| human cytomegalovirus infection induces rapamycin-insensitive phosphorylation of downstream effectors of mtor kinase. | signaling mediated by the cellular kinase mammalian target of rapamycin (mtor) activates cap-dependent translation under normal (nonstressed) conditions. however, translation is inhibited by cellular stress responses or rapamycin treatment, which inhibit mtor kinase activity. we show that during human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) infection, viral protein synthesis and virus production proceed relatively normally when mtor kinase activity is inhibited due to hypoxic stress or rapamycin treatment. using ... | 2004 | 15452223 |
| cyclin-dependent kinase activity is required at early times for accurate processing and accumulation of the human cytomegalovirus ul122-123 and ul37 immediate-early transcripts and at later times for virus production. | human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) infection leads to dysregulation of multiple cell cycle-regulatory proteins. in this study, we examined the effects of inhibition of cyclin-dependent kinase (cdk) activity on viral replication. with the drug roscovitine, a specific inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases 1, 2, 5, 7, and 9, we have shown that during the first 6 h of infection, cyclin-dependent kinase-dependent events occurred that included the regulated processing and accumulation of the immediate-early ... | 2004 | 15452241 |
| reduction of adenovirus e1a mrna by rnai results in enhanced recombinant protein expression in transiently transfected hek293 cells. | human embryonic kidney 293 (hek293) cells, a widely used host for large-scale transient expression of recombinant proteins, are transformed with the adenovirus e1a and e1b genes. because the e1a proteins function as transcriptional activators or repressors, they may have a positive or negative effect on transient transgene expression in this cell line. suspension cultures of hek293 ebna (hek293e) cells were co-transfected with a reporter plasmid expressing the gfp gene and a plasmid expressing a ... | 2004 | 15474305 |
| the putative zinc finger of the human cytomegalovirus ie2 86-kilodalton protein is dispensable for dna binding and autorepression, thereby demarcating a concise core domain in the c terminus of the protein. | the ie2 86-kda gene product is an essential regulatory protein of human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) with several functions, including transactivation, negative autoregulation, and cell cycle regulation. in order to understand the physiological significance of each of the ie2 functions, discriminating mutants of ie2 are required that can be tested in a viral background. however, no such mutants of ie2 are available, possibly reflecting structural peculiarities of the large and ill-defined c-terminal d ... | 2004 | 15479827 |
| cytomegalovirus following stem cell transplantation: from pharmacologic to immunologic therapy. | human cytomegalovirus is a large dna virus that is well-equipped to evade both innate and adaptive host immune responses and to establish lifelong latency. it is a major opportunistic pathogen in immunocompromised hosts. following allogeneic transplantation, immune responses are often inadequate to inhibit viral reactivation, resulting in progressive tissue damage, manifesting as overt human cytomegalovirus disease that usually presents as pneumonitis, colitis or hepatitis. currently available a ... | 2004 | 15482220 |
| igg antibodies to human cytomegalovirus late protein ul94 in patients with systemic sclerosis. | human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) has been proposed as an amplifying agent for at least some of the spectrum of systemic sclerosis (ssc; scleroderma). in support of this hypothesis, antibodies to the hcmv late protein ul94 have been detected in the majority of ssc patients in a study involving caucasian subjects from italy. the aim of this investigation was to determine whether elevated levels of anti-ul94 antibodies are present in african american and caucasian ssc patients from the u.s. we further ... | 2004 | 15497459 |
| novel chemical class of pul97 protein kinase-specific inhibitors with strong anticytomegaloviral activity. | human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) is a major human pathogen frequently associated with life-threatening disease in immunosuppressed patients and newborns. the hcmv ul97-encoded protein kinase (pul97) represents an important determinant of viral replication. recent studies demonstrated that pul97-specific kinase inhibitors are powerful tools for the control of hcmv replication. we present evidence that three related quinazoline compounds are potent inhibitors of the pul97 kinase activity and block in ... | 2004 | 15504835 |
| synthesis and antiviral evaluation of polyhalogenated imidazole nucleosides: dimensional analogues of 2,5,6-trichloro-1-(beta-d-ribofuranosyl)benzimidazole. | a series of polyhalogenated imidazole nucleosides were designed and synthesized as ring-contracted analogues of 2,5,6-trichloro-1-(beta-d-ribofuranosyl)benzimidazole (tcrb) and its 2-bromo analogue (bdcrb) in an effort to explore the spatial limitation of the active pocket(s) in the target protein(s). 2,4,5-trichloro-, 2-bromo-4,5-dichloro-, and 2,4,5-tribromoimidazole nucleosides were prepared by a condensation of the preformed heterocycles with the appropriate sugar precursors. the ribofuranos ... | 2004 | 15509173 |
| synthesis and antiviral activity of 3-formyl- and 3-cyano-2,5,6-trichloroindole nucleoside derivatives. | a series of trichlorinated indole nucleosides has been synthesized and tested for activity against human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) and herpes simplex virus type-1 (hsv-1) and for cytotoxicity. the previously reported 3-formyl-2,5,6-trichloro-1-(beta-d-ribofuranosyl)indole (ftcri) and its 3-cyano homologue (ctcri) were chemically modified at the 3-position. the formation of hydrazones and oximes of ftcri was accomplished by a dehydrative addition of the appropriate hydrazine or hydroxylamine derivat ... | 2004 | 15509175 |
| human cytomegalovirus encodes a highly specific rantes decoy receptor. | the human cytomegalovirus pul21.5 protein is a small, secreted glycoprotein whose mrna is packaged into virions. we demonstrate that pul21.5 protein is a soluble cc chemokine receptor that functions as a decoy to modulate the host immune response to infection. in contrast to other viral chemokine-binding proteins, which interact promiscuously with multiple chemokines, pul21.5 selectively binds rantes (regulated upon activation, normal t cell expressed and secreted) with high affinity. by binding ... | 2004 | 15536129 |
| lack of induction of autoantibody responses following immunization with cytomegalovirus (cmv) glycoprotein b (gb) in healthy cmv-seronegative subjects. | possible correlations have been proposed between autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (sle), and infection with human cytomegalovirus (cmv). the recent observation that an adenovirus expressing the immunodominant envelope glycoprotein of cmv, glycoprotein b (gb), may be capable of inducing autoantibodies in certain mouse strains has prompted interest in exploring potential relationships between gb immunization and autoimmune disease. we examined whether a recombinant cmv gb ... | 2004 | 15542191 |
