| the use of rhodamin b for the identification of injected horseradish peroxidase in the brain. | horseradish peroxidase injected into the brain of the marmoset, callithrix jacchus, is demonstrated by fluorescence microscopy following histochemical reaction with homovanillic acid and rhodamin b. usefulness and efficiency of the method are discussed in comparison with other procedures for the demonstration of hrp. | 1978 | 103870 |
| identification of mhc i class genes in two platyrrhini species. | the major histocompatibility complex is a diverse gene family that plays a crucial role in the adaptive immune system. in humans, the mhc class i genes consist of the classical loci of hla-a, -b, and -c, and the nonclassical loci hla-e, -f, and -g. in platyrrhini species, few mhc class i genes have been described so far and were classified as mhc-e, mhc-f, and mhc-g, with mhc-g possibly representing a classical mhc class i locus while there were arguments about the existence of the mhc-b locus i ... | 2015 | 25573376 |
| studies on the developmental cycle of trichospirura leptostoma (nematoda: thelaziidae). experimental infection of the intermediate hosts blatella germanica and supella longipalpa and the definitive host callithrix jacchus and development in the intermediate hosts. | the cockroaches blatella germanica and supella longipalpa can act as intermediate hosts of trichospirura leptostoma as demonstrated by experimental infestation. the parasite developed from the embryonated egg into the infective larval stage (l3) in cockroaches within 5-6 weeks. after experimental infection of marmosets (callithrix jacchus), eggs were first found in faecal samples (prepatency) at 8-9 weeks post-infection. patency lasts about 2 years. despite the presence of living adult worms in ... | 1992 | 1438137 |
| xeno-free cryopreservation of bone marrow-derived multipotent stromal cells from callithrix jacchus. | in the previous decade, numerous biobanks were established and have created large markets for the storage of bioactive compounds, cells, and tissues for medical and diagnostic applications. for in vivo clinical and therapeutic purposes, it is critical to use well-defined and xeno-free components during cultivation, preservation, and transplantation of biological material. safe and efficacious storage of bioactive molecules, cells, and tissues, without the addition of undefined medium components, ... | 2016 | 27603179 |
| tissue-specific expression pattern and histological distribution of nlrp3 in chinese yellow chicken. | pathogen-associated molecular patterns (pamps) play important role in inflammation which means response of the host to stimuli. nod-like receptor protein 3 (nlrp3) inflammasome is involved in the onset and development of inflammation. nlrp3, as one of the most important inflammasome sensors, has significant effect on the regulation of inflammasome activation to avoid the consequences of over activation. up to date, there are no detailed tissue specific expression and distribution data about nlpr ... | 2015 | 26246158 |
| molecular characterization, polymorphism, and association of porcine gadd45g gene. | growth arrest and dna-damage-inducible gamma (gadd45g) is a reproduction related gene. in this study, the full-length cdna sequence of porcine gadd45g gene was cloned through rapid amplification of cdna ends (race) method. the porcine gadd45g gene encodes a protein of 159 amino acids that shares high homology with the gadd45g of nine species: chimpanzee (97%), sumatran orangutan (97%), white-tufted-ear marmoset (97%), northern white-cheeked gibbon (97%), cattle (97%), human (97%), rhesus monkey ... | 2015 | 25927170 |
| gross morphometry of the heart of the common marmoset. | the callithrix jacchus is a brazilian endemic species that has been widely used as an experimental model in biomedical research. anatomical data are necessary to support experimental studies with this species. eleven hearts of c. jacchus from the german primate centre (dpz) have been studied in order to characterize their gross morphometry and compare them with other animal models and human. biometric data were also obtained. the mean values for morphometry of the hearts did not show any signifi ... | 2014 | 24590521 |
| molecular cloning and expression of 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 gene in hu sheep. | 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (17β-hsd2) catalyzes the nadp+-dependent oxidation of the most potent estrogen 17β-estradiol into the weak estrogen estrone, and the conversion of testosterone to androstenedione. it has been reported that 17β-hsd2 was expressed in many tissues in human, rats, however, the full-length sequence of 17β-hsd2 gene and its expression in ewe were still unknown. in this study, we cloned the full-length cdna sequence and investigated mrna differential expression i ... | 2013 | 23096084 |
| evolutionary genetics and implications of small size and twinning in callitrichine primates. | new world monkeys (nwms) are characterized by an extensive size range, with clawed nwms (subfamily callitrichinae, or callitrichines) such as the common marmoset manifesting diminutive size and unique reproductive adaptations. perhaps the most notable of these adaptations is their propensity toward multiple gestations (i.e., dichorionic twins and trichorionic triplets). indeed, with the exception of goeldi's monkey (callimico), callitrichine singleton pregnancies rarely occur. multiple gestation ... | 2014 | 24379383 |
| susceptibility of peritoneal macrophage from different species of neotropical primates to ex vivo leishmania (l.) infantum chagasi-infection. | this study examined the susceptibility of peritoneal macrophage (pm) from the neotropical primates: callithrix jacchus, callithrix penicillata, saimiri sciureus, aotus azarae infulatus and callimico goeldii to ex vivo leishmania (l.) infantum chagasi-infection, the etiological agent of american visceral leishmaniasis (avl), as a screening assay for evaluating the potential of these non-human primates as experimental models for studying avl. the pm-susceptibility to infection was accessed by the ... | 2012 | 22499423 |
| maternal care and infant development in callimico goeldii and callithrix jacchus. | callimico goeldii gives birth to single offspring, whereas other callitrichids, including callithrix jacchus, twin. this study compares maternal effort and infant development in c. goeldii and c. jacchus; it is the first study to look at nursing frequency. infants were observed from birth for 7 weeks in two captive groups each of c. goeldii and c. jacchus. c. goeldii mothers physiologically invested the same or less than c. jacchus mothers. c. goeldii mothers gained the same amount of weight dur ... | 2010 | 20339900 |
| the callimico goeldii (primates, platyrrhini) genome: karyology and middle repetitive (line-1) dna sequences. | callimico goeldii (goeldi's marmoset) is a neotropical primate with 2n = 47,x1x2y in the male, and 2n = 48,x1x1x2x2 in the female, due to a y-autosome translocation. karyological comparisons of callimico, callithrix jacchus and cebus apella suggest that callimico is a member of the callitrichidae. isozyme data and restriction mapping of line-1 repetitive elements in these species and in a variety of other neotropical primates confirm these findings and supply strong evidence for including callim ... | 1989 | 2560695 |
