| inadequacy of igm antibody tests for diagnosis of rocky mountain spotted fever. | among 13 suspected rocky mountain spotted fever (rmsf) cases identified through an enhanced surveillance program in tennessee, antibodies to rickettsia rickettsii were detected in 10 (77%) patients using a standard indirect immunofluorescent antibody (ifa) assay. immunoglobulin m (igm) antibodies were observed for 6 of 13 patients (46%) without a corresponding development of igg, and for 3 of 10 patients (30%) at least 1 year post-onset. however, recent infection with a spotted fever group ricke ... | 2014 | 25092818 |
| phylogeography of rickettsia rickettsii genotypes associated with fatal rocky mountain spotted fever. | rocky mountain spotted fever (rmsf), a tick-borne zoonosis caused by rickettsia rickettsii, is among the deadliest of all infectious diseases. to identify the distribution of various genotypes of r. rickettsii associated with fatal rmsf, we applied molecular typing methods to samples of dna extracted from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue specimens obtained at autopsy from 103 case-patients from seven countries who died of rmsf. complete sequences of one or more intergenic regions were am ... | 2014 | 24957541 |
| asymptomatic petechial eruption on the lower legs. | the authors report an unusual case of rocky mountain spotted fever that presented as an asymptomatic petechial eruption on the lower legs. rocky mountain spotted fever is rare in new england and, as such, is typically not on the differential diagnosis when presented with such patients. what began as an asymptomatic eruption progressed to more classic signs of the disease, including a positive rocky mountain spotted fever titer. the patient was successfully treated with doxycydine and within a sh ... | 0 | 24062875 |
| novel immunomodulators from hard ticks selectively reprogramme human dendritic cell responses. | hard ticks subvert the immune responses of their vertebrate hosts in order to feed for much longer periods than other blood-feeding ectoparasites; this may be one reason why they transmit perhaps the greatest diversity of pathogens of any arthropod vector. tick-induced immunomodulation is mediated by salivary components, some of which neutralise elements of innate immunity or inhibit the development of adaptive immunity. as dendritic cells (dc) trigger and help to regulate adaptive immunity, the ... | 2013 | 23825947 |
| hitch-hiker taken for a ride: an unusual cause of myocarditis, septic shock and adult respiratory distress syndrome. | rocky mountain spotted fever (rmsf) is a serious tick-borne illness caused by rickettsia rickettsii that is endemic in southeastern usa. although rmsf has been described as causing the classic clinical triad of fever, headache and a characteristic rash, serious and potentially life-threatening manifestations can occur. cardiopulmonary involvement, although infrequent, may occur with severe cases of rmsf. rickettsial myocarditis is an uncommon occurrence. we present a case of a previously healthy ... | 2013 | 23314875 |
| first report of cytauxzoon sp. infection in a domestic cat from portugal. | cytauxzoonosis is an emerging and life-threatening tick-borne feline disease caused by haemoprotozoan parasites of the genus cytauxzoon. information regarding epidemiological and clinical presentation of infections by species other than cytauxzoon felis is scant. a case of cytauxzoon sp. infection is described in a 2-year-old mixed breed male domestic cat from portugal, presenting a history of acute lethargy, anorexia and pyrexia. | 2016 | 27160193 |
| hierarchical bayesian spatio-temporal analysis of climatic and socio-economic determinants of rocky mountain spotted fever. | this study aims to examine the spatio-temporal dynamics of rocky mountain spotted fever (rmsf) prevalence in four contiguous states of midwestern united states, and to determine the impact of environmental and socio-economic factors associated with this disease. bayesian hierarchical models were used to quantify space and time only trends and spatio-temporal interaction effect in the case reports submitted to the state health departments in the region. various socio-economic, environmental and c ... | 2016 | 26942604 |
| transcriptome analysis of the central and peripheral nervous systems of the spider cupiennius salei reveals multiple putative cys-loop ligand gated ion channel subunits and an acetylcholine binding protein. | invertebrates possess a diverse collection of pentameric cys-loop ligand gated ion channel (lgic) receptors whose molecular structures, evolution and relationships to mammalian counterparts have been intensely investigated in several clinically and agriculturally important species. these receptors are targets for a variety of control agents that may also harm beneficial species. however, little is known about cys-loop receptors in spiders, which are important natural predators of insects. we ass ... | 2015 | 26368804 |
| efficacy of fluralaner flavored chews (bravecto) administered to dogs against the adult cat flea, ctenocephalides felis felis and egg production. | fluralaner is a potent insecticide and acaricide with rapid and persistent efficacy. this study measured the efficacy of fluralaner flavored chews (bravecto®, merck animal health) administered to dogs against adult ctenocephalides felis felis and egg production. | 2015 | 26160349 |
| effects of aedes aegypti salivary components on dendritic cell and lymphocyte biology. | saliva is a key element of interaction between hematophagous mosquitoes and their vertebrate hosts. in addition to allowing a successful blood meal by neutralizing or delaying hemostatic responses, the salivary cocktail is also able to modulate the effector mechanisms of host immune responses facilitating, in turn, the transmission of several types of microorganisms. understanding how the mosquito uses its salivary components to circumvent host immunity might help to clarify the mechanisms of tr ... | 2013 | 24238038 |
| frequency and clinical epidemiology of canine monocytic ehrlichiosis in dogs infested with ticks from sinaloa, mexico. | ehrlichia canis is a rickettsial intracellular obligate bacterial pathogen and agent of canine monocytic ehrlichiosis. the prevalence of this disease in veterinary medicine can vary depending on the diagnostic method used and the geographic location. one hundred and fifty-two canine blood samples from six veterinary clinics and two shelters from sinaloa state (mexico) were analyzed in this study. all animals were suspected of having canine monocytic ehrlichiosis (cme). the diagnostic methods use ... | 2013 | 26464910 |
| new species of ehrlichia isolated from rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus shows an ortholog of the e. canis major immunogenic glycoprotein gp36 with a new sequence of tandem repeats. | ehrlichia species are the etiological agents of emerging and life-threatening tick-borne human zoonoses that inflict serious and fatal infections in companion animals and livestock. the aim of this paper was to phylogeneticaly characterise a new species of ehrlichia isolated from rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus from minas gerais, brazil. | 2012 | 23231731 |
