inhibitors of the hyaluronidases. | the inhibitors of hyaluronidase present in mammalian sera, first described half a century ago, have remained uncharacterized. because of increased interest in hyaluronidases and their hyaluronan substrate, a study of these inhibitors was undertaken recently. the predominant serum inhibitor is magnesium-dependent and is eliminated by protease or chondroitinase digestion, and by heat. kinetics of inhibition are similar against hyaluronidases from testis, snake and bee venom. the inhibitor has no e ... | 2002 | 11827790 |
antigenic cross-reactivity of nerve growth factors from diverse source: activity versus toxicity of ngf. | ngf used in these studies was from various sources: cobra venom (v-ngf), mouse submaxillary glands (m-ngf), honeybee venom (b-ngf), human serum (h-ngf), and cobra serum (cs-ngf). this investigation reports the antigenic cross-reactivity of ngfs from the above mentioned diverse sources. antigenic cross-reactivity of ngfs was determined by immunological test, using anti-ngfs against v-ngf, m-ngf, b-ngf, and h-ngf. results revealed that ngf was a conserved protein showing antigenic cross-reactivity ... | 2002 | 11829061 |
resolving the ddt target protein in insects as a subunit of the atp synthase. | 1,1-bis-(p-chlorophenyl)-2,2,2-trichloroethane (ddt) inhibited the atp hydrolytic activity of the atp synthase from a ddt-susceptible insect (apis mellifera) as well as a ddt-tolerant insect (spodoptera littoralis), and from rat liver and bovine heart in a parallel way to its insecticidal properties and selectivity of action. inhibition of the atpase activity of these preparations by ddt was parallel to the poisoning of the source organism with ddt. furthermore, both the inhibition and poisoning ... | 2002 | 11834125 |
effect of caffeic acid phenethyl ester on corneal neovascularization in rats. | purpose: caffeic acid phenethyl ester (cape), a biologically active component of propolis from honeybee hives, has potent antiinflammatory and antioxidant properties. we aimed to evaluate the ability of topically applied cape in comparison with known steroidal (dexamethasone sodium phosphate) and nonsteroidal (indomethacin) topical agents to reduce corneal neovascularization (cnv) induced by silver nitrate cauterization in rats. methods: following silver nitrate cauterization on both eyes, male ... | 2001 | 11852431 |
assessment of the floral origin of honey by sds-page immunoblot techniques. | we report on the development of a novel alternative method for the assessment of floral origin in honey samples based on the study of honey proteins using immunoblot assays. the main goal of our work was to evaluate the use of honey proteins as chemical markers of the floral origin of honey. considering that honeybee proteins should be common to all types of honey, we decided to verify the usefulness of pollen proteins as floral origin markers in honey. we used polyclonal anti-pollen antibodies ... | 2002 | 11879003 |
glycon specificity profiling of alpha-glucosidases using monodeoxy and mono-o-methyl derivatives of p-nitrophenyl alpha-d-glucopyranoside. | hydrolysis of probe substrates, eight possible monodeoxy and mono-o-methyl analogs of p-nitrophenyl alpha-d-glucopyranoside (pnp alpha-d-glc), modified at the c-2, c-3, c-4, and c-6 positions, was studied as part of investigations into the glycon specificities of seven alpha-glucosidases (ec 3.2.1.20) isolated from saccharomyces cerevisiae, bacillus stearothermophilus, honeybee (two enzymes), sugar beet, flint corn, and aspergillus niger. the glucosidases from sugar beet, flint corn, and a. nige ... | 2002 | 11909596 |
a common drug-responsive element mediates the upregulation of the candida albicans abc transporters cdr1 and cdr2, two genes involved in antifungal drug resistance. | upregulation of the atp-binding cassette (abc) transporter genes cdr1 and cdr2 (candida drug resistance 1 and 2) is a common mechanism observed in candida albicans clinical isolates developing resistance to the class of azole antifungals. in this work, the regulatory elements of both genes were delimited using a reporter system in an azole-susceptible strain exposed to oestradiol, which allows transient induction of these genes. we found two regulatory elements in the cdr1 promoter: one responsi ... | 2002 | 11918807 |
pollinating bees (hymenoptera: apiformes) of u.s. alfalfa compared for rates of pod and seed set. | alfalfa (=lucerne) flowers require visiting bees to trip the sexual column, thereby providing pollination and subsequent pod and seed set. previous studies have compared the pollination values of different bee species solely by the speed with which they handle flowers and the proportion of visited flowers tripped. in this greenhouse study, five species of bees, including the three commercially managed u.s alfalfa pollinators, are likewise compared for their floral tripping frequencies. these bee ... | 2002 | 11942760 |
partial cytochrome b sequences for six hymenoptera of the eastern united states. | mitochondrial dna (mtdna) haplotypes have been commonly used to determine honeybee subspecies relationships. to see if these markers would also be useful for comparisons of other hymenoptera, we collected workers of six local species: vespa crabro, the european hornet; bombus impatiens, a bumblebee; vespula germanica, the german yellow jacket; polistes fuscatus, a paper wasp; halictus ligatus, an alkali bee; and an unspecified megachile, a leafcutting bee. mtdna was isolated and digested with si ... | 2001 | 11948223 |
protective action of propolis on the rat colon carcinogenesis. | propolis is a honeybee product with several biological and therapeutical properties. its effect on the process of colon carcinogenesis and dna damage were evaluated in the male wistar rats using the aberrant crypt foci (acf) assay and the comet assay, respectively. for both tests, animals were treated with the colon carcinogen 1,2 dimethylhydrazine (dmh, 40 mg/kg, s.c.) for 2 weeks (two injections/week) in order to induce both dna damage and acf. the animals were divided into groups that receive ... | 2002 | 11948629 |
effects of compounds found in propolis on streptococcus mutans growth and on glucosyltransferase activity. | propolis, a resinous bee product, has been shown to inhibit the growth of oral microorganisms and the activity of bacterium-derived glucosyltransferases (gtfs). several compounds, mainly polyphenolics, have been identified in this natural product. the present study evaluated the effects of distinct chemical groups found in propolis on the activity of gtf enzymes in solution and on the surface of saliva-coated hydroxyapatite (sha) beads. thirty compounds, including flavonoids, cinnamic acid deriv ... | 2002 | 11959560 |
endogenous function and biological significance of aeroallergens: an update. | significant advances have been made in delineating the structure and function of the clinically important aeroallergens. most have now been characterized at the molecular level, and their endogenous function determined. in the period of review, however, several novel allergens have been identified. they include the house dust mite lipophorins and gelsolins, and the birch isoflavone reductase. in addition, the functions of previously described allergens have now been established or inferred on th ... | 2001 | 11964676 |