| human cytomegalovirus-specific cd4+-t-cell cytokine response induces fractalkine in endothelial cells. | cytomegalovirus (cmv) infection has been linked to inflammation-related disease processes in the human host, including vascular diseases and chronic transplant rejection. the mechanisms through which cmv affects the pathogenesis of these diseases are for the most part unknown. to study the contributing role of the host immune response to cmv in these chronic inflammatory processes, we examined endothelial cell interactions with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc). endothelial cultures were ... | 2004 | 15542669 |
| expression and characterization of a soluble form of tomato spotted wilt virus glycoprotein gn. | tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv), a member of the tospovirus genus within the bunyaviridae, is an economically important plant pathogen with a worldwide distribution. tswv is transmitted to plants via thrips (thysanoptera: thripidae), which transmit the virus in a persistent propagative manner. the envelope glycoproteins, g(n) and g(c), are critical for the infection of thrips, but they are not required for the initial infection of plants. thus, it is assumed that the envelope glycoproteins play ... | 2004 | 15542672 |
| interleukin-2 immunotherapy and aids-related cytomegalovirus retinitis. | cytokines are small proteins produced by t lymphocytes that mediate immune responses. those produced by the cd4+ th1 subset induce cell-mediated immunity, whereas those produced by the cd4+ th2 subset are more efficient at stimulating immunoglobulin production. the goal of cytokine immunotherapy is prevention or reduction of disease progression through stimulation of cell-mediated immunity (i.e., immune reconstitution) by administration of an exogenous th1 cytokine such as interleukin-2 (il-2). ... | 2004 | 15544454 |
| 5-(1-substituted) alkyl pyrimidine nucleosides as antiviral (herpes) agents. | the treatment of viral diseases remains one of the major challenges to modern medicine. during the past two decades there has been increased recognition of the consequences of serious viral illnesses that are not controlled by vaccination. these illnesses include human immunodeficiency virus, human herpes viruses, and viruses that cause hepatitis. there are now eight pathogens recognized in the herpes virus family that cause infections in humans. infections by the herpes viruses are opportunisti ... | 2004 | 15544474 |
| permissive human cytomegalovirus infection of a first trimester extravillous cytotrophoblast cell line. | human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) is the leading cause of congenital viral infection in the united states and europe. despite the significant morbidity associated with prenatal hcmv infection, little is known about how the virus infects the fetus during pregnancy. to date, primary human cytotrophoblasts (ctbs) have been utilized to study placental hcmv infection and replication; however, the minimal mitotic potential of these cells restricts experimentation to a few days, which may be problematic for ... | 2004 | 15548334 |
| down-regulation of cxcr4 expression on human cd8+ t cells during peripheral differentiation. | multi-color flow cytometric analysis on human cd8(+) t cell subsets revealed that cxcr4 is predominantly expressed on cd8(+) t cells with the naive cd27(+)cd28(+)cd45ra(+) phenotype, and is down-regulated during differentiation into those with an effector phenotype. the down-regulation of cxcr4 expression during peripheral differentiation was supported by the fact that the expression of cxcr4 on cd8(+) t cells was negatively correlated with that of perforin. the analysis of ccr5, ccr7, and cxcr4 ... | 2004 | 15549771 |
| alteration of cellular rna splicing and polyadenylation machineries during productive human cytomegalovirus infection. | alternative processing of human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) ul37 pre-mrna predominantly produces the unspliced ul37 exon 1 (ul37x1) rna and multiple, lower abundance, alternatively spliced ul37 rnas. the relative abundance of ul37x1 unspliced rna is surprising because it requires the favoured use of a polyadenylation signal within ul37 intron 1, just upstream of the ul37 exon 2 (ul37x2) acceptor. here, it was shown that a downstream element (dse) in ul37x2 strongly enhanced processing at the ul37x1 p ... | 2004 | 15557227 |
| cytomegalovirus-caused release of collagenase iv from human cerebral microvascular endothelial cells. | human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) in most normal individuals results in an asymptomatic infection, but under some circumstances, such as in the transplant setting, aids and intrauterine infection of the fetus, hcmv infection can lead to more serious consequences, including central nervous system infection. recently it has been demonstrated that hcmv-infected endothelial cells can be detected in the circulation; however, no mechanism has been suggested. | 1995 | 15566851 |
| kinetics of cytomegalovirus load decrease in solid-organ transplant recipients after preemptive therapy with valganciclovir. | the availability of valganciclovir (vgcv) has significantly simplified the treatment of human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) infection after solid-organ transplantation. we show that there was no difference in the kinetics of the decrease in hcmv load after preemptive therapy with vgcv in 22 solid-organ transplant recipients (t1/2=2.16 days), compared with that in 23 patients treated with intravenous ganciclovir (gcv) (t(1/2) = 1.73 days; p=.63). preemptive therapy with vgcv provides control of hcmv rep ... | 2004 | 15593008 |
| the carboxyl-terminal region of human cytomegalovirus ie1491aa contains an acidic domain that plays a regulatory role and a chromatin-tethering domain that is dispensable during viral replication. | the human cytomegalovirus major immediate-early (alpha) protein ie1(491aa) plays an important role in controlling viral gene expression at low multiplicities of infection. with a transient complementation assay, full-length ie1(491aa) enhanced the growth of ie1 mutant virus cr208 20-fold better than a deletion mutant lacking 71 carboxyl-terminal amino acids (ie1(1-420aa)). a 16-amino-acid domain between amino acids 476 and 491 was both necessary and sufficient for chromatin-tethering activity; h ... | 2005 | 15596818 |
| down-regulation of mhc class i expression in human neuronal stem cells using viral stealth mechanism. | due to their unique capacity for self-renewal in addition to their ability to differentiate into cells of all neuronal lineages, neuronal stem cells (nscs) are promising candidates for cell replacement therapy in neuronal injury and neurodegenerative diseases. however, there are few studies on immune rejection, which is one of the main problems facing successful stem cell therapy. in order to determine if human nsc might be rejected after transplantation the mhc expression level was examined in ... | 2005 | 15607744 |
| [relationship between human cytomegalovirus infection and soluble interleukin-2 receptor level]. | in order to study the relationship between human cytomegalovirus infection and soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sil-2r) level, 104 serum samples were selected from women of childbearing age in the city of wuhan and examined with elisa for anti-hcmv antibody igg and igm. then we detected the sil-2r level with double antibody elisa in these sera with different conditions of hcmv infection. the results of different groups were compared with those women without cytomegalovirus infection and also comp ... | 1997 | 15617342 |
