| [community-acquired pneumonia--current status of pathogen diagnosis]. | procedures for the microbiological diagnosis of acute community-acquired pneumonia are based on the expected pathogens. although a great variety of microorganisms are able to cause community-acquired pneumonia only a few pathogens play an important role in daily practice. the most important investigations are blood cultures and sputum cultures to detect bacteria like pneumococci, haemophilus influenzae and staphylococcus aureus as well as antibody tests for mycoplasma pneumonia and chlamydia pne ... | 1997 | 9206930 |
| evolutionary relationships among members of the genus chlamydia based on 16s ribosomal dna analysis. | nucleotide sequences from strains of the four species currently in the genus chlamydia, c. pecorum, c. pneumoniae, c. psittaci, and c. trachomatis were investigated. in vitro-amplified rna genes of the ribosomal small subunit from 30 strains of c. pneumoniae and c. pecorum were subjected to solid-phase dna sequencing of both strands. the human isolates of c. pneumoniae differed in only one position in the 16s rrna gene, indicating genetic homogeneity among these strains. interestingly, horse iso ... | 1997 | 9209033 |
| two new serovars of chlamydia psittaci from north american birds. | five chlamydia psittaci isolates (1 turkey, 1 psittacine, 1 human, and 2 pigeon isolates) failed to react with serovar-specific monoclonal antibodies to known avian and mammalian c. psittaci serovars and were presumed to represent 1 or more new serovars. the isolates were characterized using restriction endonuclease analysis of the whole genome, polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism of the major outer membrane protein genome, monoclonal antibody comparisons, and grow ... | 1997 | 9211235 |
| [the causative agents of chlamydiosis in agricultural animals and their pathogenicity for man]. | | 1997 | 9221670 |
| application of a nested, multiplex pcr to psittacosis outbreaks. | we developed a nested, multiplex pcr for simultaneous detection of three species of chlamydiae in human and avian specimens. the pcr was designed to increase sensitivity and to circumvent inhibitors of pcr present in clinical specimens. the target sequence was the 16s rrna gene. the first-step pcr was genus specific, and the second-step pcr was multiplexed (i.e., had multiple primer sets in the same tube) and could discriminate among chlamydia pneumoniae, chlamydia psittaci, and chlamydia tracho ... | 1997 | 9230378 |
| chlamydial disease--more than just abortion. | | 1997 | 9232115 |
| isolation of faecal chlamydia from sheep in britain and their characterization by cultural properties. | faeces samples were taken per rectum from sheep on 26 farms in england and wales and examined for the presence of chlamydia by culture in mccoy cell monolayers. thirteen of the farms were known to have had abortion outbreaks associated with chlamydia psittaci (enzootic abortion) and 13 were free of this infection. the chlamydia isolated were characterized by cultural techniques. chlamydia were isolated from the faeces of lambs on all 26 farms and the prevalence of infection varied form 5-50% on ... | 1997 | 9232119 |
| compendium of psittacosis (chlamydiosis) control, 1997. centers for disease control and prevention. | infection with chlamydia psittaci, often referred to as avian chlamydiosis (ac), is an important cause of systemic illness in companion birds (i.e., birds kept by humans as pets) and poultry. infection can be transmitted from infected birds to humans. in humans, infection caused by c. psittaci is referred to as psittacosis, which can result in fatal pneumonia. this compendium provides information on ac (also known as psittacosis, ornithosis, and parrot fever) and psittacosis (also known as parro ... | 1997 | 9233554 |
| [chlamydia psittaci and chlamydia pneumoniae infection in caceres]. | the study of the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of infectious process caused by chlamydia pneumoniae and chlamydia psittaci in our medium, cáceres. | 1997 | 9235099 |
| zoonotic and viral infection in fetal loss after 12 weeks. | one hundred and thirty-six women from an urban, rural and farming community were recruited to a study of infectious causes of midtrimester miscarriage (n = 85), stillbirth (n = 32), or termination for developmental (n = 17) or chromosomal (n = 2) abnormalities. no woman had evidence of acute infection with toxoplasma, listeria, leptospira or chlamydia psittaci (ovine enzootic abortion). one woman had midtrimester miscarriage associated with primary cytomegolovirus infection and five women had ev ... | 1997 | 9255087 |
| use of a live chlamydial vaccine to prevent ovine enzootic abortion. | a lyophilised chlamydial vaccine was prepared from the 1b temperature-sensitive strain of ovine chlamydia psittaci. ewes inoculated with a low titre of the live vaccine four weeks before artificial insemination were challenged on day 70 of gestation with five uk field isolates of c psittaci, including strains a22 and s26/3 previously incorporated into a commercial inactivated vaccine. there was a significantly lower chlamydial abortion rate after challenge in the vaccinated group (7.1 per cent) ... | 1997 | 9257434 |
| respiratory chlamydial infections in a hong kong teaching hospital and association with coronary heart disease. | the microimmunofluorescence antibody technique was used to determine the seroprevalence of antibodies to chlamydia pneumoniae and chlamydia psittaci from hospitalized patients in hong kong. antibodies to c. pneumoniae were found in 54.8% of 157 patients hospitalized with respiratory disease, in 71.1% of 83 patients with cardiac disease and in 31.2% of 93 patients without either respiratory or cardiac disease. antibodies to c. psittaci were found in 0.9% of the combined study groups. there was se ... | 1997 | 9259078 |
| the effects of crude placental extract and erythritol on growth of chlamydia psittaci (ovis) in mccoy cells. | | 1997 | 9266662 |
| use of synthetic antigens improves detection by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of antibodies against abortigenic chlamydia psittaci in ruminants. | synthetic peptide antigens were prepared for use in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisas) to detect serum antibodies against abortigenic strains of chlamydia psittaci in livestock. peptide antigens were identified with c. psittaci b577-immune sera by solid-phase scanning of overlapping octapeptides of variable domains (vds) of the major outer membrane protein of c. psittaci serovar 1 (omp1 type c. psittaci b577). two vd 4 regions and one vd 2 region were strongly reactive with all c. psitt ... | 1997 | 9276405 |