electron capture dissociation of polypeptides using a 3 tesla fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer. | electron capture dissociation (ecd) of polypeptides has been demonstrated using a commercially available 3 tesla fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (fticr) instrument. a conventional rhenium filament, designed for high-energy electron impact ionisation, was used to effect ecd of substance p, bee venom melittin and bovine insulin, oxidised b chain. a retarding field analysis of the effective electron kinetic energy distribution entering the icr cell suggests that one of the most important ... | 2002 | 11968125 |
a new assay for the detection of loxosceles species (brown recluse) spider venom. | dermal lesions from unrelated arthropod species and medical causes appear similar to loxosceles species (brown recluse spider) bites. this may result in delayed diagnosis and treatment. we developed a sensitive loxosceles species venom enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and characterized the specificity of the assay by evaluating antigenic cross-reactivity from a variety of north american arthropod venoms. | 2002 | 11973553 |
the role of cuticular compounds in the resistance of honey bees (apis mellifera) to tracheal mites (acarapis woodi). | this study examined the migration of tracheal mites (acarapis woodi) into honey bees (apis mellifera) from different colonies and the relative attraction of mites to hexane extracts from the external body surfaces of young bees. relative resistance of bees from different colonies initially was assessed with a field bioassay that involved tagging newly emerged bees, pooling them in heavily mite-infested colonies, retrieving them 7 days later, and examining them for tracheal mite prevalence and ab ... | 2001 | 11989483 |
rapid diagnosis of m. tuberculosis using a piezoelectric immunosensor. | a piezoelectric immunosensor was developed for detecting mycobacteria tuberculosis (m. tb). protein a was modified onto a silver-coated piezoelectric quartz-crystal sensor. antibodies could be bond onto the crystal surface in an ordered orientation through protein a. an impendence analyzer was employed to record the admittance-frequency curve. the experimental results showed a successful and less-rigid bonding of protein a and antibodies. compared with other traditional detection methods of tb, ... | 2002 | 11999511 |
ethanol extract of propolis inhibits nitric oxide synthase gene expression and enzyme activity. | propolis obtained from honeybee hives has been used in oriental folk medicine as an anti-inflammatory, anti-carcinogenic, or immunomodulatory agent. however, the molecular basis for anti-inflammatory properties of propolis has not yet been established. since nitric oxide (no) synthesized by inducible nitric oxide synthase (inos) has been known to be involved in inflammatory and autoimmune-mediated tissue destruction, modulation of no synthesis or action represents a new approach to the treatment ... | 2002 | 12007705 |
genetic evidence for coinfection of honey bees by acute bee paralysis and kashmir bee viruses. | nucleotide sequence analyses were used to identify acute bee paralysis virus (abpv) and kashmir bee virus (kbv) isolated from a single honey bee colony. most of the bees in this colony carried kbv. some individual bees also carried abpv, a coexistence not yet seen between these two viruses. implications of coinfection on viral efficacy are discussed, along with a restriction enzyme assay that can be used to discriminate between these two widespread viruses. | 2001 | 12009798 |
the complete genome sequence of perina nuda picorna-like virus, an insect-infecting rna virus with a genome organization similar to that of the mammalian picornaviruses. | perina nuda picorna-like virus (pnpv) is an insect-infecting rna virus with morphological and physicochemical characters similar to the picornaviridae. in this article, we determine the complete genome sequence and analyze the gene organization of pnpv. the genome of pnpv consists of 9476 nucleotides (nts) excluding the poly(a) tail and contains a single large open reading frame (orf) of 8958 nts (2986 codons) flanked by 473 and 45 nt noncoding regions on the 5' and 3' ends, respectively. northe ... | 2002 | 12009873 |
how shamanism and group selection may reveal the origins of schizophrenia. | schizophrenia, with its apparent genetic basis, persists despite demonstrating impaired fecundity. although this has been considered paradoxical, a similar paradigm is observed elsewhere in nature. honey bee colonies possess sterile task specialists whose presence can best be understood by the evolutionary principle of group selection. group selection may be pertinent to human history and consequently schizophrenia could represent an ancient form of behavioral specialization. shamanism and relig ... | 2002 | 12018978 |
melatonin and the cardiovascular system. | melatonin concentrations in serum, as well as urinary levels of its main metabolite, 6-sulphatoxymelatonin, decrease with age. in the course of aging, the frequency of heart diseases, both acute and chronic, systematically increases. the evidence from the last 10 years suggests that melatonin influences the cardiovascular system. the presence of vascular melatoninergic receptors/binding sites has been demonstrated; these receptors are functionally linked with vasoconstrictor or vasodilatory effe ... | 2002 | 12019357 |
comparison of release mechanisms for botanical oils to control varroa destructor (acari: varroidae) and acarapis woodi (acari: tarsonemidae) in colonies of honey bees (hymenoptera: apidae). | two major parasitic pests threaten honey bee populations, the external mite varroa destructor and the internal mite acarapis woodi (rennie). varroa are beginning to develop resistance to the main chemical defense fluvalinate, and alternative control methods are being pursued. previous studies have shown that botanical oils, especially thymol, can be effective. six release devices for either thymol or a blend of botanical oils known as magic 3 were tested in beehives. the release devices were as ... | 2002 | 12019993 |
developing and establishing bee species as crop pollinators: the example of osmia spp. (hymenoptera: megachilidae) and fruit trees. | the development of a bee species as a new crop pollinator starts with the identification of a pollination-limited crop production deficit and the selection of one or more candidate pollinator species. the process continues with a series of studies on the developmental biology, pollinating efficacy, nesting behaviour, preference for different nesting substrates, and population dynamics of the candidate pollinator. parallel studies investigate the biology of parasites, predators and pathogens. the ... | 2002 | 12020357 |
the water-soluble fraction of bee venom produces antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects on rheumatoid arthritis in rats. | we recently demonstrated that bee venom (bv) injection into the zusanli acupoint produced a significantly more potent anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effect than injection into a non-acupoint in a freund's adjuvant induced rheumatoid arthritis (ra) model. however, the precise bv constituents responsible for these antinociceptive and/or anti-inflammatory effects are not fully understood. in order to investigate the possible role of the soluble fraction of bv in producing the anti-arthritic ... | 2002 | 12031688 |