| major contribution of codominant cd8 and cd4 t cell epitopes to the human cytomegalovirus-specific t cell repertoire. | human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) infection or reactivation is a cause of morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised individuals. in immunocompetent individuals, in contrast, hcmv is successfully controlled by specific cd8 and cd4 t cells. knowledge of cd8 and cd4 t cell epitopes from hcmv and their immunodominant features is crucial for the generation of epitope-specific t cells for adoptive immunotherapy and for the development of a peptide-based hcmv vaccine. therefore, we investigated the natur ... | 2005 | 15619009 |
| [the carcinogenesis of human cytomegalovirus to mouse cervix]. | we plugged the gelfoam impregnated with virus stock solution into mouse cervix with ophthalmic forceps. mice of kun-ming strain were infected with uv-inactivated hcmv (human cytomegalovirus). after 31 weeks, cervical carcinomas were induced in 15% of the infected mice. in another group, infected with uv-inactivated hcmv adding croton oil, the carcinogenesis was 18.8%, but incontrol group, it was 0%. hcmv ie (immediate early) antigen in 12 cancer tissues of uv-inactivated hcmv treated group were ... | 1997 | 15619897 |
| update on human herpesvirus 6 biology, clinical features, and therapy. | human herpesvirus 6 (hhv-6) is a betaherpesvirus that is closely related to human cytomegalovirus. it was discovered in 1986, and hhv-6 literature has expanded considerably in the past 10 years. we here present an up-to-date and complete overview of the recent developments concerning hhv-6 biological features, clinical associations, and therapeutic approaches. hhv-6 gene expression regulation and gene products have been systematically characterized, and the multiple interactions between hhv-6 an ... | 2005 | 15653828 |
| dendritic-cell infection by human cytomegalovirus is restricted to strains carrying functional ul131-128 genes and mediates efficient viral antigen presentation to cd8+ t cells. | human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) genetic determinants of endothelial-cell tropism and virus transfer to leukocytes (both polymorphonuclear and monocyte) have been recently identified in the ul131-128 genes. here it is documented that the same genetic determinants of hcmv are responsible for monocyte-derived dendritic-cell (dc) tropism, i.e. all endotheliotropic and leukotropic strains of hcmv are also dc-tropic (or dendrotropic). in fact, all recent clinical hcmv isolates and deletion mutants sparin ... | 2005 | 15659746 |
| impaired dendritic cell immunophenotype and function in heart transplant patients undergoing active cytomegalovirus infection. | human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) infects dendritic cells (dcs) in vitro and inhibits their maturation properties and their ability to stimulate t-cell proliferation and cytotoxicity. this study analyzed hcmv infection of dcs in vivo. | 2005 | 15665771 |
| comparative analysis of a double primer pcr assay with plasma, leukocytes and antigenemia for diagnosis of active human cytomegalovirus infection in bone marrow transplant patients. | the aim of the study was to determine the prognostic value of a double primer pcr assay to detect human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) infection or disease in bone marrow transplant (bmt) recipients. a total of 209 blood samples including peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmn), polymorphonuclear (pmn) leukocytes and plasma from 26 bmt recipients were tested by pcr assay. to discriminate between latent and active hcmv infection, 177 blood samples were also tested by a quantitative antigenemia assay. h ... | 2005 | 15665849 |
| a single tetracycline-regulated vector devised for controlled insulin gene expression. | to construct a single plasmid vector mediating doxycycline-inducible recombined human insulin gene expression in myotube cell line. | 2004 | 15669184 |
| the human eye (retina): a site of persistent hcmv infection? | human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) retinitis frequently occurs in severely naturally and iatrogenically immunocompromised patients. it has been shown that the immune-privileged retina is a major site of hcmv infection in aids patients. it is conceivable either that during the immunosuppression hcmv infection reactivates in various other organs viremically affecting the retina or that hcmv persisting in the retina may locally reactivate and result in hcmv retinitis. | 2005 | 15672249 |
| human cytomegalovirus plasmid-based amplicon vector system for gene therapy. | we have constructed and evaluated the utility of a helper-dependent virus vector system that is derived from human cytomegalovirus (hcmv). this vector is based on the herpes simplex virus (hsv) amplicon system and contains the hcmv orthologs of the two cis-acting functions required for replication and packaging of hsv genomes, the complex hcmv viral dna replication origin (orilyt), and the cleavage packaging signal (the a sequence). the hcmv amplicon vector replicated independently and was packa ... | 2005 | 15673469 |
| human cytomegalovirus infection of endothelial cells triggers platelet adhesion and aggregation. | human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) is an opportunistic pathogen that has been implicated in the pathogenesis of vascular diseases. hcmv infection of endothelial cells may lead to vascular damage in vitro, and acute-phase hcmv infection has been associated with thrombosis. we hypothesized that viral infection of endothelial cells activates coagulation cascades and contributes to thrombus formation and acute vascular catastrophes in patients with atherosclerotic disease. to assess the effects of hcmv on ... | 2005 | 15681423 |
| effect of hypoxia on ad5 infection, transgene expression and replication. | oxygen deprivation (hypoxia) is a common feature of various human maladies, including cardiovascular diseases and cancer; however, the effect of hypoxia on ad-based gene therapies has not been described. in this study, we evaluated how hypoxia (1% po(2)) affects different aspects of ad-based therapies, including attachment and uptake, transgene expression, and replication, in a series of cancer cell lines and primary normal cells. we found that hypoxia had no significant effect on the expression ... | 2005 | 15690062 |
| high prevalence of viral genomes and multiple viral infections in the myocardium of adults with "idiopathic" left ventricular dysfunction. | for a long time, enteroviruses have been considered to be the most common cause of acute viral myocarditis (mc), with possible transition from mc to dilated cardiomyopathy (dcm). recent investigations have shown, however, that other viruses are also frequently encountered in mc patients, suggesting that persistence of various virus species may play a pathogenic role in the transition from mc to dcm. the purpose of this study was to screen endomyocardial biopsies (embs) from patients with "idiopa ... | 2005 | 15699250 |
| inter- and intra-person cytomegalovirus infection in malawian families. | sequence polymorphisms in the gn and go genes of cytomegalovirus (cmv) amplified from mouth rinse and urine samples of 19 malawian patients with kaposi's sarcoma (ks) and 58 of their first-degree relatives were investigated. cmv-dna was amplified from 41 people (53%) from either the gn or go region in at least one sample, from 14 people (18%) in both domains in at least one sample, and from 13 (17%) in either domain in both samples. twenty-one (51%) were seropositive for human immunodeficiency v ... | 2005 | 15714485 |
