| exposure to waterborne copper reveals differences in oxidative stress response in three freshwater fish species. | among species, various strategies in metal handling can occur. moreover, the same metal concentration, or even the same metal dose, does not always seem to exert the same effect in different species. here, we have investigated differences in a copper induced oxidative stress response between rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), common carp (cyprinus carpio) and gibel carp (carassius auratus gibelio). fish were exposed to two sub-lethal cu concentrations, an identical concentration of 50μg/l for ... | 2011 | 21419094 |
| the interactive effects of hypoxemia, hyperoxia, and temperature on the gill morphology of goldfish (carassius auratus). | acclimation of crucian carp and goldfish to temperatures below 15°c causes covering of the gill lamellae by a mass of cells termed the interlamellar cell mass (ilcm). here we explore the cues underlying gill remodeling (removal or growth of an ilcm) and specifically test the hypotheses that 1) depletion of internal o(2) stores in the absence of any change in external o(2) status can trigger the removal of the ilcm in goldfish acclimated to 7°c, 2) exposing fish acclimated to 25°c to an abundance ... | 2011 | 21411769 |
| trout coelomic fluid suitability as goldfish oocyte extender can be determined by a simple turbidity test. | regeneration technologies such as androgenesis, intracytoplasmic sperm injection, and nuclear transfer require that handling conditions do not alter oocyte ability to sustain embryo development. one important parameter in the maintenance of oocyte quality in fish is the possibility to prevent oocytes activation during manipulation. in cyprinid, such activation is known to be delayed when salmonid coelomic fluid is used as incubation medium. coelomic fluid however is a biological fluid whose abil ... | 2011 | 21356550 |
| the role of hira and maternal histones in sperm nucleus decondensation in the gibel carp and color crucian carp. | the histone h3.3 chaperone hira is essential for chromatin assembly during male pronucleus formation in drosophila. however, the role of hira during fertilization in vertebrates remains unclear. the gibel carp (carassius auratus gibelio) is a unique gynogenetic crucian carp (gyno-carp). heterologous sperm nuclei cannot decondense when incorporated in the egg, thus the eggs produce a clonal lineage of all females by typical gynogenesis. in contrast, after entering the egg, homologous sperm can un ... | 2011 | 21337451 |
| gabaergic projections to the oculomotor nucleus in the goldfish (carassius auratus). | the mammalian oculomotor nucleus receives a strong γ-aminobutyric acid (gaba)ergic synaptic input, whereas such projections have rarely been reported in fish. in order to determine whether this synaptic organization is preserved across vertebrates, we investigated the gabaergic projections to the oculomotor nucleus in the goldfish by combining retrograde transport of biotin dextran amine, injected into the antidromically identified oculomotor nucleus, and gaba immunohistochemistry. the main sour ... | 2011 | 21331170 |
| structural and functional effects of acoustic exposure in goldfish: evidence for tonotopy in the teleost saccule. | mammalian and avian auditory hair cells display tonotopic mapping of frequency along the length of the cochlea and basilar papilla. it is not known whether the auditory hair cells of fishes possess a similar tonotopic organization in the saccule, which is thought to be the primary auditory receptor in teleosts. to investigate this question, we determined the location of hair cell damage in the saccules of goldfish (carassius auratus) following exposure to specific frequencies. subjects were divi ... | 2011 | 21324138 |
| mercury concentrations are low in commercial fish species of lake ziway, ethiopia, but stable isotope data indicated biomagnification. | stable isotope ratios of nitrogen (δ(15)n) and carbon (δ(13)c), complemented by stomach content data, were used to assess the food web structure and trophic transfer of mercury (hg) in four commercial fish species of lake ziway, ethiopia: nile tilapia (oreochromis niloticus), catfish (clarias gariepinus), tilapia zillii, and golden carp (carassius auratus). total mercury (thg in mg kg(-1), ww) concentrations were low, with mean values of 0.033, 0.034, 0.025, and 0.011, in c. gariepinus, t. zilli ... | 2011 | 21296421 |
| time-dependent effects of leptin on food intake and locomotor activity in goldfish. | the present study investigates the possible circadian dependence of leptin effects on food intake, locomotor activity, glycemia and plasma cortisol levels in goldfish (carassius auratus). fish were maintained under 12l:12d photoperiod and subjected to two different feeding schedules, one group fed during photophase (10:00) and the other one during scotophase (22:00). leptin or saline were intraperitoneally injected at two different times (10:00 or 22:00), coincident or not with the meal time. to ... | 2011 | 21291931 |
| coexistence of diploid, triploid and tetraploid crucian carp (carassius auratus) in natural waters. | crucian carp (abbreviated cc) belongs to the genus of carassius within the family of cyprinidae. it has been one of the most important freshwater species for chinese aquaculture and is especially abundant in the dongting water system of hunan province. cc used to be considered as all diploid forms. however, coexistence of diploid (abbreviated 2ncc), triploid (abbreviated 3ncc) and tetraploid crucian carp (abbreviated 4ncc) population of the dongting water system was first found by our recently r ... | 2011 | 21276259 |
| microcalorimetric studies of perchlorate on heat production by hepatocytes and mitochondria isolated from carassius auratus. | as a new threat to environment all through the world, perchlorate (clo(4)(-)) was predominantly a thyrotoxin, and its toxic manifestations in non-thyroid were also documented. however, little is known about the effects of clo(4)(-) on cell and organelle. therefore, the present study was designed to investigate the effects of clo(4)(-) on hepatocytes and mitochondria isolated from carassius auratus from the direct viewpoint of energy by using the microcalorimetric method. the metabolic thermogeni ... | 2011 | 21272916 |
| feeding time synchronizes clock gene rhythmic expression in brain and liver of goldfish (carassius auratus). | little is known about the feeding time dependence of clock gene expression in fish. the aim of the present study was to investigate whether a scheduled feeding time can entrain the rhythmic expression of several clock genes (period and cryptocrome) in the brain and liver of a teleost, the goldfish. fish maintained under continuous light (ll) conditions were divided into 3 groups. two groups were fed daily at 1000 h and 2200 h, respectively, and the third group was subjected to a random schedule ... | 2011 | 21252363 |
| molecular cloning of the genes encoding the pr55/bβ/δ regulatory subunits for pp-2a and analysis of their functions in regulating development of goldfish, carassius auratus. | the protein phosphatase-2a (pp-2a), one of the major phosphatases in eukaryotes, is a heterotrimer, consisting of a scaffold a subunit, a catalytic c subunit and a regulatory b subunit. previous studies have shown that besides regulating specific pp-2a activity, various b subunits encoded by more than 16 different genes, may have other functions. to explore the possible roles of the regulatory subunits of pp-2a in vertebrate development, we have cloned the pr55/b family regulatory subunits: β an ... | 2010 | 21245947 |
| assessing the estrogenic potency in a portuguese wastewater treatment plant using an integrated approach. | the estrogenic potency of a wastewater treatment plant (wwtp) was evaluated using chemical and biological analyses, which showed that after the station treatment processes some of the selected endocrine disruptor compounds (edcs) were still present in the treated effluent (e.g., bisphenol a, alkylphenols, estrone). thus, the most common endocrine edcs were identified and quantified and the overall estrogenicity of the treated effluent assessed by integrating the results. male goldfish (carassius ... | 2010 | 21235194 |
