| re-assessing the infection strategies of the entomopathogenic nematode steinernema feltiae (rhabditidae; steinernematidae). | previous studies have indicated that between 60 and 80% of a population of entomopathogenic nematodes do not infect their insect hosts at any one period in time. two hypotheses explain this behaviour: the first that there is a subpopulation of non-infectious nematodes and the second that the non-infectious group is created by inhibitory cues derived from infected insects. through an experimental approach with the galleria mellonella-steinernema feltiae system we show that both mechanisms operate ... | 2000 | 11085241 |
| temperature-dependent regulatory mechanism of larval development of the wax moth (galleria mellonella). | the mechanisms underlying larval diapause in the wax moth (galleria mellonella) is one of the most throughly studied aspects. at the low temperature of 18 degrees c, the last instar larvae did not pupate but transferred to 30 degrees c they initiated development and pupation in a circadian manner. different types of surgical manipulations including head-ligation, nerve cord-severance, implantation of the brain, prothoracic glands, accompanied with ecdysteroid titre measurements indicated that di ... | 2000 | 10961696 |
| involvement of both granular cells and plasmatocytes in phagocytic reactions in the greater wax moth, galleria mellonella. | although it has been previously found by most authors that only plasmatocytes are involved in phagocytosis of non-self in the greater wax moth, galleria mellonella, in the present study we demonstrate that in vitro, both granular cells and plasmatocytes are involved in this reaction, using monolayers of these haemocytes prepared from larval haemolymph by a differential cell fractionation method. the adhesion of granular cells to glassware and phagocytosis by granular cells of fitc-labelled silic ... | 2000 | 10817839 |
| recognition and regulation of metalloproteinase activity in the haemolymph of galleria mellonella: a new pathway mediating induction of humoral immune responses. | proteolytic activity released within an organism by wounded tissues or invading pathogens can strongly impair the physiological homeostasis when it remains non-regulated. thus, an efficient mechanism that enables recognition and inactivation of non-regulated proteolytic activity is essential to limit toxic effects. in larvae of the greater wax moth galleria mellonella we discovered that injection of bacterial thermolysin at a sublethal concentration mediates both acquired resistance against a su ... | 2000 | 10802237 |
| influence of insect larvae and seedling roots on the host-finding ability of steinernema feltiae (nematoda: steinernematidae). | the ability of nematode foragers to locate appropriate insect hosts is essential to their performance as successful biological control agents. we investigated the host-finding ability and chemotaxis of steinernema feltiae in the presence of cues from galleria mellonella larvae and tomato and radish seedling roots, given individually and in combination, over 120 min. in agar arena tests, infective juveniles of s. feltiae responded positively to unsterilized and sterilized larvae and tomato seedli ... | 2000 | 10772328 |
| effects of crop residue on the persistence of steinernema carpocapsae. | we determined the effects of crop residue on the persistence of an entomopathogenic nematode, steinernema carpocapsae. during 2 consecutive years, nematodes were applied at rates of 2.5 x 10 and 1.0 x 10 infective juveniles/m(2) to small field plots planted with corn. nematode persistence was monitored by exposing galleria mellonella larvae to soil samples from plots with and without crop residue (approximately 75% coverage of soybean stubble). persistence of s. carpocapsae was significantly gre ... | 1999 | 19270924 |
| epr detection of reactive oxygen species in hemolymph of galleria mellonella and dendrolimus superans sibiricus (lepidoptera) larvae. | the formation of reactive oxygen species (ros) in hemolymph and hemocytes of galleria mellonella and dendrolimus superans sibiricus larvae was studied by esr spectroscopy using spin-trap 1-hydroxy-3-carboxy-pyrrolidine (cp-h). the background level of ros formation was detected in the intact hemolymph. the addition of dihydroxyphenylalanine (dopa) into free cells of the hemolymph increased cp-h oxidation about two times for g. mellonella and about four times for d. superans sibiricus. this increa ... | 1999 | 10527867 |
| development of the one-on-one quality assessment assay for entomopathogenic nematodes. | the one-on-one bioassay was developed using steinernema carpocapsae (all) nematodes against the wax moth larva, galleria mellonella. the assay was used to develop and compare virulence profiles of both in vitro- and in vivo-produced nematodes and to provide a quality assessment 'standard' for in vitro-produced nematodes. the bioassay was subsequently used to develop virulence profiles for steinernema carpocapsae (uk), s. feltiae (uk), s. feltiae (r1.5), s. feltiae (sn), s. glaseri (nj-43), and s ... | 1999 | 10486226 |
| presence of il-1- and tnf-like molecules in galleria mellonella (lepidoptera) haemocytes and in an insect cell line fromestigmene acraea (lepidoptera). | in this study the authors give immunocytochemical evidence for the presence of interleukin (il)-1alpha- and tumour necrosis factor (tnf) alpha-like molecules in the haemocytes of last instar larvae from the greater wax moth galleria mellonella. similar results are demonstrated in a continuous haemocyte line (bti-ea-1174-a) from the salt marsh caterpillar estigmene acraea. in galleria mellonella larvae granular cells show a strong positive reaction with both primary antibodies, whereas plasmatocy ... | 1999 | 10479399 |
| infectivity, distribution, and persistence of the entomopathogenic nematode steinernema carpocapsae all strain (rhabditida: steinernematidae) applied by sprinklers or boom sprayer to dry-pick cranberries. | we evaluated infectivity, distribution, and persistence of commercially produced steinernema carpocapsae (weiser) all strain applied through solid set sprinkler irrigation or boom sprayer to 2 dry-pick cranberry farms on peat soil in british columbia in 1993. most infectivity assays used galleria mellonella (l.) larvae. when possible, larvae of the target pest, otiorynchus sulcatas (f.) were used as assay organisms. nematodes in almost all samples of nematode suspensions diluted from shipping co ... | 1999 | 10407620 |
| factors influencing the infectivity of a canadian isolate of steinernema kraussei (nematoda: steinernematidae) at low temperature. | the effectiveness of canadian isolate 76 of steinernema kraussei, at 10 degrees c, in penetrating galleria mellonella larvae (percentage parasitism and number of ijs developed to adult nematodes) was measured at different host densities (differing number of larvae and size of experimental arena) and for different durations of exposure. the greater the size of the inoculum of infective juvenile nematodes per unit area and the longer the duration of exposure, the greater the number of larvae that ... | 1999 | 10222176 |