| field trials to attract questing stages of brown dog tick, rhipicephalus sanguineus using tick pheromone-acaricide complex. | evaluations were made to assess the efficacy of assembly pheromone, attractant sex pheromone and the kairomone carbon dioxide in attracting the questing larval nymphal and adult stages of the brown ear dog tick, rhipicephalus sanguineus. ticks attracted to one location were killed using the acaricide deltamethrin. initially, simulated field trials were conducted to observe the percentage of attraction of ticks from different distances. tick lure comprising of carbon dioxide as kairomone and 2,6- ... | 2012 | 24431546 |
| seroprevalence of ehrlichia canis, ehrlichia chaffeensis and ehrlichia ewingii in dogs in north america. | this study evaluated the exposure of dogs to three different ehrlichia spp. in the south and central regions of the united states where vector-borne disease prevalence has been previously difficult to ascertain, particularly beyond the metropolitan areas. | 2012 | 22316160 |
| transcriptional profiling of the murine cutaneous response during initial and subsequent infestations with ixodes scapularis nymphs. | ixodes scapularis ticks are hematophagous arthropods capable of transmitting many infectious agents to humans. the process of blood feeding is an extended and continuous interplay between tick and host responses. while this process has been studied extensively in vitro, no global understanding of the host response to ticks has emerged. | 2012 | 22309607 |
| molecular detection and identification of spotted fever group rickettsiae in ticks collected from the west bank, palestinian territories. | tick-borne rickettsioses are caused by obligate intracellular bacteria belonging to the spotted fever group (sfg) rickettsiae. although spotted fever is prevalent in the middle east, no reports for the presence of tick-borne pathogens are available or any studies on the epidemiology of this disease in the west bank. we aimed to identify the circulating hard tick vectors and genetically characterize sfg rickettsia species in ixodid ticks from the west bank-palestinian territories. | 2016 | 26771654 |
| seroepidemiological studies of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus in domestic and wild animals. | crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever (cchf) is a widely distributed, tick-borne viral disease. humans are the only species known to develop illness after cchf virus (cchfv) infection, characterized by a nonspecific febrile illness that can progress to severe, often fatal, hemorrhagic disease. a variety of animals may serve as asymptomatic reservoirs of cchfv in an endemic cycle of transmission. seroepidemiological studies have been instrumental in elucidating cchfv reservoirs and in determining endem ... | 2016 | 26741652 |
| spotted fever group rickettsiae in questing ticks, central spain. | | 0 | 23763913 |
| transovarial transmission of babesia ovis by rhipicephalus sanguineus and hyalomma marginatum. | rhipicephalus sanguineus and hyalomma marginatum are the most common species in sheep herds in northeast of iran. there is preliminary evidence that these species may be the vectors of babesia ovis in iran. we carried out two experiments in mashhad area, khorasan razavi province to determine whether b. ovis could be transovarially transmitted by r. sanguineus and h. marginatum. | 0 | 22347253 |
| infection of domestic dogs in peru by zoonotic bartonella species: a cross-sectional prevalence study of 219 asymptomatic dogs. | bartonella species are emerging infectious organisms transmitted by arthropods capable of causing long-lasting infection in mammalian hosts. among over 30 species described from four continents to date, 15 are known to infect humans, with eight of these capable of infecting dogs as well. b. bacilliformis is the only species described infecting humans in peru; however, several other bartonella species were detected in small mammals, bats, ticks, and fleas in that country. the objective of this st ... | 2013 | 24040427 |
| evasin-4, a tick-derived chemokine-binding protein with broad selectivity can be modified for use in preclinical disease models. | rhipicephalus sanguineus, the common brown dog tick, produces several chemokine-binding proteins which are secreted into the host in its saliva to modulate the host response during feeding. two of these demonstrate very restricted selectivity profiles. here, we describe the characterization of the third, which we named evasin-4. evasin-4 was difficult to produce recombinantly using its native signal peptide in hek cells, but expressed very well using the urokinase-type plasminogen activator sign ... | 2013 | 23910450 |
| efficacy of an imidacloprid/flumethrin collar against fleas, ticks and tick-borne pathogens in dogs. | tick-borne diseases comprise a group of maladies that are of substantial medical and veterinary significance. a range of tick-borne pathogens, including diverse species of bacteria and protozoa, can infect both dogs and humans. hence, the control of tick infestations is pivotal to decrease or prevent tick-borne pathogen transmission. therefore, different commercial products with insecticidal, repellent or both properties have been developed for use on dogs. recently, a collar containing a combin ... | 2013 | 23972013 |
| efficacy of a combination of 10% imidacloprid and 4.5% flumethrin (seresto®) in slow release collars to control ticks and fleas in highly infested dog communities. | dog communities living in kennels are at high risk of being infected by ticks and fleas. in spite of the indubitable efficacy of several topical ectoparasiticides registered for the control of ectoparasites in dogs, the short period of action and the price of these products limit their use in dog communities. this paper reports on the efficacy of imidacloprid/flumethrin slow release collars to cure dogs highly infested with ectoparasites and to prevent infestations for 8 months in a refuge with ... | 2013 | 23866926 |
| the activity of ccl18 is principally mediated through interaction with glycosaminoglycans. | the cc chemokine ligand 18 (ccl18) was first identified as a chemoattractant for naïve t cells. it has been reported to recruit t and b lymphocytes, and we show here, natural killer (nk) cells, but with low efficacy. investigation of its ability to elicit g-protein-coupled signaling showed that it does not involve extracellular signal-regulated kinase (erk) phosphorylation, and it is not able to induce receptor internalization, as assessed on ccr3. ccl18 has recently been reported to possess act ... | 2013 | 23874339 |