| karyotypic comparison among cebuella pygmaea, callithrix jacchus and c. emiliae (callitrichidae, primates) and its taxonomic implications. | the karyotype of cebuella pygmaea (2n = 44) obtained by g-, c-banding, and nor-staining is described. this species presents a heteromorphic c band in the intersticial region of the short arm of chromosome 2. the data obtained were compared with those previously described for the karyotypes of callithrix jacchus and callithrix emiliae. the three species differ in the amount and distribution of non-centromeric constitutive heterochromatin. the importance of the variation in constitutive heterochro ... | 1992 | 1521801 |
| describing ovarian cycles, pregnancy characteristics, and the use of contraception in female white-faced marmosets, callithrix geoffroyi. | endocrine data and characteristics of nonconceptive ovarian cycling and pregnancy are limited within the genus callithrix to the common marmoset (c. jacchus) and wied's black tufted-ear marmoset (c. kuhlii). this article presents patterns of urinary pregnanediol-3-glucuronide (pdg) excretion, as determined by enzyme immunoassay, throughout the course of ovarian cycling and pregnancy in white-faced marmosets (c. geoffroyi). furthermore, characteristics of reproductive parameters including litter ... | 2012 | 22865351 |
| hand preference predicts reactions to novel foods and predators in marmosets (callithrix geoffroyi). | in chimpanzees (pan troglodytes) and common marmosets (callithrix jacchus), left-handed individuals are less likely than right-handed individuals to explore new objects and situations, suggesting a relationship between the hemispheric specialization of emotional states and motor function. to further explore this relationship and to test the hypothesis that fearfulness is related to hand preference, we assessed willingness to approach, sniff, and taste novel foods, and the duration of freeze reac ... | 2009 | 19236141 |
| efficacy of antibody-based therapies against middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) in common marmosets. | cases of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) continue to be identified and with a lack of effective clinical treatment and no preventative strategies, treatment using convalescent plasma or monoclonal antibodies (mabs) is a potential quick route to an intervention. passive immunotherapy via either convalescent plasma or mabs has proven to be effective for other infectious agents. following infection with mers-cov, common marmosets were treated with high titer hyperimmune plas ... | 2017 | 28389142 |
| transgenic monkey model of the polyglutamine diseases recapitulating progressive neurological symptoms. | age-associated neurodegenerative diseases, such as alzheimer's disease, parkinson's disease, and the polyglutamine (polyq) diseases, are becoming prevalent as a consequence of elongation of the human lifespan. although various rodent models have been developed to study and overcome these diseases, they have limitations in their translational research utility owing to differences from humans in brain structure and function and in drug metabolism. here, we generated a transgenic marmoset model of ... | 2017 | 28374014 |
| representation of glossy material surface in ventral superior temporal sulcal area of common marmosets. | the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) is one of the smallest species of primates, with high visual recognition abilities that allow them to judge the identity and quality of food and objects in their environment. to address the cortical processing of visual information related to material surface features in marmosets, we presented a set of stimuli that have identical three-dimensional shapes (bone, torus or amorphous) but different material appearances (ceramic, glass, fur, leather, metal, s ... | 2017 | 28367117 |
| convergent balancing selection on the mu-opioid receptor in primates. | the mu opioid receptor is involved in many natural processes including stress response, pleasure, and pain. mutations in the gene also have been associated with opiate and alcohol addictions as well as with responsivity to medication targeting these disorders. two common and mutually exclusive polymorphisms have been identified in humans, a118g (n40d), found commonly in non-african populations, and c17t (v6a), found almost exclusively in african populations. while a118g has been studied extensiv ... | 2017 | 28333316 |
| neuronal degeneration in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus following lesions of primary visual cortex: comparison of young adult and geriatric marmoset monkeys. | neuronal loss in the lateral geniculate nucleus (lgn) is a consequence of lesions of the primary visual cortex (v1). despite the importance of this phenomenon in understanding the residual capacities of the primate visual system following v1 damage, few quantitative studies are available, and the effect of age at the time of lesion remains unknown. we compared the volume, neuronal number, and neuronal density in the lgn, 6-21 months after unilateral v1 lesions in marmoset monkeys. stereological ... | 2017 | 28331974 |
| hypoxemia after single-shot anesthesia in common marmosets. | it remains unknown how single-shot anesthesia influences physical parameters, especially respiratory function and blood oxygen level of common marmosets (callithrix jacchus) which came to be used for laboratory research. | 2017 | 28326553 |
| tranexamic acid and supportive measures to treat wasting marmoset syndrome. | wasting marmoset syndrome (wms) has high incidence and mortality rates and is one of the most important problems in captive common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) colonies. despite several reports on wms, little information is available regarding its reliable treatment. we previously reported that marmosets with wms had high serum levels of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (mmp9). mmp9 is thought to be a key enzyme in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease, the main disease state of wms, and is ... | 2016 | 28304250 |
| how important is the α1 adrenoceptor in primate and rodent proximal urethra? sex differences in the contribution of α1 adrenoceptor to urethral contractility. | urethral smooth muscle (usm) contributes to urinary continence by contracting during the urine storage phase, which is mainly mediated by activation of post-junctional α1-adrenoceptors. males and females show differences in the functioning of the lower urinary tract and the most common urinary tract symptoms (luts). luts in men typically occur in association with bladder outlet obstruction, whereas in women urinary urge-incontinence symptoms are more common. therefore, this study aimed to evalua ... | 2017 | 28298357 |
| retinal, npy- and 5ht- inputs to the aged suprachiasmatic nucleus in common marmosets (callithrix jacchus). | the circadian timing system (cts) anticipates optimal physiological patterns in response to environmental fluctuations, such as light-dark cycle. since age-related disruption of circadian synchronization is linked to several pathological conditions, we characterized alterations of neurochemical constituents and retinal projections to the major pacemaker of cts, the suprachiasmatic nucleus (scn), in adult and aged marmosets. we used intraocular injections of neural tracer cholera toxin b (ctb) to ... | 2017 | 28288865 |
| erratum to: characterization and pathogenesis of aerosolized eastern equine encephalitis in the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus). | | 2017 | 28283042 |