| nuclear rdna phylogeny in the fungal genus verticillium and its relationship to insect and plant virulence, extracellular proteases and carbohydrases. | phylogenetic relationships among 18 isolates in the genus verticillium, representing 13 species of diverse econutritional groups (pathogens of insects, plants, mushrooms, nematodes and spiders, and saprobes), were examined by using sequences from the internal transcribed spacer (its) and small nuclear (ns) rrna regions. the isolates were also assessed for their abilities to infect insect larvae (galleria mellonella) and to cause necrosis in alfalfa (medicago sativa), and for their proteolytic, c ... | 1999 | 10220175 |
| effects of beauverolide l and cyclosporin a on humoral and cellular immune response of the greater wax moth, galleria mellonella. | the effects of beauverolide l and cyclosporin a, cyclic peptidic metabolites, produced by several genera of entomopathogenic fungi on immune responses of last instar larvae of the greater wax moth galleria mellonella have been examined. intrahemocoelic injection of either metabolite-coated silica particles or dissolved metabolites in a concentrations ranging between 10 and 30 micrograms per larvae caused no mortality but activated humoral responses in g. mellonella larvae. the challenge induced ... | 1999 | 10190031 |
| aggregation of entomopathogenic nematodes, heterorhabditis spp. and steinernema spp., among host insects at 9 and 20 degrees c and effects on efficacy | the negative binomial distribution (nbd) with density-dependent k was used to test and describe the distribution of nematodes in otiorhynchus sulcatus, galleria mellonella, and spodoptera exigua at 9 and 20 degrees c. aggregation was greater in o. sulcatus than in the other two hosts. in case of g. mellonella exposed to the heterorhabditid hf85, the distribution of nematodes in the insects was random. there was only a small effect of low temperature on aggregation; this effect was stronger for o ... | 1999 | 10066401 |
| influence of production and bioassay methods on infectivity of two ambush foragers (nematoda: steinernematidae) | the influence of production and bioassay methods on infectivity of two ambush foragers, steinernema carpocapsae and steinernema scapterisci, was evaluated. both species were mass-produced in vitro in liquid culture and in vivo using live insects: s. carpocapsae in last instar wax moth galleria mellonella larvae and s. scapterisci in adult house crickets acheta domesticus. infectivity was assessed at 28 degreesc against last-instar g. mellonella larvae using a filter-paper bioassay and a newly de ... | 1999 | 9878288 |
| primary structure of apolipophorin-iii from the greater wax moth, galleria mellonella. | the complete amino acid sequence of apolipophorin-iii (apolp-iii), a lipid-binding hemolymph protein from the greater wax moth, galleria mellonella, was determined by protein sequencing. the mature protein consists of 163 amino acid residues forming a protein of 18,075.5 da. its sequence is similar to apolp-iii from other lepidopteran species, but remarkably different from the apolp-iiis of insects from other orders. as shown by mass spectrometric analysis, the protein carries no modifications. ... | 1998 | 9853677 |
| sex ratio and the infection process in entomopathogenic nematodes: are males the colonizing sex? | in laboratory assays, male infective juveniles of some species of entomopathogenic nematodes in the genus steinernema differ from females in their tendency to disperse and in their responses to the volatile cues emitted by parasitized and nonparasitized insects. these differences suggest that male infective juveniles might locate and establish in insect hosts before females, and that infection by males might render hosts suitable for nematode development and more attractive to females: "the male ... | 1998 | 9784353 |
| penetration of the entomopathogenic nematode heterorhabditis spp. into host insects at 9 and 20 degreesc | biological control of black vine weevil, otiorhynchus sulcatus, by means of the entomopathogenic nematode, heterorhabditis spp., is difficult to obtain at low temperatures. the influence of temperature on nematode penetration ability was investigated to identify whether this process is a bottleneck for biocontrol. variation in penetration ability among and within heterorhabditis was assessed. a negative exponential model was used to characterize penetration in time. the two parameters in this mo ... | 1998 | 9784341 |
| purification and characterization of an inducible metalloprotease inhibitor from the hemolymph of greater wax moth larvae, galleria mellonella. | in this paper, we report the detection, purification and characterization of the first metalloprotease inhibitor (impi) from invertebrates. impi was purified from the hemolymph of last-instar larvae of galleria mellonella by precipitation with trichloroacetic acid and heat followed by affinity chromatography on a thermolysin-sepharose column and gel filtration or reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. for the detection of inhibitor activity, a new azocoll assay was established. im ... | 1998 | 9738891 |
| influence of culture method on steinernema glaseri lipids. | entomopathogenic nematodes can be mass produced in artificial media for use as biological insecticides. nematode in vitro media have been primarily developed on the basis of yield without fully considering nematode nutritional requirements. we investigated the quality and quantity of lipids in the entomopathogenic nematode steinernema glaseri when grown in vivo in popillia japonica (a natural host), galleria mellonella (a factitious host), and in solid and liquid media. nematode yield (infective ... | 1998 | 9576490 |
| purification and characterization of a male-specific protein in the hemolymph of the wax moth, galleria mellonella l. | a male-specific protein (msp) present only in males was identified from the hemolymph of the wax moth, galleria mellonella l., by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (page) and purified by anion-exchange chromatography. msp has a native molecular mass of 55 kda and consists of two 27-kda subunits. an isoelectric point of msp was measured to be approximately 5.8. msp is a glycoprotein that contains 1.7% carbohydrate. the compositional analysis of carbohydrate component indicated a predominance of ... | 1998 | 9543709 |
| the p25 component of galleria silk. | the water-insoluble core of lepidopteran silk is composed of four major proteins, but only three genes have been identified. this study demonstrates that the 29- and 30-kda components of galleria mellonella silk are derived from a single gene designated p25. the gene is expressed exclusively in the posterior section of the silk glands as a 2-kb mrna, which accumulates in the feeding larvae and declines at molting. the mrna encodes a peptide of 24,864 da that exhibits 51% identity with the putati ... | 1998 | 9520260 |
| uv-difference and cd spectroscopy studies on juvenile hormone binding to its carrier protein. | juvenile hormone binding protein (jhbp) from hemolymph of galleria mellonella is a single-chain glycoprotein of molecular mass near 25,880 containing no trp residues. the fourth derivative of the protein absorption spectrum shows the characteristic vibrational components of the phenylalanine spectrum within the range 240-270 nm. at longer wavelengths two main bands 0-0 and 0+800 cm(-1) appear, caused by vibrational levels of electronic transition, pi-->pi*, in the tyrosine residues, with maxima ... | 1998 | 9516043 |