heritability of nociception. iii. genetic relationships among commonly used assays of nociception and hypersensitivity. | we and others have previously demonstrated that nociception in the mouse is heritable. a genetic correlation analysis of 12 common measures of nociception among a common set of inbred strains revealed three major clusters (or 'types') of nociception in this species. in the present study, we re-evaluated the major types of nociception and their interrelatedness using ten additional assays of nociception and hypersensitivity, including: three thermal assays (tail withdrawal from 47.5 degrees c wat ... | 2002 | 12031781 |
ability of honeybee, apis mellifera, to detect and discriminate odors of varieties of canola (brassica rapa and brassica napus) and snapdragon flowers (antirrhinum majus). | honeybees (apis mellifera) use odors to identify and discriminate among flowers during foraging. this series of experiments examined the ability of bees to detect and discriminate among the floral odors of different varieties of two species of canola (brassica rapa and brassica napus) and also among three varieties of snapdragons (antirhinnum majus). individual worker honeybees were trained using a proboscis extension assay. the ability of bees to distinguish a floral odor from an air stimulus d ... | 2002 | 12035922 |
coupling reaction and properties of poly(ethylene glycol)-linked phospholipases a2. | secretory phospholipases a2 (pla2) from naja naja naja (cobra snake) venom, from bothrops neuwiedii (crotalid snake) venom (two isoforms) and from bee venom were modified with tresylated monomethoxy poly(ethylene glycol) (tmpeg). the kinetic and inflammatory properties of the adducts (peg-pla2) were measured. as found by gel permeation chromatography, 95-100% of p-1 pla2 from b. neuwiedii and pla2 from n. naja naja venom change their chromatographic mobility after tmpeg treatment. by contrast, o ... | 2002 | 12036042 |
involvement of oxidative stress in bee venom-induced inhibition of na+/glucose cotransporter in renal proximal tubule cells. | 1. the present study was conducted to examine the involvement of oxidative stress in bee venom-induced inhibition of the na+/glucose cotransporter (alpha-methyl-d-glucopyranoside (alpha-mg) uptake), a typical functional marker of proximal tubules, in primary cultured rabbit renal proximal tubule cells (ptc). 2. bee venom (> or = 1 microg/ml) increased lipid peroxide (lpo) formation over 30 min. the increase in [(3)h]-arachidonic acid (aa) release and lpo formation and the inhibition of alpha-mg ... | 2002 | 12060098 |
the effect of whole bee venom on arthritis. | this study was performed to assess the clincotherapeutic effect of whole venom of honeybee (apis mellifera) in adjuvant-induced arthritic rat. ninety sprague-dawley male rats were injected with complete freund's adjuvant (cfa). adjuvant arthritis was produced by a single subcutaneous injection of i mg mycobacterium butyricum suspended in 0.1 ml paraffin oil into the right hind paw. righting reflex was uniformly lost and considered to be the point of arthritis development on day 14 after cfa inje ... | 2002 | 12067099 |
participation of the arachidonic acid cascade pathway in macrophage binding/uptake of oxidized low density lipoprotein. | arachidonic acid cascade inhibitors, including phospholipase a2 inhibitors, dexamethasone and quinacrine (mepacrine), cyclooxygenase inhibitors, indomethacin and aspirin, and lipoxygenase inhibitor aa861, prevented foam cell formation and cholesterol accumulation in the incubation of thioglycollate-induced mouse peritoneal macrophages with oxidized low density lipoprotein (ldl) at 37 degrees c for 24 h. these inhibitors similarly prevented foam cell formation of fibronectin- and ca ionophore a23 ... | 2002 | 12081134 |
differentiation of paenibacillus larvae subsp. larvae, the cause of american foulbrood of honeybees, by using pcr and restriction fragment analysis of genes encoding 16s rrna. | a rapid procedure for the identification of paenibacillus larvae subsp. larvae, the causal agent of american foulbrood (afb) disease of honeybees (apis mellifera l.), based on pcr and restriction fragment analysis of the 16s rrna genes (rdna) is described. eighty-six bacterial strains belonging to 39 species of the genera paenibacillus, bacillus, brevibacillus, and virgibacillus were characterized. amplified rdna was digested with seven restriction endonucleases. the combined data from restricti ... | 2002 | 12089057 |
mast cell degranulating peptide increases the frequency of spontaneous miniature postsynaptic currents in ca3 rat hippocampal neurons. | mast cell degranulating peptide (mcdp) is a neurotoxic agent isolated from bee venom. it produces a long-term potentiation in the hippocampus. we now report that mcdp, at nanomolar concentrations, induces a reduction of a transient voltage-dependent potassium current (id) in ca3 rat pyramidal neurons and a persistent (>30 min) enhancement of the frequency of spontaneous miniature excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic currents (m.e.p.s.c.s. and m.i.p.s.c.s.). m.e.p.s.c.s. and m.i.p.s.c.s. were r ... | 1991 | 12106484 |
arachidonic acid release and prostaglandin f2alpha formation induced by phenylarsine oxide in pc12 cells: possible involvement of secretory phospholipase a2 activity. | activation of phospholipase a2 (pla2) causing arachidonic acid (aa) release is involved in neuronal cell functions. previously, we reported aa release and prostaglandin f(2alpha) (pgf(2alpha)) formation via activation of cytosolic pla2 by orthovanadate (na3vo4), an inhibitor of tyrosine phosphatases, in rat pheochromocytoma pc12 cells. we investigated the effects of phenylarsine oxide (pao), which reacts with sulfhydryl groups of proteins and thus acts as an inhibitor of tyrosine phosphatases, o ... | 2002 | 12106612 |
an autopsy approach to bee sting-related deaths. | although severe reactions to the sting of the common honey bee (apis mellifera) are a common problem in australia, reported deaths are uncommon, with the estimated mortality varying from one to four persons each year. the following study presents the postmortem findings in three cases of bee sting fatality, including one in which no observable sting was found. an autopsy approach to such cases is detailed. overreporting of bee sting-related deaths may occur due to the inclusion of deaths unrelat ... | 2002 | 12109787 |
glutamate signalling and secretory phospholipase a2 modulate the release of arachidonic acid from neuronal membranes. | the lipid mediators generated by phospholipases a(2) (pla(2)), free arachidonic acid (aa), eicosanoids, and platelet-activating factor, modulate neuronal activity; when overproduced, some of them become potent neurotoxins. we have shown, using primary cortical neuron cultures, that glutamate and secretory pla(2) (spla(2)) from bee venom (bv spla(2)) and taipan snake venom (os2) elicit synergy in inducing neuronal cell death. low concentrations of spla(2) are selective ligands of cell-surface spl ... | 2002 | 12111845 |
a real-time fluorogenic phospholipase a(2) assay for biochemical and cellular activity measurements. | a fluorogenic analog of the pla(2) substrate pc, named dabcyl-bodipy-pc, or simply dbpc, was synthesized with a fluorescence quencher (dabcyl, 4-[(4-[n,n-dimethylamino]phenyl)azo]benzoic acid) in the sn-1 acyl chain and a bodipy fluor in the sn-2 acyl chain. dbpc was recognized by spla(2) from each of the four sources examined (bee venom, human synovial fluid, cobra venom, and bovine pancreas). a dramatic and quantifiable fluorescence enhancement of dbpc occurred upon phospholipase digestion bot ... | 2002 | 12144923 |