| thyrotropin releasing hormone (trh) in goldfish (carassius auratus): role in the regulation of feeding and locomotor behaviors and interactions with the orexin system and cocaine- and amphetamine regulated transcript (cart). | trh is a peptide produced by the hypothalamus which major function in mammals is the regulation of tsh secretion by the pituitary. in fish, trh does not appear to affect tsh secretion, suggesting that it might regulate other functions. in this study, we assessed the effects of central (intracerebroventricular, icv) injections of trh on feeding and locomotor behavior in goldfish. trh at 10 and 100 ng/g, but not 1 ng/g, significantly increased feeding and locomotor behaviors, as indicated by an in ... | 2011 | 21192941 |
| influence of distal and proximal cues in encoding geometric information. | vertebrates use geometric and featural information for spatial navigation. when both geometric and featural cues are available, animals can use a variety of spatial strategies based on this information. to examine the nature of these strategies, we manipulated the spatial relationship between a conspicuous cue and the position of the goal when goldfish (carassius auratus) were searching for the exit of a rectangular environment with one distinctive wall. two groups of fish were used, one with th ... | 2011 | 21184122 |
| [species composition and biodiversity of fish community in dalian lake, shanghai]. | a field fish survey of dalian lake, shanghai was undertaken in apr. 11-19, apr. 27-may 8 and may 20-29, in total 24,061 fish individuals were collected, representing 22 species from 17 genera and 11 families. the dominant specie is carassius auratus, accounting for 76.38% of the total. the eigenvalues of species diversity were showing below : shannon-wiener's index (h') being 1.0027, simpson's index (lambda) being 0.5959, pielous's index (j') being 0.3244, margalef's index (d) being 2.0816 and r ... | 2010 | 21174357 |
| attempt at cloning high-quality goldfish breed 'ranchu' by fin-cultured cell nuclear transplantation. | the viability of ornamental fish culture relies on the maintenance of high-quality breeds. to improve the profitability of culture operations we attempted to produce cloned fish from the somatic nucleus of the high-quality japanese goldfish (carassius auratus auratus) breed 'ranchu'. we transplanted the nucleus of a cultured fin-cell from an adult ranchu into the non-enucleated egg of the original goldfish breed 'wakin'. of the 2323 eggs we treated, 802 underwent cleavage, 321 reached the blastu ... | 2012 | 21106134 |
| not only students can express alcohol dehydrogenase: goldfish can too! | this article describes a novel approach to study the metabolic regulation of the respiratory system in vertebrates that suits physiology lessons for undergraduate students. it consists of an experimental demonstration of the goldfish's (carassius auratus) adaptations to anoxia. the goldfish is one of the few vertebrates showing strong enzymatic plasticity for the expression of alcohol dehydrogenase (adh), which allows it to survive long periods of severe anoxia. therefore, we propose two simple ... | 2010 | 21098391 |
| characterization of fish irf3 as an ifn-inducible protein reveals evolving regulation of ifn response in vertebrates. | in mammals, ifn regulatory factor (irf) 3 is a critical player in modulating transcription of type i ifn and ifn-stimulated genes (isgs). in this study, we describe the roles of crucian carp (carassius auratus l.) irf3 in activating fish ifn and isgs. fish irf3 exhibits a large sequence divergence from mammalian orthologs. whereas mammalian irf3 is constitutively expressed, fish irf3 protein is significantly upregulated by ifn, poly-ic, and other stimuli known as ifn inducers in mammals. the ifn ... | 2010 | 21084665 |
| neuromodulatory effect of gnrh on the synaptic transmission of the olfactory bulbar neural circuit in goldfish, carassius auratus. | gonadotropin-releasing hormone (gnrh) is well known as a hypophysiotropic hormone that is produced in the hypothalamus and facilitates the release of gonadotropins from the pituitary gonadotropes. on the other hand, the functions of extrahypothalamic gnrh systems still remain elusive. here we examined whether the activity of the olfactory bulbar neural circuits is modulated by gnrh that originates mainly from the terminal nerve (tn) gnrh system in goldfish (carassius auratus). as the morphologic ... | 2010 | 20962071 |
| impact of a secondary treated bleached kraft pulp mill effluent in both sexes of goldfish (carassius auratus l.). | the aim of the present study was to assess the toxic effects of a secondary treated effluent from a modern pulp mill processing eucalyptus globulus on both sexes of goldfish. the effects in the exposed fish were investigated by measuring biomarkers which have been used to assess the effects of bkme on aquatic biota, with particular emphasis in fish. however, few studies have been focused on effluents from pulp mill plants processing eucalyptus. the relative proportion of cytochrome p450 (cyp1a) ... | 2010 | 20954041 |
| the control of breathing in goldfish (carassius auratus) experiencing thermally induced gill remodelling. | at temperatures below 15°c the gill lamellae of goldfish (carassius auratus) are largely covered by an interlamellar cell mass (ilcm) which decreases the functional surface area of the gill. the presence of the ilcm in goldfish acclimated to cold water conceivably could lead to a covering of the neuroepithelial cells (necs), which are believed to be important for sensing ambient o₂ and co₂ levels. in this study we tested the hypothesis that goldfish with covered lamellae (and presumably fewer ne ... | 2010 | 20952614 |
| the consequences of reversible gill remodelling on ammonia excretion in goldfish (carassius auratus). | goldfish acclimated to cold water (e.g. 7°c) experience a marked reduction in functional lamellar surface area owing to the proliferation of an interlamellar cell mass (ilcm), a phenomenon termed gill remodelling. the goal of the present study was to assess the consequences of the reduced functional surface area on the capacity of goldfish to excrete ammonia. despite the expected impact of ambient temperature on functional surface area, fish acclimated to 7°c and 25°c exhibited similar rates of ... | 2010 | 20952613 |
| immunohistochemical and immunochemical characterization of the distribution of leptin-like proteins in the gastroenteric tract of two teleosts (dicentrarchus labrax and carassius auratus l.) with different feeding habits. | leptin is a modulator of food intake and energy homeostasis both in mammals and in some species of nonmammals vertebrates. in this study, we reported for the first time, using an immunohistochemical and immunochemical approach, the presence and distribution of immunoreactivity to leptin-like protein in the gastroenteric tract of dicentrarchus labrax (bass) and carassius auratus (goldfish), two teleostean species with different feeding and different adaptative morphological organization of the ga ... | 2011 | 20945462 |
| serotonin-induced contraction in isolated intestine from a teleost fish (carassius auratus): characterization and interactions with melatonin. | serotonin (5-ht) plays a critical role in several gastrointestinal functions in vertebrates. in teleosts lacking enterochromaffin cells, intestinal 5-ht originates from serotonergic enteric neurons. in the present study, the foregut of a stomachless teleost, the goldfish (carassius auratus), was used to evaluate the in vitro effect of 5-ht on fish intestinal motility. we also studied the role of melatonin (mel), an indoleamine sharing the biosynthetic pathway with 5-ht, as regulator of serotoner ... | 2010 | 20939846 |