| comparison of endemic and exotic entomopathogenic nematode species for control of colorado potato beetle (coleoptera: chrysomelidae). | we compared the efficacy of 2 endemic strains of entomopathogenic nematodes isolated from hermiston, or, with that of 3 exotic nematode species for control of colorado potato beetle, leptinotarsa decemlineata (say). in laboratory experiments, the exotic heterorhabditis species were more pathogenic to colorado potato beetle than were the endemic heterorhabditis strains. exotic steinernema species were less pathogenic to colorado potato beetle than the exotic heterorhabditis species. no colorado p ... | 1997 | 9461847 |
| destruxin analogs: variations of the alpha-hydroxy acid side chain. | this work describes the synthesis of three destruxin e cyclodepsipeptidic analogs. these compounds have an identical amino acid sequence but differ by the nature of the hydroxy acid residue with is 2-hydroxy-3-phenylpropionic (hpp), 2-hydroxy-5-trimethylsilyl-4-pentynoic (hpy-tms) and 2-hydroxy-4-pentynoic (hpy) acid, respectively. the insecticidal properties on the galleria mellonella larvae (paralysis and lethal effect) of these analogs are presented in comparison with the natural destruxin e. ... | 1997 | 9273893 |
| presence of sialic acid in prothoracic glands of galleria mellonella (lepidoptera). | the presence of sialic acid (sa) in prothoracic glands (pgs) of galleria mellonella was determined by the methods of electron microscopy (em), histochemistry, spectrophotometry (sp) and electronic ionization (ei)-mass spectroscopy. histochemical observations were carried out by the cationic dye ruthenium red (rr), staining with and without neuraminidase digestion in the larval stage. neuraminidase-sensitive sa was demonstrated by the decrease in the amount of rr-binding following neuraminidase d ... | 1997 | 18627822 |
| effects of infected insects on secondary invasion of steinernematid entomopathogenic nematodes. | factors affecting 'invasion efficiency' of steinernematid entomopathogenic nematodes into hosts were elucidated. the phenomenon that only part (10-40%) of the nematode population invades the target host has been recorded in many studies. it has been mainly ascribed to differences in the ability of individual nematodes to infect. in the present study the effect of an infected host, the wax moth galleria mellonella, on subsequent infection of the entomopathogenic nematodes steinernema carpocapsae ... | 1997 | 9172429 |
| the effects of eicosanoid biosynthesis inhibitors on prophenoloxidase activation, phagocytosis and cell spreading in galleria mellonella. | the invertebrate immune system produces melanotic nodules in response to bacterial infections and this has previously been shown to be mediated by eicosanoids. nodulation occurs in two phases: the first involves hemocyte degranulation and activation of the prophenoloxidase cascade; the second involves formation of a cellular capsule by attachment and spreading of hemocytes. we demonstrate that inhibitors of eicosanoid biosynthesis affect both of these phases of nodulation in galleria mellonella. ... | 1997 | 12769924 |
| a new small rna virus persistently infecting an established cell line of galleria mellonella, induced by a heterologous infection. | a persistent infection in a galleria mellonella cell line was revealed when infected with a maize stem borer picorna-like virus isolated on sesamia cretica (msbv). the new virus, completely different from the msbv, is designated as g. mellonella cell line virus (gmclv), induces spectacular cytopathic effects, and is also considered efficient in vivo. the gmclv is a 29-nm-diameter isometric virus, with single-strand rna of 2.9 x 10(6) da molecular weight with a poly(a) tract. its capsid is consti ... | 1997 | 9028922 |
| expression of ecdysteroid-regulated transcripts in the silk gland of the wax moth, galleria mellonella. | expression of six different transcripts encoding members of the nuclear receptor superfamily was studied in whole silk glands of the wax moth, galleria mellonella, during development and in response to 20-hydroxyecdysone (20e) and juvenile hormone (jh ii) in vitro. nucleic acid probes specific to galleria homologs of the drosophila e75 early gene and the delayed early gene dhr3 were used to follow mrnas encoding isoforms a and b of the e75 protein and ghr3 protein, respectively. among these mrna ... | 1996 | 24173588 |
| effects of two carbamates on infective juveniles of stemernema carpocapsae all strain and steinernema feltiae umeå strain. | laboratory bioassays were conducted to determine the effects of two carbamates, carbofuran (an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor) and fenoxycarb (a juvenile hormone analog), on survival and infectivity of the infective juveniles (ij) of steinernema feltiae umeå strain and steinernema carpocapsae all strain. both insecticides caused mortality of ij in a dose-related fashion. the two nematode species were equally sensitive to fenoxycarb (ld ca. 0.03mg/ml). whereas ij of s. feltiae were several orders ... | 1996 | 19277148 |
| isolation, characterization and complete nucleotide sequence of a galleria mellonella cdna coding for the follicle cell-specific yolk protein, yp4. | an ovariole-specific yolk polypeptide cdna from galleria mellonella was isolated from a cdna library constructed using vitellogenic ovariole poly (a)+ rna, by differential screening with the ovariole and day-0 male pupal poly (a)+ rna. the ov11 cdna hybridized to a 1.1 kb message from the ovariole but not from male pharate adults, ovariectomized pharate adults or day-5 last instar larvae. developmental northern analysis showed that this message is expressed only during vitellogenic stages. in si ... | 1996 | 8969466 |
| allatotropin released by the brain controls larval molting in galleria mellonella by affecting juvenile hormone synthesis. | monoclonal antibodies were raised against a protein fraction which was purified from larval brains of galleria mellonella and which was shown to stimulate the corpora allata to synthesize juvenile hormone in vivo as well as in vitro. immunoblot analysis revealed that one polypeptide band of 20 kda was specifically recognized. two pairs of median neurosecretory cells of the brain and the cells of the corpus cardiacum were demonstrated to be immunoreactive to the antibodies. our results sustain th ... | 1996 | 8735930 |
| influence of low temperature on the synthesis of some galleria mellonella proteins. | in developing galleria mellonella larvae (reared at 30 degrees c) three proteins of 74, 76 and 81/82 kda were identified. they represent a group of storage proteins (lhp proteins). in galleria larvae, the development of which is arrested by low temperature (18 degrees c), accumulation of the 74, 76 and 81/82 kda proteins was detected in the hemolymph. the synthesis of 74 kda and 76 kda proteins started after 24 h, and that of about 80 kda after 96 h following the transfer of larvae from 30 degre ... | 1996 | 9104500 |
| immunoaffinity purification of juvenile hormone-binding protein from galleria mellonella hemolymph. | previously described methods of purification of hemolymph juvenile hormone-binding protein (hjhbp) from lepidoptera were tedious and required multiple steps. these methods resulted in low protein yield (kramer et al., 1976; goodman et al., 1978; peterson et al., 1982; park et al., 1993; ozyhar & kochman, 1987). in this report a simple method of purification of hjhbp from galleria mellonella (l.) larvae is described. monoclonal antibodies against hjhbp were obtained and crosslinked to cnbr-activa ... | 1996 | 9104496 |