does membrane lipid profile explain chilling sensitivity and membrane lipid phase transition of spermatozoa and oocytes? | ram, fowl and bee spermatozoa, and oocytes of cows and zebrafish were used to study lipid membrane profiles, chilling sensitivity and lipid-phase transitions. the integrity of the membranes was determined by carboxyfluorescein diacetate (cfda) staining following exposure for 15 minutes to low temperatures. ram and fowl spermatozoa showed different degrees of loss of membrane integrity. surprisingly, bee spermatozoa did not show any sensitivity to chilling, and their membranes remained intact dow ... | 2000 | 12148049 |
detection of deterministic behavior within the tissue injury-induced persistent firing of nociceptive neurons in the dorsal horn of the rat spinal cord. | to unravel the temporal features of the peripheral tissue injury induced persistent nociceptive discharge, single wide dynamic range (wdr) unit activity was recorded extracellularly in lumbar dorsal horn of anesthetized rats and interspike interval (isi) series were obtained. subcutaneous (s.c.) bee venom (bv) injection induced persistent discharge of spinal wdr neurons and has been well established to be a good model in evaluation of tissue injury induced pain. by applying a more novel approach ... | 2002 | 12154333 |
bee venom phospholipase inhibits malaria parasite development in transgenic mosquitoes. | malaria kills millions of people every year, and new control measures are urgently needed. the recent demonstration that (effector) genes can be introduced into the mosquito germ line to diminish their ability to transmit the malaria parasite offers new hope toward the fight of the disease (ito, j., ghosh, a., moreira, l. a., wimmer, e. a. & jacobs-lorena, m. (2002) nature, 417, 452-455). because of the high selection pressure that an effector gene imposes on the parasite population, development ... | 2002 | 12167627 |
expression of recombinant proteinase 3, the autoantigen in wegener's granulomatosis, in insect cells. | proteinase 3 (pr3) is the major autoantigen for anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (anca) in patients with wegener's granulomatosis. little is known about the major antigenic sites on pr3. to facilitate epitope mapping, pr3 was cloned in insect cells using a baculovirus expression system. four different sequences of the pr3 cdna were amplified by pcr: two clones containing the pro-peptide of pr3 with or without a his-tag (rpropr3-his and rpropr3, respectively) and two clones without the pro- ... | 2002 | 12191522 |
effect of honey bee venom on proliferation of k1735m2 mouse melanoma cells in-vitro and growth of murine b16 melanomas in-vivo. | bee venom has been reported to exhibit antitumour activity in-vitro and in-vivo. apoptosis, necrosis and lysis of tumour cells were suggested as possible mechanisms by which bee venom inhibited tumour growth. the aim of this study was to investigate potential mechanisms by which bee venom inhibits k1735m2 mouse melanoma cells in-vitro and b16 melanoma, a transplantable solid melanoma in c57bl/6 mice, in-vivo. the proliferation of k1735m2 cells in-vitro was inhibited by bee venom in a concentrati ... | 2002 | 12195822 |
the africanization of honeybees (apis mellifera l.) of the yucatan: a study of a massive hybridization event across time. | until recently, african and european subspecies of the honeybee (apis mellifera l.) had been geographically separated for around 10,000 years. however, human-assisted introductions have caused the mixing of large populations of african and european subspecies in south and central america, permitting an unprecedented opportunity to study a large-scale hybridization event using molecular analyses. we obtained reference populations from europe, africa, and south america and used these to provide ba ... | 2002 | 12206246 |
the natural control of the tracheal mite of honey bees. | the natural control of the tracheal mite, acarapis woodi, of the honey bee depends greatly on good foraging opportunities for bee colonies and on limited competition between colonies. the severe, widely-publicised disease of bees, referred to as 'the isle of wight disease' in britain early in the last century when colonies were more numerous than subsequently, was wrongly attributed to the mite, which causes no overt symptoms. the disease was almost certainly caused by bee paralysis virus, which ... | 2001 | 12206585 |
anarchy in the uk: detailed genetic analysis of worker reproduction in a naturally occurring british anarchistic honeybee, apis mellifera, colony using dna microsatellites. | anarchistic behaviour is a very rare phenotype of honeybee colonies. in an anarchistic colony, many workers' sons are reared in the presence of the queen. anarchy has previously been described in only two australian colonies. here we report on a first detailed genetic analysis of a british anarchistic colony. male pupae were present in great abundance above the queen excluder, which was clearly indicative of extensive worker reproduction and is the hallmark of anarchy. seventeen microsatellite l ... | 2002 | 12207729 |
inhibition of angiogenesis by propolis. | propolis, obtained from honeybee hives, has been used in oriental folk medicine as an anti-inflammatory, anti-carcinogenic, and immunomodulatory agent. there is considerable evidence suggesting that angiogenesis and chronic inflammation are codependent. blockage of angiogenesis results in an anti-inflammatory effect. ethanol (eep) and ether extracts of propolis (rep), and caffeic acid phenethyl ester (cape), an active component of propolis, were examined for their anti-angiogenic activities usin ... | 2002 | 12214863 |
hazards of insecticides to the bumble bees bombus impatiens (hymenoptera: apidae) foraging on flowering white clover in turf. | insecticides used on turf are sometimes applied to areas with flowering weeds that attract honey bees and native pollinators. we tested residual effects of such treatments on colony vitality and behavior of the bumble bees bombus impatiens cresson foraging on turf containingwhite clover, trifolium repens l. imidacloprid, a syst emic chloronicotinyl used for preventive control of root-feeding grubs, was applied as granules, followed by irrigation, or sprayed as a wettable powder, with or without ... | 2002 | 12216812 |
how do ants stick out their tongues? | the mouthparts are very important tools for almost any task performed by ants. in particular, the labiomaxillary complex is essential for food intake. in the present study we investigated the anatomical design of the labiomaxillary complex in various ant species, focusing on movement mechanisms. six labial and six maxillary muscles with different functions control the several joints and ensure the proper performance of the labiomaxillary complex. according to our measurements of sarcomere length ... | 2002 | 12219342 |
characterization of a chemosensory protein (asp3c) from honeybee (apis mellifera l.) as a brood pheromone carrier. | chemosensory proteins (csps) are ubiquitous soluble small proteins isolated from sensory organs of a wide range of insect species, which are believed to be involved in chemical communication. we report the cloning of a honeybee csp gene called asp3c, as well as the structural and functional characterization of the encoded protein. the protein was heterologously secreted by the yeast pichia pastoris using the native signal peptide. asp3c disulfide bonds were assigned after trypsinolysis followed ... | 2002 | 12230571 |