| preliminary assessment of microbiome changes following blood-feeding and survivorship in the amblyomma americanum nymph-to-adult transition using semiconductor sequencing. | the physiology of ticks supports a diverse community of non-pathogenic and pathogenic organisms. this study aims to initially characterize the microbial community present within colony-reared amblyomma americanum using pcr of the variable region 5 of the 16s rrna gene followed by semiconductor sequencing and classification of sequence data using the ribosomal database project and mg-rast analysis tools. comparison of amplicon library datasets revealed changes in the microbiomes in newly engorged ... | 2013 | 23826210 |
| seroprevalence and risk factors for rickettsia felis exposure in dogs from southeast queensland and the northern territory, australia. | the recent detection of rickettsia felis dna in dogs in australia suggests that dogs are potential mammalian reservoir hosts for this emerging rickettsia. to date, there is no published report addressing the seroprevalence of r. felis in dogs in australia. | 2013 | 23731951 |
| prevalence and diversity of bartonella species in commensal rodents and ectoparasites from nigeria, west africa. | bartonellae are fastidious bacteria causing persistent bacteremia in humans and a wide variety of animals. in recent years there is an increasing interest in mammalian bartonelloses in general and in rodent bartonelloses in particular. to date, no studies investigating the presence of bartonella spp. in rodents and ectoparasites from nigeria were carried out. | 2013 | 23738028 |
| redescription of cercopithifilaria bainae almeida & vicente, 1984 (spirurida, onchocercidae) from a dog in sardinia, italy. | three species of the genus cercopithifilaria have been morphologically and molecularly characterized in dog populations in southern europe: cercopithifilaria grassii (noè, 1907), cercopithifilaria sp. sensu otranto et al., 2011 (reported as cercopithifilaria sp. i), and cercopithifilaria sp. ii sensu otranto et al., 2012. the adults of cercopithifilaria sp. i have remained unknown until the present study. | 2013 | 23642161 |
| genetic analysis and epidemiology of crimean congo hemorrhagic fever viruses in baluchistan province of pakistan. | pakistan is considered as an endemic country for crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever with numerous outbreaks and sporadic cases reported during the past two decades. majority of cases are reported from baluchistan province with subsequent transmissions to non-endemic regions mainly through infected animals directly or via infested ticks. we hereby describe the molecular investigations of cchf cases reported during 2008 in quetta city of baluchistan province. | 2013 | 23641865 |
| molecular detection and characterization of tick-borne pathogens in dogs and ticks from nigeria. | only limited information is currently available on the prevalence of vector borne and zoonotic pathogens in dogs and ticks in nigeria. the aim of this study was to use molecular techniques to detect and characterize vector borne pathogens in dogs and ticks from nigeria. | 2013 | 23505591 |
| questionnaire-based survey on distribution and clinical incidence of canine babesiosis in france. | the causative agent of canine babesiosis is the protozoan babesia canis, transmitted by the tick dermacentor reticulatus within france. while the parasite can be found everywhere in france however cases of infection are associated with distinct geographical foci. the aim of the study was to evaluate the clinical occurrence of canine babesiosis diagnosed in veterinary clinics in order to propose an updated map of the disease distribution in france. | 2013 | 23448544 |
| babesia infection in naturally exposed pet dogs from a north-eastern state (assam) of india: detection by microscopy and polymerase chain reaction. | the objective of the study was to detect babesia infections in pet dogs of a north-eastern state of india. the diagnostic efficacy of babesia infection by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) technique has been compared with microscopy examination. for this, a total of 111 blood samples of pet dogs presented at clinical complex of the college of veterinary science, guwahati, assam with clinical signs suspected for babesia infection subjected to the study. a total of 44 (39.63 %) dogs were diagnosed a ... | 2013 | 25320489 |
| molecular detection of ehrlichia canis in dogs in malaysia. | an epidemiological study of ehrlichia canis infection in dogs in peninsular malaysia was carried out using molecular detection techniques. a total of 500 canine blood samples were collected from veterinary clinics and dog shelters. molecular screening by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was performed using genus-specific primers followed by pcr using e. canis species-specific primers. ten out of 500 dogs were positive for e. canis. a phylogenetic analysis of the e. canis malaysia strain showed th ... | 2013 | 23301114 |
| detection of rickettsia massiliae in rhipicephalus sanguineus from the eastern united states. | we report the first evidence of rickettsia massiliae in the brown dog tick, rhipicephalus sanguineus, from the east coast of the united states. as part of routine pathogen surveillance, dna samples from ixodid ticks were tested for spotted fever group rickettsiae by nested pcr. a r. massiliae-positive tick was collected off a beagle mix recently rescued from north carolina. infection was confirmed by partial sequence analysis of the htra, glta, ompb, ompa, and sca4 genes, which had 100% identity ... | 2012 | 23199270 |
| a six year (2006-2011) retrospective study of hemoprotozoan parasites affecting dogs in chennai, tamil nadu, india. | with the changing global scenario there is effect not only on the human survival but also on the prevalence of existing pathogens and appearance of new infectious agents among animal population. this paper emphasises the need for prevalence studies. a retrospective study for 6 years on prevalence of hemoprotozoans in dogs in chennai showed babesia gibsoni the predominant parasite of dogs. details are discussed in this paper. | 2012 | 24808651 |
| transcriptome walking: a laboratory-oriented gui-based approach to mrna identification from deep-sequenced data. | deep sequencing technology provides efficient and economical production of large numbers of randomly positioned, relatively short, estimates of base identities in dna molecules. application of this technology to mrna samples allows rapid examination of the molecular genetic environment in individual cells or tissues, the transcriptome. however, assembly of such short sequences into complete mrna creates a challenge that limits the usefulness of the technology, particularly when no, or limited, g ... | 2012 | 23217191 |
| genome sequence of rickettsia conorii subsp. israelensis, the agent of israeli spotted fever. | rickettsia conorii subsp. israelensis is the agent of israeli spotted fever. the present study reports the draft genome of rickettsia conorii subsp. israelensis strain istt cdc1, isolated from a rhipicephalus sanguineus tick collected in israel. | 0 | 22933760 |