| the effect of temperature on infection, development and reproduction of heterorhabditids. | the effect of temperature on infection, development and reproduction of five heterorhabditis isolates was examined in galleria mellonella larvae. infectivity was examined at six temperatures (5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 degrees c). the proportion of galleria infected remained relatively constant, only dropping at extremes of the temperature range tested. however, the mean number of nematodes per host produced a different trend, with each isolate displaying optimal infectivity at 25 degrees c. the t ... | 1995 | 8583129 |
| extraction and characterization of the insecticidal toxin hirsutellin a produced by hirsutella thompsonii var. thompsonii. | hirsutellin a (hta) produced by hirsutella thompsonii var. thompsonii (strain jab-04) was extracted and purified using a combination of ion-exchange, gel-permeation, and immunoaffinity chromatography. the identity of the purified hta was confirmed by amino acid analysis and n-terminal sequencing. monoclonal antibodies prepared against hta were capable of detecting 25-50 ng of hta by direct sandwich elisa. in addition, utilizing western blot methods, the antibodies were shown to be specific to ht ... | 1995 | 8574903 |
| density-dependent effects on steinernema glaseri (nematoda: steinernematidae) within an insect host. | increasing densities of steinernema glaseri infective juveniles (ijs) in soil affected penetration efficiency and reproduction of the nematodes in larvae of the greater wax moth galleria mellonella. the penetration efficiency and the proportion of penetrated ijs developing to adults decreased significantly with increasing numbers of ijs present in the soil and entering the hosts, respectively. the number of progeny produced/host cadaver initially increased, with the highest production being betw ... | 1995 | 7472882 |
| separation of oviposition-stimulating peptides and myotropic factors from head extracts of galleria mellonella l.: comparative effects of myotropic and non-myotropic factors on egg laying. | methanolic extracts from heads of the wax moth, galleria mellonella l. contain several factors that stimulate oviposition of virgin females in vivo and spontaneous contractions of the oviduct in vitro of the cricket, gryllus bimaculatus. the myotropic and egg-laying activities behaved distinctly during all steps of purification, including fractionation on reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. a novel neuropeptide was isolated from galleria mellonella. the peptide does not increas ... | 1995 | 7622672 |
| fatty acid profiles of invertebrate iridescent viruses. | eight invertebrate iridescent viruses (ivs) from diverse host taxa were grown in a common lepidopteran host, galleria mellonella. the lipid composition of purified virus was assessed by fatty acid methyl esterase (fame) analysis using a gas-liquid chromatograph. iv fatty acid profiles were markedly different from those of the host tissues. the interrelationships among the ivs did not follow previous serological and genetic findings. we conclude that fame analysis is not a useful technique for re ... | 1995 | 7605209 |
| effects of eight brighteners as solar radiation protectants for steinernema carpocapsae, all strain. | seven commercially available blankophor fluorescent brighteners were compared with the standard tinopal lpw as solar radiation protectants for steinernema carpocapsae (all strain). blankophor bbh and tinopal lpw were the most successful uv screens, with 95% of the original nematode infectivity to larvae of the greater wax moth, galleria mellonella, retained after 4 hours of exposure to direct sunlight. the blankophor hrs and dml preserved 80 and 85% infectivity, and the p167 preserved 70% infect ... | 1994 | 19279965 |
| granular formulations of steinernema carpocapsae (strain all) (nematoda: rhabditida) with improved shelf life. | shelf life (nematode survival) of steinernema carpocapsae (strain all) nematodes at 21 c in "pesta" granules, made by a pasta-like process, was increased from 8 to 26 weeks by incorporating low concentrations of formaldehyde. pesta samples containing an average of 427,000 nematodes/g were prepared with wheat flour (semolina or bread flour), kaolin, bentonite, peat moss, nematode slurry, and formaldehyde (0-1.4% w/w) and were dried to a water content of 23.6-26.9%. nematodes emerged from pesta (s ... | 1994 | 19279903 |
| isolation, characterization and developmental expression of the ecdysteroid-induced e75 gene of the wax moth galleria mellonella. | using the cdna for the drosophila ecdysteroid-induced member of the steroid-hormone-receptor superfamily, e75a, we isolated a genomic clone from galleria mellonella that revealed 77% similarity with the region of e75a cdna encoding the c-terminal zinc-finger motif. a galleria cdna clone was isolated that encoded a complete dna-binding domain composed of two zinc fingers and designated gme75a. its deduced amino acid sequence showed 100% and 85% identities within the dna-binding and ligand-binding ... | 1994 | 8174547 |
| nucleotide sequence, structure and developmental regulation of lhp82, a juvenile hormone-suppressible hexamerin gene from the waxmoth, galleria mellonella. | we cloned and sequenced a composite cdna corresponding to the 2.6 kb last instar-specific, juvenile hormone-suppressible lhp82 mrna from galleria mellonella. the identity of the cdna was confirmed by n-terminal amino acid sequencing of the purified lhp82 subunit. in addition, we sequenced all coding regions and most of the intronic dna as well as 1300 nucleotides of 5' flanking dna from the lhp82 gene. the eight exons of the lhp82 gene specify a pre-protein of 706 residues, including the signal ... | 1994 | 8111425 |
| purification and characterization of a flavin-binding storage protein from the hemolymph of galleria mellonella. | the 85k storage protein that accumulates in the hemolymph of galleria mellonella during the final larval instar was isolated and purified from newly molted pupae. the separation of fresh hemolymph proteins from larvae or pupae by different chromatographic and electrophoretic procedures indicated the native protein had a m(r) of 170,000 and consisted of two identical 85k subunits. crosslinking experiments using fresh hemolymph followed by western blotting also indicated a dimeric structure for th ... | 1994 | 8292819 |
| simple in vivo production and storage methods for steinernema carpocapsae infective juveniles. | methods are described for standardized in vivo production, rapid harvest, and storage, in a concentrated form, of infective juveniles of the entomopathogenic nematode, steinernema carpocapsae mexican strain kapow selection. nematodes were stored in nematode wool configurations, consisting of mats of intertwined infective juveniles. freshly harvested nematodes are readily available in adequate quantities for laboratory and small-scale field evaluations as well as cottage industry production. | 1993 | 19279758 |
| interactions between nematodes and earthworms: enhanced dispersal of steinernema carpocapsae. | dispersal of the nematode steinernema carpocapsae (all strain), applied on the top or the bottom of soil columns, was tested in the presence or absence of two earthworm species, lumbricus terrestris or aporrectodea trapezoides. nematode dispersal was estimated after a 2-week period with a bioassay against the greater wax moth, galleria mellonella. vertical dispersal of nematodes was increased in the presence of earthworms. when nematodes were placed on the surface of soil columns, significantly ... | 1993 | 19279757 |