| whole-brain metallomic analysis of the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus). | despite the importance of transition metals for normal brain function, relatively little is known about the distribution of these elemental species across the different tissue compartments of the primate brain. in this study, we employed laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry on pfa-fixed brain sections obtained from two adult common marmosets. concurrent cytoarchitectonic, myeloarchitectonic, and chemoarchitectonic measurements allowed for identification of the major neocor ... | 2017 | 28246661 |
| comparative pathology of rhesus macaque and common marmoset animal models with middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus. | middle east respiratory syndrome (mers), which is caused by a newly discovered coronavirus (cov), has recently emerged. it causes severe viral pneumonia and is associated with a high fatality rate. however, the pathogenesis, comparative pathology and inflammatory cell response of rhesus macaques and common marmosets experimentally infected with mers-cov are unknown. we describe the histopathological, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural findings from rhesus macaque and common marmoset animal ... | 2017 | 28234937 |
| corrigendum: evidence of tau hyperphosphorylation and dystrophic microglia in the common marmoset. | [this corrects the article on p. 315 in vol. 8, pmid: 28066237.]. | 2017 | 28232798 |
| behavioral phenotypes associated with mptp induction of partial lesions in common marmosets (callithrix jacchus). | parkinson's disease is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder with the core motor features of resting tremor, bradykinesia, rigidity, and postural instability. non-motor symptoms also occur, and include cognitive dysfunction, mood disorders, anosmia (loss of smell), and rem sleep disturbances. as the development of medications and other therapies for treatment of non-motor symptoms is ongoing, it is essential to have animal models that aid in understanding the neural changes underlying non-motor p ... | 2017 | 28219749 |
| use of human methylation arrays for epigenome research in the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus). | we examined the usefulness of commercially available dna methylation arrays designed for the human genome (illumina humanmethylation450 and methylationepic) for high-throughput epigenome analysis of the common marmoset, a nonhuman primate suitable for research on neuropsychiatric disorders. from among the probes on the methylation arrays, we selected those available for the common marmoset. dna methylation data were obtained from genomic dna extracted from the frontal cortex and blood samples of ... | 2017 | 28215819 |
| assisted reproductive technologies in the common marmoset: an integral species for developing nonhuman primate models of human diseases†. | | 2017 | 28203717 |
| anatomical study of the brachial plexus in the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus). | to elucidate the forelimb phylogeny of primates, anatomical analysis of the brachial plexus in platyrrhines is beneficial. in the present study, six brachial plexuses and the surrounding arteries of four common marmosets were dissected. in five specimens, the brachial plexus consisted of five ventral rami from the fifth cervical nerve (c5) to the first thoracic nerve (t1). in one specimen, the ventral ramus of the fourth cervical nerve joined with the brachial plexus. in five specimens, the uppe ... | 2017 | 28187501 |
| propagation of pathological α-synuclein in marmoset brain. | α-synuclein is a defining, key component of lewy bodies and lewy neurites in parkinson's disease (pd) and dementia with lewy bodies (dlb), as well as glial cytoplasmic inclusions in multiple system atrophy (msa). the distribution and spreading of these pathologies are closely correlated with disease progression. recent studies have revealed that intracerebral injection of synthetic α-synuclein fibrils or pathological α-synuclein prepared from dlb or msa brains into wild-type or transgenic animal ... | 2017 | 28148299 |
| spontaneous mediastinal myeloid sarcoma in a common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) and review of the veterinary literature. | myeloid sarcoma is a rare manifestation of myeloproliferative disorder defined as an extramedullary mass composed of myeloid precursor cells. a 9-month old, female, common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) had increased respiratory effort. | 2017 | 28145579 |
| the effect of mirtazapine on dopaminergic psychosis and dyskinesia in the parkinsonian marmoset. | parkinson's disease (pd) psychosis is encountered in as many as 50% of patients with advanced disease. treatment options for pd psychosis are few. in fact, only clozapine and pimavanserin have shown efficacy in randomised controlled trials. clinicians are often reluctant to prescribe the former, due to the risk of agranulocytosis, while the latter is not widely available yet. because it is already clinically available and exhibits high affinity for serotonin 2a receptors, a target with which bot ... | 2017 | 28130646 |
| long-term-stability of relationship structure in family groups of common marmosets, and its link to proactive prosociality. | cooperatively breeding, group-living common marmosets show differentiated relationships, where more strongly bonded dyads within a group engage more in affiliative interactions than less strongly bonded ones. intriguingly, recent results suggest that strong bonds do not only occur between breeding partners but between individuals from any sex or status, and that strong-bond partners exhibit correlated oxytocin fluctuations (dyadic oxytocin synchrony, ots) over a period of six weeks. to date, it ... | 2017 | 28115225 |
| harmonic template neurons in primate auditory cortex underlying complex sound processing. | harmonicity is a fundamental element of music, speech, and animal vocalizations. how the auditory system extracts harmonic structures embedded in complex sounds and uses them to form a coherent unitary entity is not fully understood. despite the prevalence of sounds rich in harmonic structures in our everyday hearing environment, it has remained largely unknown what neural mechanisms are used by the primate auditory cortex to extract these biologically important acoustic structures. in this stud ... | 2017 | 28096341 |
| evidence of tau hyperphosphorylation and dystrophic microglia in the common marmoset. | common marmosets (callithrix jacchus) have recently gained popularity in biomedical research as models of aging research. basically, they confer advantages from other non-human primates due to their shorter lifespan with onset of appearance of aging at 8 years. old marmosets present some markers linked to neurodegeneration in the brain such as amyloid beta (aβ)1-42 and aβ1-40. however, there are no studies exploring other cellular markers associated with neurodegenerative diseases in this non-hu ... | 2016 | 28066237 |
| pain relief in nonhuman primate models of arthritis. | animal models of rheumatoid arthritis are important in the elucidation of etiopathogenic mechanisms of the disease and for the development of promising new therapies. species specificity of new biological compounds and their mode of action preclude safety and efficacy testing in rodent models of disease. nonhuman primates (nhp) can fill this niche and provide the only relevant model. over the last two decades models of collagen-induced arthritis (cia) were developed in the rhesus monkey and the ... | 2017 | 28063060 |