| chlamydiosis in a fishing cat (felis viverrina). | a fishing cat (felis viverrina) died overnight, within 12 hr of peracute onset of depression, slight tremors, pallor, and icterus. necropsy showed widespread hemorrhage and hematomata in the heart, stomach, and kidneys. the lungs were hyperemic and edematous. the liver was swollen and yellowish green. the spleen was very large and hyperemic. histologic changes consisted of pneumonia, hepatic necrosis, and renal hemorrhage with glomerular fibrin clots. chlamydia antigen was detected in liver and ... | 1997 | 9279414 |
| [diagnosis and therapy of chlamydia infections]. | | 1997 | 9280717 |
| type iii secretion genes identify a putative virulence locus of chlamydia. | four genes of chlamydia psittaci strain guinea pig inclusion conjunctivitis (gpic), whose predicted products are highly homologous to structural and regulatory components of a contact-dependent or type iii secretion apparatus, were isolated. related to genes present in several animal and plant bacterial pathogens, these genes may represent a section of a previously undetected chromosomal virulence locus analogous to several recently described virulence-associated type iii secretion loci. the exi ... | 1997 | 9282747 |
| a case of relapsing psittacosis associated with a stroke. | psittacosis, caused by chlamydia psittaci, is mainly associated with an atypical pneumonia. we report a case of psittacosis where onset of respiratory symptoms was soon followed by the onset of focal neurological signs, a very uncommon feature. despite adequate treatment with erythromycin, the patient relapsed when re-exposed to a sick pet bird. a prolonged course of doxycycline led to resolution of the pneumonia, but it is important to recall that successful management must also include the eli ... | 1997 | 9287275 |
| comparison of the omp i gene of chlamydia psittaci between isolates in victorian koalas and other animal species. | the objective of this study is to compare the strain of chlamydia causing genital infection in koalas from victoria with isolates from other animal species. | 1997 | 9293340 |
| chlamydia psittaci infection in sheep: a paradigm for human reproductive tract infection. | chlamydiae are important reproductive tract pathogens in a wide variety of animals. in humans, chronic or repeated infection of the female genital tract with chlamydia trachomatis has been identified as a significant factor in the development of occlusive infertility or increased risk of ectopic pregnancy. the spectrum of reproductive disease recognized in sheep to be caused by chlamydia psittaci has been primarily restricted to pregnant animals because the organism was clearly identified as a m ... | 1997 | 9350636 |
| phylogenetic analyses of chlamydia psittaci strains from birds based on 16s rrna gene sequence. | the nucleotide sequences of 16s ribosomal dna (rdna) were determined for 39 strains of chlamydia psittaci (34 from birds and 5 from mammals) and for 4 chlamydia pecorum strains. the sequences were compared phylogenetically with the gene sequences of nine chlamydia strains (covering four species of the genus) retrieved from nucleotide databases. in the neighbor-joining tree, c. psittaci strains were more closely related to each other than to the other chlamydia species, although a feline pneumoni ... | 1997 | 9350757 |
| evaluation of a new commercial microimmunofluorescence test for detection of antibodies to chlamydia pneumoniae, chlamydia trachomatis, and chlamydia psittaci. | a new commercial test for chlamydial serology, the mrl-micro-immunofluorescent test (mrl; mrl diagnostics, usa) was compared with the standard microimmunofluorescence test (mif) using sera from 246 patients. chlamydia pneumoniae immunoglobulin g (igg) antibodies were detected in 46.3% (mif) and 64.2% (mrl) of sera and chlamydia trachomatis igg in 23.2% (mif) and 25.2% (mrl); chlamydia psittaci igg antibodies were found with the mrl in 1% of the sera from a general population and in 17.3% of pres ... | 1997 | 9352264 |
| neurological complications of chlamydial infections: case report and review. | we describe a patient with chlamydia pneumoniae infection who presented with cerebellar dysfunction, followed by respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation. c. pneumoniae is an important respiratory pathogen, and other clinical manifestations, including neurological syndromes, are being increasingly recognized. meningoencephalitis and other neurological complications have also been described in patients with infections due to chlamydia psittaci and chlamydia trachomatis. chlamydial inf ... | 1997 | 9356800 |
| 'farmer's ear': sudden sensorineural hearing loss due to chlamydia psittaci infection. | a case of sudden sensorineural hearing loss in association with a chlamydia psittaci pneumonia is reported. rapid recovery was seen when the patient was treated with high dose steroids and appropriate antibiotics. this is the first such case report in the literature. | 1997 | 9373553 |
| epizootic of chlamydia psittaci infection in goats in taiwan. | epizootic abortion in goats has been frequently reported in taiwan since 1993. the outbroken flocks were found in most of districts in taiwan. no apparent clinical signs were found in aborted doe. the typical abortion occurred in the last two months of pregnancy. the incidence of abortion was from 10% to 87% in outbroken farms in 1993, and a total of 976 out of 2130 pregnancies (46%) were found abortion in our investigation. gross lesions in aborted fetuses included generalized haemorrhage and s ... | 1997 | 9373948 |
| chlamydiae in porcine abortion. | formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded fetal livers and lungs from 139 cases of swine abortion were investigated retrospectively for chlamydiae by means of immunohistochemistry. using a genus-specific antibody, chlamydial antigen was found in eight livers obtained from five (3.6%) abortion cases from different herds. all lung sections were negative. chlamydiae were also labeled in five of the eight positive livers using a monoclonal antibody against immunotype 1 of chlamydia psittaci; the remaining t ... | 1997 | 9381659 |