| brain factor from galleria mellonella (lepidoptera) stimulating silk gland activity. | brain extracts from day 1-4 last instar larvae of galleria mellonella (lepidoptera) stimulate rna synthesis in cultured silk glands from day 3 last instar larvae. when the fibroin-synthesizing posterior parts of silk glands were incubated for 3 h in vitro in the presence of brain extract (0.1 brain equivalent), [3h]-uridine incorporation into rna was stimulated more than twofold. the stimulating effect of brain extract showed a dose response relationship. it is suggested that the heat-resistant ... | 1992 | 1381321 |
| comparison of three methods for estimating the number of entomopathogenic nematodes present in soil samples. | numbers of steinernema sp. (cb2b) and s. carpocapsae (agriotos) exponentially declined after application into a clay loam soil. over a 35-day sampling period, steinernema sp. (cb2b) was more persistent than s. carpocapsae (agriotos). the presence or absence of the second-stage cuticle on the third-stage juveniles (j3) at the time of application did not alter the rate of population decline of steinernema sp. (cb2b). nearly all j3 of steinernema sp. (cb2b) and s. carpocapsae (agriotos) lost their ... | 1992 | 19283219 |
| conformational change of the haemolymph juvenile-hormone-binding protein from galleria mellonella (l). | a juvenile-hormone-binding protein (juvenile-hormone carrier), isolated from galleria mellonella haemolymph, was treated with trypsin, chymotrypsin, carboxypeptidase a and subtilisin. among these enzymes, only subtilisin was able to affect juvenile-hormone-binding activity of this protein. with sds/page it was shown that juvenile-hormone-binding protein, a 32-kda peptide, is first slowly converted into a 30-kda molecule, then into two or three smaller-molecular-mass species (20-25 kda), which in ... | 1991 | 1935932 |
| in vitro bioassay for the brain allatotropic hormone of galleria mellonella (lepidoptera). | an in vitro sensitive bioassay for the galleria mellonella brain allatotropic hormone (atth) was developed. this assay measures the rate of juvenile hormone (jh) synthesis in corpora cardiacacorpora allata complex (cc-ca) stimulated in vitro by atth released from the brain during short-term in vitro incubation, or by atth extracted from the tissue with methanol. cc-ca of the late vith instar (vi3) larvae were used for assessment of atth. the maximum activation of test cc-ca by atth occurred at a ... | 1991 | 1813322 |
| hydrolytic degradation of juvenile hormones in haemolymph and corpora allata of galleria mellonella (l). | hydrolytic rates of juvenile hormones (jhs) i, ii and iii by the corpora cardiaca-corpora allata complex (cc-ca) and by the haemolymph of galleria mellonella remain in the same order (iii greater than i greater than ii in cc-ca and i greater than iii greater than ii in haemolymph) throughout the last larval instar. haemolymph hydrolytic activity shows peak at the end of feeding when 80 pmol jh i versus 15 pmol jh ii is degraded per 1 microliter and minute; hydrolysis rapidly declines in the apol ... | 1991 | 1799112 |
| hormonal regulation of protein synthesis in the silk gland of galleria mellonella. | synthesis of the low molecular mass silk proteins of 24 and 30 kda in the last larval instar of galleria mellonella starts between 24 and 48 h; synthesis of the former protein significantly preceding that of the latter. posterior silk glands (psg) from day-1 last instar larvae are transiently sensitive in vitro to exogenous 20-hydroxyecdysone (20-he), which stimulates transcription of the 24 kda protein gene and induces transcription of the gene for the 30 kda protein. the glands from the day -3 ... | 1991 | 1796707 |
| influence of soil ph and oxygen on persistence of steinernema spp. | survival of infective juveniles of steinernema carpocapsae and steinernema glaseri gradually declined during 16 weeks of observation as the tested soil ph decreased from ph 8 to ph 4. survival of both species of steinernema dropped sharply after 1 week at ph 10. survival or s. carpocapsae and s. glaseri was similar at ph 4, 6, and 8 during the first 4 weeks, but s. carpocapsae survival was significantly greater than s. glaseri at ph 10 through 16 weeks. steinernema carpocapsae and s. glaseri tha ... | 1990 | 19287743 |
| implication of mitochondria in the replication of nodamura virus in larvae of the lepidoptera, galleria mellonella (l.) and in suckling mice. | the replication of nodamura virus, type species of the family nodaviridae, takes place principally into the interfibrillar spaces of the sarcoplasm in close association with mitochondria in the infected muscles of both g. mellonella and suckling mice. the most striking event in infection of g. mellonella muscle cells was the aggregation and shape modification of numerous mitochondria (elongation, interdigitation, and vesiculation) at an early stage of infection. these clusters of mitochondria we ... | 1990 | 2222183 |
| transposon mutagenesis of baculoviruses: analysis of tfp3 lepidopteran transposon insertions at the fp locus of nuclear polyhedrosis viruses. | we report the complete sequences of two representatives of the tfp3 transposable element family of the lepidopteran, trichoplusia ni. these elements were isolated as insertions mobilized from the lepidopteran host genome into two closely related nuclear polyhedrosis viruses (npv) during infection. both elements inserted within the 500-bp fp locus of the respective viral genomes (map units 36.0 to 37.0), causing a distinctive plaque morphology phenotype and the loss of a 25-kda viral-specific pro ... | 1989 | 2553540 |
| transposon mutagenesis of baculoviruses: analysis of trichoplusia ni transposon ifp2 insertions within the fp-locus of nuclear polyhedrosis viruses. | the transposable ifp2 element of trichoplusia ni was originally isolated as a host dna insertion in spontaneous fp mutants of galleria mellonella or autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis viruses (npvs). the termini of ifp2 insertions from five independently isolated fp mutants were sequenced. in all cases ifp2 is flanked by 13-bp terminal inverted repeats and has additional inverted repeats of 19 bp in length located asymmetrically with respect to the ends of the element. insertion of ifp2 ... | 1989 | 2549707 |
| cold-induced supernumerary moults of galleria mellonella larvae as bioassay for anti-juvenile hormone compounds. | | 2008 | 3213548 |
| the meisenheimer complex of glutathione and trinitrobenzene. a potent inhibitor of the glutathione s-transferase from galleria mellonella. | 1. the meisenheimer complex formed between reduced glutathione and 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene is characterised by an extinction coefficient at 470 nm of 20400 and by an association constant at ph 9.18 of 42 l.mol-1. 2. trinitrobenzene is a moderately good inhibitor of the glutathione s-transferase from larvae of the moth galleria mellonella. it acts by competition with the electrophilic substrate. at ph 7.4, it has a ki value of 10 microm. its mode of inhibition with respect to gsh appears to be non- ... | 1988 | 3342082 |
