despite the critical role played by the p gene product in controlling tyrosinase processing and melanosome biogenesis, its precise biological function is still not defined. we have expressed p heterologously in the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae to study its function in greater detail. immunofluorescence studies revealed that p reaches the yeast vacuolar membrane vi ... | 2002 | 12475946 |
| ability of structurally diverse natural products and synthetic chemicals to induce gene expression mediated by estrogen receptors from various species. | the ability of 14 structurally diverse estrogenic compounds to induce reporter gene expression mediated by estrogen receptors (ers) from different species was examined. mcf-7 cells were transiently transfected with a gal4-regulated luciferase reporter gene (17m5-g-luc) and gal4-er chimeric receptors containing the d, e and f domains of the human alpha (gal4-heralphadef), mouse alpha (gal4-meralphadef), mouse beta (gal4-merbetadef), chicken (gal4-ceralphadef), green anole (gal4-aeralphadef), xeno ... | 2002 | 12477484 |
| atherosclerotic lesions and mitochondria dna deletions in brain microvessels as a central target for the development of human ad and ad-like pathology in aged transgenic mice. | we have studied the ultrastructural features of vascular lesions and mitochondria in brain vascular wall cells from human ad brain biopsy, human short postmortem brain tissues, and yeast artificial chromosome (yac) and c57b6/sjl transgenic positive (tg+) mice overexpressing amyloid beta precursor protein (abetapp). in situ hybridization using mitochondrial dna (mtdna) probes for human wild type, 5 kb deleted, and mouse mtdna was performed, along with immunocytochemistry using antibodies against ... | 2002 | 12480733 |
| the mammalian sir2alpha protein has a role in embryogenesis and gametogenesis. | the yeast sir2p protein has an essential role in maintaining telomeric and mating type genes in their transcriptionally inactive state. mammalian cells have a very large proportion of their genome inactive and also contain seven genes that have regions of homology with the yeast sir2 gene. one of these mammalian genes, sir2alpha, is the presumptive mammalian homologue of the yeast sir2 gene. we set out to determine if sir2alpha plays a role in mammalian gene silencing by creating a strain of mic ... | 2003 | 12482959 |
| lxxll-related motifs in dax-1 have target specificity for the orphan nuclear receptors ad4bp/sf-1 and lrh-1. | the orphan receptor ad4bp/sf-1 (nr5a1) is a constitutive activator, and its activity is repressed by another orphan receptor, dax-1 (nr0b1). in the present study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying this repression by dax-1. yeast two-hybrid and transient-transfection assays confirmed the necessity of three lxxll-related motifs in dax-1 for interaction with and repression of ad4bp/sf-1. in vitro pull-down experiments confirmed that dax-1 interacts with ad4bp/sf-1 and also with lr ... | 2003 | 12482977 |
| basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor epicardin/capsulin/pod-1 suppresses differentiation by negative regulation of transcription. | epicardin/capsulin/pod-1, expressed in skeletal myoblasts within brachial arches and in the condensing mesenchyme, is a member of the basic helix-loop-helix (bhlh) transcription factor family that is involved in various cell differentiation processes. in this study, we examined the functional properties of epicardin/capsulin/pod-1 in differentiation. the yeast and mammalian two-hybrid systems showed physical associations between epicardin/capsulin/pod-1 and e2a, both of which were present in the ... | 2003 | 12493738 |
| differential cytokine pattern in the spleens and livers of balb/c mice infected with penicillium marneffei: protective role of gamma interferon. | penicillium marneffei is an intracellular opportunistic fungus causing invasive mycosis in aids patients. t cells and macrophages are important for protection in vivo. however, the role of t-cell cytokines in the immune response against p. marneffei is still unknown. we studied by semiquantitative reverse transcription-pcr and biological assays the patterns of expression of th1 and th2 cytokines in the organs of wild-type (wt) and gamma interferon (ifn-gamma) knockout (gko) mice infected intrave ... | 2003 | 12496197 |
| cellular cadmium uptake mediated by the transport system for manganese. | the mechanism of cellular cadmium (cd) uptake has been poorly understood. recently, we developed cd-resistant cell lines from metallothionein null mouse cells and showed that the cd resistance of these cells was conferred primarily by a reduced cd accumulation. surprisingly, the uptake rate of manganese (mn) was also markedly reduced in cd-resistant cells. subsequent studies on the kinetics of cd and mn uptake by cd-resistant and parental cells revealed that the mn transport system with high aff ... | 2002 | 12498325 |
| a yeast display system for engineering functional peptide-mhc complexes. | in a cellular immune response, antigenic peptides derived by intracellular processing of foreign pathogens are bound to the class i major histocompatability complex (mhc i) and presented to cd8(+) cytotoxic t cells. although the crystal structures of several different mhc products have been solved, many mhc molecules, including some associated with diseases, have not been amenable to biochemical and structural studies. the variability in this success is based largely on the fact that peptide-mhc ... | 2003 | 12505727 |
| n-terminal acetyltransferases and sequence requirements for n-terminal acetylation of eukaryotic proteins. | n(alpha)-terminal acetylation occurs in the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae by any of three n-terminal acetyltransferases (nat), nata, natb, and natc, which contain ard1p, nat3p and mak3p catalytic subunits, respectively. the n-terminal sequences required for n-terminal acetylation, i.e. the nata, natb, and natc substrates, were evaluated by considering over 450 yeast proteins previously examined in numerous studies, and were compared to the n-terminal sequences of more than 300 acetylated mammal ... | 2003 | 12507466 |
| human kallikrein 13: production and purification of recombinant protein and monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies, and development of a sensitive and specific immunofluorometric assay. | the aims of this study were to develop immunologic reagents and a sensitive and specific immunoassay for human kallikrein 13 (hk13) and to examine the presence of hk13 in human tissues and biological fluids. | 2003 | 12507963 |