| an assessment of whole blood and fractions by nested pcr as a dna source for diagnosing canine ehrlichiosis and anaplasmosis. | ehrlichiosis and anaplasmosis are tick-borne diseases. ehrlichia canis and anaplasma platys infect mainly white cells and platelets, respectively. the main dna source for pcr is peripheral blood, but the potential of blood cell fractions has not been extensively investigated. this study aims at assessment of whole blood (wb) and blood fractions potential in nested pcr (npcr) to diagnose canine ehrlichiosis and anaplasmosis. the 16s rrna gene was amplified in 71.4, 17.8, 31.57, and 30% of the wb, ... | 2012 | 22973174 |
| morphometric variations in gametocytes of hepatozoon canis from naturally infected dogs. | this study presents the morphometric characteristic of canine haemoprotozoan, hepatozoon canis, using software dp2-bsw (olympus). the gametocytes of h. canis found inside the neutrophils were characteristic in shape and size and varied from 9.50 to 11.80 μm × 5.10-6.00 μm. parasitaemia ranged from 1.00 to 39.00 %. few gametocytes without nuclei and of abnormal shapes were also observed. the results were compared with the measurements done by using ocular micrometer. | 2012 | 24431557 |
| a survey on ectoparasite infestations in companion dogs of ahvaz district, south-west of iran. | the objective was to determine the prevalence of ectoparasite infestations in referred companion dogs to veterinary hospital of shahid chamran university of ahvaz, from 2009 to 2010. | 2012 | 23293781 |
| genome sequence of rickettsia conorii subsp. indica, the agent of indian tick typhus. | rickettsia conorii subsp. indica is the agent of indian tick typhus. the present study reports the draft genome of rickettsia conorii subsp. indica strain ittr (atcc vr-597). | 0 | 22628514 |
| detection of leishmania infantum dna mainly in rhipicephalus sanguineus male ticks removed from dogs living in endemic areas of canine leishmaniosis. | sand flies are the only biologically adapted vectors of leishmania parasites, however, a possible role in the transmission of leishmania has been proposed for other hematophagous ectoparasites such as ticks. in order to evaluate natural infection by leishmania infantum in rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks, taking into account its close association with dogs, 128 adult r. sanguineus ticks removed from 41 dogs living in endemic areas of canine leishmaniosis were studied. | 2012 | 22613502 |
| multiple live subconjunctival dipetalonema: report of a case. | parasitic infestations of the eye have been reported since centuries, affecting various parts of the eye. some are subtle, coexisting with vision, while many others damage and destroy, in part or totally, the gift of sight. this report describes a patient with live subconjunctival dipetalonema infestation of the right eye, with 22 parasites removed live in one sitting from one eye. | 0 | 22569390 |
| efficacy of slow-release collar formulations of imidacloprid/flumethrin and deltamethrin and of spot-on formulations of fipronil/(s)-- methoprene, dinotefuran/pyriproxyfen/permethrin and (s) -methoprene/amitraz/fipronil against rhipicephalus sanguineus and ctenocephalides felis felis on dogs. | two studies evaluating the efficacy of an imidacloprid/flumethrin collar (seresto®, bayer animal health, ivp), a deltamethrin collar (scalibor®, msd, cp1), a fipronil/(s)-methoprene spot-on (frontline combo®, merial, cp2), a dinotefuran/pyriproxyfen/permethrin spot-on (vectra 3d®, ceva, cp3) and an amitraz/fipronil/(s)-methoprene spot-on (certifect®, merial, cp4/cp5) against repeated infestations with rhipicephalus sanguineus and ctenocephalides felis felis on dogs were conducted over periods of ... | 2012 | 22520338 |
| considerations for assessing maximum critical temperatures in small ectothermic animals: insights from leaf-cutting ants. | the thermal limits of individual animals were originally proposed as a link between animal physiology and thermal ecology. although this link is valid in theory, the evaluation of physiological tolerances involves some problems that are the focus of this study. one rationale was that heating rates shall influence upper critical limits, so that ecological thermal limits need to consider experimental heating rates. in addition, if thermal limits are not surpassed in experiments, subsequent tests o ... | 2012 | 22384147 |
| an occurrence of clinical eperythrozoonosis in a german shepherd dog and its therapeutic management. | eperythrozoon spp.-a rickettsial (mycoplasma) pathogen of the mammalian erythrocytic cell membrane, has been recognised to cause non specific, sporadic, febrile and haemolytic clinical disease in a variety of livestock, especially food animals. however, clinical eperythrozoonosis in companion animals seems not documented so far. an adult male german shepherd dog, aged 10.5 years and weighing 45 kg with clinical history of persistent mild fever in morning hours, depression and anorexia for the pa ... | 2012 | 24082524 |
| trends in clinical diagnoses of rocky mountain spotted fever among american indians, 2001-2008. | american indians are at greater risk for rocky mountain spotted fever (rmsf) than the general u.s. population. the epidemiology of rmsf among american indians was examined by using indian health service inpatient and outpatient records with an rmsf international classification of diseases, ninth revision, clinical modification diagnosis. for 2001-2008, 958 american indian patients with clinical diagnoses of rmsf were reported. the average annual rmsf incidence was 94.6 per 1,000,000 persons, wit ... | 0 | 22232466 |
| insights into shell deposition in the antarctic bivalve laternula elliptica: gene discovery in the mantle transcriptome using 454 pyrosequencing. | the antarctic clam, laternula elliptica, is an infaunal stenothermal bivalve mollusc with a circumpolar distribution. it plays a significant role in bentho-pelagic coupling and hence has been proposed as a sentinel species for climate change monitoring. previous studies have shown that this mollusc displays a high level of plasticity with regard to shell deposition and damage repair against a background of genetic homogeneity. the southern ocean has amongst the lowest present-day caco3 saturatio ... | 2010 | 20529341 |
| molecular detection of anaplasma platys in a naturally-infected cat in brazil. | following the accidental finding of inclusion bodies similar to anaplasma platys in a stained blood smear from a cat, dna analysis of the 16s rrna gene was performed and 100% identity was found with different strains of a. platys. these data confirm that cats are susceptible to parasitism by a. platys. | 2010 | 24031508 |
| associated factors to seroprevalence of ehrlichia spp. in dogs of quintana roo, mexico. | the objective of this study was to determine the seroprevalence to ehrlichia spp. in dogs from xcalak, quintana roo, mexico, and the associated factors. serum samples were obtained from 118 dogs and used in an indirect immunofluorescent assay test for the detection of antibodies against ehrlichia spp. a questionnaire was used to obtain information about possible variables associated with seroprevalence. these variables were analyzed through chi(2) test and logistic regression. dog seroprevalence ... | 2016 | 28096818 |