| role of hormones in starvation-induced delay in larval hemolymph protein gene expression in galleria mellonella. | developmental northern analysis of larval hemolymph protein gene transcripts in galleria mellonella showed that lhp76 is expressed all through the larval life, while lhp82 is expressed only during the last larval stadium. neither transcript was detectable in pharate adults and adult moths. in addition, these transcripts were not detectable during the first 48 h of the last larval stadium. experimental analyses of the effects of the nutritional state and the hormonal levels of the last instar lar ... | 1988 | 28305475 |
| preliminary characterization of toxins from the straw itch mite, pyemotes tritici, which induce paralysis in the larvae of a moth. | homogenates of whole mites (pyemotes tritici) paralyze larvae of the greater wax moth galleria mellonella. injection of these homogenates into larvae produces symptoms identical to those obtained by bites from female mites. since the paralytic activity is destroyed by heat and proteolytic enzymes and retained during dialysis, the toxic compounds appear to be proteins. two protein fractions which differ both in molecular weight and toxicity were found following gel filtration of whole mite extrac ... | 1988 | 3363564 |
| developmental regulation of the larval hemolymph protein genes in galleria mellonella. | the role of juvenile hormone (jh) and 20-hydroxyecdysone (20-he) in the stage-specific expression of the larval hemolymph protein (lhp) genes, lhp82 and lhp76, was investigated in the waxmoth, galleria mellonella, larvae. northern blot and dot hybridization analyses of total rna in larvae that were undergoing an extralarval molt, induced either by cold shock or by application of jh to day-0 last instar larvae, showed that the last instar-specific lhp82 transcripts were not present during this mo ... | 1987 | 28305389 |
| escape of steinernema feltiae from alginate capsules containing tomato seeds. | the entomogenous nematode steinernema feltiae was encapsulated in an alginate matrix containing a tomato seed. when these capsules were placed on 0.8% agar for 7 days, the seed germinated and ca. 20% of the nematodes escaped from the capsules, whereas only 0.1% escaped from capsules without seeds. when capsules containing nematodes and a seed were planted into sterilized or nonsterilized soil, nematodes escaped to infect galleria mellonella larvae. when seed in capsules containing ca. 274 nemato ... | 1987 | 19290145 |
| juvenile-hormone-binding protein from the hemolymph of galleria mellonella (l). isolation and characterization. | a juvenile-hormone-binding protein (jhbp) has been isolated from galleria mellonella hemolymph by gel filtration, phosphocellulose chromatography, and by chromatofocusing. the isolated protein is homogeneous as judged by column chromatography and gel electrophoresis in the presence and absence of denaturing agent. it has a relative molecular mass of 32,000, stokes radius 2.4 nm, sedimentation coefficient of 2.3 s, molar absorption coefficient at 280 nm epsilon = 2.34 x 10(4) m-1 cm-1, and is com ... | 1987 | 3830162 |
| steinernema feltiae (dd-136) and s. glaseri: persistence in soil and bark compost and their influence on native nematodes. | infective juveniles (j3) of the entomogenous nematodes steinernema feltiae dd-136 (ca. 10,000 j3/100 ml) and s. glaseri (ca. 2,500 j3/100 ml) were incubated in steam-sterilized and nonsterilized sandy soil and bark compost for 8 weeks at 25 c. the nematodes were recovered by a two-step extraction procedure at 1-week intervals, and their infectivity to lepidopterous larvae (spodoptera litura and galleria mellonella) and their effect on the population and community of native nematodes in soil were ... | 1986 | 19294183 |
| suppression of high-affinity ligand binding to the major glutathione s-transferase from galleria mellonella by physiological concentrations of glutathione. | the major glutathione s-transferase from larvae of galleria mellonella binds a number of synthetic triphenylmethane dyes with dissociation constants of the order of 10(-6) m or less. the organ distribution of the enzyme activity does not parallel the uptake of such dyes by the insect's organs in vivo. the affinity of the protein for such dyes is decreased by about an order of magnitude by the presence of glutathione in normal physiological concentration. this appears to be the cause of this prot ... | 1986 | 3954738 |
| [characteristics of nuclear dna of a lepidoptera, the great wax moth galleria mellonella, using reassociation kinetics]. | reassociation kinetics of great wax moth--galleria mellonella nuclear dna short fragments was studied within the c0t values of 0.02 and 10(4). the least squares analysis of the experimental curve obtained revealed two components with c0t1/2 = 0.72 and c0t1/2 = 750 appropriately. the fraction of the component with c0t1/2 = 0.72 in the genome of great wax moth is 22% and that of the other one is 61%. there is also a rapid component which renatured at the c0t values less then 0,02. the fraction of ... | 2006 | 4033638 |
| heterorhabditis sp. (nematoda: heterorhabditidae): a nematode parasite isolated from the banded cucumber beetle diabrotica balteata. | a nematode identified as heterorhabditis sp. was discovered in june 1982 in larval cadavers of the banded cucumber beetle, diabrotica balteata, in soil on wooded land. effective beetle control (over 95%) was obtained when larvae were exposed to potted soil containing infective stage nematode juveniles or infected larval cadavers. the nematode was propagated in vivo on larvae of d. balteata, diaphania nitidalis (the pickleworm), and galleria mellonella (the greater wax moth). this heterorhabditis ... | 1985 | 19294074 |
| annual changes in the greater wax moth (galleria mellonella l.) development and sensitivity to juvenilizing treatments. | the greater wax moth (galleria mellonella l.) larvae reared in constant conditions showed endogenous annual changes in the sensitivity to juvenilizing treatments, i.e. cooling and jha administration. also control, untreated larvae showed annual changes in normal development. the number of spontaneously appearing extra-larval molts, the number of animals entering the state of permanent larva, as well as the sex-ratio in galleria population changes with respect to the season of the year. the possi ... | 1985 | 3870854 |
| ultrastructural alterations of the egg chambers of galleria mellonella l. (lepidoptera) developing after reserpine administration. | in the egg chambers of the wax moth galleria mellonella l., developing after application of reserpine, a multilayered epithelium was observed through all the developmental stages. this epithelium consisted of "light" cells loaded with intracellular organelles. no "dark" cells, characteristic of the control material, were observed. all cells of the egg chambers of reserpine-treated insects were characterized mostly by an abundance of microtubules, strong vacuolation of cytoplasm, and dilation of ... | 1985 | 2938376 |
| prophenoloxidase activation: nonself recognition and cell cooperation in insect immunity. | the mechanism of nonself recognition by the immune system of insects is unknown. in this report the activation of the prophenoloxidase system in the wax moth galleria mellonella by a microbial product is shown to enhance the recognition of nonself material. these results explain previous observations of the interaction of two different blood cell populations in the cellular defense reactions of insects. | 1984 | 17821514 |