| trapping and characterization of novel retinoid response elements. | retinoids, such as retinoic acid (ra), play a critical role in normal vertebrate development and physiology. however, embryonic exposure to excess retinoids also causes severe malformations. retinoids bind ra receptors and retinoid x receptors, thus activating a plethora of genes. separating the genes induced directly by retinoid-bound receptors from those induced subsequently by other transcription factors is difficult. the loose consensus defining known ra responsive elements (rares) further c ... | 2003 | 12511604 |
| allosteric regulation of mouse brain serine racemase. | serine racemase, purified from mouse brain, consisted of two isoforms. they had similar enzymatic properties and had molecular weights of about 55 kda based on size exclusion chromatography. this is about twice that reported from its electrophoretic mobility on sds gels or from the amino acid sequence of the recombinant enzyme. in addition to the previously reported requirements for pyridoxal phosphate and reducing agents, we found that both forms of the enzyme required mg2+ and were strongly st ... | 2002 | 12515328 |
| nlsdb: database of nuclear localization signals. | nlsdb is a database of nuclear localization signals (nlss) and of nuclear proteins. nlss are short stretches of residues mediating transport of nuclear proteins into the nucleus. the database contains 114 experimentally determined nlss that were obtained through an extensive literature search. using 'in silico mutagenesis' this set was extended to 308 experimental and potential nlss. this final set matched over 43% of all known nuclear proteins and matches no currently known non-nuclear protein. ... | 2003 | 12520032 |
| identification of a novel protein, pdip38, that interacts with the p50 subunit of dna polymerase delta and proliferating cell nuclear antigen. | the yeast two-hybrid screening method was used to identify novel proteins that associate with human dna polymerase delta (pol delta). two baits were used in this study. these were the large (p125) and small (p50) subunits of the core pol delta heterodimer. p50 was the only positive isolated with p125 as the bait. two novel protein partners, named pdip38 and pdip46, were identified from the p50 screen. in this study, the interaction of pdip38 with pol delta was further characterized. pdip38 encod ... | 2003 | 12522211 |
| polycystin-2 interacts with troponin i, an angiogenesis inhibitor. | polycystin-2 (pc2), encoded by the pkd2 gene, is mutated in 10-15% of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (adpkd) patients. pc2 is a ca(2+)-permeable nonselective cation channel and is present in kidney and many other organs. likewise, pkd2-mutated patients and mice exhibit extrarenal abnormalities. in comparison with cysts in the kidney, liver, and pancreas, abnormalities in the heart, brain, and vascular vessels are less understood. in particular, roles of pc2 in muscle and endothelia ... | 2003 | 12525172 |
| evidence implicating ku antigen as a structural factor in rna polymerase ii-mediated transcription. | ku antigen is an abundant nuclear protein with multiple functions that depend mainly on ku's prolific and highly verstatile interactions with dna. we have shown previously that the direct binding of ku in vitro to negative regulatory element 1 (nre1), a transcriptional regulatory element in the long terminal repeat of mouse mammary tumour virus, correlates with the regulation of viral transcription by ku. in this study, we have sought to explore the interaction of ku with nre1 in vivo in yeast o ... | 2003 | 12527196 |
| ras-mediated apoptosis of pc cl 3 rat thyroid cells induced by ret/ptc oncogenes. | ret gene rearrangements, which generate chimeric ret/ptc oncogenes, are early events in the evolution of thyroid papillary carcinomas. expression of ret/ptc oncogenes promotes neoplastic transformation of cultured thyroid cells and of thyroid glands in transgenic mice. notwithstanding these oncogenic effects, we have found that the expression of two ret/ptc oncogenes (h4-ret and rfg-ret) induces apoptosis of rat thyroid pc cl 3 cells. promotion of thyroid cell death depends on the kinase activit ... | 2003 | 12527893 |
| uncleaved bap31 in association with a4 protein at the endoplasmic reticulum is an inhibitor of fas-initiated release of cytochrome c from mitochondria. | bap31 is a polytopic integral protein of the endoplasmic reticulum membrane and, like bid, is a preferred substrate of caspase-8. upon fas/cd95 stimulation, bap31 is cleaved within its cytosolic domain, generating proapoptotic p20 bap31. in human kb epithelial cells expressing the caspase-resistant mutant crbap31, fas stimulation resulted in cleavage of bid and insertion of bax into mitochondrial membrane, but subsequent oligomerization of bax and bak, egress of cytochrome c to the cytosol, and ... | 2003 | 12529377 |
| analysis of mouse rad54 expression and its implications for homologous recombination. | homologous recombination is one of the major pathways for repair of dna double-strand breaks (dsbs). important proteins in this pathway are rad51 and rad54. rad51 forms a nucleoprotein filament on single-stranded dna (ssdna) that mediates pairing with and strand invasion of homologous duplex dna with the assist of rad54. we estimated that the nucleus of a mouse embryonic stem (es) cells contains on average 4.7x10(5) rad51 and 2.4x10(5) rad54 molecules. furthermore, we showed that the amount of r ... | 2002 | 12531026 |
| stearoyl-coa desaturase, a short-lived protein of endoplasmic reticulum with multiple control mechanisms. | stearoyl-coa desaturase (scd) is a short-lived, polytopic membrane-bound non-heme iron enzyme localized primarily in the endoplasmic reticulum. scd is required for the biosynthesis of monounsaturated fatty acids, and plays a key role in hepatic synthesis of triglycerides and very-low-density lipoproteins. the intracellular concentration of scd fluctuates in a wide range in response to complex and often competing hormonal and dietary factors. a combination of transcriptional regulation and rapid ... | 2003 | 12538076 |
| the mouse organellar biogenesis mutant buff results from a mutation in vps33a, a homologue of yeast vps33 and drosophila carnation. | in the mouse, more than 16 loci are associated with mutant phenotypes that include defective pigmentation, aberrant targeting of lysosomal enzymes, prolonged bleeding, and immunodeficiency, the result of defective biogenesis of cytoplasmic organelles: melanosomes, lysosomes, and various storage granules. many of these mouse mutants are homologous to the human hermansky-pudlak syndrome (hps), chediak-higashi syndrome, and griscelli syndrome. we have mapped and positionally cloned one of these mou ... | 2003 | 12538872 |