| exon-intron structure and sequence variation of the calreticulin gene among rhipicephalus sanguineus group ticks. | calreticulin proteins (crts) are important components of tick saliva, which is involved in the blood meal success, pathogen transmission and host allergic responses. the characterization of the genes encoding for salivary proteins, such as crts, is pivotal to understand the mechanisms of tick-host interaction during blood meal and to develop tick control strategies based on their inhibition. in hard ticks, crt genes were shown to have only one intron with conserved position among species. in thi ... | 2016 | 27955695 |
| a rare case of mediterranean spotted fever and encephalitis. | mediterranean spotted fever is a tick-borne zoonotic disease caused by rickettsia conorii. it is transmitted by the dog tick rhipicephalus sanguineus. it usually presents as a benign self-limited disease characterized by a skin rash, high fever, and, sometimes, a characteristic ulcer at the tick bite site called tache noir. the course of this disease is usually benign, although severe manifestations have been previously described, mainly in adults. neurological manifestations are very unusual. w ... | 2016 | 28053795 |
| a comparative laboratory trial evaluating the immediate efficacy of fluralaner, afoxolaner, sarolaner and imidacloprid + permethrin against adult rhipicephalus sanguineus (sensu lato) ticks attached to dogs. | acaricides are used to treat and prevent tick infestations, and a common clinical scenario is to administer an acaricide on observing an attached tick. consequently, immediate acaricidal efficacy (onset of activity and speed of kill) results are clinically valuable. this study evaluated the immediate efficacy of four commercially available acaricides against adult rhipicephalus sanguineus (sensu lato). | 2016 | 27912787 |
| the role of cc-chemokines in the regulation of angiogenesis. | angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels, is critical for survival and in the regenerative response to tissue injury or ischemia. however, in diseases such as cancer and atherosclerosis, inflammation can cause unregulated angiogenesis leading to excessive neovascularization, which exacerbates disease. current anti-angiogenic therapies cause complete inhibition of both inflammatory and ischemia driven angiogenesis causing a range of side effects in patients. specific inhibition of inflamm ... | 2016 | 27834814 |
| canine and ovine tick-borne pathogens in camels, nigeria. | in april 2008, whole blood samples were collected from 36 dromedary camels in sokoto, north-western nigeria. following pcr and reverse line blotting, twenty-two samples (61%) resulted positive for ehrlichia/anaplasma spp. and three (8%) for theileria/babesia spp., with three (8%) cases of co-infections being found. both sequence and blast analyses identified ehrlichia/anaplasma spp. and theileria/babesia spp. positive cases as anaplasma platys and theileria ovis, respectively. this is the first ... | 2016 | 27692338 |
| the intracellular bacterium anaplasma phagocytophilum selectively manipulates the levels of vertebrate host proteins in the tick vector ixodes scapularis. | the intracellular bacteria anaplasma phagocytophilum are emerging zoonotic pathogens affecting human and animal health, and a good model for the study of tick-host-pathogen interactions. this tick-borne pathogen is transmitted by ixodes scapularis in the united states where it causes human granulocytic anaplasmosis. tick midguts and salivary glands play a major role during tick feeding and development, and in pathogen acquisition, multiplication and transmission. vertebrate host proteins are fou ... | 2016 | 27561965 |
| canine babesiosis and tick activity monitored using companion animal electronic health records in the uk. | recent publications highlighting autochthonous babesia canis infection in dogs from essex that have not travelled outside the uk are a powerful reminder of the potential for pathogen emergence in new populations. here the authors use electronic health data collected from two diagnostic laboratories and a network of 392 veterinary premises to describe canine babesia cases and levels of babesia concern from january 2015 to march 2016, and the activity of ticks during december 2015-march 2016. in m ... | 2016 | 27484328 |
| artisanal extraction and traditional knowledge associated with medicinal use of crabwood oil (carapa guianensis aublet.) in a peri-urban várzea environment in the amazon estuary. | várzea forests of the amazon estuary contain species of importance to riverine communities. for example, the oil extracted from the seeds of crabwood trees is traditionally used to combat various illnesses and as such artisanal extraction processes have been maintained. the objectives of this study were to (1) describe the process involved in artisanal extraction of crabwood oil in the fazendinha protected area, in the state of amapá; (2) characterise the processes of knowledge transfer associat ... | 2016 | 27478479 |
| efficacy of fluralaner spot-on solution against induced infestations with rhipicephalus sanguineus on dogs. | the efficacy of fluralaner spot-on solution administered once topically against induced infestations with rhipicephalus sanguineus was evaluated in dogs over a 12-week post-treatment period. | 2016 | 27241176 |
| anthelmintic effect of bacillus thuringiensis strains against the gill fish trematode centrocestus formosanus. | parasitic agents, such as helminths, are the most important biotic factors affecting aquaculture, and the fluke centrocestus formosanus is considered to be highly pathogenic in various fish species. there have been efforts to control this parasite with chemical helminthicides, but these efforts have had unsuccessful results. we evaluated the anthelmintic effect of 37 strains of bacillus thuringiensis against c. formosanus metacercariae in vitro using two concentrations of total protein, and only ... | 2016 | 27294137 |
| efficacy and speed of kill of a topically applied formulation of dinotefuran-permethrin-pyriproxyfen against weekly tick infestations with rhipicephalus sanguineus (sensu lato) on dogs. | rhipicephalus sanguineus (sensu lato) is a vector of canine babesiosis, anaplasmosis and ehrlichiosis. in order to reduce the chance of transmission of these diseases, an ectoparasiticide should rapidly repel or kill new infestations with this tick. the primary objective of the present study was to evaluate the treatment and preventive acaricidal efficacy of vectra® 3d (54.45 mg/ml of dinotefuran, 396.88 mg/ml of permethrin and 4.84 mg/ml of pyriproxyfen) against r. sanguineus (s.l.) measured at ... | 2016 | 27183970 |
| molecular investigation of tick-borne pathogens in dogs from luanda, angola. | no molecular data have been available on tick-borne pathogens that infect dogs from angola. the occurrence of agents from the genera anaplasma, babesia, ehrlichia and hepatozoon was assessed in 103 domestic dogs from luanda, by means of the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and dna sequence analysis. | 2016 | 27160839 |