| respiratory responses to hypoxia or hypercapnia in goldfish (carassius auratus) experiencing gill remodelling. | the presence of an interlamellar cell mass (ilcm) on the gills of goldfish significantly decreases the functional lamellar surface area and increases the diffusion distance for gas transfer and thus may impose a serious challenge for the transfer of respiratory gases (o₂ and co₂). here we tested the hypothesis that the presence of the ilcm in goldfish acclimated to 7°c impedes the uptake of o2 and excretion of co₂. while pa(o₂) remained unaltered, the baseline values of pa(co)₂ were significantl ... | 2011 | 20934539 |
| waterborne fluoxetine disrupts the reproductive axis in sexually mature male goldfish, carassius auratus. | fluoxetine (flx) is a pharmaceutical acting as a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor and is used to treat depression in humans. fluoxetine and the major active metabolite norfluoxetine (nflx) are released to aquatic systems via sewage-treatment effluents. they have been found to bioconcentrate in wild fish, raising concerns over potential endocrine disrupting effects. the objective of this study was to determine effects of waterborne flx, including environmental concentrations, on the reprodu ... | 2010 | 20864192 |
| bilateral intraocular malignant neuroectodermal tumors in a telescope goldfish (carassius auratus). | abstract a 5-year-old male telescope goldfish (carassius auratus) developed buphthalmia of the left eye. an enucleation was performed and a diagnosis of a neuroectodermal tumor was made on histological examination. although the fish initially recovered, it was killed 49 days postsurgery due to a severe decline in its condition. on histological evaluation of postmortem tissue samples, it was determined that the fish also had a neuroectodermal tumor of the right eye with local invasion of the brai ... | 2010 | 20840084 |
| perforin-dependent cytotoxic mechanism in killing by cd8 positive t cells in ginbuna crucian carp, carassius auratus langsdorfii. | t cell-mediated cytotoxicity occurs via pathways based on perforin or fas mechanisms. perforin is a protein present in the cytoplasmic granules of cd8(+) cytotoxic t lymphocytes and is secreted to form pores on target cell membranes. in fish, although the involvement of perforin in cytotoxicity have been suggested for several species, perforin-mediated cytotoxicity of cd8α(+) lymphocyte in conjunction with expression of the perforin gene has not been reported. in order to investigate the killing ... | 2011 | 20813128 |
| swimming in four goldfish carassius auratus morphotypes: understanding functional design and performance employing artificially selected forms. | four goldfish carassius auratus morphotypes of similar length (50 mm): common (streamlined, full complement of paired and median fins, bifurcated caudal fin), comet ('common like' but with a long, deeply forked caudal fin), fantail (short, deep body with twinned caudal and anal fins) and eggfish (similar to the fantail but lacking a dorsal fin) were compared. drag, steady swimming kinematics, energetics, fast-start performance, stability in yaw and roll and propulsive muscle ultrastructural char ... | 2009 | 20738559 |
| [genetic structure of silver crussian carp carassius (superspecies auratus) (linnaeus, 1758) colonies from the middle dnieper basin]. | population genetic structure of silver prussian carp from the middle dnieper basin was established by means of biochemical gene marking and cytometric analysis. in addition to diploid goldfish carassius auratus, which was the basic species of bisexual colonies, a number of biotypes of triploid silver prussian carp c. gibelio were identified. these biotypes either formed isolated unisexual populations, or were an admixture to the bisexual colonies. in addition, in bisexual colonies, triploid fema ... | 2010 | 20734774 |
| no evidence of uv cone input to mono- and biphasic horizontal cells in the goldfish retina. | many animal species make use of ultraviolet (uv) light in a number of behaviors, such as feeding and mating. the goldfish (carassius auratus) is among those with a uv photoreceptor and pronounced uv sensitivity. little is known, however, about the retinal processing of this input. we addressed this issue by recording intracellularly from second-order neurons in the adult goldfish retina. in order to test whether cone-driven horizontal cells (hcs) receive uv cone inputs, we performed chromatic ad ... | 2010 | 20734051 |
| spatial learning-induced egr-1 expression in telencephalon of gold fish carassius auratus. | the immediate-early gene (egr-1) expression was used to examine the neuron's response in telencephalon of goldfish during spatial learning in small space. fishes were pre-exposed in the experimental apparatus and trained to pick food from the tray in a rectangular-shaped arena. the apparatus was divided into identical compartments comprising three gates to provide different spatial tasks. after the fish learned to pass through the gate one, two more gates were introduced one by one. fish made mo ... | 2011 | 20714804 |
| speciation of polyploid cyprinidae fish of common carp, crucian carp, and silver crucian carp derived from duplicated hox genes. | recent studies on comparative genomics have suggested that a round of fish-specific whole genome duplication (3r) in ray-finned fishes might have occurred around 226-316 mya. additional genome duplication, specifically in cyprinids, may have occurred more recently after the divergence of the teleosts. the timing of this event, however, is unknown. to address this question, we sequenced four hox genes from taxa representing the polyploid cyprinidae fish, common carp (cyprinus carpio, 2n=100), cru ... | 2010 | 20700889 |
| waterborne fluoxetine disrupts feeding and energy metabolism in the goldfish carassius auratus. | fluoxetine (flx) is one of the most commonly detected pharmaceuticals in wastewater and bioaccumulates in wild-caught fish, especially in brain, liver and muscle tissues. previous studies indicated that flx is pharmacologically active in fish species exerting anorexigenic effects, but it is not clear whether waterborne flx has any potential effects on regulating food intake and energy metabolism. in this study, we investigated the effect of two doses of flx, an environmental concentration of 540 ... | 2010 | 20692053 |
| the anorexigenic effect of cholecystokinin octapeptide in a goldfish model is mediated by the vagal afferent and subsequently through the melanocortin- and corticotropin-releasing hormone-signaling pathways. | we have been extensively investigating the mechanisms by which neuropeptides regulate feeding behavior by using a goldfish (carassius auratus) model. in this species, the anorexigenic action of melanocortin peptide is centrally mediated via the corticotropin-releasing hormone (crh)/crh receptor neuronal system, whereas sulfated cholecystokinin octapeptide (cck-8s) is involved in the appetite regulation as a peripheral anorexigenic factor. the aim of the present study was to identify the mechanis ... | 2010 | 20688118 |
| [comparative characteristic of lactate dehydrogenase properties from the white muscles and liver of goldfish (carassius auratus l.)]. | lactate dehydrogenase (ldh) from the liver and white muscles of the gold fish carassius auratus was partially purified by differential precipitation with ammonium sulfate. the enzyme from the liver had relatively low vmax--1.85 +/- 0.31 u/mg protein, the muscle enzyme--3.74 +/- 0.27 u/mg protein. ldh from the liver was less sensitive to substrate inhibition (i50 - 9.92 +/- 1.09 mm) compared to white muscles isozyme (i50 - 5.87 +/- 1.39 mm). the studied isozymes had ph-dependencies with ph optima ... | 2015 | 20684242 |
| copper toxicity in gibel carp carassius auratus gibelio: importance of sodium and glycogen. | in general, copper is primarily an osmoregulatory toxicant to fish and cu toxicity is thought to be related to the rate of sodium loss. looking at a previous research it is striking that gibel carp, carassius auratus gibelio, do not seem so susceptible to the first ionoregulatory shock phase of cu exposure, but rather build up physiological disturbances slowly until mortality occurs. since it was noted that gibel carp experience severe hypoxia under cu exposure, we hypothesised that, besides the ... | 2010 | 20684062 |