| an integrated physical and gene map of the 3.5-mb chromosome 3p21.3 (ap20) region implicated in major human epithelial malignancies. | to facilitate the identification of tumor suppressor genes in the chromosome 3p21.3-p22 ap20 subregion, we constructed a 3.5-mb physical and gene map of this segment (between markers d3s4285 and d3s3873) that spans the distance from 124.4cr3000 to 133.5 cr3000 of the gb4 genetic map. we used noti-linking and -jumping clones, sequence-tagged site pcr marker analysis, and multicolor and fiber fluorescence in situ hybridization to confirm the sequence order and map orientation. an integrated clone ... | 2003 | 12543795 |
| loss of hr6b ubiquitin-conjugating activity results in damaged synaptonemal complex structure and increased crossing-over frequency during the male meiotic prophase. | the ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes hr6a and hr6b are the two mammalian homologs of saccharomyces cerevisiae rad6. in yeast, rad6 plays an important role in postreplication dna repair and in sporulation. hr6b knockout mice are viable, but spermatogenesis is markedly affected during postmeiotic steps, leading to male infertility. in the present study, increased apoptosis of hr6b knockout primary spermatocytes was detected during the first wave of spermatogenesis, indicating that hr6b performs a pri ... | 2003 | 12556476 |
| disruption of the pelota gene causes early embryonic lethality and defects in cell cycle progression. | mutations in either the drosophila melanogaster pelota or pelo gene or the saccharomyces cerevisiae homologous gene, dom34, cause defects of spermatogenesis and oogenesis in drosophila, and delay of growth and failure of sporulation in yeast. these phenotypes suggest that pelota is required for normal progression of the mitotic and meiotic cell cycle. to determine the role of the pelota in mouse development and progression of cell cycle, we have established a targeted disruption of the mouse pel ... | 2003 | 12556505 |
| self-interaction of heterochromatin protein 1 is required for direct binding to histone methyltransferase, suv39h1. | heterochromatin protein 1 (hp1) binds to the nucleosome via a methylated lysine residue 9 of histone h3 which is catalyzed by a histone methyltransferase such as suv39h1. although co-localization of hp1 and suv39h1 has been evident in immunostaining and immunoprecipitation experiments, direct protein-protein interactions have remained to be characterized. we examined interactions between mouse hp1 alpha (mhp1 alpha) and suv39h1 in yeast and in vitro. a yeast two-hybrid and a glutathione s-transf ... | 2003 | 12565857 |
| interaction of retinal bzip transcription factor nrl with flt3-interacting zinc-finger protein fiz1: possible role of fiz1 as a transcriptional repressor. | nrl (neural retina leucine zipper) is a basic motif leucine zipper transcription factor of the maf-subfamily. multiple phosphorylated isoforms of nrl are detected specifically in rod photoreceptors. nrl regulates the expression of several rod-specific genes, including rhodopsin and cgmp phosphodiesterase beta-subunit, in synergy with other transcription factors (e.g. the homeodomain protein crx). missense mutations in the human nrl gene are associated with autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa ... | 2003 | 12566383 |
| tes is a novel focal adhesion protein with a role in cell spreading. | previously, we identified tes as a novel candidate tumour suppressor gene that mapped to human chromosome 7q31.1. in this report we demonstrate that the tes protein is localised at focal adhesions, actin stress fibres and areas of cell-cell contact. tes has three c-terminal lim domains that appear to be important for focal adhesion targeting. additionally, the n-terminal region is important for targeting tes to actin stress fibres. yeast two-hybrid and biochemical analyses yielded interactions w ... | 2003 | 12571287 |
| hypothesis: a glycoprotein-degradation complex formed by protein-protein interaction involves cytoplasmic peptide:n-glycanase. | a cytoplasmic peptide:n-glycanase has been implicated in the proteasomal degradation of newly synthesized misfolded glycoproteins that are exported from the endoplasmic reticulum to the cytosol. recently, the gene encoding this enzyme (png1p) was identified in yeast and shown to bind to the 26s proteasome through its interaction with a component of the dna repair system, rad23p. moreover, a mouse homologue of png1p (mpng1p), which has an extended n-terminal domain, was found to bind not only to ... | 2003 | 12593838 |
| induction of nonmuscle myosin heavy chain ii-c by butyrate in raw 264.7 mouse macrophages. | raw 264.7 macrophages express nonmuscle myosin heavy chain ii-a as the only significant nonmuscle myosin heavy chain isoform, with expression of nonmuscle myosin heavy chain ii-b and ii-c low or absent. treatment of the cells with sodium butyrate, an inhibitor of histone deacetylase, led to the dose-dependent induction of nonmuscle myosin heavy chain ii-c. trichostatin a, another inhibitor of histone deacetylase, also induced nonmuscle myosin heavy chain ii-c. induction of nonmuscle myosin heavy ... | 2003 | 12598534 |
| novel espin actin-bundling proteins are localized to purkinje cell dendritic spines and bind the src homology 3 adapter protein insulin receptor substrate p53. | we identified a group of actin-binding-bundling proteins that are expressed in cerebellar purkinje cells (pcs) but are not detected in other neurons of the cns. these proteins are novel isoforms of the actin-bundling protein espin that arise through the use of a unique site for transcriptional initiation and differential splicing. light and electron microscopic localization studies demonstrated that these espin isoforms are enriched in the dendritic spines of pcs. they were detected in the head ... | 2003 | 12598619 |
| coenzyme-based functional assignments of short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (sdrs). | short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (sdrs) are enzymes of great functional diversity. in spite of a residue identity of only 15-30%, the folds are conserved to a large extent, with specific sequence motifs detectable. we have developed an assignment scheme based on these motifs and detect five families. only two of these were known before, called 'classical' and 'extended', but are now distinguished at a further level based on patterns of charged residues in the coenzyme-binding region, giving ... | 2003 | 12604213 |
| a-kinase anchoring protein 4 binding proteins in the fibrous sheath of the sperm flagellum. | the fibrous sheath is a unique cytoskeletal structure located in the principal piece of the sperm flagellum and is constructed of two longitudinal columns connected by closely spaced circumferential ribs. cyclic amp-dependent protein kinases are secured within specific cytoplasmic domains by a-kinase anchoring proteins (akaps), and the most abundant protein in the fibrous sheath is akap4. several other fibrous sheath proteins have been identified, but how the fibrous sheath assembles is not unde ... | 2003 | 12606363 |