lupeol alkanoates in brazilian propolis. | high temperature high resolution gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (ht-hrgc-ms) isa powerful analytical tool. in this work we applied this technique to the study of crude extracts of propolis collected near the city of uberlândia-minas gerais state. eucalyptus trees and native plants from "cerrado" (savannah) were the material sources disposable for the apis mellifera bees. a lot of known propolis constituents were identified, however, several high molecular weight compounds includ ... | 2002 | 12241003 |
estrogenic effects of ethanol and ether extracts of propolis. | propolis obtained from honeybee hives has been used in oriental folk medicine as an anti-inflammatory, anti-carcinogenic, or immunomodulatory agent. the potential estrogenic activity of propolis was investigated in vitro using the mcf-7 human breast cancer cell proliferation, human estrogen receptor (her) binding and yeast-based steroid receptor transcription, and in vivo using the immature rat uterotrophic effect. treatments with ethanol extract of propolis (eep) and ether extract of propolis ( ... | 2002 | 12241982 |
deadly serious humour for the "go-go girls". thailand. | 13,600 people had been officially reported by 1989 as being infected with hiv in thailand. unofficial government projections, however, suggest that the true extent of hiv infection was closer to 30,000 cases, and that more than one million people will be infected by 1994. thousands of tourists visit thailand annually in search of sex. empower is an association established in 1985 to help the estimated 4000 women who work in patpong's bars and brothels. empower produces the honeybee cabaret, ... | 1989 | 12290134 |
stereological analysis reveals striking differences in the structural plasticity of two readily identifiable glomeruli in the antennal lobes of the adult worker honeybee. | the primary antennal sensory centers (antennal lobes) in the brain of the honeybee are highly compartmentalized into discrete spheres of synaptic neuropil called glomeruli, many of which can be identified according to their predictable size and location. glomeruli undergo significant changes in volume during the lifetime of the adult worker bee, at least some of which are activity dependent. this study tests the commonly expressed assumption that increases in neuropil volume are accompanied by a ... | 2002 | 12351725 |
differential effect of peripheral glutamate (nmda, non-nmda) receptor antagonists on bee venom-induced spontaneous nociception and sensitization. | this study aimed to investigate the role of peripheral n-methyl-d-aspartate (nmda) and non-nmda receptor on (1). spontaneous nociception and (2). on sensitization induced by subcutaneous (s.c.) injection of bee venom (0.2mg/50 micro l) in rats. peripheral s.c. administration of the competitive nmda receptor antagonist dl-2-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid (ap5), the non-competitive nmda receptor channel blocker mk-801, and the competitive non-nmda receptor antagonist 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3- ... | 2002 | 12372559 |
partial apamin sensitivity of human small conductance ca2+-activated k+ channels stably expressed in chinese hamster ovary cells. | the bee venom toxin apamin is an important drug tool for characterising small conductance ca(2+)-activated k(+) channels (sk channels). in recombinant expression systems both rsk2 and rsk3 channels are potently blocked by apamin, whilst the sensitivity of sk1 channels is somewhat less clear. in the present study we have conducted a detailed analysis by patch clamp electrophysiology of the effects of apamin on human sk channels (sk1, sk2 and sk3) stably expressed in chinese hamster ovary (cho-k1) ... | 2002 | 12382077 |
inhibition of methylnitrosourea (mnu) induced oxidative stress and carcinogenesis by orally administered bee honey and nigella grains in sprague dawely rats. | we studied the protective effect of bee honey and nigella grains as nutraceuticals on the oxidative stress and carcinogenesis induced by methylnitrosourea (mnu) in sprague dawely rats. four groups of animals were used and fed ad-libitum. the first group was a control (n=8), the second (n=8), the third (n=15) and the fourth groups (n=12) were injected mnu (single i.v. dose 50 mg/kg body weight). after one week the third and fourth groups were given orally 0.2 g ground nigella grains and 0.2 g nig ... | 2002 | 12385575 |
why sleep? | all living organisms show a regular, daily period of reduced activity. but to what extent could this be sleep, and what is it for? whatever the functions of sleep are, they probably shift in emphasis across the animal kingdom. there are fundamental differences between rodents and us. on the other hand, even human sleep has some similarities with that of the bee. | 2002 | 12391412 |
c-fos antisense oligodeoxynucleotide decreases subcutaneous bee venom injection-induced nociceptive behavior and fos expression in the rat. | oligodeoxynucleotide complementary to c-fos mrna was applied to characterize its effect on the spinal cord fos expression and relevant nociceptive behaviors challenged by subcutaneous injection of bee venom to the rat hind paw. nociceptive behavioral responses (spontaneous pain and hyperalgesia) following bee venom (0.2 mg/50 microl) injection were assessed in adult male sprague-dawley rats receiving intrathecal administration of c-fos antisense oligodeoxynucleotide (aso, 50 microg/10 microl), s ... | 2002 | 12393948 |
inhibition by melittin of phosphorylation by protein kinase c of annexin i from cow mammary gland. | protein kinase c (pkc) is a phosphotransferase activated by diacylglycerols, phospholipids and ca(2+), that regulates a wide variety of biological functions by phosphorylating multiple protein substrates such as annexin i. annexin i is a phospholipid/ca (2+)-binding protein distributed in various tissues, including the mammary gland, and is thought to mediate the anti-inflammatory actions of glucocorticoids by inhibiting phospholipase a(2). melittin, a phospholipase a(2) activator in bee venom, ... | 2002 | 12399601 |
individual hymenoptera venom compounds induce upregulation of the basophil activation marker ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 3 (cd203c) in sensitized patients. | bee and wasp venom extracts contain potent allergens capable of inducing severe clinical reactions. to analyze immediate-type hypersensitivity to defined hymenoptera venom components, a recently developed in vitro test was applied that is based on the upregulation of cd203c expression on basophils. | 2002 | 12403934 |
biphasic vasomotor reflex responses of the hand skin following intradermal injection of melittin into the forearm skin. | melittin is the main toxin of honeybee venom. previously, we have reported that intradermal injection of melittin into the volar aspect of forearm in humans produces a temporary pain and a subsequent sustained increase in the skin temperature due to axon reflex. to clarify the interaction between nociceptive inputs and vascular changes, we studied the influence of noxious stimulation by intradermal melittin on the vasomotor control of the distal extremities in human volunteers. temperature chang ... | 2002 | 12413433 |