| roles of nitric oxide, nitrite and myoglobin on myocardial efficiency in trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and goldfish (carassius auratus): implications for hypoxia tolerance. | the roles of nitric oxide synthase activity (nos), nitrite and myoglobin (mb) in the regulation of myocardial function during hypoxia were examined in trout and goldfish, a hypoxia-intolerant and hypoxia-tolerant species, respectively. we measured the effect of nos inhibition, adrenaline and nitrite on the o(2) consumption rate and isometric twitch force development in electrically paced ventricular preparations during hypoxia, and measured o(2) affinity and nitrite reductase activity of the pur ... | 2010 | 20675545 |
| melatonin-synthesizing enzymes in pineal, retina, liver, and gut of the goldfish (carassius): mrna expression pattern and regulation of daily rhythms by lighting conditions. | it has been suggested that melatonin is synthesized in nonphotosensitive organs of vertebrates in addition to the well-known sites of the pineal gland and retina. however, very few studies have demonstrated the gene expression of melatonin-synthesizing enzymes in extrapineal and extraretinal locations. this study focuses on the circadian expression of the two key enzymes of the melatoninergic pathway, arylalkylamine n-acetyltransferase (aanat) and hydroxyindole-o-methyltransferase (hiomt), in ce ... | 2010 | 20653449 |
| assessment of in vivo estrogenic response and the identification of environmental estrogens in the yangtze river (nanjing section). | environmental estrogens in the aquatic environment have been shown to be responsible for the feminization of fish. the estrogenic content of the yangtze river (nanjing section--referred to as the studied area herein) was assessed using a combination of bioassay and chemical analysis. the in vivo bioassay was conducted by exposing adult male goldfish (carassius auratus) to different concentrations of river water (25%, 50% and 100%) sampled from three representative sections of the studied area. c ... | 2010 | 20646735 |
| distant hybridization leads to different ploidy fishes. | distant hybridization makes it possible to transfer the genome of one species to another, which results in changes in phenotypes and genotypes of the progenies. this study shows that distant hybridization or the combination of this method with gynogenesis or androgenesis lead to different ploidy fishes with genetic variation, including fertile tetraploid hybrids, sterile triploid hybrids, fertile diploid hybrids, fertile diploid gynogenetic fish, and their derived progenies. the formations of th ... | 2010 | 20596907 |
| genetic basis and breeding application of clonal diversity and dual reproduction modes in polyploid carassius auratus gibelio. | a unisexual species is generally associated with polyploidy, and reproduced by a unisexual reproduction mode, such as gynogenesis, hybridogenesis or parthenogenesis. compared with other unisexual and polyploid species, gibel carp (carassius auratus gibelio) has a higher ploidy level of hexaploid. it has undergone several successive rounds of genome polyploidy, and experienced an additional, more recent genome duplication event. more significantly, the dual reproduction modes, including gynogenes ... | 2010 | 20596906 |
| two functional growth hormone secretagogue receptor (ghrelin receptor) type 1a and 2a in goldfish, carassius auratus. | here we report the identification and characterization of ghrelin (grln) receptors in goldfish carassius auratus. we identified four distinct mrnas generated from four different genes. those were roughly divided into two types, based on the number of amino acids and amino acid sequence similarity; one composed of 360-amino acids, which is similar to zebrafish ghs-r1a (showing 94-96% identity) and the other encodes a 366- or 367-amino acid protein, which demonstrated 95% identity to zebrafish ghs ... | 2010 | 20558240 |
| responses of ache and gst activities to insecticide coexposure in carassius auratus. | organophosphates and carbamates are widely used pesticides and play an important role in global agriculture. the misuse of these compounds has caused environmental problems and has had a negative impact on wildlife. in this study, the in vivo effects of commercial chlorpyrifos and isoprocarb on acetylcholinesterase (ache) and glutathione s-transferase (gst) activities in goldfish (carassius auratus) were investigated. muscle and brain ache activity was significantly inhibited by chlorpyrifos and ... | 2012 | 20549641 |
| cytotoxicity of chromium ions may be connected with induction of oxidative stress. | chromium ions are frequently found in aquatic ecosystems and are known to be inducers of oxidative stress in fish solid tissues. the present study was designed to determine whether fish blood samples can be used to allow nonlethal diagnostic testing for chromium intoxication. first, we confirmed that 96 h exposures to water containing 10.0 mg l(-1) chromium ions, either cr3+ or cr6+, induced oxidative stress in brain of goldfish (carassius auratus). multiple blood parameters were then evaluated. ... | 2010 | 20547405 |
| chirping response of weakly electric knife fish (apteronotus leptorhynchus) to low-frequency electric signals and to heterospecific electric fish. | brown ghost knife fish (apteronotus leptorhynchus) can briefly increase their electric organ discharge (eod) frequency to produce electrocommunication signals termed chirps. the chirp rate increases when fish are presented with conspecific fish or high-frequency (700-1100 hz) electric signals that mimic conspecific fish. we examined whether a. leptorhynchus also chirps in response to artificial low-frequency electric signals and to heterospecific electric fish whose eod contains low-frequency co ... | 2010 | 20543122 |
| effects of montmorillonite on alleviating dietary cd-induced oxidative damage in carp (carassius auratus). | the present study was designed to investigate the effects of montmorillonite (mmt) on dietary cd-induced oxidative damage in liver and kidney of carp (carassius auratus). one hundred eighty carp were randomly divided into four groups and fed with a basal diet, a basal diet supplemented with 0.5% mmt, cd-comtaminated basal diet (120 mg cd/kg dry weight) and cd-contaminated basal diet supplemented with 0.5% mmt, respectively. after 60 days, fish were sacrificed to measure malondialdehyde (mda) con ... | 2011 | 20532670 |
| optimization of somatic cell injection in the perspective of nuclear transfer in goldfish. | nuclear transfer has the potential to become one strategy for fish genetic resources management, by allowing fish reconstruction from cryopreserved somatic cells. survival rates after nuclear transfer are still low however. the part played by unsuitable handling conditions is often questioned, but the different steps in the procedure are difficult to address separately. in this work led on goldfish (carassius auratus), the step of somatic cells injection was explored. non-enucleated metaphase ii ... | 2010 | 20529309 |
| effect of intraperitoneal injection of curcumin on food intake in a goldfish model. | although spice compounds have several pharmacological and biochemical actions such as antioxidant activity, their physiological effects on neuropeptides related to feeding regulation are not well known. the aim of the present study was to identify the pharmacological activities of spice compounds on appetite regulation using a goldfish (carassius auratus) model with emphasis on the role of neuropeptides. the spice compounds used in this study were curcumin, piperine, and ursolic acid. goldfish w ... | 2011 | 20514526 |