| tailoring the genome: the power of genetic approaches. | in the last century, genetics has developed into one of the most powerful tools for addressing basic questions concerning inheritance, development, individual and social operations and death. here we summarize the current approaches to these questions in four of the most advanced models organisms: saccharomyces cerevisiae (yeast), caenorhabditis elegans (worm), drosophila melanogaster (fly) and mus musculus (mouse). the genomes of each of these four models have been sequenced, and all have well ... | 2003 | 12610537 |
| transcriptional regulation of the nuclear gene encoding the alpha-subunit of the mammalian mitochondrial f1f0 atp synthase complex: role for the orphan nuclear receptor, coup-tfii/arp-1. | our laboratory has been studying the transcriptional regulation of the nuclear gene (atpa) that encodes the alpha-subunit of the mammalian mitochondrial f1f0 atp synthase complex. we have previously determined that the regulatory factor, upstream stimulatory factor 2 (usf2), can stimulate transcription of the atpa gene through the cis-acting regulatory element 1 in the upstream promoter of this gene. in this study, we used the yeast one-hybrid screening method to identify another factor, coup-tf ... | 2003 | 12614160 |
| nuclear localization of senescence marker protein-30, smp30, in cultured mouse hepatocytes and its similarity to rna polymerase. | senescence marker protein-30 (smp30), expressed mostly in the liver, protects cells against various injuries by stimulating membrane calcium-pump activity. by immunohistochemistry and western blotting, we found that smp30 was in both the nuclei and cytoplasm of cultured mouse hepatocytes. by a homology search, we found that a domain of the smp30 sequence 51 amino acid residues long was 60-66% similar to bacterial and yeast rna polymerases. | 2003 | 12619687 |
| hsf-1 interacts with ral-binding protein 1 in a stress-responsive, multiprotein complex with hsp90 in vivo. | heat shock factor 1 (hsf1) regulates the rapid and transient expression of heat shock genes in response to stress. the transcriptional activity of hsf1 is tightly controlled, and under physiological growth conditions, the hsf1 monomer is in a heterocomplex with the molecular chaperone hsp90. through unknown mechanisms, transcriptionally repressed hsf1.hsp90 heterocomplexes dissociate following stress, which triggers hsf1 activation and heat shock gene transcription. using a yeast two-hybrid scre ... | 2003 | 12621024 |
| the c-terminal kinase domain of the p34cdc2-related pitslre protein kinase (p110c) associates with p21-activated kinase 1 and inhibits its activity during anoikis. | the pitslre protein kinases are parts of the large family of p34cdc2-related kinases. during apoptosis induced by some stimuli, specific pitslre isoforms are cleaved by caspase to produce a protein that contains the c-terminal kinase domain of the pitslre proteins (p110c). the p110c induces apoptosis when it is ectopically expressed in chinese hamster ovary cells. in our study, similar induction of this p110c was observed during anoikis in nih3t3 cells. to investigate the molecular mechanism of ... | 2003 | 12624090 |
| isolation and characterization of a myo-inositol 1-phosphate synthase cdna from developing sesame (sesamum indicum l.) seeds: functional and differential expression, and salt-induced transcription during germination. | a cdna (semips1) encoding myo-inositol 1-phosphate synthase (ec 5.5.1.4) (mips) has been characterized from sesame (sesamum indicum l. cv. dan-baek) seeds and its functional expression analyzed. the semips1 protein was highly homologous with those from other plant species (88-94%), while a much lower degree of sequence homology (53-62%) was found with other organisms such as humans, mouse, algae, yeast, drosophila, bacteria and other prokaryotes. a yeast-based complementation assay in yeast muta ... | 2003 | 12624775 |
| isolation and characterization of an avirulent candida albicans yeast monomorphic mutant. | mutagenesis of candida albicans strain atcc 26555 with n-methyl-nitro-n-nitrosoguanidine followed by plating on solid yeast nitrogen base-n-acetylglucosamine medium at 37 degrees c yielded colony morphology variants that were characterized as forming smooth colonies, in contrast to the rough colonies formed by the parental strain. one yeast monomorphic mutant, cal4, was studied in detail. strain cal4 is defective in filamentous growth, unable to form hyphae or pseudohyphae in vivo and in vitro. ... | 2003 | 12627803 |
| wnt signaling in b-cell neoplasia. | wnts comprise a family of secreted proteins that interact with receptors consisting of a frizzled (fz) family member alone or complexed with ldl receptor-related proteins (lrp5/6). wnt signaling plays a crucial role in both development and differentiation, and activation of a 'canonical' wnt pathway resulting in beta-catenin stabilization is associated with several types of human cancers. to date, little is known about potential wnt signaling in mature lymphocytes or lymphoid neoplasia. herein, ... | 2003 | 12629517 |
| mitochondrial protein import: recognition of internal import signals of bcs1 by the tom complex. | bcs1, a component of the inner membrane of mitochondria, belongs to the group of proteins with internal, noncleavable import signals. import and intramitochondrial sorting of bcs1 are encoded in the n-terminal 126 amino acid residues. three sequence elements were identified in this region, namely, the transmembrane domain (amino acid residues 51 to 68), a presequence type helix (residues 69 to 83), and an import auxiliary region (residues 84 to 126). the transmembrane domain is not required for ... | 2003 | 12640110 |
| the absence of sir2alpha protein has no effect on global gene silencing in mouse embryonic stem cells. | the yeast sir2 gene plays a central role in mediating gene silencing and dna repair in this organism. the mouse sir2alpha gene is closely related to its yeast homologue and encodes a nuclear protein expressed at particularly high levels in embryonic stem (es) cells. we used homologous recombination to create es cells null for sir2alpha and found that these cells did not have elevated levels of acetylated histones and did not ectopically express silent genes. unlike yeast sir2 mutants, our sir2al ... | 2003 | 12651913 |