| in vitro activities of doxycycline and enrofloxacin against european chlamydia psittaci strains from turkeys. | the in vitro susceptibility of 14 european chlamydia psittaci strains from turkeys to the antibiotics doxycycline and enrofloxacin was tested. for doxycycline the mic ranged from 0.05 to 0.2 microg/ml, with an average of 0.1 microg/ml. for enrofloxacin the mic was 0.25 microg/ml. acquired resistance was not detected against doxycycline and enrofloxacin. | 1997 | 9420065 |
| two-dimensional electrophoretic analysis of the protein family at 90 kda of abortifacient chlamydia psittaci. | four major clusters, designated a, b, c and d, were distinguished in western blots by a monoclonal antibody specific for the "antigen family at 90 kda" after two-dimensional electrophoretic analysis on immobilized ph gradient of chlamydial elementary bodies of abortifacient c. psittaci. clusters b, c, and d were closely related with molecular mass (kda) pi values of 91.5/5.2-5.4, 90/5.0-5.2 and 90.5/5.6-5.8, respectively. cluster a was larger, with molecular mass/pi of 104.7/5.1-5.3. evidence fo ... | 1997 | 9420176 |
| immunocytologic detection of chlamydia psittaci from cervical and vaginal samples of chronically infected ewes. | an immunocytologic method was developed for the detection of chronic chlamydia psittaci infection from the reproductive tract of ewes. vaginal and cervical samples from 8 infected and 2 non-infected ewes were stained with a c. psittaci-specific monoclonal antibody. cells containing c. psittaci were only detected from the 8 infected ewes and the level of detection varied with respect to the estrus cycle. an increased number of infected cells were observed during the periovulation period, thus ind ... | 1998 | 9442944 |
| mixed infections with porcine chlamydia trachomatis/pecorum and infections with ruminant chlamydia psittaci serovar 1 associated with abortions in swine. | in a previous immunohistological study, chlamydiae were detected in 5 out of 139 cases of swine abortion, and a possible implication of c. psittaci serovar 1 was suggested. the present study sought to classify the chlamydiae found in the fetal organs of these abortions. dna extracted from 15 paraffin-embedded tissue specimens (10 livers and 5 lungs, obtained from 10 fetuses from 9 cases of abortion) was amplified in a nested pcr with chlamydia omp1 genus-specific primers. chlamydia dna was ampli ... | 1997 | 9453135 |
| cloning and expression of the 75 kda dnak-like protein of chlamydia psittaci and the evaluation of the recombinant protein by immunoblotting and indirect elisa. | the 75 kda dnak-like gene of chlamydia psittaci ovine abortion strain s26/3 was isolated from an embl 3 chlamydial dna library. a 7 kb dna fragment containing the gene was subcloned into bluescribe (m13+) plasmid and used to transform competent e. coli. these cells were found to express a cytoplasmic protein of 75 kda. monospecific antibodies against the protein prepared by antibody elution reacted with the native 75 kda protein. recombinant clones did not adhere to mccoy cell monolayers in cell ... | 1997 | 9453138 |
| [chlamydia and respiratory pathology]. | | 1997 | 9453820 |
| the production of eae-free lambs from infected dams using multiple ovulation and embryo transfer. | this investigation aimed to ascertain whether embryo transfer was a feasible method of breaking the disease cycle caused by chlamydia psittaci (ovis). ten naive ewe lambs were inoculated orally with the t76 and g188 isolates of c. psittaci (ovis) in late pregnancy. five animals which sero-converted to the complement fixation test (cft) were used as donors for a multiple ovulation and embryo transfer programme. three ewes excreted chlamydiae at parturition 1 year after inoculation, with one anima ... | 1998 | 9455162 |
| serological survey of chlamydial antibody in post-natal sera. | questionnaires (3426; 72.8%) and blood samples (3890; 82.6%) were analysed from 4704 women post-natally. the answers to the questionnaire confirmed that those patients living in areas with the highest percentage employed in agriculture were most likely to be in direct or indirect contact with sheep or sheep products. when the 788 (20.3%) of the sera with group specific antibody were examined for type-specific antibody, 291 (7.5%) reacted with chlamydia trachomatis, 153 (3.9%) with chlamydia pneu ... | 1997 | 9459402 |
| serological diagnosis of chlamydial abortion in sheep and goats: comparison of the complement fixation test and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay employing solubilised proteins as antigen. | a new elisa for antibodies against chlamydial abortion of ewes which uses detergent solubilised proteins (dsp) of chlamydia psittaci as antigen (anderson, i.e., herring, a.j., jones, g.e., low, j.c., greig, a., 1995. development and evaluation of an indirect elisa to detect antibodies to abortion strains of chlamydia psittaci in sheep sera. vet. microbiol., 43, pp. 1-12] was compared with the complement fixation test (cft) in screening 1000 ovine and caprine sera obtained from selected flocks/he ... | 1997 | 9460194 |
| characterization of a chlamydia psittaci dna binding protein (euo) synthesized during the early and middle phases of the developmental cycle. | the euo gene (for early upstream open reading frame) of chlamydia psittaci was previously found to be transcribed better at 1 than at 24 h postinfection. we found that the euo gene encodes a minor protein that is expressed within 1 h of infection of host cells with c. psittaci 6bc but that protein quantity peaks during the logarithmic growth phase of reticulate bodies (rbs), declines late in the infection (after 20 h) when rbs reorganize into elementary bodies (ebs), and is absent in infectious ... | 1998 | 9488410 |
| [value and limitations of the microimmunofluorescence technique in the diagnosis of chlamydia infections in humans]. | | 1995 | 9506145 |
| enhancement of atp levels and glucose metabolism during an infection by chlamydia. nmr studies of living cells. | the chlamydia species are obligate intracellular bacteria that proliferate only within the infected cell. since the extracellular bacteria are metabolically inert and there are no cell-free systems for characterizing chlamydia metabolism, we studied metabolic changes related to atp synthesis and glycolysis in hela cells infected with chlamydia psittaci during the course of the 2-day infection cycle using noninvasive 31p and 13c nmr methods. we find that the infection stimulates atp synthesis in ... | 1998 | 9507014 |