| myxobolus turpisrotundus (myxosporea: bivalvulida) spores with caudal appendages: investigating the validity of the genus henneguya with morphological and molecular evidence. | spores of the myxozoan parasite myxobolus turpisrotundus zhang 2009 were observed for the first time bearing caudal appendages. most spores had the typical myxobolus spp. morphology, but approximately 10% of spores possessed a spore body that was slightly elongated with a short tail projecting from the spore valve. in other spores, the tail was much more clearly visible and elongate. the spore body of these unusual spores is consistent in morphology and dimension to the normal spores of m. turpi ... | 2010 | 20512504 |
| the first record of argulus foliacesus (crustacea: branchiura) infestation on lionhead goldfish (carassius auratus) in iran. | argulus foliaceus (crustacea: branchiura), or the fish louse, is an ectoparasite of the skin or gill of the fresh water fish species. clinical signs in infected fish include scratching on aquarium walls, erratic swimming, and poor growth. it causes pathological changes due to direct tissue damage and secondary infections. in the present study, lionhead goldfish (carassius auratus), taken from a goldfish aquarium with symptoms such as abnormal swimming, poor growth and death, were examined for ec ... | 2010 | 22347247 |
| comparison of macrophage antimicrobial responses induced by type ii interferons of the goldfish (carassius auratus l.). | unlike mammals, bony fish have two type ii interferons, ifngamma and ifngammarel, whose pro-inflammatory functions have not been fully characterized. to elucidate the distinct roles of these type ii interferons of bony fish, we examined the effects of recombinant goldfish (rg) ifngamma and ifngammarel on the macrophage antimicrobial responses, immune gene expression, and their signaling pathways. our findings indicate that rgifngamma and rgifngammarel possess unique capacities to mediate each of ... | 2010 | 20507977 |
| a set of polymorphic trinucleotide and tetranucleotide microsatellite markers for silver crucian carp (carassius auratus gibelio) and cross-amplification in crucian carp. | silver crucian carp (carassius auratus gibelio bloch), as a gynogenetic fish, is a promising model for the study of the evolutionary genetics of vertebrates. we have developed 59 polymorphic trinucleotide and tetranucleotide markers for the silver crucian carp through the biotin capture method and radioactive-labeling hybridization. the number of alleles ranged from 2 to 12 in the population, and the average proportion of heterozygotes (including tri- and diallelic) at polymorphic loci was 76.8% ... | 2010 | 20503069 |
| hormonal and ion regulatory response in three freshwater fish species following waterborne copper exposure. | we evaluated effects of sublethal copper exposure in 3 different freshwater fish: rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), common carp (cyprinus carpio) and gibel carp (carassius auratus gibelio). in a first experiment we exposed these fishes to an equally toxic cu dose, a cu level 10 times lower than their 96 h lc50 value: 20, 65, and 150 microg/l cu. in a second series we exposed them to the same cu concentration (50 microg/l). na+/k+-atpase activity in gill tissue was disturbed differently in rai ... | 2010 | 20488257 |
| [influence of copper ions on hematological and cytogenetic parameters of fresh-water fishes carassius auratus gibelio]. | influence of copper ions on white blood cells parameters in carassius auratus gibelio was investigated. changes in cytogenetic parameters and instability in erythrocytes and epithelial cells of gills were estimated in reply to influence of copper solutions. the frequency of epithelial gill cells at a stage of apoptosis was investigated. the opportunity to use the hematological parameters and cytogenetic instability set for xenobiotics effects in fishes was shown. | 2013 | 20480813 |
| integrated biomarker response index for the assessment of environmental stress of the yangtze river (nanjing section). | in the present study, multibiomarker effects of the river water of three representative sections in nanjing section of the yangtze river were investigated in goldfish (carassius auratus). the organic toxicants were extracted from the water samples using solid phase extraction. acetylcholinesterase (ache), glutathione-s-transferase (gst), 7-ethoxyresorufin-o-deethylase (erod), glutathione peroxidase (gpx) and na+/k+-atpase activities were determined after exposure of the extracted components. the ... | 2010 | 20473565 |
| [genetic homeostasis and developmental stability in natural populations of two-gender (carassius auratus) and one-gender (c. gibelio) goldfishes]. | comparative analysis of one amphymictic diploid carassius auratus, three apomictic triploid c. gibelio and hybrid triploid carassius auratus-gibelio forms of gold fish was performed at the complex of characteristics of developmental stability: morphological variation, fluctuating asymmetry and phenodeviations. it was found that c. gibelio forms are characterized by lower levels both of morphological variation and fluctuating asymmetry and more rare cases of morphological abnormalities. a hybrid ... | 2010 | 20458966 |
| studies on the developmental potentiality of cultured cell nuclei of fish. | by means of the serial nuclear transplantation technique, the authors obtained a nuclear transplant fish from subcultured cell originated from the blastula cells of the crucian carp (carassius auratus linnaeus). this nuclear transplant fish survived for three years, but its sexual glands were undifferentiated. the authors have also obtained a sexually mature adult fish from short-term cultured kidney cell nucleus of an adult crucian carp. results of the experiment implied that the subcultured ce ... | 2010 | 20440385 |
| induction of virus-specific cell-mediated cytotoxic responses of isogeneic ginbuna crucian carp, after oral immunization with inactivated virus. | clonal ginbuna crucian carp (carassius auratus langsdorfii) were immunized orally with inactivated crucian carp hematopoietic necrosis virus (chnv) and the cytotoxic activities of peripheral blood leukocytes against chnv-infected syngeneic target cells were investigated. although a single oral administration of the vaccine did not prime measurable cytotoxic responses to chnv-infected targets, detectable lytic activities were observed after a booster oral administration. the vaccine-induced cytot ... | 2010 | 20438852 |
| reactions of goldfish (carassius auratus) to three suture patterns following full thickness skin incisions. | three different suture patterns (simple interrupted, interrupted horizontal mattress, subcuticular) were placed in a full thickness incision (skin and body wall) of 18 goldfish (carassius auratus). after 14 days all fish were euthanized using benzocaine solution. the tissue reactions were evaluated by gross visual inspection and histopathological examination. the superficial inflammatory reactions were graded on a scale from 0 (no inflammation) to 3 (severe inflammation). the inflammatory respon ... | 2010 | 20434740 |
| frequency tuning and intensity coding of sound in the auditory periphery of the lake sturgeon, acipenser fulvescens. | acipenser fulvescens, the lake sturgeon, belongs to one of the few extant non-teleost ray-finned (bony) fishes. the sturgeons (family acipenseridae) have a phylogenetic history that dates back about 250 million years. the study reported here is the first investigation of peripheral coding strategies for spectral analysis in the auditory system in a non-teleost bony fish. we used a shaker system to simulate the particle motion component of sound during electrophysiological recordings of isolated ... | 2010 | 20400642 |
| oxygen consumption and ammonia excretion of black carp (mylopharyngdon piceus richardson) and allogynogenetic crucian carp (carassius auratus gibelio female x cyprinus carpio male) fed different carbohydrate diets. | oxygen consumption and ammonia excretion of black carp (mylopharyngdon piceus richardson) (4.6±0.3 g) and allogynogenetic crucian carp (carassius auratus gibelio ♀×cyprinus carpio ♂) (5.7±0.5 g) were examined when fish fed two types of carbohydrate (dextrin and glucose) at two levels (20 and 40%) each. the diets were isonitrogenous (40% dry matter) and isocaloric at 18.5 kj g(−1) (dry matter) by adjusting the oil content to 10.1 and 1.5%, respectively. in black carp, the interactions between the ... | 2010 | 20390347 |