fipronil: environmental fate, ecotoxicology, and human health concerns. | fipronil is a highly effective, broad-spectrum insecticide with potential value for the control of a wide range of crop, public hygiene, amenity, and veterinary pests. it can generally be applied at low to very low dose rates to achieve effective pest control. application rates vary between 0.6 and 200 g a.i./ha, depending on the target pest and formulation. it belongs to the phenyl pyrazole or fiprole group of chemicals and is a potent disrupter of the insect central nervous system via interfer ... | 2003 | 12442503 |
development of infectious transcripts and genome manipulation of black queen-cell virus of honey bees. | the south african isolate of black queen-cell virus (bqcv), a honey bee virus, was previously found to have an 8550 nucleotide genome excluding the poly(a) tail. its genome contained two orfs, a 5'-proximal orf encoding a putative replicase protein and a 3'-proximal orf encoding a capsid polyprotein. long reverse transcription (rt)-pcr was used to produce infectious transcripts for bqcv and to manipulate its genome. primers were designed for the amplification of the complete genome, the in vitro ... | 2002 | 12466491 |
effects of apigenin and tt-farnesol on glucosyltransferase activity, biofilm viability and caries development in rats. | propolis, a resinous hive product secreted by apis mellifera bees, has been shown to reduce the incidence of dental caries in rats. several compounds, mainly polyphenolics, have been identified in propolis. apigenin and tt-farnesol demonstrated biological activity against mutans streptococci. we determined here their effects, alone or in combination, on glucosyltransferase activity, biofilm viability, and development of caries in rats. sprague-dawley rats were infected with streptococcus sobrinu ... | 2002 | 12485324 |
preliminary investigations into possible resistance to oxytetracycline in melissococcus plutonius, a pathogen of honeybee larvae. | to investigate the occurrence of oxytetracycline (otc) resistance in melissococcus plutonius, which causes european foulbrood in honeybee colonies. | 2003 | 12485336 |
rapid detection of paenibacillus larvae from honey and hive samples with a novel nested pcr protocol. | the bacterial pathogen paenibacillus larvae is the causative agent of american foulbrood disease in honeybees (apis mellifera). a touchdown nested pcr protocol was developed to detect the presence of p. larvae spores directly in honey and hive samples. this approach allows early discovery of the bacteria even at concentrations below pathogenic levels, opening the door to new prophylactic approaches against american foulbrood and real-time epidemiological studies. | 2003 | 12485745 |
crop pollination from native bees at risk from agricultural intensification. | ecosystem services are critical to human survival; in selected cases, maintaining these services provides a powerful argument for conserving biodiversity. yet, the ecological and economic underpinnings of most services are poorly understood, impeding their conservation and management. for centuries, farmers have imported colonies of european honey bees (apis mellifera) to fields and orchards for pollination services. these colonies are becoming increasingly scarce, however, because of diseases, ... | 2002 | 12486221 |
information flow, opinion polling and collective intelligence in house-hunting social insects. | the sharing and collective processing of information by certain insect societies is one of the reasons that they warrant the superlative epithet 'super-organisms' (franks 1989, am. sci. 77, 138-145). we describe a detailed experimental and mathematical analysis of information exchange and decision-making in, arguably, the most difficult collective choices that social insects face: namely, house hunting by complete societies. the key issue is how can a complete colony select the single best nest- ... | 2002 | 12495514 |
the crystal structure of the h48q active site mutant of human group iia secreted phospholipase a2 at 1.5 a resolution provides an insight into the catalytic mechanism. | the human group iia secreted pla(2) is a 14 kda calcium-dependent extracellular enzyme that has been characterized as an acute phase protein with important antimicrobial activity and has been implicated in signal transduction. the selective binding of this enzyme to the phospholipid substrate interface plays a crucial role in its physiological function. to study interfacial binding in the absence of catalysis, one strategy is to produce structurally intact but catalytically inactive mutants. the ... | 2002 | 12501175 |
hirsutella thompsonii and metarhizium anisopliae as potential microbial control agents of varroa destructor, a honey bee parasite. | the potential of hirsutella thompsonii fisher and metarhizium anisopliae (metschinkoff) as biological control agents of the parasitic mite, varroa destructor anderson and trueman was evaluated in the laboratory and in observation hives. in the laboratory, time required for 90% cumulative mortality of mites (lt(90)) was 4.16 (3.98-4.42) days for h. thompsonii and 5.85 (5.48-7.43) days for m. anisopliae at 1.1 x 10(3) conidia mm(-2). at a temperature (34+/-1 degrees c) similar to that of the brood ... | 2002 | 12507487 |
black queen-cell virus rna is infectious in honey bee pupae. | | 2002 | 12507491 |
efficacy of formic acid in gel for varroa control in apis mellifera l.: importance of the dispenser position inside the hive. | the efficacy of formic acid in a gel matrix was evaluated in two groups of honeybee colonies. in group 1, a dispenser with 120 g of formic acid (70%) in gel was placed on the brood combs and another dispenser with the same dose was located on the hive bottom (total dose, 240 g). group 2 received two doses of 240 g of formic acid (70%) in gel and each application was applied in two dispensers containing 120 g of the formic acid solution each and they were located over the brood chamber (total dos ... | 2003 | 12531298 |
anti-inflammatory and antispasmodic activity of ipomoea imperati (vahl) griseb (convolvulaceae). | ipomoea imperati (convolvulaceae) lives on the sandy shores of the brazilian coast and in other areas of the world. the anti-inflammatory activity of a methanol-water extract of the leaves of i. imperati was investigated in experimental models of acute and subchronic inflammation. topical application of the extract (10 mg/ear) inhibited mouse ear edema induced by croton oil (89.0 +/- 1.3% by the lipid fraction with an ic50 of 3.97 mg/ear and 57.0 +/- 1.3% by the aqueous fraction with an ic50 of ... | 2003 | 12532233 |
the anti-inflammatory effect of bee venom stimulation in a mouse air pouch model is mediated by adrenal medullary activity. | cutaneous electrical or chemical stimulation can produce an anti-inflammatory effect, which is dependent on adrenal medullary-sympathetic activation. we have previously shown that peripheral injection of bee venom (bv) also produces a significant anti-inflammatory effect that is neurally mediated. in the present study, we examined whether this anti-inflammatory effect is also dependent on the adrenal gland using the mouse inflammatory air pouch model. subcutaneous (s.c.) bv injection produced a ... | 2003 | 12535175 |
a comparison of hyperalgesia and neurogenic inflammation induced by melittin and capsaicin in humans. | melittin (a main compound of bee venom) and capsaicin were injected intradermally in healthy human volunteers: (1) to study secondary mechanical hyperalgesia (static hyperalgesia and dynamic hyperalgesia) around the injection site; and (2) to correlate the sensory changes to the neurogenic inflammation assessed by laser-doppler blood flowmetry. melittin 50 microg and capsaicin 10 microg induced comparable spontaneous pain and increased blood flow (neurogenic inflammation). intradermal injection ... | 2003 | 12536045 |