| changes in ecdysteroid and juvenile hormone titers in the hemolymph of galleria mellonella larvae and pupae. | the variations in circulating ecdysteroids and juvenile hormones (jh) in galleria, from the end of the antepenultimate larval stage until emergence of adults, have been determined. the two hormonal families were extracted separately from the same hemolymph sample and quantified by two radioimmunoassays. juvenile hormone ria activity was about 35 nm in larvae of the antepenultimate and penultimate stages. it dropped before each molt and increased thereafter. moreover, it gradually decreased durin ... | 1984 | 6510685 |
| calcium binding sites in the insect polytrophic egg vesicles as possible markers of the route of inflow of calcium. | calcium binding sites were revealed in the polytropic egg vesicles of galleria mellonella (lepidoptera) by fixation of the ovariole with glutaraldehyde in the presence of excess of calcium. calcium dependent deposits appeared in the mitochondrial matrix in cells of the epithelial sheath and of the follicular epithelium. the deposits were also seen in the extracellular space around the follicular epithelial cells and around the trophocytes , at the oolemma, and in the coated vesicles of the oocyt ... | 1984 | 6735280 |
| the synthesis of rna and silk protein in galleria mellonella silk glands. | the silk protein synthesis in silk glands of galleria mellonella is preceded by the increase of total rna content. the levels of the main rna classes: 28s and 18s rrna, trna as well as poly(a) + rna change proportionally to the total rna pool of glands. the fibroin-like silk protein of molecular weight of about 240 000 is characterized by the high content of four amino acids: glycine, alanine, serine and leucine, which account for more than 70% of amino acid residues. this fibroin-like protein i ... | 1984 | 6720190 |
| influence of biologically active substances isolated from galleria mellonella on neurons of lymnaea stagnalis in culture. | a procedure for isolating biologically active substances from galleria mellonella using a culture of isolated giant neurons of mollusc lymnaea stagnalis as a test-system is described. fractions capable of activating neurites and inhibiting aggregation of neuronal cells within a range of concentrations from 1 to 30 micrograms/ml were isolated. the fractions obtained have in their chemical composition about 10.5% n, also contain p and s. they have a carbohydrate component. | 1984 | 6146471 |
| acquisition of host cell dna sequences by baculoviruses: relationship between host dna insertions and fp mutants of autographa californica and galleria mellonella nuclear polyhedrosis viruses. | mutants of autographa californica and galleria mellonella nuclear polyhedrosis viruses, which produce an altered plaque phenotype as a result of reduced numbers of viral occlusions in infected cells, were isolated after passage in trichoplusia ni (tn-368) cells. these mutants, termed fp (few-polyhedra) mutants, had acquired cell dna sequences ranging from 0.8 to 2.8 kilobase pairs in size. the insertions of cell dna occurred in a specific region between 35.0 and 37.7 map units of the a. californ ... | 1983 | 16789244 |
| observations on the cytochemistry of the hemocytes of an insect, galleria mellonella. | a number of cytochemical parameters of the hemocytes of larval galleria mellonella, an insect frequently used as a model by comparative cellular immunologists, are described. cytochemical methods were used to quantify hemocyte granule-associated components, the results are compared to those obtained for leukocytes from higher animals. granulocytes contained a population of nonlysosomal granules rich in mucopolysaccharide not seen in plasmatocytes. the numbers and dimensions of these granules sho ... | 1983 | 6188780 |
| heterorhabditis spp., neoaplectana spp., and steinernema kraussei: interspecific and intraspecific differences in infectivity for insects. | the effectiveness of various dosages of different species/strains of nematodes was compared for galleria mellonella and various pest insects that live in or pupate in soil. neoaplectana feltiae (= carpocapsae), the only nematode species tested by most other workers, was never the most infective for any of the insect species tested and was least infective for two. all species/strains of nematode were able to kill insects of each species. the degree of infectivity of each of the nematode species/s ... | 1983 | 6832283 |
| ultrastructural and immunocytochemical investigation of ecdysteroid secretion by the prothoracic gland of the waxmoth galleria mellonella. | the formation and secretion of ecdysteroid by the prothoracic gland cells of galleria mellonella (insecta, lepidoptera) were investigated electron microscopically and immunocytochemically. the moulting hormone ecdysone becomes first evident in vesicles and tubules of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ser). the ser forms secretory granules in which ecdysone was shown immunocytochemically. the golgi apparatus seems not to be directly involved in ecdysone secretion. the secretory granules are relea ... | 1983 | 6850754 |
| juvenoids cause some insects to form composite cuticles. | metamorphosing insects treated with juvenoids may secrete composite cuticles which combine morphological features of two metamorphic stages within the area secreted by an individual epidermal cell. characters found combined were pigmentation, tanning, surface sculpturing, and microtrichiae. neighbouring cells frequently form different types of cuticle. composite cuticles should not be confused with the more common mosaic cuticles, which are composed of discrete areas with different stage-specifi ... | 1982 | 7153697 |
| [a non-damaging procedure for dna isolation from insect cell nuclei]. | a gentle procedure is described for dna isolation from galleria mellonella cell nuclei. nuclei lysis was performed by sds in final concentration of 3% which was followed by dna extraction from chromatin by a stepwise rise of nacl concentration up to 2.5 m. after removal of nuclei insoluble components by centrifugation the native dna was purified using the hydroxyapatite column. the method proposed provides a higher yield of the native dna as compared with the phenol-detergent method. | 2015 | 7101477 |
| stimulation of rna transcription by juvenile hormone in degenerating silk glands. | rna transcription in the silk glands of the wax moth, galleria mellonella, decreases during cocoon spinning and particularly later in pharate pupae, when the glands begin to degenerate. application of juvenile hormone to insects at those developmental stages enhances synthesis of polyadenylated rna 4-6 times and to lesser extent synthesis of total rna. the newly formed poly(a)rna appears identical with that from the normally fully functioning and silk-producing glands: it contains the same predo ... | 1982 | 6176479 |
| [dynamics of egg maturation in the parasitoid lixophaga diatraeae (diptera, tachinidae) raised in a substitute host, galleria mellonella (lepidoptera, pyralidae)]. | the content of the uterus and ovaries of l. diatraeae (an ovolarviparous tachinid fly) was studied by dissecting 121 females 0 to 25 days old. several size classes of flies (p: small; m: medium; g: big) were used, weighing 10 to 12.5 mg, 12.5 to 13.5 mg, and 13.5 to 16 mg, respectively. the mean number of ovarioles per ovary, correlated to female size, was 12.1 for p as against 12.9 for m + g females. the total mean number of eggs and oocytes changed with female age and weight. for 0, 5, 10 and ... | 1982 | 7156496 |