| [changes in protein composition in the goldfish tissues depending on season and temperature of keeping]. | data of sds-electrophoresis of tissues proteins of the goldfish carassius auratus netted in winter and summer and kept at different temperatures (+5 degrees c and +20 degrees c) are presented. it has been ascertained that after keeping the "winter" fish at 5 degrees c for 2 weeks quantities of the protein 205 kd in the red muscles and heart and the protein 172 kd in the liver are significantly decreased. a slight decline in contents of the proteins 105 and 45 kd was observed in the white muscles ... | 2015 | 20387652 |
| effects of monocrotophos on the reproductive axis in the female goldfish (carassius auratus). | monocrotophos (mcp) is a highly toxic organophosphorus pesticide. to elucidate the influence of mcp on female fish reproduction, plasma 17beta-estradiol, testosterone and gonadotropin levels and aromatase and gonadotropin beta subunit gene expression levels were examined in female goldfish (carassius auratus) following a 21-day exposure to 0.01, 0.10 and 1.00 mg l-(1) 40% mcp-based pesticide in a semi-static exposure system. the results indicated that mcp induced increases in plasma 17beta-estra ... | 2010 | 20298809 |
| inhibition of goldfish mitochondrial metabolism by in vitro exposure to cd, cu and ni. | although impairment of aerobic capacities has been reported in metal-contaminated wild fish, little is known about the direct toxicity of the metals themselves at the low concentrations found in the field compared to indirect consequences mediated by metal effects on ecological variables such as prey type and abundance, predation and competition. this study examined the in vitro effects of cd, cu and ni on mitochondrial enzyme activity and maximal (state 3) mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate ... | 2010 | 20207426 |
| active biomonitoring of complex pollution in taihu lake with carassius auratus. | carassius auratus bred in clean water were selected to conduct active biomonitoring (abm) exposures in meiliang and gong bays in the northern polluted area of taihu lake. the biotransformation enzymes 7-ethoxyresorufin-o-deethylase (erod) and glutathione s-transferase (gst), antioxidant enzymes glutathione peroxidase (gp(x)), reduced glutathione (gsh) content and superoxide dismutase (sod) and lipoperoxidation (as tbars) in liver were determined as biomarkers during the field exposure period. at ... | 2010 | 20189215 |
| effects of monocrotophos on the reproductive axis in the male goldfish (carassius auratus): potential mechanisms underlying vitellogenin induction. | monocrotophos (mcp) is a highly toxic organophosphorus pesticide that has been banned in many countries. both vitellogenin mrna expression and secretion were significantly induced in male goldfish by exposure to an mcp-based pesticide, suggesting that mcp has significant estrogenic properties. to elucidate the mechanisms of action of mcp on vitellogenin induction, we used radioimmunoassay to examine the effect of mcp treatment on plasma 17beta-estradiol and testosterone levels in male goldfish ( ... | 2010 | 20149464 |
| the zalpha domain of pkz from carassius auratus can bind to d(gc)(n) in negative supercoils. | pkz was the most recently discovered member of eif2alpha kinase family in fish. capkz, the first identified fish pkz, possessed a conserved eif2alpha kinase catalytic domain in c-terminal and two z-dna binding domains (zalpha) in n-terminal. the zalpha of capkz closely resembled that of other z-dna binding proteins: adar1, dlm-1, and e3l. in order to understand more about the function of capkz, we expressed and purified three constructed peptides of capkz (p(zalpha)): p(zalpha1zalpha2), p(zalpha ... | 2010 | 20139004 |
| biogeography and evolution of the carassius auratus-complex in east asia. | carassius auratus is a primary freshwater fish with bisexual diploid and unisexual gynogenetic triploid lineages. it is distributed widely in eurasia and is especially common in east asia. although several genetic studies have been conducted on c. auratus, they have not provided clear phylogenetic and evolutionary descriptions of this fish, probably due to selection bias in sampling sites and the dna regions analysed. as the first step in clarifying the evolutionary entity of the world's carassi ... | 2010 | 20064277 |
| characterization of non-cytosolic hexokinase activity in white skeletal muscle from goldfish (carassius auratus l.) and the effect of cold acclimation. | hk (hexokinase) is an enzyme involved in the first step in the glucose metabolism pathway, converting glucose into g6p (glucose 6-phosphate). owing to the importance of skeletal muscle for fish swimming and acclimation processes, we used goldfish (carassius auratus l.) white muscle in order to investigate subcellular distribution and kinetics of hk. in this study, we report that hk activity is predominantly localized in the mitochondrial fraction [nc-hk (non-cytosolic hk)] in goldfish white musc ... | 2010 | 20055755 |
| oxidative stress and apoptosis of carassius auratus lymphocytes induced by nonplanar (pcb153) and coplanar (pcb169) polychlorinated biphenyl congeners in vitro. | among all the 209 kinds of polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs) congeners, nonplanar and coplanar pcb congeners have different levels of toxicity on mammal cells such as neuronal cells, but little is known about their toxicity on fish cells although pcb congeners usually have high bioaccumulation abilities in the detected fish bodies. this study showed that 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexacholorbiphenyl (pcb153, nonplanar congener) and 3,3',4,4',5,5'-hexacholorbiphenyl (pcb 169, coplanar congener) caused apoptos ... | 2009 | 19999978 |
| methyltestosterone-induced changes in electro-olfactogram responses and courtship behaviors of cyprinids. | in the tinfoil barb (barbonymus schwanenfeldii; family cyprinidae), we previously found that increased olfactory sensitivity to a female prostaglandin pheromone could induce sexual behavior display in juvenile fish treated with androgens. here, we determined if this phenomenon is widespread among cyprinid fishes by adding 17alpha-methyltestosterone (mt) to aquaria containing juveniles of 4 cyprinid species (tinfoil barbs; redtail sharkminnows, epalzeorhynchos bicolor; goldfish, carassius auratus ... | 2010 | 19965901 |
| freshwater fishes of gunung jerai, kedah darul aman: a preliminary study. | a total of 37 fish species from 14 families were observed during surveys conducted from january to march 2005 at 8 selected streams near the gunung jerai forest reserve. the list includes two species (rasbora trilineata and systomus partipentazona) that were visually identified at the lower part of the sungai teroi stream. single specimens of leiocassis micropogon, clarias macrocephalus and hampala macrolepidota were also obtained at certain sampling stations. devario regina and systomus binotat ... | 2009 | 24575179 |
| serotonergic synapses modulate generation of spikes from retinal ganglion cells of teleosts. | serotonin [5-hydroxytryptamine (5-ht)] is a common neurotransmitter/neuromodulator found widely in the nervous system. cellular morphology and retinal distribution of serotonergic amacrine cells in the channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus) retina are identified using monoclonal anti-5ht antibody. these cells receive ribbon synapses from off-center (hyperpolarizing) bipolar cells as well as conventional synapses with other non-serotonergic amacrine cells. output synapses from the serotonergic cel ... | 2009 | 19938208 |