| effect of human cytomegalovirus on expression of mhc class i-related chains a. | the mhc-encoded mhc class i-related chains a (mica) glycoproteins are known to enhance the functions of nk and t cells by ligating the stimulating receptor nkg2d and appear to play an important role in host defense. human cmv (hcmv) evades the immune response in many different ways, but has not previously been found to down-regulate mica. we have found that a common form of mica, which has a nucleotide insertion in exon 5 corresponding to the transmembrane region and no cytoplasmic tail, was inc ... | 2005 | 15728525 |
| human cytomegalovirus resistance to antiviral drugs. | | 2005 | 15728878 |
| do microbes have a causal role in type 1 diabetes? | type 1 diabetes mellitus (t1dm) results from environmental factors acting on genetically susceptible individuals. microbial infections and their immunological consequences are suspected to take part in the pathogenesis of t1dm. congenital rubella infection has been strongly associated with increased disease susceptibility. in addition, infections with different strains of enteroviruses, human cytomegalovirus, and rotavirus have been suggested to be diabetogenic in susceptible individuals. a newl ... | 2005 | 15735577 |
| latency, chromatin remodeling, and reactivation of human cytomegalovirus in the dendritic cells of healthy carriers. | human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) persists as a subclinical, lifelong infection in the normal human host, but reactivation from latency in immunocompromised subjects results in serious disease. latency and reactivation are defining characteristics of the herpesviruses and are key to understanding their biology; however, the precise cellular sites in which hcmv is carried and the mechanisms regulating its latency and reactivation during natural infection remain poorly understood. here we present evide ... | 2005 | 15738399 |
| does memory improve with age? cd85j (ilt-2/lir-1) expression on cd8 t cells correlates with 'memory inflation' in human cytomegalovirus infection. | cmv-specific memory cd8(+) t cells accumulate over time to reach high frequencies amongst peripheral blood lymphocytes - a phenomenon termed 'memory inflation'. using tetramer staining on samples from a large number of subjects and multivariate regression analysis, we were able to relate this to the phenotype of cd8(+) t cells. we made the following observations: (i) cd85j (ilt-2/lir-1) was highly expressed alongside cd57 - an established effector memory marker - on cmv-specific cd8(+) t cells; ... | 2005 | 15748215 |
| improved neuronal transgene expression from an aav-2 vector with a hybrid cmv enhancer/pdgf-beta promoter. | adeno-associated virus type 2 (aav-2) vectors are highly promising tools for gene therapy of neurological disorders. after accommodating a cellular promoter, aav-2 vectors are able to drive sustained expression of transgene in the brain. this study aimed to develop aav-2 vectors that also facilitate a high level of neuronal expression by enhancing the strength of a neuron-specific promoter, the human platelet-derived growth factor beta-chain (pdgf) promoter. | 2005 | 15756650 |
| diagnosis of human cytomegalovirus intrauterine infection using fetal cells from maternal blood. | the sensitivity and specificity for the noninvasive prenatal diagnosis of human cytomegalovirus intrauterine infection were estimated by using isolating single fetal cells from maternal peripheral blood. | 2005 | 15777892 |
| identification of micrornas of the herpesvirus family. | epstein-barr virus (ebv or hhv4), a member of the human herpesvirus (hhv) family, has recently been shown to encode micrornas (mirnas). in contrast to most eukaryotic mirnas, these viral mirnas do not have close homologs in other viral genomes or in the genome of the human host. to identify other mirna genes in pathogenic viruses, we combined a new mirna gene prediction method with small-rna cloning from several virus-infected cell types. we cloned ten mirnas in the kaposi sarcoma-associated vir ... | 2005 | 15782219 |
| design of translactam hcmv protease inhibitors as potent antivirals. | human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) is an important pathogen for which there is a significant unmet medical need. new hcmv antivirals, active against novel molecular targets, are undoubtedly needed as the currently available drugs ganciclovir, cidofovir, and foscarnet, which are all viral dna inhibitors, suffer from limited effectiveness, mainly due to the development of drug resistance, poor bioavailability, and toxicity. one of the newer molecular targets that has been exploited in the search for bet ... | 2005 | 15789440 |
| the correlation between prognosis of hcmv infection and zinc in mature women. | the aim of the study was to investigate the correlation between prognosis of human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) infection and zinc in mature women, in order to explore the effect of serum zinc on hcmv infection. 900 mature woman were examined for zinc level and serum hcmv specific antibodies (igg and igm). 63 hcmv-igm positive cases were divided into 3 subgroups according to their serum zinc level, and hcmv-igm was observed for conversion after treatment with a chinese traditional medicine (jinyebadu) ... | 2004 | 15791862 |
| early selection of a new ul97 mutant with a severe defect of ganciclovir phosphorylation after valaciclovir prophylaxis and short-term ganciclovir therapy in a renal transplant recipient. | we describe the emergence of a new ganciclovir resistance mutation in the ul97 gene of human cytomegalovirus, deletion of codon 601, after valaciclovir and short-term ganciclovir therapy following kidney transplantation. its role in ganciclovir resistance was supported by decreased ganciclovir phosphorylation in a recombinant vaccinia virus system. | 2005 | 15793144 |
| two gamma interferon-activated site-like elements in the human cytomegalovirus major immediate-early promoter/enhancer are important for viral replication. | human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) infection directly initiates a signal transduction pathway that leads to activation of a large number of cellular interferon-stimulated genes (isgs). our previous studies demonstrated that two interferon response elements, the interferon-stimulated response element and gamma interferon-activated site (gas), in the isg promoters serve as hcmv response sites (vrs). interestingly, two gas-like vrs elements (vrs1) were also present in the hcmv major immediate-early promo ... | 2005 | 15795289 |
| p73-dependent apoptosis through death receptor: impairment by human cytomegalovirus infection. | the discovery of p73, a p53-related protein with various isotypes resulting from different promoter usage or splicing events, provided new insights into regulation of neurogenesis and tumorigenesis. among p73 isoforms described thus far, ta-truncated molecules (deltan) appeared as key proteins according to their antagonistic activity against transcription factor activity of p53 family members. we previously showed that infection by human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) induced drug resistance and altered ... | 2005 | 15805279 |