| transcriptional regulation of follicle-stimulating hormone β-subunit in marmoset by an alternate distal promoter. | follicle-stimulating hormone (fsh) is essential for mammalian folliculogenesis and spermatogenesis. common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) is a new world primate which exhibits an unusual fsh profile across the ovarian cycle with a mid-follicular fsh peak that is not observed in catarrhini primates like humans. since transcription of fsh β-subunit gene (fshβ) is a rate-limiting step in the production of mature fsh, this study aimed to investigate the regulation of marmoset fshβ gene expression in ... | 2017 | 28062307 |
| neurometabolic profiles of the substantia nigra and striatum of mptp-intoxicated common marmosets: an in vivo proton mrs study at 9.4 t. | given the strong coupling between the substantia nigra (sn) and striatum (str) in the early stage of parkinson's disease (pd), yet only a few studies reported to date that have simultaneously investigated the neurochemistry of these two brain regions in vivo, we performed longitudinal metabolic profiling in the sn and str of 1-methyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (mptp)-intoxicated common marmoset monkey models of pd (n = 10) by using proton mrs ((1) h-mrs) at 9.4 t. t2 relaxometry was also perform ... | 2017 | 28028868 |
| survey of retinal ganglion cell morphology in marmoset. | in primate retina, the midget, parasol, and small bistratified cell populations form the large majority of ganglion cells. in addition, there is a variety of low-density wide-field ganglion cell types that are less well characterized. here we studied retinal ganglion cells in the common marmoset, callithrix jacchus, using particle-mediated gene transfer. ganglion cells were transfected with an expression plasmid for the postsynaptic density 95-green fluorescent protein. the retinas were processe ... | 2016 | 27997691 |
| dynamic regulation of hypothalamic dmxl2, kiss1, and rfrp expression during postnatal development in non-human primates. | the neurobiological mechanism of puberty onset in primates is currently only partly understood. a recent study reported an important role of dmx-like 2 (dmxl2), a gene encoding rabconnectin-3α vesicular protein, in human subjects with mental retardation and neuroendocrine impairment of reproduction. to further characterize the potential role of dmxl2 in the regulation of reproduction, we analyzed the expression of dmxl2 in hypothalami of newborn, infantile, juvenile, pubertal, and postpubertal f ... | 2016 | 27957681 |
| cryobiological parameters of multipotent stromal cells obtained from different sources. | stem cells are important for regenerative medicine mainly due to their multilineage differentiation capacity. however, the cells rapidly loose this capability during culturing. cryopreservation preserves the differentiation potential of the cells, until they are needed. in this study, specific cell properties of multipotent stromal cells (mscs), from the common marmoset monkey callithrix jacchus mscs derived from amnion (am) and bone marrow (bm) were studied in order to predict optimal cooling r ... | 2017 | 27916562 |
| distinct neural activities in premotor cortex during natural vocal behaviors in a new world primate, the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus). | although evidence from human studies has long indicated the crucial role of the frontal cortex in speech production, it has remained uncertain whether the frontal cortex in nonhuman primates plays a similar role in vocal communication. previous studies of prefrontal and premotor cortices of macaque monkeys have found neural signals associated with cue- and reward-conditioned vocal production, but not with self-initiated or spontaneous vocalizations (coudé et al., 2011; hage and nieder, 2013), wh ... | 2016 | 27903726 |
| cloning and expression of a novel catechol-o-methyltransferase in common marmosets. | catechol-o-methyltransferase (comt) catalyzes the o-methylation of endogenous catechol amines and estrogens and exogenous catechol-type of drugs. a parkinson's disease model of common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) has been widely used in preclinical studies to evaluate inhibitory potential of new drug candidates on marmoset comt. despite comt inhibitors could potentiate the pharmacological action of levodopa on parkinson's disease in animal models, marmoset comt cdna has not yet been identified ... | 2017 | 27890888 |
| differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neutrophil granulocytes from common marmoset monkey (callithrix jacchus). | inherited and acquired marrow failure syndromes most commonly lead to defect in myeloid and/or neutrophil differentiation and/or function. besides this, neutropenia induced by cancer-adjusted chemotherapy is a frequent clinical problem. in both cases, cell replacement therapy is a well-established, but due to necessity of donors limited and perilous procedure. therefore, autologous cell replacement from patients' own marrow-derived cells lowers risk and bares new possibilities for therapy. since ... | 2017 | 27888517 |
| contextual effects of noise on vocalization encoding in primary auditory cortex. | robust auditory perception plays a pivotal function for processing behaviorally relevant sounds, particularly with distractions from the environment. the neuronal coding enabling this ability, however, is still not well understood. in this study, we recorded single-unit activity from the primary auditory cortex (a1) of awake marmoset monkeys (callithrix jacchus) while delivering conspecific vocalizations degraded by two different background noises: broadband white noise and vocalization babble. ... | 2017 | 27881720 |
| characterization of two distinct early post-entry blocks to hiv-1 in common marmoset lymphocytes. | in nature, primate lentiviruses infect humans and several old world monkeys and apes. however, to date, lentiviruses infecting new world monkeys have not been described. we studied the susceptibility of common marmoset cells to hiv-1 infection and observed the presence of post-entry blocks to the early phase of hiv-1 infection in peripheral blood lymphocytes (pbls) and a b lymphocytic cell line (b-lcl). the blocks present in these cells are dominant and phenotypically different from each other. ... | 2016 | 27876849 |
| strong induction of cytochrome p450 1a/3a, but not p450 2b, in cultured hepatocytes from common marmosets and cynomolgus monkeys by typical human p450 inducing agents. | common marmosets (callithrix jacchus) and cynomolgus monkeys (macaca fascicularis) are used as non-human primate models in preclinical studies for drug development. | 2016 | 27842484 |
| centromere repositioning explains fundamental number variability in the new world monkey genus saimiri. | cytogenetics has historically played a key role in research on squirrel monkey (genus saimiri) evolutionary biology. squirrel monkeys have a diploid number of 2n = 44, but vary in fundamental number (fn). apparently, differences in fn have phylogenetic implications and are correlated with geographic regions. a number of hypothetical mechanisms were proposed to explain difference in fn: translocations, heterochromatin, or, most commonly, pericentric inversions. recently, an additional mechanism, ... | 2016 | 27834006 |