| effect of acute copper sulfate exposure on olfactory responses to amino acids and pheromones in goldfish (carassius auratus). | exposure of olfactory epithelium to environmentally relevant concentrations of copper disrupts olfaction in fish. to examine the dynamics of recovery at both functional and morphological levels after acute copper exposure, unilateral exposure of goldfish olfactory epithelia to 100 microm cuso(4) (10 min) was followed by electro-olfactogram (eog) recording and scanning electron microscopy. sensitivity to amino acids (l-arginine and l-serine), generally considered food-related odorants, recovered ... | 2009 | 19924975 |
| utilization of tissue habitats by myxobolus wulii landsberg & lom, 1991 in different carp hosts and disease resistance in allogynogenetic gibel carp: redescription of m. wulii from china and japan. | myxobolus wulii (=myxosoma magna) was first described from the gills of goldfish, carassius auratus auratus, in china. subsequently, a myxosporean infecting the hepatopancreas of allogynogenetic gibel carp, c. auratus gibelio, was designated as a different species, myxobolus guanqiaoensis, although the morphological features were almost identical to those of m. wulii. in japan, an unidentified myxobolus sp. was found in the gills and hepatopancreas of goldfish. morphological and molecular analys ... | 2010 | 19912459 |
| cytosolic distribution of cd, cu and zn, and metallothionein levels in relation to physiological changes in gibel carp (carassius auratus gibelio) from metal-impacted habitats. | in the present study the impact of environmental metal contamination in gibel carp (carassius auratus gibelio) was investigated coupling disturbances in subcellular metal distribution to effect biomarkers. gibel carp were caught at six different sampling sites in flanders (belgium), characterized by different degrees in environmental metal contamination. tissue cd, cu and zn concentrations and total metallothioneon (mt) levels were determined in gills, liver and kidney. cytosolic metal distribut ... | 2010 | 19900706 |
| sublethal effects of pesticide mixtures on selected biomarkers of carassius auratus. | in the present study, the in vivo effects of commercial propoxur alone and in combination with isoprocarb and chlorpyrifos on acetylcholinesterase and glutathione s-transferases activities in goldfish (carassius auratus) were investigated. brain and muscle ache activity was significantly inhibited (88% and 85% at most, respectively) by propoxur after 5 d of exposure at concentrations between 141 and 2263μg/l, bell-shaped concentration-response curves were obtained. in most cases, time dependence ... | 2009 | 21784036 |
| characterization of a novel tc1-like transposon from bream (cyprinidae, megalobrama) and its genetic variation in the polyploidy progeny of bream-red crucian carp crosses. | crossing the cyprinids diploid blunt snout bream megalobrama amblycephala (bsb) and carassius auratus red var. (rcc) generated sterile triploid (3nrb) and fertile tetraploid (4nrb) hybrid offspring. utilizing inverted terminal repeats (itrs) of transposon tdr1 from danio rerio as pcr primer, the results showed that evident change in the number of tc1-like transposons in 4nrb relative to bsb occurred, whereas such change did not arise in 3nrb compared to bsb. no tc1-like transposon was found in r ... | 2009 | 19826746 |
| calcium oscillations in the olfactory nonsensory cells of the goldfish, carassius auratus. | the olfactory nonsensory cells contribute to the maintenance of normal functions of the olfactory epithelium (oe). specifically, the ciliated nonsensory cells of teleosts play important roles in the odorant detection by oe in aqueous environment. their cilia show strong beating activities and cause water flow at the oe surface, making the detection of odorants by oe more efficient. because intracellular ca2+ level has been reported to play an important role in ciliary beating, the ciliary beatin ... | 2009 | 19800938 |
| trichlorfon-induced apoptosis in hepatocyte primary cultures of carassius auratus gibelio. | trichlorfon, an organophosphorus pesticide, can disrupt metabolism, reproduction and immune functions of some aquatic animals. in the present study, the effect of trichlorfon on apoptosis and the underlying apoptotic mechanism were investigated in primary cultures of carassius auratus gibelio hepatocytes. analyses of cultures exposed to 0, 0.01, 0.1, and 1.0 mg l(-1) trichlorfon concentrations for 24h indicated that trichlorfon induced apoptosis and caused nuclear shrinkage, cell membrane ruptur ... | 2009 | 19775726 |
| molecular cloning and differential expression patterns of the regulatory subunit b' gene of pp2a in goldfish, carassius auratus. | it is well established that the protein serine/threonine phosphatase 2a (pp2a) plays very important roles in many different cellular processes, including cell proliferation and differentiation, gene expression, neurotransmission, apoptosis, and aging. pp2a consists of three heterogenic subunits: the scaffold subunit a, the catalytic subunit c, and the regulatory subunit b. while both the scaffold and the catalytic subunits contain only two forms, at least four families of the regulatory subunits ... | 2009 | 19727590 |
| question of reference frames: visual direction-selective neurons in the accessory optic system of goldfish. | we investigated if visual direction-selective neurons in the pretectal area (apt) of goldfish (carassius auratus auratus) preferred visual stimuli resulting from rotations around axes corresponding to the best responsive axes of the semicircular canals [optic flow that is consistent to a maximal activation of the horizontal canal pair (yaw), to a maximal activation of the right anterior/left posterior semicircular canal pair (ralp), and to a maximal activation of the left anterior/right posterio ... | 2009 | 19710380 |
| epr detection of hydroxyl radical generation and its interaction with antioxidant system in carassius auratus exposed to pentachlorophenol. | in the present study, direct evidence of hydroxyl radical production in livers of carassius auratus exposed to pentachlorophenol (pcp) was provided using electron paramagnetic resonance (epr) with spin-trapping. a dose-effect relationship was obtained between hydroxyl radical intensities and pcp exposure. it was observed that hydroxyl radical was significantly induced by 0.001 mg l(-1) (below the criteria for chinese fishery water quality) of pcp exposure. a strong positive correlation (r=0.9581 ... | 2009 | 19683864 |
| intraperitoneal injection of extracted microcystins results in hypovolemia and hypotension in crucian carp (carassius auratus). | circulatory responses of crucian carp injected intraperitoneally with extracted microcystins (mcs) were studied at sublethal and lethal doses (150 and 600 microg mc kg(-1) body mass, respectively). mean arterial blood pressure (map), heart rate, hematocrit (hct), red blood cell (rbc) counts, and circulating blood volume (bv) were assayed at 0, 1, 3, 12, 24, and 48 h post-toxin administration. map decreased significantly in a dose-dependent manner over time. within the 48-h test period, the letha ... | 2009 | 19673078 |
| morphological and molecular phylogenetic analysis of two saprolegnia sp. (oomycetes) isolated from silver crucian carp and zebra fish. | two saprolegnia isolates, jy isolated from silver crucian carp (carassius auratus gibelio bloch) and bmy isolated from zebra fish (brachydanio rerio hamilton) came from infections occurring concurrently in different locations in china. to confirm whether the two isolates were from the same saprolegnia clone, comparative studies have been carried out based on their morphological, physiological and molecular characteristics. observations showed that morphologically (both asexual and sexual organs) ... | 2009 | 19640399 |