| functional dissection of hcmv us11 in mediating the degradation of mhc class i molecules. | the human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) gene product us11 dislocates mhc i heavy chains from the endoplasmic reticulum (er) and targets them for proteasomal degradation in the cytosol. to identify the structural and functional domains of us11 that mediate mhc class i molecule degradation, we constructed truncated mutants and chimeric proteins, and analyzed these to determine their intracellular localization and their ability to degrade mhc class i molecules. we found that only the luminal domain of us1 ... | 2005 | 15823579 |
| functional re-expression of ccr7 on cmv-specific cd8+ t cells upon antigenic stimulation. | during latency circulating human cytomegalovirus (cmv)-specific cd8(+) t cells do not express the chemokine receptor ccr7. we here show that antigen-specific stimulation in vitro with the specific cmv-peptide in combination with cmv-antigen, il-2 or il-21 induced re-expression of ccr7 on cmv-specific cd8(+) t cells. although il-15 induced strong proliferation of peptide-pulsed cmv-specific cd8(+) t cells, these cells did not re-express ccr7. cmv-specific cells that re-expressed ccr7 also express ... | 2005 | 15837711 |
| in vitro anti-cytomegalovirus activity of kampo (japanese herbal) medicine. | we examined the effect of three types of kampo medicines on human cytomegalovirus (cmv) replication in the human embryonic fibroblast cell line, mrc-5. treatment of cells with at least 0.01 mug/ml of kampo medicines inhibited the cytopathic effects of cmv-infected mrc-5 cells. moreover, kampo medicine decreased the replication of cmv without affecting the inhibition of host cells, with a concomitant decrease in cmv dna levels. however, kampo medicine demonstrated no virocidal effect on cell-free ... | 2004 | 15841262 |
| aav-mediated expression of galactocerebrosidase in brain results in attenuated symptoms and extended life span in murine models of globoid cell leukodystrophy. | globoid cell leukodystrophy (gld) or krabbe disease is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by a deficiency of galactocerebrosidase (galc) activity. galc is required for the lysosomal degradation of galactosylceramide, psychosine, and possibly other galactolipids. this process is extremely important during active myelination. in the absence of functional galc, psychosine accumulates, resulting in the apoptotic death of myelin-producing cells. while most patients are infants who do not survive bey ... | 2005 | 15851012 |
| qualitative detection of human cytomegalovirus dna in the plasma of bone marrow transplant recipients: value as a predictor of disease progression. | the aim of this prospective study was to determine whether human cytomegalovirus (hcmv)-dna detected by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) analysis in the plasma of bone marrow transplant (bmt) patients is a predictor of hcmv disease progression. | 2004 | 15859928 |
| [human cytomegalovirus infection]. | | 2005 | 15861706 |
| monitoring for human cytomegalovirus infection in solid organ transplant recipients through antigenemia and glycoprotein n (gn) variants: evidence of correlation and potential prognostic value of gn genotypes. | human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) orf ul73 encodes the envelope glycoprotein gpul73-gn, which shows seven genotypes (gn-1, gn-2, gn-3a, gn-3b, gn-4a, gn-4b, gn-4c). the goal of this study was to determine retrospectively the distribution of gn variants in solid organ transplant recipients with hcmv infection and to establish an association with parameters important for monitoring post-transplantation clinical course during a follow-up of up to 2 years. peripheral blood leukocytes from 40 solid organ ... | 2005 | 15878684 |
| geldanamycin, a potent and specific inhibitor of hsp90, inhibits gene expression and replication of human cytomegalovirus. | the effect of geldanamycin (ga), a specific inhibitor of heat shock protein 90 (hsp90), on gene expression and replication of human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) was studied in human embryonic lung (hel) fibroblasts. kinetic analysis indicated that ga delayed synthesis of major immediate early (mie), early and late viral proteins, and blocked a second tier of the synthesis of these proteins that occurred in untreated cells after 48 h post-infection (pi). moreover, when hcmv-infected hel cells were main ... | 2005 | 15889536 |
| enhanced expression from the human cytomegalovirus immediate-early promoter in a non-replicating adenovirus encoded reporter gene following cellular exposure to chemical dna damaging agents. | we have examined expression from the human cytomegalovirus (cmv) promoter of a reporter gene encoded in a replication-deficient adenovirus following cellular exposure to heat shock and chemical dna damaging agents. expression of the reporter gene was enhanced following prior treatment of cells with cisplatin and n-acetoxy-acetylaminofluorine, but not heat shock. this enhancement was more pronounced and induced by lower chemical concentrations in xeroderma pigmentosum (xp) and cockayne syndrome f ... | 2005 | 15894289 |
| simultaneous quantification of human cytomegalovirus (hcmv)-specific cd4+ and cd8+ t cells by a novel method using monocyte-derived hcmv-infected immature dendritic cells. | immature dendritic cells (dc) infected with an endotheliotropic (huv(+)) and leukotropic (leuk(+)) human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) strain were used as a stimulus to determine functional hcmv-specific cd4(+) and cd8(+) t cells. infected dc were co-cultured with autologous peripheral blood mononuclear cells and both arms of t cell activation were determined by intracellular flow cytometry analysis of ifn-gamma production. efficient stimulation of hcmv-specific cd4(+) and cd8(+) t cell responses was a ... | 2005 | 15902686 |
| human cytomegalovirus downregulates complement receptors (cr3, cr4) and decreases phagocytosis by macrophages. | human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) infection is associated with an increased susceptibility to opportunistic infections. although the subversion of adaptive immune responses has been extensively studied, the consequences of hcmv infection on natural immune responses are not well documented. a striking selective downmodulation of cd11b/cd18 (cr3) or cd11c/cd18 (cr4) was found upon hcmv infection, on two models, the monocytic thp-1 cell line and monocyte- derived macrophages. hcmv-infected macrophages h ... | 2005 | 15902695 |
| human cytomegalovirus genetic variability in strains isolated from japanese children during 1983-2003. | the genetic variability of 74 human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) clinical isolates from 60 japanese infants and children during 1983-2003 was investigated, and the relevance to their clinical course was studied. the patients consisted of 10 asymptomatic congenitally infected babies, 45 infected perinatally or postnatally resulting in hcmv mononucleosis/hepatitis and 5 immunocompromised hosts. the hypervariable region of the hcmv genome, that is the a sequence and ul144 region was analyzed using the po ... | 2005 | 15902703 |