| the atp-dependent lon protease of mus musculus is a dna-binding protein that is functionally conserved between yeast and mammals. | the atp-dependent lon protease is a multi-functional enzyme that is conserved from archae to mammalian mitochondria, which not only degrades protein substrates but also binds dna. as a starting point toward understanding lon function in development, the mouse lon cdna was cloned and the encoded protein was characterized in cultured mammalian cells, in yeast and in vitro. mouse lon shows 87, 40 and 33% amino acid similarity with the human, yeast and bacterial homologs, respectively. expression of ... | 2003 | 12657466 |
| phosphorylation of histone h2ax and activation of mre11, rad50, and nbs1 in response to replication-dependent dna double-strand breaks induced by mammalian dna topoisomerase i cleavage complexes. | dna double-strand breaks originating from diverse causes in eukaryotic cells are accompanied by the formation of phosphorylated h2ax (gammah2ax) foci. here we show that gammah2ax formation is also a cellular response to topoisomerase i cleavage complexes known to induce dna double-strand breaks during replication. in hct116 human carcinoma cells exposed to the topoisomerase i inhibitor camptothecin, the resulting gammah2ax formation can be prevented with the phosphatidylinositol 3-oh kinase-rela ... | 2003 | 12660252 |
| the hermansky-pudlak syndrome 1 (hps1) and hps4 proteins are components of two complexes, bloc-3 and bloc-4, involved in the biogenesis of lysosome-related organelles. | hermansky-pudlak syndrome (hps) is a genetic disease of lysosome, melanosome, and granule biogenesis. mutations of six different loci have been associated with hps in humans, the most frequent of which are mutations of the hps1 and hps4 genes. here, we show that the hps1 and hps4 proteins are components of two novel protein complexes involved in biogenesis of melanosome and lysosome-related organelles: biogenesis of lysosome-related organelles complex-(bloc) 3 and bloc-4. the phenotypes of hps1- ... | 2003 | 12663659 |
| endogenous assays of dna methyltransferases: evidence for differential activities of dnmt1, dnmt2, and dnmt3 in mammalian cells in vivo. | while cpg methylation can be readily analyzed at the dna sequence level in wild-type and mutant cells, the actual dna (cytosine-5) methyltransferases (dnmts) responsible for in vivo methylation on genomic dna are less tractable. we used an antibody-based method to identify specific endogenous dnmts (dnmt1, dnmt1b, dnmt2, dnmt3a, and dnmt3b) that stably and selectively bind to genomic dna containing 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (aza-dc) in vivo. selective binding to aza-dc-containing dna suggests that ... | 2003 | 12665573 |
| secreted expression of dengue virus type 2 full-length envelope glycoprotein in pichia pastoris. | the full-length envelope glycoprotein gene of dengue virus type 2 was cloned using an rt-pcr method from the infected c6/36 cells and inserted into ppiczab vector. the recombinant plasmid was integrated into pichia pastoris by electroporation and the expressed product was identified by sds-page and western blotting. high-level secreted expression was performed by determining the mut(+) phenotype and screening multi-copy integrants in the recombinant yeast cells. a recombinant protein with a mole ... | 2003 | 12668263 |
| prokaryotic and eukaryotic translational machineries respond differently to the frameshifting rna signal from plant or animal virus. | many mutational and structural analyses of the rna signals propose a hypothesis that programmed frameshifting occurs by a specific interaction between ribosome and frameshifting signals comprised of a shifty site and a downstream rna structure, in which the exact nature of the interaction has not yet been proven. to address this question, we analyzed the frameshifting sequence elements from animal or plant virus in yeast and escherichia coli. frameshifting efficiencies varied in yeast, but not i ... | 2003 | 12686425 |
| modulation of splicing events in histone deacetylase 3 by various extracellular and signal transduction pathways. | within the context of the chromatin environment histone deacetylases are important transcriptional regulators. three classes of human histone deacetylases have currently been identified on the basis of their similarity to yeast proteins. the class i enzymes contain four members: hdacs 1-3 and hdac8. of these, hdac3 is known to generate transcript variants with altered amino-terminal regions. here we describe the identification of a novel splice variant of hdac3, in which exon 3 is alternatively ... | 2003 | 12691522 |
| candida albicans rho1 is required for cell viability in vitro and in vivo. | in saccharomyces cerevisiae, rho1p plays an important role in cell wall integrity by regulating beta-1,3-glucan synthase, pkc1p and the actin cytoskeleton. to determine the physiological role of rho1p in the dimorphic fungus candida albicans, the major human fungal pathogen, we constructed mutants that conditionally express rho1p from the glucose-repressible phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase promoter (ppck1). we examined the growth of these cells in a range of conditions. depletion of rho1p from ... | 2002 | 12702298 |
| deletion of the aspergillus fumigatus gene encoding the ras-related protein rhba reduces virulence in a model of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. | aspergillus fumigatus is the predominant mold pathogen in patients who lack functional innate immunity. the a. fumigatus rhba gene was first identified as a transcript that was upregulated when the organism was grown in the presence of mammalian cells. to gain insight into the function of rhba in the growth and pathogenesis of a. fumigatus, we constructed a strain that lacks a functional rhba gene. the delta rhba mutant showed a significant reduction in virulence compared to the virulence of the ... | 2003 | 12704156 |
| defining desmosomal plakophilin-3 interactions. | plakophilin 3 (pkp3) is a recently described armadillo protein of the desmosomal plaque, which is synthesized in simple and stratified epithelia. we investigated the localization pattern of endogenous and exogenous pkp3 and fragments thereof. the desmosomal binding properties of pkp3 were determined using yeast two-hybrid, coimmunoprecipitation and colocalization experiments. to this end, novel mouse anti-pkp3 mabs were generated. we found that pkp3 binds all three desmogleins, desmocollin (dsc) ... | 2003 | 12707304 |
| a very long-chain acyl-coa synthetase-deficient mouse and its relevance to x-linked adrenoleukodystrophy. | x-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (x-ald) is a neurodegenerative and endocrine disorder resulting from mutations in abcd1 which encodes a peroxisomal membrane protein in the atp binding cassette superfamily. the biochemical signature of x-ald is increased levels of saturated very long-chain fatty acids (vlcfa; carbon chains of 22 or more) in tissues and plasma that has been associated with decreased peroxisomal very long-chain acyl-coa synthetase (vlcs) activity and decreased peroxisomal vlcfa beta- ... | 2003 | 12719378 |