| molecular characterization and functional commonality of nucleophosmin/nucleoplasmin in two cyprinid fish. | nucleophosmin/nucleoplasmin has been studied mostly in mammals and amphibians. to clarify the characteristics and function of nucleophosmin/nucleoplasmin in teleost fish, we cloned a full-length cdna sequence from two cyprinid fish, carassius auratus gibelio and carassius auratus. molecular characterization and multiple sequence alignments suggested that they are the homologs of nucleophosmin. rt-pcr and western blot detected a specific expression in gonads, and immunofluorescence localization r ... | 2009 | 19634010 |
| does speaker presentation affect auditory evoked potential thresholds in goldfish? | the auditory evoked potential (aep) recording technique has proved to be a very versatile and successful approach in studying auditory sensitivities in fishes. the aep protocol introduced by kenyon, ladich and yan in 1998 using an air speaker with the fish positioned at the water surface gave auditory thresholds in goldfish very close to behavioural values published before. this approach was subsequently modified by several laboratories, raising the question whether speaker choice (air vs. under ... | 2009 | 19602445 |
| molecular characterization of novel interferon gamma receptor 1 isoforms in zebrafish (danio rerio) and goldfish (carassius auratus l.). | interferon gamma (ifngamma) is a highly pleotropic pro-inflammatory and anti-viral cytokine that mediates its effects by binding to a receptor complex composed of interferon gamma receptors 1 and 2 (ifngr1 and ifngr2). using gene synteny analysis, we identified a distinct isoform of the zebrafish ifngr1. the two zebrafish ifngr1 called here ifngr1-1 and ifngr1-2 were used to identify the respective cdna sequences of the goldfish ifngr1-1 and ifngr1-2. analysis of protein sequences revealed that ... | 2009 | 19577303 |
| the behavioural, digestive and metabolic characteristics of fishes with different foraging strategies. | to test the hypothesis that digestion has a more notable physiological effect on ambush foragers than on active foragers, we investigated the behavioural, digestive and metabolic characteristics, as well as the postprandial locomotory capacity, of four species of juvenile fish distributed along the yangtze river, china, with distinct foraging strategies. the ambush foraging southern catfish (silurus meridionlis) had the fewest movements per minute (mpm), lowest per cent time spent moving (ptm), ... | 2009 | 19561220 |
| melatonin attenuates the acetylcholine-induced contraction in isolated intestine of a teleost fish. | the present study investigates the possible direct actions of melatonin (n-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) on intestinal motility in goldfish (carassius auratus) using an in vitro system of isolated intestine in an organ bath engaged to an isometric transducer. the longitudinal strips from goldfish intestine in the organ bath showed a resting spontaneous myogenic rhythmic activity which is not altered by melatonin. the addition of acetylcholine (1 nmol l(-1)-10 mmol l(-1)) to the organ bath induces ... | 2009 | 19543897 |
| molecular and functional characterization of kita and kitla of the goldfish (carassius auratus l.). | kit ligand and its type iii tyrosine kinase receptor kit promotes the survival, proliferation and differentiation of progenitor cells involved in mammalian myelopoiesis. in this study we report on the molecular and functional characterization of kit receptor a (kita) and kit ligand a (kitla) from the goldfish. both kita and kitla were ubiquitously expressed in goldfish tissues, with higher mrna levels observed in the kidney and spleen, the major hematopoietic organs of fish. furthermore, both ki ... | 2009 | 19527751 |
| evolutionary conservation of dazl genomic organization and its continuous and dynamic distribution throughout germline development in gynogenetic gibel carp. | to investigate germline development and germ cell specification, we identified a dazl homolog (cagdazl) from gynogenetic gibel carp (carassius auratus gibelio). its cdna sequence and bac clone sequence analyses revealed the genomic organization conservation and conserved synteny of the dazl family members and their neighborhood genes among vertebrates, especially in fish. moreover, a polyclonal antibody specific to cagdazl was produced and used to examine its expression and distribution througho ... | 2009 | 19504540 |
| the role of telencephalic no and cgmp in avoidance conditioning in goldfish (carassius auratus). | our previous study with n-methyl-d-aspartate (nmda) receptor antagonist d-ap5 suggested that nmda receptors were involved in learning but not memory consolidation of avoidance conditioning. the present study investigated whether nitric oxide (no) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cgmp) were involved in memory consolidation but not learning of avoidance conditioning in goldfish. experiments 1 to 3 investigated amnestic and performance effects of no inhibitor l-name and cgmp inhibitor ly-83583. ... | 2009 | 19485568 |
| glucose-6-phosphate isomerase is an endogenous inhibitor to myofibril-bound serine proteinase of crucian carp (carassius auratus). | glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (gpi) was purified to homogeneity from the skeletal muscle of crucian carp ( carassius auratus ) by ammonium sulfate fractionation, column chromatographies of q-sepharose, sp-sepharose, and superdex 200 with a yield of 8.0%, and purification folds of 468. the molecular mass of gpi was 120 kda as estimated by gel filtration, while on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page), two subunits (55 and 65 kda) were identified, suggesting that it ... | 2009 | 19472999 |
| physiological consequences of gill remodeling in goldfish (carassius auratus) during exposure to long-term hypoxia. | goldfish (carassius auratus) acclimated to 7 degrees c and exposed to hypoxia ( approximately 10 mmhg) for 7 days exhibited a pronounced remodeling of the gill consisting of the removal of an interlamellar cell mass (ilcm). subsequent experiments were designed to assess the impact of gill remodeling and the associated increase in functional lamellar surface area on the distribution of branchial ionocytes and cl(-) flux across the gill. despite the increased functional lamellar surface area durin ... | 2009 | 19458280 |
| nitric oxide-cgmp signaling regulates axonal elongation during optic nerve regeneration in the goldfish in vitro and in vivo. | nitric oxide (no) signaling results in both neurotoxic and neuroprotective effects in cns and pns neurons, respectively, after nerve lesioning. we investigated the role of no signaling on optic nerve regeneration in the goldfish (carassius auratus). nadph diaphorase staining revealed that nitric oxide synthase (nos) activity was up-regulated primarily in the retinal ganglion cells (rgcs) 5-40 days after axotomy. levels of neuronal nos (nnos) mrna and protein also increased in the rgcs alone duri ... | 2009 | 19457064 |
| interplay of the endocannabinoid system with neuropeptide y and corticotropin-releasing factor in the goldfish forebrain. | based on pharmacological, behavioral, and neuroanatomical studies, the endocannabinoid system appears to be pivotal in some neuroendocrine mechanisms, such as modulation of vertebrate reproduction, stress, and food intake. the present study aimed to investigate the involvement of the endocannabinoid system in the control of the feeding response in the goldfish. by means of immunohistochemistry techniques, using anti-cb1 cannabinoid receptor, anti-corticotropin-releasing factor (crf), and anti-ne ... | 2009 | 19456363 |
| low toxic herbicide roundup induces mild oxidative stress in goldfish tissues. | the formulation of roundup consists of the herbicide glyphosate as the active ingredient with polyethoxylene amine added as a surfactant. the acute toxicity of roundup (particularly of glyphosate) to animals is considered to be low according to the world health organization, but the extensive use of roundup may still cause environmental problems with negative impact on wildlife, particularly in an aquatic environment where chemicals may persist for a long time. therefore, we studied the effects ... | 2009 | 19450865 |