| identification of t cell epitopes by the use of rapidly generated mrna fragments. | although the number of defined t cell epitopes of clinically relevant antigens is constantly increasing, there is still an enormous need to identify further peptides, processed from new antigens or presented by rare hla molecules, respectively. here we introduce a novel two-step approach for the rapid identification of t cell epitopes. it was established in the cmv infection model. from the peripheral blood of healthy donors sharing hla-a1 according to hla serotyping we isolated cd8+ t lymphocyt ... | 2005 | 15914199 |
| double-stranded rna binding by human cytomegalovirus ptrs1. | the human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) trs1 and irs1 genes rescue replication of vaccinia virus (vv) that has a deletion of the double-stranded rna binding protein gene e3l (vvdeltae3l). like e3l, these hcmv genes block the activation of key interferon-induced, double-stranded rna (dsrna)-activated antiviral pathways. we investigated the hypothesis that the products of these hcmv genes act by binding to dsrna. ptrs1 expressed by cell-free translation or by infection of mammalian cells with hcmv or rec ... | 2005 | 15919885 |
| exon 3 of the human cytomegalovirus major immediate-early region is required for efficient viral gene expression and for cellular cyclin modulation. | the human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) major immediate-early (ie) proteins share an 85-amino-acid n-terminal domain specified by exons 2 and 3 of the major ie region, ul122-123. we have constructed ie delta30-77, a recombinant virus that lacks the majority of ie exon 3 and consequently expresses smaller forms of both ie1 72- and ie2 86-kda proteins. the mutant virus is viable but growth impaired at both high and low multiplicities of infection and exhibits a kinetic defect that is not rescued by growt ... | 2005 | 15919900 |
| optimization of adenovirus serotype 35 vectors for efficient transduction in human hematopoietic progenitors: comparison of promoter activities. | adenoviral gene transfer to hematopoietic stem cells (hscs)/progenitors would provide a new approach to the treatment of hematopoietic diseases and study of the hematopoietic system. we have previously reported that an adenovirus (ad) vector composed of whole ad serotype 35 (ad35), which belongs to subgroup b, shows efficient gene transfer into human bone marrow cd34+ cells. however, ad35 vector-mediated transduction into human hscs/progenitors has not yet been fully optimized. in the present st ... | 2005 | 15944730 |
| regulation of the translation initiation factor eif4f by multiple mechanisms in human cytomegalovirus-infected cells. | as a viral opportunistic pathogen associated with serious disease among the immunocompromised and congenital defects in newborns, human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) must engage the translational machinery within its host cell to synthesize the viral proteins required for its productive growth. however, unlike many viruses, hcmv does not suppress the translation of host polypeptides. here, we examine how hcmv regulates the cellular cap recognition complex eif4f, a critical component of the cellular tra ... | 2005 | 15956551 |
| [observation on clinical efficacy of combined therapy of zinc supplement and jinye baidu granule in treating human cytomegalovirus infection]. | to explore the clinical efficacy of the combined therapy of zinc supplement and jinye baidu granule (jbg) on human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) infection. | 2005 | 15957842 |
| inhibitory effect of hexamethylene bisacetamide on replication of human cytomegalovirus. | the effect of hexamethylane bisacetamide (hmba), a hybrid polar compound, on gene expression and replication of human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) was studied. when hcmv-infected human thyroid papillary carcinoma (tpc-1) and human embryonic lung (hel) fibroblast cells were maintained with medium containing 2.5 and 5 mm hmba for 10 days, there was a greater than 2- to 3-log reduction in virus yield compared to that in untreated cells. infection of tpc-1 cells with hcmv resulted in an establishment of p ... | 2005 | 15959837 |
| the impact of early cytomegalovirus infection and disease in renal transplant recipients. | human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) infection is the single most frequent infectious complication in the early period after kidney transplantation. the hcmv load in blood, measured by hcmv pcr or the hcmv pp65 antigen test, is a predictor of hcmv disease in seropositive recipients. however, plasma virus load measurements are of only modest value in predicting the risk of hcmv disease in seronegative recipients of kidneys from seropositive donors. hcmv infection is an independent risk-factor for acute k ... | 2005 | 15966969 |
| molecular basis for the antiviral and anticancer activities of unnatural l-beta-nucleosides. | as a general rule, enzymes act on only one enantiomer of a chiral substrate and only one of the enantiomeric forms of a chiral molecule may bind effectively at the catalytic site, displaying biological activity. in recent years, some exceptions have been found among viral and cellular enzymes involved in the synthesis of deoxynucleoside triphosphates and in their polymerisation into dna. examples are: herpes virus thymidine kinases, cellular deoxycytidine kinase and deoxynucleotide kinases, huma ... | 1998 | 15992031 |
| fatal reactivation of postnatal cytomegalovirus infection with rapid emergence of ganciclovir resistance in an infant after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. | human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) can cause serious problems after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. the death of a pediatric transplant recipient after reactivation of a postnatal hcmv infection with bilateral retinitis and pneumonitis is described. sequencing of the hcmv ul97 region revealed a compartment-specific mutation (h520q) in urine conferring ganciclovir resistance. | 2005 | 16000504 |
| two sp1/sp3 binding sites in the major immediate-early proximal enhancer of human cytomegalovirus have a significant role in viral replication. | we previously demonstrated that the major immediate early (mie) proximal enhancer containing one gc box and the tata box containing promoter are minimal elements required for transcription and viral replication in human fibroblast cells (h. isomura, t. tsurumi, m. f. stinski, j. virol. 78:12788-12799, 2004). after infection, the level of sp1 increased while sp3 remained constant. here we report that either sp1 or sp3 transcription factors bind to the gc boxes located at approximately positions - ... | 2005 | 16014922 |
| [changes of serum soluble p-selectin and tumor necrotic factor-alpha in patients with cmv induced acute coronary syndrome]. | to explore the changes and relationship between serum soluble p-selectin, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (tnf-alpha) in coronary heart disease patients with acute coronary syndrome (acs) and human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) infection. | 2005 | 16027783 |
| [vp22 enhances the immunological activity of human cytomegalovirus pp65 dna vaccine: experimental study with mice]. | to construct the human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) pp65 dna vaccine vector and vp22 and pp65 coexpressing vector. to evaluate and compare immunological effects in mice. | 2005 | 16029549 |