| a search for chlamydia psittaci in products of conception. | | 1998 | 9515693 |
| molecular cloning and characterization of the genes coding for the highly immunogenic cluster of 90-kilodalton envelope proteins from the chlamydia psittaci subtype that causes abortion in sheep. | proteins present in the outer membrane of chlamydiae that are involved in mucosal epithelial cell infection must clearly be identified and characterized if we are to understand and modify the pathogenic mechanisms utilized by these organisms. we have identified and isolated a family of four genes encoding putative outer membrane proteins (pomps), a group of proteins of approximately 90 kda present in the outer membrane of the subtype of chlamydia psittaci that causes ovine enzootic abortion (str ... | 1998 | 9529048 |
| human mannose-binding protein inhibits infection of hela cells by chlamydia trachomatis. | the role that collectin (mannose-binding protein) may play in the host's defense against chlamydial infection was investigated. recombinant human mannose-binding protein was used in the inhibition of cell culture infection by chlamydia trachomatis (c/tw-3/ot, e/uw-5/cx, and l2/434/bu), chlamydia pneumoniae (ar-39), and chlamydia psittaci (6bc). mannose-binding protein (mbp) inhibited infection of all chlamydial strains by at least 50% at 0.098 microg/ml for tw-3 and uw-5, and at 6.25 microg/ml f ... | 1998 | 9529088 |
| the sinorhizobium meliloti mucr protein, which is essential for the production of high-molecular-weight succinoglycan exopolysaccharide, binds to short dna regions upstream of exoh and exoy. | sinorhizobium meliloti (rhizobium meliloti) is able to produce two different exopolysaccharides, succinoglycan and galactoglucan. mutations in the mucr gene of s. meliloti result in the stimulation of galactoglucan synthesis, while the type of succinoglycan produced is modified. in culture supernatants of a mucr mutant, low-molecular-weight succinoglycan is present, whereas no high-molecular-weight succinoglycan could be detected. the biosynthesis of succinoglycan is directed by the products of ... | 1998 | 9529524 |
| mucosal and systemic humoral immune response of turkeys after infection and reinfection with a chlamydia psittaci serovar d strain. | the purpose of this study was to examine the effects of chlamydia-specific antibodies in tears and tracheal washings (iga and igg) and sera (igg) on chlamydial excretion during the course of an experimental infection and reinfection of turkeys with chlamydia psittaci. two groups of turkeys were experimentally infected with a serovar d strain of chlamydia psittaci, either at the age of 7 days or at the age of 35 days. a third group was infected at the age of 7 days and reinfected with the same st ... | 1998 | 9533081 |
| development of the male urogenital system of the koala phascolarctos cinereus. | this paper described several developmental stages of the male urogenital system in the koala phascolarctos cinereus, employing both light and scanning electron microscopy. there are few studies of the development of the urogenital system in male marsupials. findings by white and timms (1994) that male koalas can be infected with chlamydia psittaci emphasise the importance of studies on male animals and in particular their reproductive system. specimens in our study ranged in age from 15 days pos ... | 1998 | 9543340 |
| characterization of the systemic disease and ocular signs induced by experimental infection with chlamydia psittaci in cats. | in addition to the commonly reported ocular signs, chlamydia psittaci infection of kittens resulted in fever, lethargy, lameness and reduction in weight gain following ocular instillation of virulent organisms. the appearance of these systemic signs was late with respect to the appearance of ocular symptoms and occurred simultaneously with increasing levels of chlamydia-specific igg. measurement of acute phase reactants and il-6 in plasma indicated that both became elevated concurrent with or sl ... | 1998 | 9556858 |
| experimental genital tract infection with chlamydia psittaci (gpic agent) in male rats. | the course of experimental chlamydial infection of the male genital tract was studied. inoculation of the chlamydia psittaci agent of guinea pig inclusion conjunctivitis (gpic agent) into the vas deferens of rats resulted in chlamydial infection of the epididymis, testis and the prostate gland. the inflammatory response was most prominent at 14 days after infection. chlamydiae were recovered from the epididymides and the prostate glands for up to 90 and 60 days post inoculation, respectively. hi ... | 1998 | 9561385 |
| internalization of chlamydia by dendritic cells and stimulation of chlamydia-specific t cells. | chlamydia species are the causative agents of trachoma, various forms of pneumonia, and the most common sexually transmitted diseases. although the infection cycle has been extensively characterized in epithelial cells, where the chlamydia entry-vacuoles avoid fusion with host-cell lysosomes, the cellular immune response has received less attention. moreover, despite the abundant presence of dendritic cells (dc) in the sites of infection, the interaction between chlamydia and dc has never been s ... | 1998 | 9570547 |
| kinetics of infection and effects on placental cell populations in a murine model of chlamydia psittaci-induced abortion. | the anatomical progression of chlamydial infection was studied in different areas of the placenta, using a mouse model and two inoculation times: early pregnancy (day 7, group a) and midpregnancy (day 11, group b). the first population cells affected were decidual cells and neutrophils located just at the limits of the maternal and fetal placenta. the following invaded area was the layer of giant cells. complete colonization of the maternal placenta occurred after day 15 of pregnancy independent ... | 1998 | 9573099 |
| serotyping of chlamydia psittaci isolates from ratites. | | 1998 | 9576350 |
| infection with feline chlamydia psittaci. | | 1998 | 9577527 |