| topical diclofenac-loaded liposomes ameliorate laser-induced choroidal neovascularization in mice and non-human primates. | this study aimed to evaluate the effect of liposomes loaded with diclofenac, a potent cyclooxygenase (cox)-1 and cox-2 inhibitor, on laser-induced choroidal neovascularization (cnv) in mice and non-human primates (common marmosets). cnv was induced by laser irradiation on the unilateral or bilateral eye of each mouse or common marmoset, respectively, under anesthesia. the cnv was visualized using fluorescence labeling with intravenous injection of fluoresceinconjugated dextran (molecular weight ... | 2017 | 27823554 |
| brain/minds: a japanese national brain project for marmoset neuroscience. | brain/minds (brain mapping by integrated neurotechnologies for disease studies) is a national brain project started by japan in 2014. with the goal of developing the common marmoset as a model animal for neuroscience, the project aims to build a multiscale marmoset brain map, develop new technologies for experimentalists, create transgenic lines for brain disease modeling, and integrate translational findings from the clinical biomarker landscape. brain/minds will collaborate with global brain p ... | 2016 | 27809998 |
| psychophysical measurement of marmoset acuity and myopia. | the common marmoset has attracted increasing interest as a model for visual neuroscience. a measurement of fundamental importance to ensure the validity of visual studies is spatial acuity. the marmoset has excellent acuity that has been reported at the fovea to be nearly half that of the human (ordy and samorajski []: vision res 8:1205-1225), a value that is consistent with them having similar photoreceptor densities combined with their smaller eye size (troilo et al. []: vision res 33:1301-131 ... | 2017 | 27804251 |
| in situ hybridization study of cyp2d mrna in the common marmoset brain. | the common marmoset is a non-human primate that has increasingly employed in the biomedical research including the fields of neuroscience and behavioral studies. cytochrome p450 (cyp) 2d has been speculated to be involved in psycho-neurologic actions in the human brain. in the present study, to clarify the role of cyp2d in the marmoset brain, we investigated the expression patterns of cyp2d mrna in the brain using in situ hybridization (ish). in addition, to identify the gene location of cyp2d19 ... | 2016 | 27356856 |
| acceleration of amyloidosis by inflammation in the amyloid-beta marmoset monkey model of alzheimer's disease. | the immune system is increasingly mentioned as a potential target for alzheimer's disease (ad) treatment. | 2017 | 27662314 |
| frequency discrimination in the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus). | the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) is a highly vocal new world primate species that has emerged in recent years as a promising model system for studies of auditory and vocal processing. our recent studies have examined perceptual mechanisms related to the pitch of harmonic complex tones in this species. however, no previous psychoacoustic work has measured marmosets' frequency discrimination abilities for pure tones across a broad frequency range. here we systematically examined frequency ... | 2016 | 27498400 |
| de novo methylation in male germ cells of the common marmoset monkey occurs during postnatal development and is maintained in vitro. | the timing of de novo dna methylation in male germ cells during human testicular development is yet unsolved. apart from that, the stability of established imprinting patterns in vitro is controversially discussed. this study aimed at determining the timing of dna de novo methylation and at assessing the stability of the methylation status in vitro. we employed the marmoset monkey (callithrix jacchus) as it is considered the best non-human primate model for human testicular development. we selec ... | 2016 | 27786608 |
| chronic multiscale imaging of neuronal activity in the awake common marmoset. | we report a methodology to chronically record in vivo brain activity in the awake common marmoset. over a month, stable imaging revealed macroscopic sensory maps in the somatosensory cortex and their underlying cellular activity with a high signal-to-noise ratio in the awake but not anesthetized state. this methodology is applicable to other brain regions, and will be useful for studying cortical activity and plasticity in marmosets during learning, development, and in neurological disorders. | 2016 | 27786241 |
| the marmoset as a model system for studying voluntary motor control. | the common marmoset has recently gained interest as an animal model for systems and behavioral neuroscience. this is due in part to the advent of transgenic marmosets, which affords the possibility of combining genetic manipulations with physiological recording and behavioral monitoring to study neural systems. in this review, they will argue that the marmoset provides a unique opportunity to study the neural basis of voluntary motor control from an integrative perspective. first, as an intermed ... | 2017 | 27739220 |
| the middle-aged ovariectomized marmoset (callithrix jacchus) as a model of menopausal symptoms: preliminary evidence. | menopausal women often suffer from hot flashes and sleep disturbances that significantly impact their quality of life. both human and animal studies suggest that loss of estrogens during menopause contribute to these symptoms. in the female rat, both core body temperature (cbt) and sleep are sensitive to 17β-estradiol (e2) levels, but important differences between the rat and the human patterns limit the interpretation of the results. the sleep and thermoregulation of the common marmoset (callit ... | 2016 | 27619737 |
| anatomical and functional neuroimaging in awake, behaving marmosets. | the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) is a small new world monkey that has gained significant recent interest in neuroscience research, not only because of its compatibility with gene editing techniques, but also due to its tremendous versatility as an experimental animal model. neuroimaging modalities, including anatomical (mri) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fmri), complemented by two-photon laser scanning microscopy and electrophysiology, have been at the forefront of unravelin ... | 2017 | 27706916 |
| investigation of sleep-wake rhythm in non-human primates without restraint during data collection. | to understand sleep mechanisms and develop treatments for sleep disorders, investigations using animal models are essential. the sleep architecture of rodents differs from that of diurnal mammals including humans and non-human primates. sleep studies have been conducted in non-human primates; however, these sleep assessments were performed on animals placed in a restraint chair connected via the umbilical area to the recording apparatus. to avoid restraints, cables, and other stressful apparatus ... | 2017 | 27760892 |