| canine vector-borne pathogens in semi-domesticated dogs residing in northern cambodia. | in southeast asia, the canine vector-borne pathogens babesia spp., ehrlichia canis, anaplasma platys, hepatozoon canis, haemotropic mycoplasmas and dirofilaria immitis cause significant morbidity and mortality in dogs. moreover, dogs have also been implicated as natural reservoirs for rickettsia felis, the agent of flea-borne spotted fever, increasingly implicated as a cause of undifferentiated fever in humans in southeast asia. the objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and div ... | 2016 | 27161452 |
| vertical transmission of anaplasma platys and leishmania infantum in dogs during the first half of gestation. | leishmania infantum is a canine zoonotic vector-borne protozoan pathogen transmitted by phlebotomine sand flies, whereas anaplasma platys is a bacterium most likely transmitted by ticks. while vertical transmission of l. infantum from pregnant bitches to their offspring has been documented, thus far no studies have explored the possibility of vertical transmission of a. platys in dogs. this study investigated the occurrence of vertical transmission of l. infantum and a. platys in sheltered dogs ... | 2016 | 27161003 |
| fatal monocytic ehrlichiosis in woman, mexico, 2013. | human monocytic ehrlichiosis is a febrile illness caused by ehrlichia chaffeensis, an intracellular bacterium transmitted by ticks. in mexico, a case of e. chaffeensis infection in an immunocompetent 31-year-old woman without recognized tick bite was fatal. this diagnosis should be considered for patients with fever, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and elevated liver enzyme levels. | 0 | 27088220 |
| efficacy of a novel topical combination of fipronil 9.8% and (s)-methoprene 8.8% against ticks and fleas in naturally infested dogs. | the efficacy of a novel topical combination of fipronil 9.8% (w/v) and (s)-methoprene 8.8% (w/v) (fiprofort® plus) was tested against ticks and fleas in naturally infested dogs. a total of fifty dogs were allocated in the study with ticks infestation (n = 35) and fleas infestation (n = 15). on day 0, thirty-five tick and fifteen flea infested dogs received the test formulation, a combination of fipronil 9.8% (w/v) and (s)-methoprene 8.8% (w/v) spot-on solution. ticks and flea counts were taken o ... | 2016 | 27190688 |
| rhipicephalus sanguineus (acari: ixodidae) biting a human being in portoalegre city, rio grande do sul, brazil. | we report the finding of a female brown dog tick, rhipicephalus sanguineus (acari: ixodidae) on the scalp of a male patient inporto alegre, rio grande do sul, brazil. human parasitism by this tick is rare and has seldomly been reported in the literature, despite its recognized importance since it can act as a vector of rickettsia rickettsii, the agent of spotted fever. | 2016 | 27074329 |
| deltamethrin-mediated toxicity and cytomorphological changes in the midgut and nervous system of the mayfly callibaetis radiatus. | immature instars of mayflies are important constituents of the food web in aquatic ecosystems (especially in neotropical regions) and they are among the most susceptible arthropods to pyrethroid insecticides. these insecticides have been recognized as important stressors of freshwater ecosystems, but their cellular effects in aquatic insects have been neglected. here, we assessed the susceptibility to deltamethrin (a typical type ii pyrethroid) as well as the deltamethrin-mediated cytomorphologi ... | 2016 | 27031238 |
| molecular detection of anaplasma platys infection in free-roaming dogs and ticks from kenya and ivory coast. | anaplasma platys is a bacterium parasitic in the canine platelets, representing the causative agent of canine cyclic thrombocytopenia, with a worldwide distribution, mainly in tropical countries. the agent has zoonotic potential, being reported in several human clinical cases. the suspected vector is the tick rhipicephalus sanguineus (sensu lato), widely distributed in animals and humans in the tropical regions of south america, africa, asia and australia, but also in southern europe. only few s ... | 2016 | 26984538 |
| comparative speed of kill of sarolaner (simparica) and afoxolaner (nexgard) against induced infestations of amblyomma americanum on dogs. | the lone star tick, amblyomma americanum, infests dogs and cats in north america and is the vector of the pathogens that cause monocytic and granulocytic ehrlichiosis in dogs and humans. a parasiticide's speed of kill is important to minimize the direct and deleterious effects of tick infestation and especially to reduce the risk of transmission of tick-borne pathogens. in this study, speed of kill of a novel orally administered isoxazoline parasiticide, sarolaner (simparica chewable tablets), a ... | 2016 | 26897175 |
| comparative speed of kill of sarolaner (simparica) and afoxolaner (nexgard) against induced infestations of rhipicephalus sanguineus s.l. on dogs. | the brown dog tick, rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato, commonly infests dogs globally, is the major vector of the pathogen that causes canine monocytic ehrlichiosis and also transmits babesia vogeli. a rapid speed of kill of a parasiticide is essential to reduce the direct deleterious effects of tick infestation and the risk of tick-borne pathogen transmission. the speed of kill of a novel orally administered isoxazoline parasiticide, sarolaner (simparica), against r. sanguineus sensu lato on ... | 2016 | 26896456 |
| refractory hypoglycaemia in a dog infected with trypanosoma congolense. | a 20 kg german shepherd dog was presented to a french veterinary teaching hospital for seizures and hyperthermia. the dog had returned 1 month previously from a six-month stay in senegal and sub-saharan africa. biochemistry and haematology showed severe hypoglycaemia (0.12 g/l), anaemia and thrombocytopenia. despite administration of large amounts of glucose (30 ml of 30% glucose iv and 10 ml of 70% sucrose by gavage tube hourly), 26 consecutive blood glucose measurements were below 0.25 g/l (ex ... | 2016 | 26795063 |
| retrospective analyses of dogs found serologically positive for ehrlichia canis in cebu, philippines from 2003 to 2014. | the study aimed to document the clinical and hematological observations of dogs found serologically positive for ehrlichia canis and to identify parameters or factors that are associated with the disease with focus on the anemic and thrombocytopenic state of the infected dogs. | 2016 | 27051183 |
| molecular assay on crimean congo hemorrhagic fever virus in ticks (ixodidae) collected from kermanshah province, western iran. | crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever (cchf) is a feverous and hemorrhagic disease endemic in some parts of iran and caused by an arbovirus related to bunyaviridae family and nairovirusgenus. the main virus reservoir in the nature is ticks, however small vertebrates and a wide range of domestic and wild animals are regarded as reservoir hosts. this study was conducted to determine the infection rate of cchf virus in hard ticks of sarpole-zahab county, kermanshah province, west of iran. | 2016 | 27308296 |