method of application of tylosin, an antibiotic for american foulbrood control, with effects on small hive beetle (coleoptera: nitidulidae) populations. | the method of application of the antibiotic tylosin (tylan) for control of oxytetracycline-resistant american foulbrood (paenibacillus larvae white) was tested in honeybee (apis mellifera l.) colonies. a powdered sugar mixture with tylosin, applied as a dust, was efficacious in eliminating american foulbrood symptoms at a rate of 200-mg tylan per 20 g of powdered sugar, applied at weekly intervals for 3 weeks. a second method of treatment consisting of tylan mixed with granulated sugar and veget ... | 2002 | 12539820 |
[cloning of promelittin cdna and its expression in escherichia coli]. | the cdna encoding promelittin was obtained from the total rna of bee poison gland by rt-pcr and was cloned to pt7blu-t vector. the expression vector of promelittin fused with partial sequence of beta-galactosidase was constructed by ligating the fragment inserted to puc118. moreover, it was expressed in the strain dh5 alpha of escherichia coli. the result of dna sequence analysis demonstrated that the obtained cdna sequence was same with the published one and the reading frame of fusion gene was ... | 2001 | 12549023 |
field study of the efficacy of three types of nose net for the treatment of headshaking in horses. | thirty-six owners of seasonally headshaking horses took part in a trial to compare the effectiveness of three types of nose net, a traditional cylindrical net (full net) and two forms of larger mesh nets which cover only the nostrils and dorsorostral muzzle (half nets). baseline data relating to the overall severity of the problem and 18 specific behaviours describing the nature of the problem were recorded on a check sheet by the owners. a within-subjects repeated measures design experiment, wi ... | 2003 | 12553579 |
reversal of the adult ige high responder phenotype in mice by maternally transferred allergen-specific monoclonal igg antibodies during a sensitive period in early ontogeny. | ige is an important trigger in allergy and asthma, diseases whose development is suggested to depend on an initial sensitization in early life. while induction of murine ige responses requires both a genetically based ige high responder phenotype and defined experimental conditions, maternally transferred igg can override these prerequisites and suppress ige formation in an allergen-specific manner. here, we show that maternally transferred monoclonal igg, irrespective of their subclass and reco ... | 2002 | 12555658 |
identification and characterization of mlr1,2: two mouse homologues of mblk-1, a transcription factor from the honeybee brain(1). | we previously identified the mblk-1 gene in the honeybee brain, which encodes a transcription factor containing two dna binding motifs, termed rhf1 and 2 (takeuchi et al. (2001) insect mol. biol. 121, 134-140). here, we identified two mouse mblk1 homologues, mlr1 and mlr2. both encode proteins containing a single dna-binding motif highly conserved with rhf2 and activate transcription mediated by a dna element recognized by honeybee mblk-1. mlr1 was expressed predominantly in the spermatocytes of ... | 2003 | 12560079 |
[spring propagation and size dynamics characteristics of two kinds of bee populations in anhui province]. | systematical observations and researches were conducted on the population size dynamics of apis mellifera ligustica spi. and apis cerana cerana feb. in wanzhong, wanxi and wannan mountainous area in anhui province in 1997-1999. the results showed that the bee population size was influenced by climate and flower fertility, which was higher in spring and autumn, and lower in summer and winter. the propagation and renewal of a. mellifera in autumn were quicker than those of a. cerana cerana, while ... | 2002 | 12561176 |
a three-dimensional cell culture model for bovine endometrium: regeneration of a multicellular spheroid using ascorbate. | the development of a multicellular spheroid comprising bovine endometrial epithelial cells (bee) and bovine endometrial stromal cells (bes) is described in this study. the bes were cultured to confluence in medium with l -ascorbic acid phosphate magnesium salt n -hydrate (asa-p) which stimulates collagen synthesis in bes. the bee were co-cultured on a bes cell-sheet for 24h before detachment of the cell-sheet to generate a hetero-spheroid. after edta treatment and agitating with pipette, the flo ... | 2003 | 12566253 |
human spatial representation derived from a honeybee compass. | | 2003 | 12584019 |
structural similarity between the bee venom peptides and the immunodominant human myelin basic proteins: role for pathogenesis of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis. | | 2003 | 12589368 |
the water-soluble fraction (<10 kd) of bee venom (apis mellifera) produces inhibitory effect on apical transporters in renal proximal tubule cells. | human envenomation caused by bee stings has been reported to cause acute renal failure and the pathogenetic mechanisms of these renal functional changes are still unclear. bee venom is also a complex mixture of enzymes and proteins. thus, this study was conducted to examine the effects of bee venom (bv, apis mellifera) fractions on apical transporters' activity and its related signal pathways in primary cultured renal proximal tubule cells. whole bv was extracted into three fractions according t ... | 2002 | 12590201 |
reproduction of varroa destructor in worker brood of africanized honey bees (apis mellifera). | reproduction and population growth of varroa destructor was studied in ten naturally infested, africanized honey bee (ahb) (apis mellifera) colonies in yucatan, mexico. between february 1997 and january 1998 monthly records of the amount of pollen, honey, sealed worker and drone brood were recorded. in addition, mite infestation levels of adult bees and worker brood and the fecundity of the mites reproducing in worker cells were determined. the mean number of sealed worker brood cells (10,070 +/ ... | 2002 | 12593514 |
modulation of the activity of secretory phospholipase a2 by antimicrobial peptides. | the antimicrobial peptides magainin 2, indolicidin, and temporins b and l were found to modulate the hydrolytic activity of secretory phospholipase a(2) (spla(2)) from bee venom and in human lacrimal fluid. more specifically, hydrolysis of phosphatidylcholine (pc) liposomes by bee venom spla(2) at 10 micro m ca(2+) was attenuated by these peptides while augmented product formation was observed in the presence of 5 mm ca(2+). the activity of spla(2) towards anionic liposomes was significantly enh ... | 2003 | 12604528 |
development and evaluation of pcr assays for the detection of paenibacillus larvae in honey samples: comparison with isolation and biochemical characterization. | pcr assays were developed for the direct detection of paenibacillus larvae in honey samples and compared with isolation and biochemical characterization procedures. different primer pairs, designed from the 16s rrna and the metalloproteinase precursor gene regions, and different dna extraction methods were tested and compared. the sensitivity of the reactions was evaluated by serial dilutions of dna extracts obtained from p. larvae cultures. the specificity of the primers was assessed by analyzi ... | 2003 | 12620836 |