| sustained elevation of neutrophils in rats induced by lentivirus-mediated g-csf delivery. | patients with severe chronic and cyclic neutropenia, characterized by neutrophil numbers <500 cells/microl, are treated daily with recombinant granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (g-csf). as an alternative delivery approach we investigated the ability of lentivirus vectors to provide sustained g-csf expression. | 2005 | 16041689 |
| human cytomegalovirus ul131 open reading frame is required for epithelial cell tropism. | epithelial cells are one of the prominent cell types infected by human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) within its host. however, many cultured epithelial cells, such as arpe-19 retinal pigmented epithelial cells, are poorly infected by laboratory-adapted strains in cell culture, and little is known about the viral factors that determine hcmv epithelial cell tropism. in this report, we demonstrate that the ul131 open reading frame (orf), and likely the entire ul131-128 locus, is required for efficient inf ... | 2005 | 16051825 |
| high prevalence of viral genomes and inflammation in peripartum cardiomyopathy. | molecular pathologic investigation of endomyocardial biopsy specimens from 26 patients with peripartum cardiomyopathy revealed viral genomes (parvovirus b19, human herpes virus 6, epstein-barr virus, and human cytomegalovirus) in 8 patients (30.7%) that were associated immunohistologically with interstitial inflammation. these findings indicate a high prevalence of virus-associated inflammatory changes in peripartum cardiomyopathy. | 2005 | 16098856 |
| pcr detection of viral dna in serum as an ancillary analysis for the diagnosis of acute mononucleosis-like syndrome due to human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) in immunocompetent patients. | serologic tests are occasionally inconclusive for the diagnosis of mononucleosis-like syndrome due to human cytomegalovirus (hcmv). | 2006 | 16125456 |
| human cytomegalovirus inactivates the g0/g1-apc/c ubiquitin ligase by cdh1 dissociation. | the anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (apc/c) is an e3 ubiquitin ligase that targets regulators of the cell division cycle for degradation by the 26s proteasome. discovered as a key regulator of mitosis, the apc/c has more recently been recognized to also play a limiting role in the control of g(0) maintenance, g(1)/s-transition and dna-replication. human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) has been shown to interfere with cell cycle regulation at different levels. it can induce an s phase-prone prolifera ... | 2005 | 16138013 |
| [experimental study on effect of jinye baidu preparation in inhibiting human cytomegalovirus protein kinase pul 97]. | to study the inhibitory effect of jinye baidu preparation (jbp), a chinese medicinal preparation, on human cytomegalovirus protein kinase pu197 and to explore its molecular mechanism in treating human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) infection. | 2005 | 16152835 |
| prevalence of some herpesviruses in gingival crevicular fluid. | the herpesviruses, ancient pathogens which have co-evoluted with human, are etiologically associated with a number of diseases, from asymptomatic to oncogenic and mortal diseases. it seems that some of them have also an important role in the pathogenesis of human periodontal disease. | 2005 | 16157267 |
| improved recovery of a fusion protein containing the antigenic domain 1 of the human cytomegalovirus glycoprotein b. | heterologous expression in escherichia coli often leads to production of the expressed proteins as insoluble and inactive inclusion bodies. the general strategy for protein recovery includes isolation and washing of inclusion bodies, solubilization of aggregated protein and refolding of solubilized protein. the process of refolding, as well as the other steps involved in inclusion body recovery, must be optimized according to the characteristics of each protein. for the development of reliable a ... | 2005 | 16158270 |
| multiprotein complexes that link dislocation, ubiquitination, and extraction of misfolded proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. | polypeptides that fail to pass quality control in the endoplasmic reticulum (er) are dislocated from the er membrane to the cytosol where they are degraded by the proteasome. derlin-1, a member of a family of proteins that bears homology to yeast der1p, was identified as a factor that is required for the human cytomegalovirus us11-mediated dislocation of class i mhc heavy chains from the er membrane to the cytosol. derlin-1 acts in concert with the aaa atpase p97 to remove dislocation substrate ... | 2005 | 16186509 |
| human cytomegalovirus, endothelial function and atherosclerosis. | human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) serology is linked to several measures of endothelial dysfunction. there is substantial evidence for hcmv having an aetiological role in transplant arterial disease and accumulating evidence for hcmv in the origins of preeclampsia. however, whether hcmv is a clinically significant cause of atherosclerosis in the general, immunocompetent population remains to be seen. | 2005 | 16209860 |
| endogenous human cytomegalovirus gb is presented efficiently by mhc class ii molecules to cd4+ ctl. | human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) infects endothelial, epithelial, and glial cells in vivo. these cells can express mhc class ii proteins, but are unlikely to play important roles in priming host immunity. instead, it seems that class ii presentation of endogenous hcmv antigens in these cells allows recognition of virus infection. we characterized class ii presentation of hcmv glycoprotein b (gb), a membrane protein that accumulates extensively in endosomes during virus assembly. human cd4+ t cells s ... | 2005 | 16216889 |
| monitoring of human cytomegalovirus, hhv-6 and hhv-7 infection in kidney transplant recipients by molecular methods to predict hcmv disease after transplantation: a prospective study. | recently, highly sensitive molecular assays to detect hcmv, hhv-6 and hhv-7 have been developed but their ability to detect patients at high risk for disease is unclear. | 2005 | 16218029 |
| an in vitro model for the regulation of human cytomegalovirus latency and reactivation in dendritic cells by chromatin remodelling. | human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) is a frequent cause of major disease following primary infection or reactivation from latency in immunocompromised patients. infection of non-permissive mononuclear cells is used for analyses of hcmv latency in vitro. using this approach, it is shown here that repression of lytic gene expression following experimental infection of cd34+ cells, a site of hcmv latency in vivo, correlates with recruitment of repressive chromatin around the major immediate-early promoter ... | 2005 | 16227215 |
| characterization of a highly glycosylated form of the human cytomegalovirus hla class i homologue gpul18. | human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) gpul18 is a hla class i (hla-i) homologue with high affinity for the inhibitory receptor lir-1/ilt2. the previously described 67 kda form of gpul18 is shown here to be sensitive to endoglycosidase-h (endoh). a novel form of gpul18 with a molecular mass of approximately 160 kda and resistance to endoh was identified in cells infected with hcmv strain ad169 or the low passage hcmv isolates merlin and toledo. the 67 kda endoh-sensitive gpul18 glycoform was detected earl ... | 2005 | 16227221 |