| ehrlichiosis in household dogs and parasitized ticks in kerman-iran: preliminary zoonotic risk assessment. | ehrlichiosis is an emerging tick-borne zoonotic disease caused by the family of anaplasmatacea. recently, outbreak of human monocytic ehrlichiosis was reported in northern part of iran. besides, serological evidence of canine monocytic ehrlichiosis caused by ehrlichia canis was reported from southeastern of iran but the epidemiology of this disease is almost undetermined in iran. the present study was designed to use pcr for detection of ehrlichia spp. in tick infested household dogs and determi ... | 2016 | 27308282 |
| first detection of ehrlichia canis in cerebrospinal fluid from a nonthrombocytopenic dog with meningoencephalitis by broad-range pcr. | | 2015 | 26610407 |
| a novel combination of fipronil and permethrin (frontline tri-act®/frontect®) reduces risk of transmission of babesia canis by dermacentor reticulatus and of ehrlichia canis by rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks to dogs. | the ability of frontline tri-act®/frontect®, a topical ectoparasiticide containing fipronil and permethrin for dogs, to prevent the transmission of babesia canis as well as ehrlichia canis was evaluated by infesting dogs with infected vector ticks. | 2015 | 26586365 |
| detection of tick-borne pathogens in the korean water deer (hydropotes inermis argyropus) from jeonbuk province, korea. | the objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of tick-borne pathogens in the korean water deer (hydropotes inermis argyropus). pathogens were identified using pcr which included anaplasma, ehrlichia, rickettsia, and theileria. rickettsia was not detected, whereas anaplasma, ehrlichia, and theileria infections were detected in 4, 2, and 8 animals, respectively. the most prevalent pathogen was theileria. of the 8 theileria-positive animals, 2 were mixed-infected with 3 pathogens (a ... | 2015 | 26537046 |
| successful isolation of leishmania infantum from rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato (acari: ixodidae) collected from naturally infected dogs. | the main transmission route of leishmania infantum is through the bites of sand flies. however, alternative mechanisms are being investigated, such as through the bites of ticks, which could have epidemiological relevance. the objective of this work was to verify the presence of leishmania spp. in rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato collected from naturally infected dogs in the federal district of brazil. | 2015 | 26452666 |
| development of a pan-babesia fret-qpcr and a survey of livestock from five caribbean islands. | babesia spp. are tick-borne protozoan hemoparasites and the second most common blood-borne parasites of mammals, in particular domestic animals. we used the clustal multiple alignment program and 18s rrna gene sequences of 22 babesia species from genbank to develop a pcr that could detect a wide variety of babesia spp. in a single reaction. the pan-babesia fret-qpcr we developed reliably detected b. gibsoni, b. canis, b. vogeli, b. microti, b. bovis, and b. divergens under controlled conditions ... | 2015 | 26423577 |
| comparative evaluation of the vector competence of four south american populations of the rhipicephalus sanguineus group for the bacterium ehrlichia canis, the agent of canine monocytic ehrlichiosis. | this study compared the vector competence of four populations of rhipicephalus sanguineus group ticks for the bacterium ehrlichia canis, the agent of canine monocytic ehrlichiosis (cme). ticks (larvae and nymphs) from the four populations-one from são paulo state, southeastern brazil (bsp), one from rio grande do sul state, southern brazil (brs), one from argentina (arg), and one from uruguay (uru)-were exposed to e. canis infection by feeding on dogs that were experimentally infected with e. ca ... | 2015 | 26414283 |
| molecular investigation of hemotropic mycoplasmas in human beings, dogs and horses in a rural settlement in southern brazil. | the aims of this study were to determine the prevalence of hemoplasmas in a rural brazilian settlement's population of human beings, their dogs and horses, highly exposed to tick bites; to identify the tick species parasitizing dogs and horses, and analyze factors associated with their infection. blood samples from 132 dogs, 16 horses and 100 humans were screened using a pan-hemoplasma sybr green real-time pcr assay followed by a species-specific taqman real-time pcr. a total of 59/132 (44.7%) d ... | 0 | 26422162 |
| morphology, epidemiology, and phylogeny of babesia: an overview. | babesiosis is a tick-borne hemoprotozoan disease of domestic and wild animals. the disease is caused by various species of babesia and some species of babesia have also zoonotic significance. the parasite in vertebrate hosts' remains in erythrocytes and the morphology of babesia spp. is not uniform in all vertebrate hosts. with the advancement of science, particularly the use of molecular techniques made it easy to study the evolution of parasites and thereby reclassifying babesia spp. as per th ... | 0 | 26629451 |
| characterisation of dermanyssus gallinae glutathione s-transferases and their potential as acaricide detoxification proteins. | glutathione s-transferases (gsts) facilitate detoxification of drugs by catalysing the conjugation of the reduced glutathione (gsh) to electrophilic xenobiotic substrates and therefore have a function in multi-drug resistance. as a result, knowledge of gsts can inform both drug resistance in, and novel interventions for, the control of endo- and ectoparasite species. acaricide resistance and the need for novel control methods are both pressing needs for dermanyssus gallinae, a highly economicall ... | 2015 | 26112960 |
| mediterranean spotted fever: case series of 24 years (1989-2012). | mediterranean spotted fever (msf) is the most prevalent zoonosis in portugal. to characterize it's evolution between 1989 and 2012, the authors reviewed the cases diagnosed at their unit during this period. | 2015 | 26090319 |
| hematobiochemical changes in ehrlichiosis in dogs of anand region, gujarat. | the present research work was undertaken to study the diagnostic importance of hematobiochemical changes in naturally occurring ehrlichiosis in dogs of anand region, gujarat irrespective of their age, breed, and sex. | 2015 | 27065635 |
| prevention of transmission of babesia canis by dermacentor reticulatus ticks to dogs treated orally with fluralaner chewable tablets (bravecto™). | the preventive effect of fluralaner chewable tablets (bravecto™) against transmission of babesia canis by dermacentor reticulatus ticks was evaluated. | 2015 | 26040319 |