schistosoma mansoni-infected mice produce antibodies that cross-react with plant, insect, and mammalian glycoproteins and recognize the truncated biantennaryn-glycan man3glcnac2-r. | to reveal the role of cross-reactive carbohydrate determinants in the host immune response in helminth infections and allergenicity, we developed monoclonal antibodies (mabs) that recognize glycan epitopes present on glycoconjugates from both helminths and plants. an igm mab (100-4g11-a) was selected from a panel of anti-glycan mabs generated from schistosoma-infected or immunized mice because it recognized both a plant glycoprotein horseradish peroxidase and phospholipase a2 from honeybee venom ... | 2003 | 12626421 |
use of novel pollen species by specialist and generalist solitary bees (hymenoptera: megachilidae). | if trade-offs between flexibility to use a range of host species and efficiency on a limited set underlie the evolution of diet breadth, one resulting prediction is that specialists ought to be more restricted than generalists in their ability to use novel resource species. i used foraging tests and feeding trials to compare the ability of a generalist and a specialist solitary mason bee species to collect and develop on two pollen species that are not normally used in natural populations (novel ... | 2003 | 12647164 |
starmerella meliponinorum sp. nov., a novel ascomycetous yeast species associated with stingless bees. | thirty-two strains of the novel species starmerella meliponinorum sp. nov. were isolated from various substrates associated with three stingless bee species (tribe meliponini) in brazil and one in costa rica. the strains were found in garbage pellets (faecal material, discarded pollen or food, etc.), pollen provisions, adult bees, honey and propolis of tetragonisca angustula, in honey from melipona quadritasciata and in adults of melipona rufiventris and trigona fulviventris. the sequence of the ... | 2003 | 12656193 |
antineoplastic activity of honey in an experimental bladder cancer implantation model: in vivo and in vitro studies. | the antitumor effect of bee honey against bladder cancer was examined in vitro and in vivo. methods: three human bladder cancer cell lines (t24, 253j and rt4) and one murine bladder cancer cell line (mbt-2) were used in these experiments. in an in vitro study, the antitumor activity was assessed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (mtt) assay, tdt-mediated dutp-biotin nick end labeling (tunel) assay, 5-bromodeoxyuridine (brdu) labeling index and flowcytometry (fcm). ... | 2003 | 12657101 |
pollen dispersal of tropical trees (dinizia excelsa: fabaceae) by native insects and african honeybees in pristine and fragmented amazonian rainforest. | tropical rainforest trees typically occur in low population densities and rely on animals for cross-pollination. it is of conservation interest therefore to understand how rainforest fragmentation may alter the pollination and breeding structure of remnant trees. previous studies of the amazonian tree dinizia excelsa (fabaceae) found african honeybees (apis mellifera scutellata) as the predominant pollinators of trees in highly disturbed habitats, transporting pollen up to 3.2 km between pasture ... | 2003 | 12675830 |
acupoint stimulation using bee venom attenuates formalin-induced pain behavior and spinal cord fos expression in rats. | in two previous reports, we have demonstrated that injection of bee venom (bv) into an acupoint produces a significant antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effect in both a mouse model of visceral nociception and a rat model of chronic arthritis. the present study was designed to evaluate the potential antinociceptive effect of bv pretreatment on formalin-induced pain behavior and it associated spinal cord fos expression in rats. adult sprague-dawley rats were injected with bv directly into the ... | 2003 | 12679565 |
[symptomatic black queen cell virus infection of drone brood in hessian apiaries]. | the black queen cell virus (bqcv) can affect brood of the honey bee (apis mellifera). in general queen cells are endangered showing dark coloured cell walls as typical symptoms. worker- and dronebrood can be infected by bqcv but normally without clinical symptoms. this paper describes for the first time a symptomatic bqcv-infection of diseased drone brood found on two bee yards in hessen/germany in 2001. the drone larvae were seriously damaged and some of them were dead. samples of the affected ... | 2003 | 12680279 |
prevalence of occupational allergy due to live fish bait. | larvae of insects and worms, used as live fish bait (lfb), are a common source of allergy in anglers and occupationally exposed workers, but the prevalence and predictors have not yet been investigated. | 2003 | 12680868 |
bee venom induces apoptosis and inhibits expression of cyclooxygenase-2 mrna in human lung cancer cell line nci-h1299. | to investigate whether bee venom (bv) induces apoptosis, the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase- mediated dutp nick end-labeling assay, 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole staining, flow cytometric analysis, and dna fragmentation assay were performed on nci-h1299 lung cancer cells treated with bv. through morphological and biochemical analyses, it was demonstrated that nci-h1299 cells treated with bv exhibit several features of apop ... | 2003 | 12686753 |
the effects of spinosad, a naturally derived insect control agent, to the honeybee (apis melifera). | spinosad is a novel insect control agent derived by fermentation of the actinomycete bacterium, saccharopolyspora spinosa. spinosad controls many caterpillar pests in vines, pome fruit and vegetables (including tomatoes and peppers), thrips in tomatoes, peppers and ornamental cultivation and dipterous leafminers in vegetables and ornamentals. application rates vary between 25 to 100 g of active substance per hectare (g as/ha) and 4.8 to 36 g of active substance per hectolitre (g as/hl) depending ... | 2002 | 12696428 |
[africanized bees in a metropolitan area of brazil: shelters and climatic influences]. | africanized bees are the most aggressive bees, form swarms several times a year and build their nests in a great variety of places different from european bees. this behavior brings them into closer contact with human populations, thus giving rise to a larger number of injuries. a study was carried out to gain greater knowledge on these bees' behavior and thus create more efficient strategies for dealing with them and educating the population on this regard. | 2003 | 12700847 |
allergen-specific t-cell tolerance induction with allergen-derived long synthetic peptides: results of a phase i trial. | there is a need to improve the safety and efficacy of allergen-specific immunotherapy. long synthetic peptide-based immunotherapy was proven safe, immunogenic, and protective in preclinical trials. | 2003 | 12704369 |
chemical composition of tipuana tipu, a source for tropical honey bee products. | tipuana tipu (benth.) kuntze is a tree from the leguminosae family (papilionoideae) indigenous in argentina and extensively used in urbanism, mainly in southern brazil. the epicuticular waxes of leaves and branch, and flower surface were studied by high temperature high resolution gas chromatography. several compounds were characterized, among which the aliphatic alcohols were predominant in branch, leaves and receptacle. alkanes were predominant only in the petals and the aliphatic acids were p ... | 2003 | 12710729 |