| rh-rhag/ankyrin-r, a new interaction site between the membrane bilayer and the red cell skeleton, is impaired by rh(null)-associated mutation. | several studies suggest that the rh complex represents a major interaction site between the membrane lipid bilayer and the red cell skeleton, but little is known about the molecular basis of this interaction. we report here that ankyrin-r is capable of interacting directly with the c-terminal cytoplasmic domain of rh and rhag polypeptides. we first show that the primary defect of ankyrin-r in normoblastosis (nb/nb) spherocytosis mutant mice is associated with a sharp reduction of rhag and rh pol ... | 2003 | 12719424 |
| structure and biological activities of beta-glucans from yeast and mycelial forms of candida albicans. | we have achieved the extraction of cell wall beta-glucan from the mycelial form of candida albicans (c. albicans) ifo 0579 (m-csbg) by using acetic acid, sodium hypochlorite (naclo), and dimethylsulfoxide (dmso) treatments. the yield of m-csbg was significantly lower (7.5% from dried mycelial cells) than that of the yeast form from c. albicans ifo 1385 (y-csbg, 25.9% from dried yeast cells). the properties of m-csbg were similar to those of y-csbg in terms of nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) spe ... | 2003 | 12725286 |
| the septin 9 (msf) gene is amplified and overexpressed in mouse mammary gland adenocarcinomas and human breast cancer cell lines. | the expression of polyomavirus middle t antigen under the control of the mouse mammary tumor virus promoter in transgenic mice results in the induction of aggressive mammary gland adenocarcinomas at an early age. we screened 26 tumors for chromosomal aneuploidies using sky and cgh. in 70% of the tumor samples we could detect high-level copy number gains, which mapped to chromosome band 11e2, a region orthologous to human 17q25.3. we then identified a bacterial artificial chromosome clone that la ... | 2003 | 12727837 |
| ebv-encoded ebna-5 associates with p14arf in extranucleolar inclusions and prolongs the survival of p14arf-expressing cells. | epstein-barr virus (ebv) carrying lymphoblastoid cells of normal origin express the full program of all 9 virus-encoded, growth transformation associated proteins. they have an intact p53 pathway as a rule. this raises the question of whether any of the viral proteins impair the pathway functionally. using a yeast 2-hybrid system, we have shown that ebna-5 but not the other ebnas interacts with the p14arf protein, a regulator of the p53 pathway. the interaction was confirmed in vitro using a gst ... | 2003 | 12740913 |
| fak induces expression of prx1 to promote tenascin-c-dependent fibroblast migration. | fibroblast migration depends, in part, on activation of fak and cellular interactions with tenascin-c (tn-c). consistent with the idea that fak regulates tn-c, migration-defective fak-null cells expressed reduced levels of tn-c. furthermore, expression of fak in fak-null fibroblasts induced tn-c, whereas inhibition of fak activity in fak-wild-type cells had the opposite effect. paired-related homeobox 1 (prx1) encodes a homeobox transcription factor that induces tn-c by interacting with a bindin ... | 2003 | 12741393 |
| the viral death protein apoptin interacts with hippi, the protein interactor of huntingtin-interacting protein 1. | apoptin, a chicken anemia virus-encoded protein, induces apoptosis in human tumor cells but not in normal cells. the tumor-specific activity of apoptin is correlated with its nuclear localization in tumor cells. in an attempt to elucidate the molecular mechanism of apoptin-induced apoptosis, we identified human hippi, the protein interactor and apoptosis co-mediator of huntingtin interacting protein 1, as one of the apoptin-associated proteins by yeast two-hybrid screen. we also demonstrated tha ... | 2003 | 12745083 |
| calcium-regulated interaction of sgt1 with s100a6 (calcyclin) and other s100 proteins. | s100a6 (calcyclin), a small calcium-binding protein from the s100 family, interacts with several target proteins in a calcium-regulated manner. one target is calcyclin-binding protein/siah-1-interacting protein (cacybp/sip), a component of a novel pathway of beta-catenin ubiquitination. a recently discovered yeast homolog of cacybp/sip, sgt1, associates with skp1 and regulates its function in the skp1/cullin1/f-box complex ubiquitin ligase and in kinetochore complexes. s100a6-binding domain of c ... | 2003 | 12746458 |
| inhibition of p300/cbp by early b-cell factor. | early b-cell factor (ebf) is a dna binding protein required for early b-cell development. it activates transcription of several b-cell-specific genes, including the lambda5 gene, which encodes a protein necessary for signaling by the pre-b-cell receptor. in an effort to understand the mechanism by which ebf activates transcription, we examined its interaction with the coactivator protein p300/cbp. we found that two domains of ebf each bind the histone acetyltransferase (hat)/ch3 domain of p300/c ... | 2003 | 12748286 |
| the histidine triad protein hint is not required for murine development or cdk7 function. | the histidine triad (hit) protein hint has been found to associate with mammalian cdk7, as well as to interact both physically and genetically with the budding yeast cdk7 homologue kin28. to study the function of hint and to explore its possible role in modulating cdk7 activity in vivo, we have characterized the expression pattern of murine hint and generated hint-deficient (hint(-/-)) mice. hint was widely expressed during mouse development, with pronounced expression in several neuronal gangli ... | 2003 | 12748294 |
| cancer preventive potential of trichothecenes from trichothecium roseum. | bioassay-guided separation of extracts from the culture broth and mycelium of the fungus trichothecium roseum, aiming at the discovery for cancer preventive agents, resulted in the isolation of three new trichothecene sesquiterpenes, trichothecinols a-c (1-3) together with three known analogues, trichothecin (4), trichodermol (5) and trichothecolone (6). compounds 1-6 exhibited remarkably potent inhibition against epstein-barr virus early antigen (ebv-ea) activation induced by the tumor promoter ... | 2003 | 12757719 |
| regulation of alternative splicing of gtf2ird1 and its impact on slow muscle promoter activity. | a human mustrd (muscle tfii-i repeat domain (rd)-containing protein) isoform was originally identified in a yeast one-hybrid screen as a protein that binds the slow fibre-specific enhancer of the muscle gene troponin i slow [o'mahoney, guven, lin, joya, robinson, wade and hardeman (1998) mol. cell. biol. 18, 6641-6652]. mustrd shares homology with the general transcription factor tfii-i by the presence of diagnostic i-rds [roy (2001) gene 274, 1-13]. the human gene encoding mustrd, gtf2ird1 ( wb ... | 2003 | 12780350 |