| synthesis, physicochemical properties and antiviral activities of ester prodrugs of ganciclovir. | the purpose of this study was to synthesize a series of diester prodrugs of ganciclovir (gcv), for improving ocular and oral bioavailability and therapeutic activity. solubility, logp, ph stability profile, in vitro antiviral activity, cytotoxicity, inhibition profile and ocular tissue hydrolysis of the gcv prodrugs were measured. val-val-gcv and val-gly-gcv diesters were found to exhibit greater aqueous stability compared to val-gcv and gly-val-gcv while ocular tissue hydrolysis demonstrated va ... | 2005 | 16242278 |
| synthesis and biological evaluation of n- and o-alkylated bicyclic furanopyrimidines as non-nucleosidic inhibitors of human cytomegalovirus. | 2'3'-dideoxy furanopyrimidines were shown to display anti-hcmv activity via a non-nucleoside mechanism. further studies into highly modified sugar derivatives led to the preparation of n-and o-alkylated c10 furanopyrimidine analogues, and this work is described herein. these compounds were tested against hcmv strains, and the first case of submicromolar activity was observed. | 2005 | 16248003 |
| cd11c+ dendritic cells and plasmacytoid dcs are activated by human cytomegalovirus and retain efficient t cell-stimulatory capability upon infection. | it has been suggested that human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) evades the immune system by infecting and paralyzing antigen-presenting cells. this view is based mainly on studies of dendritic cells (dcs) obtained after culture of monocytes (modcs). it is contradicted by the asymptomatic course of hcmv infection in healthy persons, indicating that other key antigen-presenting cells induce an efficient immune response. here we show that hcmv activates cd11c+ dcs and plasmacytoid dcs (pdcs). in contrast t ... | 2006 | 16269620 |
| breast milk and cytomegalovirus infection in preterm infants. | the incidence of postnatal human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) reactivation during lactation equals the maternal seroprevalence. infectious virus, viral dna and rna can be isolated from cells and fat free milk whey. early onset of viral dnalactia and virolactia as well as high viral load in milk whey are maternal risk factors for virus transmission. preterm infants below 1000 g birthweight and a gestational age below 30 weeks may be at high risk of acquiring a symptomatic hcmv infection. several recent ... | 2005 | 16278059 |
| acquisition of human cytomegalovirus infection in infants via breast milk: natural immunization or cause for concern? | since the recognition in the 1960s that human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) infections could be transmitted by breast milk, there has been relatively little attention paid to the potential medical consequences of such infections. indeed, since hcmv infections acquired by healthy newborn infants appear to be largely asymptomatic in nature, there has been no real incentive to develop or implement strategies to prevent transmission by this route. however, recent studies have identified a significant risk ... | 2006 | 16287195 |
| production of infectious human cytomegalovirus virions is inhibited by drugs that disrupt calcium homeostasis in the endoplasmic reticulum. | we previously reported that human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) infection induces endoplasmic reticulum (er) stress, resulting in activation of the unfolded protein response (upr). although some normal consequences of upr activation (e.g., translation attenuation) are detrimental to viral infection, we have previously shown that hcmv infection adapts the upr to benefit the viral infection (14). for example, upr-induced translation attenuation is inhibited by viral infection, while potentially beneficia ... | 2005 | 16306610 |
| nk cell receptors involved in the response to human cytomegalovirus infection. | human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) infection is a paradigm of the complexity reached by host-pathogen interactions. to avoid recognition by cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctl) hcmv inhibits the expression of hla class i molecules. as a consequence, engagement of inhibitory killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (kir), cd94/nkg2a, and cd85j (ilt2 or lir-1) natural killer cell receptors (nkr) specific for hla class i molecules is impaired, and infected cells become vulnerable to an nk cell response driven by ac ... | 2006 | 16323417 |
| [histologic change in human cytomegalovirus-infected explants of first trimester human placenta and expression of human cytomegalovirus gene]. | to observe histologic changes of human cytomegalovirus (hcmv)-infected explants of first trimester human placenta and expression of hcmv gene in the hcmv-infected explants, and investigate the mechanism of intrauterine transmission of hcmv from mother to fetus. | 2005 | 16324247 |
| the anti-malaria drug artesunate inhibits replication of cytomegalovirus in vitro and in vivo. | treatment of human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) infections with any of the currently available antiviral agents is frequently associated with the occurrence of severe complications, seriously threatening the successful outcome of treatment. therefore, the development of novel antiviral strategies is a challenging goal of current investigations. previously, we reported that artesunate (art) is an effective, non-cytotoxic inhibitor of hcmv in vitro. here, we demonstrate that the efficacy of the antivira ... | 2006 | 16325931 |
| neonatal cytomegalovirus blood load and risk of sequelae in symptomatic and asymptomatic congenitally infected newborns. | human cytomegalovirus (cmv) is a ubiquitous human-specific dna virus and is the main cause of congenital virus infection in developed countries leading to psychomotor impairment and deafness. diagnostic techniques for cmv detection have greatly improved during recent years with the advent of sophisticated serological and virological methods. the aim of the present study was to assess the diagnostic and prognostic value of detection and quantification of virus in neonatal blood samples of symptom ... | 2006 | 16326692 |
| physical and functional interactions of the cytomegalovirus us6 glycoprotein with the transporter associated with antigen processing. | the endoplasmic reticulum-resident human cytomegalovirus glycoprotein us6 (gpus6) inhibits peptide translocation by the transporter associated with antigen processing (tap) to prevent loading of major histocompatibility complex class i molecules and antigen presentation to cd8+ t cells. tap is formed by two subunits, tap1 and tap2, each containing one multispanning transmembrane domain (tmd) and a cytosolic nucleotide binding domain. here we reported that the blockade of tap by gpus6 is species- ... | 2006 | 16356928 |
| isolation of a fusion protein containing the antigenic domain 1 of human cytomegalovirus glycoprotein b and its application in elisa tests. | the glycoprotein b (gb) of human cytomegalovirus represents a dominant antigen for the humoral immune response. the immunodominant region on gb is the antigenic domain 1 (ad-1), a complex structure that requires a minimal continuous sequence of more than 75 amino acids for antibody binding. in this study, this domain was expressed in escherichia coli as a fusion protein with beta-galactosidase but yielded insoluble protein aggregates as inclusion bodies. to recover the fusion protein, inclusion ... | 2006 | 16369688 |