| [early manifestation of septic shock and disseminated intravascular coagulation complicated by acute myocardial infarction in a patient suspected of having legionnaires' disease]. | legionellosis is an important cause of severe pneumonia in the community. inadequate therapy will lead to respiratory distress syndrome, disseminated intravascular coagulation (dic) and finally fatal multiple organ failure. we encountered a rare case in which early manifestation included septic shock and dic complicated by acute myocardial infarction (ami) suspected to be derived from legionnaires' disease. a 54-year-old healthy female complained of lumbago, high fever and dry cough 10 days afte ... | 1998 | 9585703 |
| cytokines and the protective host immune response to chlamydia psittaci. | the immunobiology of enzootic abortion of ewes (eae) is incompletely understood. the causative agent is chlamydia psittaci, which infects many ruminant species and has zoonotic potential. the organism can survive in the ovine host for many months without causing clinical symptoms but does not generate a sterile immunity during this time. it has been postulated that the organism persists in the host entering at a latent phase, possibly mediated by host cytokine production. the effects of cytokine ... | 1998 | 9597304 |
| case records of the massachusetts general hospital. weekly clinicopathological exercises. case 16-1998. pneumonia and the acute respiratory distress syndrome in a 24-year-old man. | | 1998 | 9599105 |
| analysis of the humoral immune response to chlamydia outer membrane protein 2. | the humoral immune response to chlamydia outer membrane protein 2 (omp2) was studied. omp2 is a highly genus-conserved structural protein of all chlamydia species, containing a variable n-terminal fragment. to analyze where the immunogenic parts were localized, seven highly purified truncated fusion proteins constituting different regions of the protein were produced (chlamydia pneumoniae-omp2aa23-aa93, chlamydia psittaci-omp2aa23-aa94, and chlamydia trachomatis-omp2aa23-aa84, aa87-aa547, aa23-a ... | 1998 | 9605983 |
| chronic follicular conjunctivitis associated with chlamydia psittaci or chlamydia pneumoniae. | we determined whether patients with chronic conjunctivitis in whom direct fluorescent antibody (dfa) tests revealed genus-specific chlamydial antigens (but not species-specific chlamydia trachomatis antigens) were infected with chlamydia psittaci or chlamydia pneumoniae. patients were divided into a case group of possible non-trachomatis chlamydial conjunctivitis and a control group of nonchlamydial conjunctivitis on the basis of examination and dfa testing. species-specific primers were used to ... | 1998 | 9636859 |
| detection of chlamydiosis in a shipment of pet birds, leading to recognition of an outbreak of clinically mild psittacosis in humans. | avian chlamydiosis was detected in a shipment of > 700 pet birds from a florida bird distributor that were sold to nine atlanta-area pet stores in august 1995. respiratory illness among persons who had recently acquired birds from this shipment was reported to local public health officials. the attack rate of acute respiratory illness was 10.7% among persons in households exposed to birds from the implicated flock vs. 1.8% among control households (odds ratio, 6.60; 95% confidence interval, 1.39 ... | 1998 | 9636874 |
| [detection of chlamydia psittaci infections in amphibians using an immunofluorescence test]. | in amphibians, chlamydia psittaci infections are known since 1982 as a fatal disease. only documented in two amphibian species, the pathogen seems to be widespread in these coldblooded vertebrates. the detection of intracytoplasmatic inclusion bodies and following examinations (electronmicroscopy) were necessary for the postmortal diagnosis. in 26 amphibians (3 species) a specific immunological testkit (immunofluerescence test) have been used. in 18 cases a positive result was found. this is the ... | 1998 | 9639956 |
| susceptibility of alpine ibex to conjunctivitis caused by inoculation of a sheep-strain of mycoplasma conjunctivae. | we evaluated the susceptibility of alpine ibex (capra ibex ibex) to mycoplasmal conjunctivitis induced by a strain of mycoplasma conjunctivae isolated from domestic sheep by inoculation of three alpine ibexes with 1.2 x 10(6) colony forming units of m. conjunctivae in the conjunctival sac of both eyes. one more ibex was exposed to the infection by contact. experimental animals were free of m. conjunctivae and ocular chlamydia infection before inoculation. conjunctivitis and serous to mucous lach ... | 1998 | 9646477 |
| tandem genes of chlamydia psittaci that encode proteins localized to the inclusion membrane. | chlamydiae are obligate intracellular bacteria that replicate within a non-acidified vacuole, termed an inclusion. to identify chlamydial proteins that are unique to the intracellular phase of the life cycle, a lambda expression library of chlamydia psittaci dna was differentially screened with convalescent antisera from infected guinea pigs and antisera directed at formalin-fixed purified chlamydial elementary bodies (ebs). one library clone was identified that harboured two open reading frames ... | 1998 | 9663687 |
| compendium of measures to control chlamydia psittaci infection among humans (psittacosis) and pet birds (avian chlamydiosis), 1998. center for disease control and prevention. | psittacosis -- also known as parrot disease, parrot fever, and ornithosiscan cause severe pneumonia and other serious health problems among humans. approximately 800 cases of psittacosis (infection with chlamydia psittaci) were reported to cdc from 1987 through 1996, and most resulted from exposure to pet birds, usually parrots, macaws, cockatiels, and parakeets. in birds, c. psittaci infection is referred to as avian chlamydiosis (ac). infected birds shed the bacteria through feces and nasal di ... | 1998 | 9671426 |
| characterization of a neutralizing monoclonal antibody directed at the lipopolysaccharide of chlamydia pneumoniae. | identification of protective epitopes is one of the first steps in the development of a subunit vaccine. one approach to accomplishing this is to identify structures or epitopes by using monoclonal antibodies (mab) that can attenuate infectivity in vitro and in vivo. to date attempts to use this approach with chlamydia pneumoniae have failed. this report is the first description of a mab directed to the lipopolysaccharide (lps) of chlamydia that neutralizes both in vitro and in vivo the infectiv ... | 1998 | 9673271 |