| genomic organization and expression of mouse tpt1 gene. | the translationally controlled tumor protein (tctp), also known as histamine-releasing factor (hrf), is encoded by a gene (tpt1) that is highly conserved throughout phylogeny. tctp is implicated in cell growth, acute allergic response, and apoptosis. in the present study, seven putative tpt1 genes with different chromosomal localizations were identified in the mouse genome. in six of them, analysis of the 5' and 3' untranslated regions revealed the presence of flanking direct repeats and residua ... | 2003 | 12782126 |
| ten families of variant genes encoded in subtelomeric regions of multiple chromosomes of plasmodium chabaudi, a malaria species that undergoes antigenic variation in the laboratory mouse. | the chromosome ends of human malaria parasites harbour many genes encoding proteins that are exported to the surface of infected red cells, often being involved in host-parasite interactions and immune evasion. unlike other murine malaria parasites plasmodium chabaudi undergoes antigenic variation during passage in the laboratory mouse and hence is a model suitable for investigation of switching mechanisms. however, little is known about the subtelomeric regions of p. chabaudi chromosomes and it ... | 2003 | 12787350 |
| identification of the motifs and amino acids in aggrecan g1 and g2 domains involved in product secretion. | members of the large aggregating chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans are characterized by an n-terminal fragment known as g1 domain, which is composed of an immunoglobulin (igg)-like motif and two tandem repeats (tr). previous studies have indicated that the expressed product of aggrecan g1 domain was not secreted. here we demonstrated that the inability of g1 secretion was associated with the tandem repeats but not the igg-like motif, and specifically with tr1 of aggrecan. we also demonstrated th ... | 2003 | 12795619 |
| interaction of the bullous pemphigoid antigen 1 (bp230) and desmoplakin with intermediate filaments is mediated by distinct sequences within their cooh terminus. | the bullous pemphigoid antigen 1 (bp230) and desmoplakin (dp) are members of the plakin protein family of cytolinkers. despite their homology, their cooh termini selectively bind distinct intermediate filaments (ifs). we studied sequences within their cooh termini required for their interaction with the epidermal keratins k5/k14, the simple epithelial keratins k8/k18, and type iii if vimentin by yeast three-hybrid, cell transfection, and overlay assays. the results indicate that bp230 interacts ... | 2003 | 12802069 |
| akap7gamma is a nuclear ri-binding akap. | spatial regulation of protein kinase a (pka) is accomplished by its sequestration via a-kinase anchor proteins (akaps). pka activity is critical for mammalian oocyte development, suggesting that pka must be appropriately positioned in these large cells. a screen for akaps in oocytes identified akap7gamma, an akap originally found in pancreas. yeast two-hybrid analysis and co-immunoprecipitation studies showed that akap7gamma bound the type i pka regulatory subunit (ri) and that the ri-binding do ... | 2003 | 12804576 |
| repair of damaged and mismatched dna by the xpc homologues rhp41 and rhp42 of fission yeast. | rhp41 and rhp42 of schizosaccharomyces pombe are homologues of human xpc, which is involved in nucleotide excision repair (ner) of damaged dna. inactivation of rhp41 caused moderate sensitivity to ultraviolet (uv) radiation. in addition, an increase of mitotic mutation rates was observed in the rhp41 mutant, which was dependent on active translesion polymerase z. uv sensitivity and mutation rates were not different between rhp42 and wild type, but compared to rhp41 were further increased in rhp4 ... | 2003 | 12807767 |
| selective striatal neuronal loss in a yac128 mouse model of huntington disease. | an expanded cag repeat is the underlying genetic defect in huntington disease, a disorder characterized by motor, psychiatric and cognitive deficits and striatal atrophy associated with neuronal loss. an accurate animal model of this disease is crucial for elucidation of the underlying natural history of the illness and also for testing experimental therapeutics. we established a new yeast artificial chromosome (yac) mouse model of hd with the entire human hd gene containing 128 cag repeats (yac ... | 2003 | 12812983 |
| disc1 (disrupted-in-schizophrenia 1) is a centrosome-associated protein that interacts with map1a, mipt3, atf4/5 and nudel: regulation and loss of interaction with mutation. | disrupted-in-schizophrenia 1 (disc1) is a novel gene associated with schizophrenia by multiple genetic studies. in order to determine how mutations in disc1 might cause susceptibility to schizophrenia, we undertook a comprehensive study of the cellular biology of disc1 in its full-length and disease-associated mutant forms. disc1 interacts by yeast two-hybrid, mammalian two-hybrid, and co-immunoprecipitation assays with multiple proteins of the centrosome and cytoskeletal system, including mipt3 ... | 2003 | 12812986 |
| m phase-specific phosphorylation of brca2 by polo-like kinase 1 correlates with the dissociation of the brca2-p/caf complex. | brca2 is a breast tumor susceptibility gene encoding a 390-kda protein with functions in maintaining genomic stability and cell cycle progression. evidence has been accumulated to support the concept that brca2 has a critical role in homologous recombination of dna double-stranded breaks by interacting with rad51. in addition, brca2 may have chromatin modifying activity through interaction with a histone acetyltransferase protein, p300/cbp-associated factor (p/caf). to explore how the functions ... | 2003 | 12815053 |
| candida albicans septin mutants are defective for invasive growth and virulence. | hyphal growth of candida albicans is implicated as an important virulence factor for this opportunistic human pathogen. septin proteins, a family of cytoskeletal elements that regulate membrane events and are important for proper morphogenesis of c. albicans, were examined for their role in tissue invasion and virulence in the mouse model of systemic infection. in vitro, septin mutants are only mildly defective for hyphal growth in liquid culture but display pronounced defects for invasive growt ... | 2003 | 12819094 |