| magnetic resonance imaging of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in the common marmoset. | magnetic resonance imaging (mri) is an invaluable tool for the diagnosis and monitoring of patients with multiple sclerosis (ms) as well as for the study of the disease pathophysiology. because of its strong clinical, radiological and histopathological similarities with the human disease, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (eae) in the common marmoset has been studied more intensively over the past several years. here, we review the current knowledge on mri in the marmoset eae, and we out ... | 2017 | 27743612 |
| generation of transgenic marmosets expressing genetically encoded calcium indicators. | chronic monitoring of neuronal activity in the living brain with optical imaging techniques became feasible owing to the continued development of genetically encoded calcium indicators (gecis). here we report for the first time the successful generation of transgenic marmosets (callithrix jacchus), an important nonhuman primate model in neurophysiological research, which were engineered to express the green fluorescent protein (gfp)-based family of gecis, gcamp, under control of either the cmv o ... | 2016 | 27725685 |
| molecular cloning of ghrelin and characteristics of ghrelin-producing cells in the gastrointestinal tract of the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus). | ghrelin was first isolated from human and rat as an endogenous ligand for the growth hormone secretagogue receptor (ghs-r). in the present study, we determined the ghrelin cdna sequence of the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus), a small-bodied new world monkey, and investigated the distribution of ghrelin-producing cells in the gastrointestinal tract and localization profiles with somatostatin-producing cells. the marmoset ghrelin cdna coding region was 354 base pairs, and showed high homology ... | 2016 | 27715422 |
| the common marmoset: an overview of its natural history, ecology and behavior. | callithrix jacchus are small-bodied neotropical primates popularly known as common marmosets. they are endemic to northeast brazil and occur in contrasting environments such as the humid atlantic forest and the dry scrub forest of the caatinga. common marmosets live in social groups, usually containing only one breeding pair. these primates have a parental care system in which individuals help by providing assistance to the infants even when they are not related to them. free-ranging groups use ... | 2017 | 27706919 |
| the effect of anesthesia on blood pressure measured noninvasively by using the tail-cuff method in marmosets (callithrix jacchus). | in this study, we evaluated the validity of measuring blood pressure (bp) noninvasively in marmosets by using the tail-cuff method. the number of measurements needed for a valid reading was calculated by plotting the average sd of 5 consecutive readings in 10 naïve marmosets; the sd for both systolic and diastolic bp readings plateaued after 4 readings. to evaluate how anesthesia (alphaxalone, 15 mg/kg im) affected bp in marmosets, we measured 4 animals every minute for 60 min after injection. t ... | 2016 | 27657716 |
| marmoset serotonin 5-ht1a receptor mapping with a biased agonist pet probe 18f-f13714: comparison with an antagonist tracer 18f-mppf in awake and anesthetized states. | in vivo mapping by positron emission tomography of the serotonin 1a receptors has been hindered by the lack of suitable agonist positron emission tomography probes. (18)f-labeled f13714 is a recently developed biased agonist positron emission tomography probe that preferentially targets subpopulations of serotonin 1a receptors in their "active state," but its brain labeling pattern in nonhuman primate has not been described. in addition, a potential confound in the translatability of pet data be ... | 2016 | 27608810 |
| is angiostatin involved in physiological foveal avascularity? | the primate central retina is characterized by an avascular fovea and well-defined perifoveal capillary plexus. neither blood vessels nor their accompanying astrocytes enter the fovea during any stage of retinal development; a balance of angiogenic and angiostatic factors probably maintains foveal avascularity throughout life. the aim of this study was to identify potentially angiorepulsive factors involved in the development of the avascular primate retinal fovea. | 2016 | 27583825 |
| effects of support diameter and compliance on common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) gait kinematics. | locomotion is precarious in an arboreal habitat, where supports can vary in both diameter and level of compliance. several previous studies have evaluated the influence of substrate diameter on the locomotor performance of arboreal quadrupeds. the influence of substrate compliance, however, has been mostly unexamined. here, we used a multifactorial experimental design to investigate how perturbations in both diameter and compliance affect the gait kinematics of marmosets (callithrix jacchus; n=2 ... | 2016 | 27582562 |
| an observational investigation of behavioral contagion in common marmosets (callithrix jacchus): indications for contagious scent-marking. | behavioral contagion is suggested to promote group coordination that may facilitate activity transitions, increased vigilance, and state matching. apart from contagious yawning, however, very little attention has been given to this phenomenon, and studies on contagious yawning in primates have so far only focused on old world monkeys and apes. here we studied behavioral contagion in common marmosets, a species for which group coordination and vigilance are paramount. in particular, we investigat ... | 2016 | 27563294 |
| characterization of mammary epithelial stem/progenitor cells and their changes with aging in common marmosets. | age is the number one risk factor for breast cancer, yet the underlying mechanisms are unexplored. age-associated mammary stem cell (masc) dysfunction is thought to play an important role in breast cancer carcinogenesis. non-human primates with their close phylogenetic relationship to humans provide a powerful model system to study the effects of aging on human masc. in particular, the common marmoset monkey (callithrix jacchus) with a relatively short life span is an ideal model for aging resea ... | 2016 | 27558284 |
| application of pe-radseq to the study of genomic diversity and divergence of two brazilian marmoset species (callithrix jacchus and c. penicillata). | callithrix jacchus and c. penicillata are among the smallest anthropoid primates, are highly specialized tree gougers, and largely occupy brazil's most extreme, semi-arid biomes. however, the underlying genomic factors that underpin the evolution of these species and their unique traits are under-investigated. additionally, exotic populations of these two species are widely established throughout brazil and hybridize with threatened native congers. thus, both genomic and conservation factors cal ... | 2017 | 27521158 |
| polymorphism of the 3'-utr of the dopamine transporter gene (dat) in new world monkeys. | genetic polymorphism in the 3'-untranslated region (3'-utr) of the dopamine transporter (dat) gene has been reported in both human and nonhuman primates, and the variable number of tandem repeats (vntr) polymorphism has been related to several neurological and psychiatric disorders. as new world primates have been employed as models in biomedical research in these fields, in the present study we assessed genetic variation in the dat gene in 25 robust capuchin monkeys (sapajus spp.) and 39 common ... | 2017 | 27503104 |