| immunoelectron microscopic localisation of the omp90 family on the outer membrane surface of chlamydia psittaci. | the putative outer membrane location of the omp90 (formerly pomp) family from the ovine abortion strain of chlamydia psittaci was investigated by immunoelectron microscopy. using a non-embedding technique, antigens were shown to be localised on the outer membrane surface of both elementary and reticulate bodies, the infectious and non-infectious forms of chlamydiae respectively. antibodies affinity-purified against the expressed amino- and carboxy-terminal halves of one of the family members. om ... | 1998 | 9675857 |
| isolation of an avian serovar of chlamydia psittaci from a case of bovine abortion. | | 1998 | 9683079 |
| recent advances on ovine chlamydial abortion. | this paper reviews new findings on ovine chlamydial abortion. concerning chlamydial taxonomy, with the recent advances due to the analysis of the ribosomal genes, nine genotypic groups were identified separated into two lineages. it also describes the transmission of the disease, the site of entry of the organism and chlamydial shedding by underlying the role of latent infections. recent results also concern the pathogenesis, with the kinetics of placental colonization and placental pathology le ... | 1998 | 9689742 |
| [psittacosis (chlamydiosis) of birds and the necessity of government disease control]. | psittacosis--induced by chlamydia psittaci--occurs at present as individual cases but not any more as an endemic or epidemic disease. the diagnosis does not pose unsurmountable difficulties. the dominant sources of infection for men are--unlike in previous times--now budgerigars and cockatiels from domestic breeding sources but also--as far as it is known at all--different domestic mammals. a targeted therapy of diseases in humans and birds is successfully possible with chlortetracycline, doxycy ... | 1998 | 9710938 |
| abortion in guinea pigs by chlamydia psittaci isolates from natural sheep abortion. | experimental model for chlamydial abortion was planned using pregnant guinea pigs to study whether the isolate of chlamydia psittaci from natural cases of sheep abortion is able to cause experimental abortion in pregnant guinea pigs or not. follow up and clinical observations like thermal reaction and haematological changes exhibited biphaic febrile response and marked leucopenia in both intraperitoneal group as well as intravaginal group. the laboratory examinations revealed presence of chlamyd ... | 1998 | 9717453 |
| a comparison of dna amplification, isolation and serology for the detection of chlamydia psittaci infection in cats. | chlamydia psittaci is a significant cause of conjunctivitis in cats, but can be difficult to diagnose owing to the small number of organisms in conjunctival swabs. in the united kingdom laboratory diagnosis is based on three techniques: isolation of the infectious organism, amplification of chlamydial dna by the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) or the detection of anti-chlamydial antibodies by immunofluorescence assay. to determine the most sensitive method these techniques were compared in the f ... | 1998 | 9725174 |
| induction of apoptosis by chlamydia psittaci and chlamydia trachomatis infection in tissue culture cells. | the role of programmed cell death (apoptosis) in llc-mk2 cells infected with chlamydia trachomatis lgv2 serotype and chlamydia psittaci 6bc strain was investigated using flow cytometry and tunel procedures. the number of apoptotic cells was significantly higher at 72 and 96 hours post infection in the chlamydia infected cell cultures in comparison with mock-infected cells. we postulate the apoptotic process to be a mechanism induced by c. trachomatis and c. psittaci infection in llc-mk2 cells. | 1998 | 9728403 |
| the intracellular life of chlamydia psittaci: how do the bacteria interact with the host cell? | throughout the life of any organism interactions with the surrounding environment are always taking place, a process that leads to evolution. chlamydia psittaci is an obligate intracellular parasite, but it must also be capable of extracellular survival in order to search for new host cells. therefore, these peculiar prokaryotes have evolved two different particles and a unique developmental cycle that, together with a series of not yet fully understood interactions with their host cells, allow ... | 1998 | 9729764 |
| [nosocomial ornithosis]. | ornithosis is an occupational hazard to workers in the poultry industry, zoonosis. own sporadic unusual case is appearing under the hospital circumstances as a nosocomial atypical pneumonia. | 1998 | 9734215 |
| community outbreak of psittacosis in a rural australian town. | health authorities in victoria, australia were notified of three men from a rural town with atypical pneumonia, admitted to hospital over 8 days. initial serological testing suggested chlamydia psittaci as the cause. we did a case-control study to find risk factors for psittacosis. | 1998 | 9734887 |
| plaque formation by and plaque cloning of chlamydia trachomatis biovar trachoma. | a new technique for the induction of plaque formation by chlamydia trachomatis biovar trachoma applicable to the titration of infectivity and cloning of biovar trachoma was established. three novel strains were cloned and confirmed to be free of glycogen inclusions. the lack of glycogen accumulation correlated with the absence of a 7.5-kb plasmid, which is highly conserved in other strains of c. trachomatis. although the growth efficiency of these plasmid-free strains was slightly lower than tha ... | 1998 | 9738059 |
| characterization of avian chlamydia psittaci strains using omp1 restriction mapping and serovar-specific monoclonal antibodies. | in the present study, 60 avian chlamydia psittaci isolates were characterized using restriction fragment length polymorphism as well as serovar-specific monoclonal antibodies, enabling a comparison between the two characterization methods. sixty avian c. psittaci isolates were characterized by alul restriction mapping of the major outer membrane protein gene omp1 obtained after amplification by the polymerase chain reaction. the 60 avian c. psittaci strains were also characterized using serovar- ... | 1997 | 9765811 |
| lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis genes in koala type i chlamydia: cloning and characterization. | we showed in 1988 that there are two strains of chlamydia psittaci which infect the koala (phascolarctos cinereus). in order to further investigate the role of these chlamydial strains in pathogenesis, we have attempted to identify genes of koala type i strain chlamydia which are involved in the immunogenic response. transformation of escherichia coli with a plasmid containing a 6.3-kb fragment (pkoc-10) of c. psittaci dna caused the appearance of a specific chlamydial lipopolysaccharide (lps) e ... | 1997 | 9765820 |
| [severe pneumonia with a pneumococcal aspect during an ornithosis outbreak]. | to describe the clinical, radiological and biological features of chlamydia psittaci pneumonia. | 1998 | 9767806 |
| apoptosis of epithelial cells and macrophages due to infection with the obligate intracellular pathogen chlamydia psittaci. | we have characterized the cytotoxic activity of the obligate intracellular bacterium chlamydia psittaci, which resides within a membrane-bound vacuole during the 2-day infection cycle. we have established that infected epithelial cells and macrophages die through apoptosis, which is measurable within 1 day of infection and requires productive infection by the bacteria. inhibition of host cell protein synthesis has no effect on cell death, but blocking bacterial entry or bacterial protein synthes ... | 1998 | 9780196 |
| [community acquired pneumonia requiring admission to hospital. etiology and follow-up of 366 cases]. | an eighteen-month prospective study designed to determine the incidence, etiology and prognosis of community acquired pneumonia (cap) in adults requiring admission to hospital. | 1998 | 9780423 |
| relationship between abortions and seroprevalences to selected infectious agents in dairy cows. | the aim of this study was to determine whether the occurrence of abortion is related to the seroprevalence of abortion-causing infectious agents. in a cross-sectional study, cattle from dairy farms in switzerland that were defined as having an abortion problem were divided into two groups: cows with a history of abortion within the previous 3 months (cases) and cows without a history of abortion (controls). a positive titre to leptospira spp. was associated with an increased probability of being ... | 1998 | 9780831 |
| the major outer membrane protein of chlamydia psittaci functions as a porin-like ion channel. | the major outer membrane protein (momp) of chlamydia species shares several biochemical properties with classical porin proteins. secondary structure analysis by circular dichroism now reveals that momp purified from chlamydia psittaci has a predominantly beta-sheet content (62%), which is also typical of bacterial porins. can momp form functional ion channels? to directly test the "porin channel" hypothesis at the molecular level, the momp was reconstituted into planar lipid bilayers, where it ... | 1998 | 9784523 |
| high-level expression of chlamydia psittaci major outer membrane protein in cos cells and in skeletal muscles of turkeys. | the omp1 genes encoding the major outer membrane proteins (momps) of avian chlamydia psittaci serovar a and d strains were cloned and sequenced. the nucleotide sequences of the avian c. psittaci serovar a and d momp genes were found to be 98.9 and 87.8% identical, respectively, to that of the avian c. psittaci serovar a strain 6bc, 84.6 and 99.8% identical to that of the avian c. psittaci serovar d strain nj1, 79.1 and 81.1% identical to that of the c. psittaci guinea pig inclusion conjunctiviti ... | 1998 | 9784562 |
| experimental chlamydia psittaci serotype 1 enteric infection in gnotobiotic piglets: histopathological, immunohistochemical and microbiological findings. | the enteric pathogenicity of the ovine c. psittaci serotype 1 isolate s26/3 was assessed using a litter of gnotobiotic piglets. in one group, eight piglets were inoculated at 3 days of age; at 10 days, two of these were re-inoculated. in a second group, six animals were mock-inoculated at 3 days of age as negative controls; subsequently, at 10 days, three of these piglets were inoculated with c. psittaci. the animals were observed for clinical signs, killed and necropsied sequentially between 4 ... | 1998 | 9791872 |
| psittacosis in egypt: a case study. | psittacosis, also referred to as ornithosis, is a disease primarily of birds, which may be transmitted to humans. psittacosis is caused by chlamydia psittaci, an obligate intracellular parasite found worldwide. humans are infected with c. psittaci when the organism enters the blood stream, usually through inhalation of dried excrement from diseased birds or through wound contamination with infected avian secretions. c. psittaci replicates in the liver and spleen and infects the lung and other or ... | 1997 | 9815479 |
| outbreak of chlamydia infection in rural australian town. | | 1998 | 9820325 |
| pcr detection of chlamydia psittaci in faecal samples from passerine birds in sweden. | to investigate to what extent wild passerine birds are carriers of chlamydia psittaci, 312 faecal samples from 18 bird species were collected. using the pcr technique and subsequent dna sequencing, c. psittaci dna was demonstrated in faecal samples from 9 (2.9%) birds of 6 different species. sera from 65 bird-ringers, highly exposed to wild birds, were tested by microimmunofluorescence assay for the occurrence of igg and igm antibodies to c. psittaci. no such antibodies were found. this results ... | 1998 | 9825803 |
| chlamydia trachomatis inca is localized to the inclusion membrane and is recognized by antisera from infected humans and primates. | chlamydia psittaci produces a collection of proteins, termed inca, incb, and incc, that are localized to the chlamydial inclusion membrane. in this report we demonstrate that inca is also produced by chlamydia trachomatis. c. trachomatis inca is structurally similar to c. psittaci inca and is also localized to the inclusion membrane. immunoblot analysis demonstrated that sera from c. trachomatis-infected patients and from experimentally infected monkeys both recognized c. trachomatis inca. | 1998 | 9826388 |
| psittacosis (chlamydiosis) | | 1998 | 9846320 |
| psittacosis in a rural australian town. | | 1998 | 9851417 |
| identification of two novel genes encoding 97- to 99-kilodalton outer membrane proteins of chlamydia pneumoniae. | two genes encoding 97- to 99-kda chlamydia pneumoniae vr1310 outer membrane proteins (omp4 and omp5) with mutual similarity were cloned and sequenced. the proteins were shown to be constituents of the c. pneumoniae outer membrane complex, and the deduced amino acid sequences were similar to those of putative outer membrane proteins encoded by the chlamydia psittaci and chlamydia trachomatis gene families. by use of a monospecific polyclonal antibody against purified recombinant omp4, it was show ... | 1999 | 9864239 |