| identification and analysis of chromodomain-containing proteins encoded in the mouse transcriptome. | the chromodomain is 40-50 amino acids in length and is conserved in a wide range of chromatic and regulatory proteins involved in chromatin remodeling. chromodomain-containing proteins can be classified into families based on their broader characteristics, in particular the presence of other types of domains, and which correlate with different subclasses of the chromodomains themselves. hidden markov model (hmm)-generated profiles of different subclasses of chromodomains were used here to identi ... | 2003 | 12819141 |
| gc-gap, a rho family gtpase-activating protein that interacts with signaling adapters gab1 and gab2. | gab1 and gab2 are scaffolding proteins acting downstream of cell surface receptors and interact with a variety of cytoplasmic signaling proteins such as grb2, shp-2, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, shc, and crk. to identify new binding partners for gab proteins and better understand their functions, we performed a yeast two-hybrid screening with hgab2-(120-587) as bait. this work led to identification of a novel gtpase-activating protein (gap) for rho family gtpases. the gap domain shows high sim ... | 2003 | 12819203 |
| reduce: an online tool for inferring cis-regulatory elements and transcriptional module activities from microarray data. | reduce is a motif-based regression method for microarray analysis. the only required inputs are (i) a single genome-wide set of absolute or relative mrna abundances and (ii) the dna sequence of the regulatory region associated with each gene that is probed. currently supported organisms are yeast, worm and fly; it is an open question whether in its current incarnation our approach can be used for mouse or human. reduce uses unbiased statistics to identify oligonucleotide motifs whose occurrence ... | 2003 | 12824350 |
| phagocytosis of candida albicans by lymphatic tumour cells in vitro. | experiments were carried out to investigate whether different lymphatic tumour cell lines have similar kinetic characteristics of phagocytosis of microorganisms. six tumour cell lines were used. these were a human t-cell line (cem), a mouse t-cell line (yac-1), a human b-cell line (laz), and a human erythroleukemic tumour cells (k562), whereas 2 cell lines of professional phagocytosis were used as controls, a human macrophage cell line (thp1) and a mouse macrophage cell line (p388d1). tumour cel ... | 2003 | 12831164 |
| tomosyn interacts with the t-snares syntaxin4 and snap23 and plays a role in insulin-stimulated glut4 translocation. | the sec1p-like/munc18 (sm) protein munc18a binds to the neuronal t-snare syntaxin1a and inhibits snare complex assembly. tomosyn, a cytosolic syntaxin1a-binding protein, is thought to regulate the interaction between syntaxin1a and munc18a, thus acting as a positive regulator of snare assembly. in the present study we have investigated the interaction between b-tomosyn and the adipocyte snare complex involving syntaxin4/snap23/vamp-2 and the sm protein munc18c, in vitro, and the potential involv ... | 2003 | 12832401 |
| rapid deadenylation triggered by a nonsense codon precedes decay of the rna body in a mammalian cytoplasmic nonsense-mediated decay pathway. | nonsense-mediated mrna decay (nmd) is an rna surveillance pathway that detects and destroys aberrant mrnas containing nonsense or premature termination codons (ptcs) in a translation-dependent manner in eukaryotes. in yeast, the nmd pathway bypasses the deadenylation step and directly targets ptc-containing messages for decapping, followed by 5'-to-3' exonuclease digestion of the rna body. in mammals, most ptc-containing mrnas are subject to active nucleus-associated nmd. here, using two distinc ... | 2003 | 12832468 |
| structural similarity in the absence of sequence homology of the messenger rna export factors mtr2 and p15. | the association between mtr2 and mex67 is essential for the nuclear export of bulk messenger rna in yeast. in metazoans, the analogous function is carried out by the tap-p15 heterodimer. whereas mex67 and tap are highly conserved proteins, their binding partners, mtr2 and p15, share no sequence similarity, but are nevertheless functionally homologous. here, we report the 2.8-a resolution crystal structure of mtr2 in complex with the ntf2-like domain of mex67. mtr2 is a novel member of the ntf2-l ... | 2003 | 12835756 |
| regulation of hdm2 activity by the ribosomal protein l11. | the hdm2 protein plays an important role in regulating the stability and function of the p53 tumor suppressor protein. in this report, we show that the ribosomal protein l11 can interact with hdm2 and inhibit hdm2 function, thus leading to the stabilization and activation of p53. the inhibition of hdm2 activity by l11 shows some similarity to the previously described activity of arf, and expression of either arf or l11 can induce a p53 response. enhancement of the interaction between endogenous ... | 2003 | 12842086 |
| hsp90 inhibition accelerates cell lysis. anti-hsp90 ribozyme reveals a complex mechanism of hsp90 inhibitors involving both superoxide- and hsp90-dependent events. | the 90 kda heat shock protein, hsp90, is an abundant molecular chaperone participating in the cytoprotection of eukaryotic cells. here we analyzed the involvement of hsp90 in the maintenance of cellular integrity using partial cell lysis as a measure. inhibition of hsp90 by geldanamycin, radicicol, cisplatin, and novobiocin induced a significant acceleration of detergent- and hypotonic shock-induced cell lysis. the concentration and time dependence of cell lysis acceleration was in agreement wit ... | 2003 | 12842893 |
| mutational analysis of the guanylyltransferase component of mammalian mrna capping enzyme. | rna guanylyltransferase is an essential enzyme that catalyzes the second of three steps in the synthesis of the 5'-cap structure of eukaryotic mrna. here we conducted a mutational analysis of the guanylyltransferase domain of the mouse capping enzyme mce1. we introduced 50 different mutations at 22 individual amino acids and assessed their effects on mce1 function in vivo in yeast. we identified 16 amino acids as being essential for mce1 activity (arg299, arg315, asp343, glu345, tyr362, asp363, ... | 2003 | 12846573 |
| molecular modeling of a leishmania antigen eif-4a: identification of a potential epitope implicated in the adjuvant effect. | in leishmaniasis, the development of an effective vaccine depends on its capacity to elicit th1 immune responses. despite many approaches, recent vaccines do not induce sufficient levels of protection and long-term memory. to overcome this problem, vaccines are used with adjuvants that drive immunity towards th1 and enhance endogenous production of il-12, a th1-promoting cytokine. although exogenous il-12 may act as an effective adjuvant, it has an elevated cost and toxic effects. therefore, it ... | 2003 | 12854958 |