| design and implementation of embedded 8-channel receive-only arrays for whole-brain mri and fmri of conscious awake marmosets. | the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) is a new world primate of increasing interest to neuroscience and in translational brain research. the present work describes the design and implementation of individualized 8-channel receive-only radiofrequency (rf) coil arrays that provide whole-brain coverage and allow anatomical and functional mri experiments in conscious, awake marmosets. | 2016 | 27501382 |
| the marmoset: an emerging model to unravel the evolution and development of the primate neocortex. | throughout evolution, the neocortex has undergone a dramatic expansion providing the substrate for increasingly complex cognitive abilities, culminating with humans. the enlargement of the neocortex did not affect its' basic organization, which is remarkably conserved from rodents to primates. the mouse has thus proven an advantageous model to decipher the molecular and cellular mechanisms supporting neocortical development. however, it is of limited benefit when studying the mechanisms leading ... | 2017 | 27479140 |
| gene conversion of the major histocompatibility complex class i caja-g in common marmosets (callithrix jacchus). | currently, the amount of sequenced and classified mhc class i genes of the common marmoset is limited, in spite of the wide use of this species as an animal model for biomedical research. in this study, 480 clones of mhc class i g locus (caja-g) cdna sequences were obtained from 21 common marmosets. up to 10 different alleles were detected in each common marmoset, leading to the assumption that the caja-g loci duplicated in the marmoset genome. in the investigated population, four alleles occurr ... | 2016 | 27450742 |
| pharmacokinetics of the mri contrast agent gadobutrol in common marmoset monkeys (callithrix jacchus). | this study determined the pharmacokinetics of the contrast agent gadobutrol in marmosets by quantitative mri to derive guidelines for neuroimaging protocols. | 2016 | 27417149 |
| lymphocryptovirus infection of nonhuman primate b cells converts destructive into productive processing of the pathogenic cd8 t cell epitope in myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein. | ebv is the major infectious environmental risk factor for multiple sclerosis (ms), but the underlying mechanisms remain obscure. patient studies do not allow manipulation in vivo. we used the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (eae) models in the common marmoset and rhesus monkey to model the association of ebv and ms. we report that b cells infected with ebv-related lymphocryptovirus (lcv) are requisite apcs for mhc-e-restricted autoaggressive effector memory ctls specific for the immuno ... | 2016 | 27412414 |
| frontoparietal functional connectivity in the common marmoset. | in contrast to the well established macaque monkey, little is known about functional connectivity patterns of common marmoset monkey (callithrix jacchus) that is poised to become the leading transgenic primate model. here, we used resting-state ultra-high-field fmri data collected from anesthetized marmosets and macaques along with awake human subjects, to examine and compare the brain's functional organization, with emphasis on the saccade system. exploratory independent component analysis reve ... | 2016 | 27405331 |
| distinct expression pattern of a deafness gene, kiaa1199, in a primate cochlea. | deafness is one of the most common types of congenital impairments, and at least half of the cases are caused by hereditary mutations. mutations of the gene kiaa1199 are associated with progressive hearing loss. its expression is abundant in human cochlea, but interestingly the spatial expression patterns are different between mouse and rat cochleae; the pattern in humans has not been fully investigated. we performed immunohistochemical analysis of a nonhuman primate, common marmoset (callithrix ... | 2016 | 27403418 |
| the transcriptomes of novel marmoset monkey embryonic stem cell lines reflect distinct genomic features. | embryonic stem cells (escs) are useful for the study of embryonic development. however, since research on naturally conceived human embryos is limited, non-human primate (nhp) embryos and nhp escs represent an excellent alternative to the corresponding human entities. though, esc lines derived from naturally conceived nhp embryos are still very rare. here, we report the generation and characterization of four novel esc lines derived from natural preimplantation embryos of the common marmoset mon ... | 2016 | 27385131 |
| avoiding hepatic metastasis naturally: lessons from the cotton top tamarin (saguinus oedipus). | much has been written about hepatic metastasis and animal models abound. in terms of the human experience, progress in treating this final common pathway, a terminal event of many human malignancies has been relatively slow. the current thinking is that primary prevention is best served by early detection of cancer and eradication of early stage cancers by screening. some cancers spread early in their course and the role of screening may be limited. until relatively recently there has not been a ... | 2016 | 27350726 |
| pharmaceutical inhibition of mtor in the common marmoset: effect of rapamycin on regulators of proteostasis in a non-human primate. | inhibition of mechanistic target of rapamycin (mtor) has emerged as a viable means to lengthen lifespan and healthspan in mice, although it is still unclear whether these benefits will extend to other mammalian species. we previously reported results from a pilot experiment wherein common marmosets (callithrix jacchus) were treated orally with rapamycin to reduce mtor signaling in vivo in line with previous reports in mice and humans. further, long-term treatment did not significantly alter body ... | 2016 | 27341957 |
| expression pattern of wolframin, the wfs1 (wolfram syndrome-1 gene) product, in common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) cochlea. | wolfram syndrome is an autosomal recessive disorder of the neuroendocrine system, known as didmoad (diabetes insipidus, diabetes mellitus, optic atrophy and deafness) syndrome, and considered an endoplasmic reticulum disease. patients show mutations in wfs1, which encodes the 890 amino acid protein wolframin. although wfs1 knockout mice develop diabetes, their hearing level is completely normal. in this study, we examined the expression of wolframin in the cochlea of a nonhuman primate common ma ... | 2016 | 27341211 |
| mri-guided stereotaxic brain surgery in the infant and adult common marmoset. | in the past decade, the new world common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) has taken a seminal position in neurobiological research, fueled in part by its smooth cortical sheet, which allows cortical areas to be easily accessed by current technologies on the dorsal surface of the brain. in this protocol, we describe a method for the precision placement of agents (e.g., tracers or neurotoxins) into small brain regions of the infant and adult marmoset, using an mri-guided approach. this strategy uses ... | 2016 | 27336707 |
| optogenetic manipulation of neural circuits in awake marmosets. | optogenetics has revolutionized the study of functional neuronal circuitry (boyden es, zhang f, bamberg e, nagel g, deisseroth k. nat neurosci 8: 1263-1268, 2005; deisseroth k. nat methods 8: 26-29, 2011). although these techniques have been most successfully implemented in rodent models, they have the potential to be similarly impactful in studies of nonhuman primate brains. common marmosets (callithrix jacchus) have recently emerged as a candidate primate model for gene editing, providing a po ... | 2016 | 27334951 |