| [evaluation of serum kl-6 levels in summer-type hypersensitivity pneumonitis]. | a high level of serum kl-6 is a known feature of active pulmonary fibrosis. some researchers have suggested that kl-6 is produced and secreted by type ii pneumocytes. the present study evaluated serum kl-6 levels in patients with summer-type hypersensitivity pneumonitis (summer-type hp) (n = 6, 7 episodes), mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (n = 16), chlamydia psittaci pneumonia (n = 3), chlamydia pneumoniae pneumonia (n = 9), and bacterial pneumonia (n = 12). in addition, transbronchial lung biop ... | 1998 | 9866978 |
| aflp allows the identification of genomic markers of ruminant chlamydia psittaci strains useful for typing and epidemiological studies. | amplified fragment length polymorphism (aflp), a novel method for molecular typing, was evaluated for its ability to differentiate among a group of highly related chlamydia psittaci strains isolated from ruminants and belonging to serotype 1. a total set of 12 strains were included in this study, 10 strains inducing abortion in ruminants and 2 strains from faecal samples. for the aflp analysis, the total purified genomic dna of each strain was submitted to a one-step digestion-ligation reaction ... | 1998 | 9921580 |
| il-12 administered during chlamydia psittaci lung infection in mice confers immediate and long-term protection and reduces macrophage inflammatory protein-2 level and neutrophil infiltration in lung tissue. | protection against infections with the intracellular bacterium chlamydia spp. requires th1-polarized cd4+ t cell immunity. in balb/c mouse lung infections, immediate innate and nascent chlamydia-specific immune responses following intranasal inoculation of chlamydia psittaci strain b577 were modulated by 7-day i.p. administration of murine ril-12, the initiation cytokine for th1 immunity. treatment with il-12 reduced the severity of chlamydial pneumonia, abolished mortality (37.5% in untreated m ... | 1999 | 9973497 |
| characterisation of strain-specific sequences from an abortifacient strain of ovine chlamydia psittaci using subtraction hybridisation. | enzootic abortion in ewes (eae) is caused by strains of chlamydia psittaci which have the ability to invade and colonise the placenta of sheep. in an attempt to improve diagnostic methods for the detection of eae, subtraction hybridisation was used to isolate unique fragments of the genome of an abortifacient strain (s26/3) of c. psittaci. one s26/3 strain-specific sequence identified was shown to encode a putative helicase which is repeated throughout the eae genome. the labelled strain-specifi ... | 1999 | 9987837 |
| [a very serious course of psittacosis in pregnancy]. | a 33-year-old pregnant woman was admitted because of atypical pneumonia. she developed adult respiratory distress syndrome complicated by premature birth and perinatal mortality. the diagnosis 'psittacosis' was established on clinical grounds and confirmed serologically (complement fixation test). she was treated with doxycycline 200 mg i.v. daily for 3 weeks and was discharged in good condition after three months. indirect case history revealed infected birds from the neighbours as the likely s ... | 1998 | 10028357 |
| single channel analysis of recombinant major outer membrane protein porins from chlamydia psittaci and chlamydia pneumoniae. | we recently demonstrated that the major outer membrane protein of chlamydia psittaci, the primary vaccine candidate for combating chlamydial infections, functions as a porin-like ion channel. in this study, we have cloned, expressed and functionally reconstituted recombinant major outer membrane proteins from c. psittaci and chlamydia pneumoniae and analysed them at the single channel level. both form porin-like ion channels that are functionally similar to those formed by native c. psittaci maj ... | 1999 | 10069399 |
| encephalitis related to chlamydia psittaci infection in a 14-week-old calf. | | 1999 | 10070703 |
| an epidemic of a pertussis-like illness caused by chlamydia pneumoniae. | between june and july, 1994, we encountered an epidemic of a pertussis-like illness in adolescents in a junior high school located in a rural area of japan. the purposes of this study were to record the clinical manifestations and to identify an etiology. | 1999 | 10093951 |
| experimental studies of chlamydiosis in japanese quails. | two-week-old japanese quails were infected intratracheally with six strains of chlamydia psittaci isolated from calf pneumonia, swine pneumonia, goat abortion, sheep abortion, kid enteritis, and calf conjunctivitis, respectively. the japanese quails from infected and control groups were closely observed for clinical symptoms. in order to examine the gross and microscopic lesions, quails in each group were sacrificed at 2, 5, 7, 10, 14, 21 and 30 days post infection. alterations induced by pneumo ... | 1999 | 10096166 |
| oxidative activity of turkey monocytes, following the inoculation with chlamydia psittaci. | chemiluminescence (cl) was used to investigate the competence of turkey monocytes to mount a respiratory burst response upon interaction with chlamydia psittaci. the oxidative activity of purified turkey monocytes, following inoculation with the avian c. psittaci serovar d strain 92/1293, was studied using luminol- and lucigenin-enhanced cl. purified turkey monocytes were inoculated with c. psittaci at multiplicity of infection (moi) of approximately 100, 10 and 1. in the presence of luminol, no ... | 1999 | 10189192 |
| [psittacosis]. | | 1999 | 10201182 |
| role of 'atypical' pneumonia pathogens in respiratory tract infections. | the 'atypical' pathogens are important causes of pneumonia, causing illness ranging from mild to life-threatening. the most common atypical pathogens are mycoplasma pneumoniae and chlamydia pneumoniae; others include legionella species, chlamydia psittaci and viruses such as influenza, adenovirus and respiratory syncytial virus. infection rates for these agents are difficult to determine because many clinicians and investigators do not routinely test for them, but reported rates are in the range ... | 1999 | 10202227 |