| new insecticidal cyclodepsipeptides from the fungus isaria felina. i. production, isolation and insecticidal properties of isariins b, c and d. | three new cyclodepsipeptides related to the previously described isariin were isolated from a strain of isaria felina. they were named isariins b, c and d. isariin d and, to a lesser extent, isariin c, exhibited insecticidal activity against galleria mellonella larvae, whereas isariin b and isariin itself proved inactive. | 1981 | 7198111 |
| dispersal and infectivity of the entomogenous nematode, neoaplectana carpocapsae weiser (rhabditida: steinernematidae), in sand. | laboratory tests determined the lateral and vertical dispersal patterns of neoaplectana carpocapsae in sand. in the vertical tests, placement of infective juveniles 15 cm below the sand's surface resulted in the majority (77%) being recovered above the point of placement after 48 h. placement of the nematodes on the sand's surface resulted in the majority (90.4%) remaining within 1 cm of the sand's surface. placement of nematodes at depths of 2.5 cm and 5.0 cm below the sand's surface also resul ... | 1981 | 19300766 |
| ultrastructural study of the postembryonic development of the neural lamella of galleria mellonella l. (lepidoptera). | the neural lamella encapsulating the brain of the wax moth galleria mellonella develops from a very thin (80-120 nm) layer in the first larval instar, resembling the basal lamina, to a thick (1-4 micrometer) sheath composed of two zones in the seventh (last) instar. after its breakdown at the time of larval-pupal ecdysis the neural lamella is reconstructed in the pupa, 2-3 days before pupal-adult ecdysis. the cells of the perineurium seem to be responsible for the formation of the neural lamella ... | 1981 | 7237538 |
| effect of disulfiram on the ultrastructure of the peptidergic and aminergic cells in the pars intercerebralis of galleria mellonella (lepidoptera). | injection of disulfiram, a specific inhibitor of noradrenaline synthesis, evokes changes in two different types of neurons in the brain of galleria mellonella: neurones containing dense-core vesicles (60-80 nm) and peptidergic cells containing 180-200 nm neurosecretory granules. the lowering of the electron density of the dense-core vesicles of 60-80 nm seems to be directly connected with disulfiram administration, while the decrease of the amount of neurosecretory material in the neurosecretory ... | 1981 | 7214484 |
| ultrastructural study on the innervation of prothoracic glands in galleria mellonella. | | 1980 | 7409448 |
| graded inhibition of cell disintegration of juvenile hormone. | the proventriculus of galleria mellonella larvae consists of 260-300 polyploid cells. the cells grow throughout larval development and at each ecdysis produce a new cuticular lining of the proventriculus. each cell secretes a large sclerotized plaque covered with thorns. at the end of the last larval instar, the cells disintegrate unless the larvae is treated with juvenile hormone or implanted with active corpora allata. depending on the time of treatment and the hormone dose, these insects pres ... | 1980 | 7379132 |
| biology, life cycle and redescription of, neoaplectana bibionis bovien, 1937 (nematoda: steinernematidae). | a greater knowledge of the morphology and the development of the infective third larval stage of neoaplectana bibionis bovien, 1937, a parasite of arthropods, makes it possible to recognise the second larval stage and present a description of all the developmental stages in the life cycle of the species. four larval stages can be recognised. l1 hatches from the egg. in a suitable host, when the population density is low, it develops directly into l4. when the population density is high, it devel ... | 1980 | 19300673 |
| segmental gradients specifying polarity and pattern in the wax moth, galleria mellonella: the posterior margin as the source of a diffusible morphogen. | | 1980 | 7350014 |
| tests with inactivated cricket paralysis virus as a possible immunogen against a virus infection of galleria mellonella larvae. | the antibody-binding capacity of cricket paralysis virus was only slightly reduced by inactivation with heat or formaldehyde. however, galleria mellonella larvae vaccinated with such inactivated cricket paralysis virus preparations and subsequently challenged with live homologous virus were not protected. | 1980 | 7203971 |
| calcium content and distribution in egg vesicles of galleria mellonella (lepidoptera) as determined by x-ray microanalysis. | in egg vesicles of galleria mellonella (lepidoptera) electron microprobe analysis reveals calcium in concentrations of 9 and 3 mmoles per 1,000 g tissue wet weight in oocyters and accompanying trophic cells, respectively. this high average level of calcium characterizes both pre- and postvitellogenic oocytes, but the distribution of calcium is not uniform. in postvitellogenic vesicles the central area of the ooplasm shows a higher content of ca than peripheral one, what may be correlated with th ... | 1980 | 7190558 |
| effect of reserpine on the larval-pupal moult of the wax moth galleria mellonella l. (lepidoptera). | significant retardation of g. mellonella development was induced by reserpine injected to the last instar larvae in doses having a long-lasting effect on the neurosecretory system. | 1979 | 510494 |
| electron microscopical-immunocytochemical evidence of ecdysteroids in the prothoracic gland of galleria mellonella. | fixation of prothoracic glands of galleria mellonella with a solution containing saponin permits immunocytochemical staining of the entire gland. by this means ecdysteroids were demonstrated electron microscopically to be present in the hyaloplasm and microtubules. | 1979 | 385145 |
| an ultrastructural and cytochemical study of the interaction between latex particles and the haemocytes of the wax moth galleria mellonella in vitro. | the plasmatocytes are the major phagocytic blood-cell type in the haemolymph of the wax-moth, galleria mellonella. in the present study, these cells were allowed to attach to tissue culture dishes for 1 h, rinsed and then incubated with latex beads for up to 72 h. these cells were then fixed for routine transmission electron microscopy and acid phosphatase cytochemistry. intracellular latex particles were found in tight, ill-defined phagosomes, which were often clearly associated with the golgi ... | 1979 | 466691 |
| comparative levels of lysozyme activity in larvae and pupae of galleria mellonella after particulate and soluble materials injection. | using an assay system for lysozyme activity determination in which haemolymph was compared in activity to known standards, the quantitative shifts in the lysozyme activity level of larvae and pupae of galleria mellonella, after particulate and soluble materials injection, were compared. the level of this activity in all injected larvae was higher fro that of pupae, but the immune response of pupae was more effective in all treatments when compared with activity in the non-injected controls. furt ... | 1979 | 552308 |
| ultrastructural changes in the ovaries of the wax moth, galleria mellonella l. (lepidoptera), after treatment with reserpine. | | 1979 | 546096 |
| the neural lamella of the wax moth galleria mellonella l. (lepidoptera) brain. | | 1979 | 546092 |
| [improved methods for the mass breeding of greater wax moth larvae (galleria mellonella l.)]. | | 1979 | 516927 |