| utility of non-human primates in drug development: comparison of non-human primate and human drug-metabolizing cytochrome p450 enzymes. | cynomolgus monkeys (macaca fascicularis, an old world monkey) have been widely used as a non-human primate model in preclinical studies because of their genetic and physiological similarity to humans. this trend has been followed by common marmoset (callithrix jacchus, a new world monkey). however, drug-metabolism properties in these non-human primates have not been fully understood due to limited information on cytochrome p450 (p450) enzymes, major drug-metabolizing enzymes in humans. multiple ... | 2016 | 27318253 |
| sharaku: an algorithm for aligning and clustering read mapping profiles of deep sequencing in non-coding rna processing. | deep sequencing of the transcripts of regulatory non-coding rna generates footprints of post-transcriptional processes. after obtaining sequence reads, the short reads are mapped to a reference genome, and specific mapping patterns can be detected called read mapping profiles, which are distinct from random non-functional degradation patterns. these patterns reflect the maturation processes that lead to the production of shorter rna sequences. recent next-generation sequencing studies have revea ... | 2016 | 27307639 |
| uterine rupture in a common marmoset (callithrix jacchus). | a 5-y-old multiparous female common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) presented with acute weight loss of approximately 25% over a 1-wk period. an abdominal mass was apparent on physical examination, and radiographs suggested peritoneal effusion. exploratory laparotomy revealed hemoperitoneum and an enlarged, gray, hemorrhaging uterus; ovariohysterectomy was performed, and the marmoset recovered. histologic evaluation of the ovaries and uterus revealed uterine rupture, with invasion of placental vil ... | 2016 | 27298252 |
| nuclear organization of the substantia nigra, ventral tegmental area and retrorubral field of the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus): a cytoarchitectonic and th-immunohistochemistry study. | it is widely known that the catecholamine group is formed by dopamine, noradrenaline and adrenaline. its synthesis is regulated by the enzyme called tyrosine hydroxylase. 3-hydroxytyramine/dopamine (da) is a precursor of noradrenaline and adrenaline synthesis and acts as a neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. the three main nuclei, being the retrorubral field (a8 group), the substantia nigra pars compacta (a9 group) and the ventral tegmental area (a10 group), are arranged in the die-m ... | 2016 | 27292410 |
| consistent inter-individual differences in common marmosets (callithrix jacchus) in boldness-shyness, stress-activity, and exploration-avoidance. | the study of animal personality, defined as consistent inter-individual differences in correlated behavioral traits stable throughout time and/or contexts, has recently become one of the fastest growing areas in animal biology, with study species ranging from insects to non-human primates. the latter have, however, only occasionally been tested with standardized experiments. instead their personality has usually been assessed using questionnaires. therefore, this study aimed to test 21 common ma ... | 2016 | 27286098 |
| comparison of marmoset and human fsh using synthetic peptides of the β-subunit l2 loop region and anti-peptide antibodies. | follicle stimulating hormone (fsh) is a glycoprotein hormone required for female and male gametogenesis in vertebrates. common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) is a new world primate monkey, used as animal model in biomedical research. observations like, requirement of extremely high dose of human fsh in marmosets for superovulation compared to other primates and generation of antibodies in marmoset against human fsh after repeated superovulation cycles, point towards the possibility that fsh-fsh r ... | 2016 | 27282136 |
| patterns on serpentine shapes elicit visual attention in marmosets (callithrix jacchus). | given the prevalence of threatening snakes in the evolutionary history, and modern-day environments of human and nonhuman primates, sensory, and perceptual abilities that allow for quick detection of, and appropriate response to snakes are likely to have evolved. many studies have demonstrated that primates recognize snakes faster than other stimuli, and it is suggested that the unique serpentine shape is responsible for its quick detection. however, there are many nonthreatening serpentine shap ... | 2016 | 27225979 |
| comprehensive panel of cross-reacting monoclonal antibodies for analysis of different immune cells and their distribution in the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus). | common marmosets are extensively used in immunological and pharmacological research, and the usage of methods such as flow cytometry gain increasing importance. | 2016 | 27221549 |
| initial investigation of three selective and potent small molecule oxytocin receptor pet ligands in new world monkeys. | the neuropeptide oxytocin is part of a neuroendocrine system that has physiological effects ranging from ensuring uterine myometrial contractions at parturition and post-partum mammary gland milk ejection to the modulation of neural control of social relationships. this initial study was performed to investigate the potential use of positron emission tomography (pet) for localizing oxytocin receptors in two new world primates. three biomarkers for pet (1-3) that are known to have high affinity a ... | 2016 | 27209233 |
| morphology and staining behavior of neutrophilic and eosinophilic granulocytes of the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus). | common marmosets (callithrix jacchus) are frequently used as translational animal models for human diseases. however, a comparative study of cytological and histochemical detection methods as well as morphometric and ultrastructural characterization of neutrophils and eosinophils in this species is lacking. blood samples of house dust mite sensitized and allergen challenged as well as lipopolysaccharide (lps) challenged marmosets were analyzed with different cytological and histological staining ... | 2016 | 27165445 |
| blood pressure as prognostic marker for body condition, cardiovascular, and metabolic diseases in the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus). | the increasing life span of callithrix jacchus in combination with the occurrence of metabolic and age-dependent diseases requires improved health surveillance for this species. | 2016 | 27144322 |
| advanced mri and staging of multiple sclerosis lesions. | over the past few decades, mri-based visualization of demyelinated cns lesions has become pivotal to the diagnosis and monitoring of multiple sclerosis (ms). in this review, we outline current efforts to correlate imaging findings with the pathology of lesion development in ms, and the pitfalls that are being encountered in this research. multimodal imaging at high and ultra-high magnetic field strengths is yielding biologically relevant insights into the pathophysiology of blood-brain barrier d ... | 2016 | 27125632 |