| acute febrile illness is associated with rickettsia spp infection in dogs. | rickettsia conorii is transmitted by rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks and causes mediterranean spotted fever (msf) in humans. although dogs are considered the natural host of the vector, the clinical and epidemiological significance of r. conorii infection in dogs remains unclear. the aim of this prospective study was to investigate whether rickettsia infection causes febrile illness in dogs living in areas endemic for human msf. | 2015 | 25886403 |
| the role of cd8 t lymphocytes in rickettsial infections. | arthropod-borne obligately intracellular bacteria pose a difficult challenge to the immune system. the genera rickettsia, orientia, ehrlichia, and anaplasma evolved mechanisms of immune evasion, and each interacts differently with the immune system. the roles of cd8 t cells include protective immunity and immunopathology. in rickettsia infections, cd8 t cells are protective mediated in part by cytotoxicity toward infected cells. in contrast, tnf-α overproduction by cd8 t cells is pathogenic in l ... | 2015 | 25823954 |
| detection of dirofilaria immitis and other arthropod-borne filarioids by an hrm real-time qpcr, blood-concentrating techniques and a serological assay in dogs from costa rica. | canine filarioids are important nematodes transmitted to dogs by arthropods. diagnosis of canine filariosis is accomplished by the microscopic identification of microfilariae, serology or pcr for filarial-dna. the aim of this study was to evaluate a molecular assay for the detection of canine filariae in dog blood, to compare its performance to other diagnostic techniques, and to determine the relationship between microfilarial concentration and infection with other vector-borne pathogens. | 2015 | 25851920 |
| molecular detection of tick-borne rickettsial and protozoan pathogens in domestic dogs from turkey. | canine tick-borne parasites have emerged in recent years, showing a wider geographic distribution and increased global prevalence. in addition to their veterinary importance, domestic dogs play an important role in the transmission cycles of some agents by acting as reservoirs and sentinels. this study investigated babesia, theileria, anaplasma, and ehrlichia species in asymptomatic dogs in ten provinces of turkey. | 2015 | 25889911 |
| a tick vector transmission model of monocytotropic ehrlichiosis. | ehrlichioses are emerging, tick-borne diseases distributed worldwide. previously established animal models use needle inoculation as a mode of infection; however, there is limited representation of natural transmission in artificially inoculated models compared with transmission by the tick vector. the objective of this study was to develop a tick vector transmission animal model of ehrlichial infection using a human pathogen, ehrlichia muris-like agent (emla). | 2015 | 25737562 |
| risk factors for fatal outcome from rocky mountain spotted fever in a highly endemic area-arizona, 2002-2011. | rocky mountain spotted fever (rmsf) is a disease that now causes significant morbidity and mortality on several american indian reservations in arizona. although the disease is treatable, reported rmsf case fatality rates from this region are high (7%) compared to the rest of the nation (<1%), suggesting a need to identify clinical points for intervention. | 2015 | 25697742 |
| fluralaner activity against life stages of ticks using rhipicephalus sanguineus and ornithodoros moubata in in vitro contact and feeding assays. | fluralaner is a novel isoxazoline eliciting both acaricidal and insecticidal activity through potent blockage of gaba- and glutamate-gated chloride channels. the aim of the study was to investigate the susceptibility of juvenile stages of common tick species exposed to fluralaner through either contact (rhipicephalus sanguineus) or contact and feeding routes (ornithodoros moubata). | 2015 | 25888750 |
| one-month comparative efficacy of three topical ectoparasiticides against adult brown dog ticks (rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato) on mixed-bred dogs in controlled environment. | this study was designed to compare the therapeutic and residual efficacy for 1 month of three topical ectoparasiticides on mixed-bred dogs against the brown dog tick, rhipicephalus sanguineus. adult dogs (n = 32, 10.8-18.4 kg bw) were allocated to 4 groups (n = 8) and infested with 50 adult ticks on days -8, -2, 7, 14, 21, and 28. within each group, dogs were treated topically on day 0 with a control solution (cs), vectra 3d (dpp), frontline plus (fm), or k9 advantix (ip). ticks were enumerated ... | 2015 | 25656465 |
| rickettsial infection caused by accidental conjunctival inoculation. | the most common transmission route of tick-borne rickettsia is through tick bite; nevertheless, other transmission routes should also be considered. we report a case of rickettsial infection in a 15-year-old boy caused by accidental contamination of the conjunctiva through the infected fluid of a crushed engorged tick removed from a dog. right eye pain, conjunctival hyperaemia with mucopurulent exudate, chemosis and eyelid oedema were the first signs and symptoms. two days later, the boy develop ... | 2015 | 25568272 |
| five-month comparative efficacy evaluation of three ectoparasiticides against adult cat fleas (ctenocephalides felis), flea egg hatch and emergence, and adult brown dog ticks (rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato) on dogs housed outdoors. | this study was designed to compare the efficacy of three topical combinations on dogs in outdoor conditions against adult cat fleas (ctenocephalides felis), flea egg hatch and emergence, and against adult brown dog ticks (rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato). treatment was performed on day 0 with a placebo; dinotefuran, pyriproxifen and permethrin (dpp); fipronil and (s)-methoprene (fm) or imidacloprid and permethrin (ip). dogs (n = 32), housed outdoors for 7 months, were treated monthly for fou ... | 2014 | 25547077 |
| effects of sex and reproductive state on interactions between free-roaming domestic dogs. | free-roaming dogs (canis familiaris) are common worldwide, often maintaining diseases of domestic pets and wildlife. management of these dogs is difficult and often involves capture, treatment, neutering and release. information on the effects of sex and reproductive state on intraspecific contacts and disease transmission is currently lacking, but is vital to improving strategic management of their populations. we assessed the effects of sex and reproductive state on short-term activity pattern ... | 2014 | 25541983 |
| first report of rickettsia felis in china. | rickettsia felis is a recently described flea-borne spotted fever group rickettsia that is an emerging human pathogen. although there is information on the organism from around the world, there is no information on the organism in china. | 2014 | 25510419 |
| intraoperative bleeding in dogs from grenada seroreactive to anaplasma platys and ehrlichia canis. | frequent exposure of grenadian dogs to rhipicephalus sanguineus results in anaplasma platys, and ehrlichia canis seroreactivity. during elective surgeries, substantial intraoperative hemorrhage occurs in some seroreactive dogs. | 2014 | 25274547 |