| boophilus microplus cathepsin l-like (bmcl1) cysteine protease: specificity study using a peptide phage display library. | the tick rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus is one of the most important bovine ectoparasites, a disease vector responsible for losses in meat and milk productions. a cysteine protease similar to cathepsin l, named bmcl1, was previously identified in r. microplus gut, suggesting a role of the enzyme in meal digestion. in this work, bmcl1 was successfully expressed in pichia pastoris system, yielding 54.8mg/l of culture and its activity was analyzed by synthetic substrates and against a r. micro ... | 2011 | 21536386 |
| in vitro acaricidal activity of neem (azadirachta indica) seed extracts with known azadirachtin concentrations against rhipicephalus microplus. | the effect of four extracts from neem seeds (azadirachta indica) containing 2000, 5000, 9000 and 10,000ppm of azadirachtin a (aza), quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography (hplc) and diluted to 1.25%; 2.5%; 5.0%; 10.0% and 12.8% was verified by in vitro tests with engorged females and larvae of the cattle tick rhipicephalus microplus. the results from the bioassays with the engorged females showed that the main toxic effect of the extracts was reduction of the reproductive parameter ... | 2011 | 21536387 |
| a calcium bioluminescence assay for functional analysis of mosquito (<em>aedes aegypti</em>) and tick (<em>rhipicephalus microplus</em>) g protein-coupled receptors. | arthropod hormone receptors are potential targets for novel pesticides as they regulate many essential physiological and behavioral processes. the majority of them belong to the superfamily of g protein-coupled receptors (gpcrs). we have focused on characterizing arthropod kinin receptors from the tick and mosquito. arthropod kinins are multifunctional neuropeptides with myotropic, diuretic, and neurotransmitter function. here, a method for systematic analyses of structure-activity relationships ... | 2011 | 21540818 |
| evaluation of the efficacy of acaricides used to control the cattle tick, rhipicephalus microplus, in dairy herds raised in the brazilian southwestern amazon. | the adult immersion test (ait) was used to evaluate the efficacy of acaricide molecules used for control of rhipicephalus microplus on 106 populations collected in five municipalities in the state of rondônia in the brazilian south occidental amazon region. the analysis of the data showed that the acaricide formulations had different efficacies on the tick populations surveyed. the synthetic pyrethroids (sps) acaricides were the least effective (48.35-76.84%), followed by sp + organophosphate (o ... | 2011 | 21547224 |
| evolution of acaricide resistance: phenotypic and genotypic changes in field populations of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus in response to pyrethroid selection pressure. | there have been few, if any, studies of arthropod field populations quantifying the kinetics of evolution of phenotypic and genotypic resistance to chemicals in response to the presence or absence of selection pressure. a prospective intervention study was undertaken over 2years in mexico to measure changes in resistance phenotype and genotype in the presence or absence of pyrethroid selection pressure on field populations of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus ticks on 11 farms with varying deg ... | 2011 | 21570981 |
| effect of metarhizium anisopliae fungus on off-host rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus from tick-infested pasture under cattle grazing in brazil. | this work aimed to assess the effect of the fungus metarhizium anisopliae on off-host rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus from tick-infested brachiaria decumbens pasture undergoing cattle grazing. for this purpose a naturally tick-infested brachiaria decumbens pasture of 60m×100m with twelve grazing holstein friesian-nelore (bos indicus) cross breed bovines was sprayed 12 times, 21 days apart with an aqueous conidial suspension of the e9 isolate of m. anisopliae fungus. control pasture was treat ... | 2011 | 21571437 |
| enhancing the stress tolerance and virulence of an entomopathogen by metabolic engineering dhn-melanin biosynthesis genes. | entomopathogenic fungi have been used for biocontrol of insect pests for many decades. however, the efficacy of such fungi in field trials is often inconsistent, mainly due to environmental stresses, such as ultraviolet radiation, temperature extremes, and desiccation. to circumvent these hurdles, metabolic engineering of dhn-melanin biosynthetic genes (polyketide synthase, scytalone dehydratase, and 1,3,8-trihydroxynaphthalene reductase) cloned from alternaria alternata were transformed into th ... | 2011 | 21571888 |
| effect of water flooding on the oviposition capacity of engorged adult females and hatchability of eggs of dog ticks: rhipicephalus sanguineus and haemaphysalis leachi leachi. | effects of water flooding on the oviposition capacity of engorged adult females and hatchability of eggs of rhipicephalus sanguineus and haemaphysalis leachi leachi under laboratory conditions were investigated. the durations of time of water flooding were 1, 2, 4, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 hours. engorged females of r. sanguineus and h. leachi leachi did not oviposit after being flooded for more than 48 and 6 hours, respectively. the preoviposition periods of both species were longer than ... | 2011 | 21584237 |
| a snapshot of the ixodes scapularis degradome. | parasitic encoded proteases are essential to regulating interactions between parasites and their hosts and thus they represent attractive anti-parasitic druggable and/or vaccine target. we have utilized annotations of ixodes scapularis proteases in gene bank and version 9.3 merops database to compile an index of at least 233 putatively active and 150 putatively inactive protease enzymes that are encoded by the i. scapularis genome. the 233 putatively active protease homologs hereafter referred t ... | 2011 | 21596113 |
| diazinon resistant status in rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus collected from different agro-climatic regions of india. | the resistance status of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus to "diazinon" was evaluated in 20 locations situated at various agro-climatic regions of india. adult immersion test (ait) was optimized using laboratory reared acaricide susceptible ivri-i strain of r. (b.) microplus and minimum effective concentration of diazinon was determined as 635.2ppm. the discriminating dose (dd) was worked out as 1270.4ppm and was tested on female ticks collected from organized and unorganized farms located at ... | 2011 | 21600695 |
| tick-borne bacteria in free-living jaguars (panthera onca) in pantanal, brazil. | abstract tick-borne bacteria were investigated in 10 free-living jaguars and their ticks in the pantanal biome, brazil. jaguar sera were tested by indirect fluorescent antibody assays using rickettsia rickettsii, rickettsia parkeri, rickettsia amblyommii, rickettsia rhipicephali, rickettsia felis, rickettsia bellii, ehrlichia canis, and coxiella burnetii as crude antigens. all 10 jaguar sera reacted (titer ≥64) to at least one rickettsia species; 4 and 3 sera reacted with e. canis and c. burneti ... | 2011 | 21612532 |
| rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus embryo proteins as target for tick vaccine. | rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus is one of the most widely distributed tick in the world. the control of the parasite is based mainly on the use of chemical acaricides, which are produced from a limited set of molecules. these drugs induce selection of acaricide-resistant ticks, and are an important source of environmental pollution. an approach based on anti-tick vaccines may circumvent these obstacles. characterization of the physiological function of tick molecules may be useful to develop ... | 2011 | 21620488 |
| evaluation of reference genes for real-time pcr studies of brazilian somalis sheep infected by gastrointestinal nematodes. | precise normalization with reference genes is necessary, in order to obtain reliable relative expression data in response to gastrointestinal nematode infection. by using sheep from temperate regions as models, three reference genes, viz., ribosomal protein lo (rplo), glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gapdh) and succinate dehydrogenase complex subunit a (sdha), were investigated in the abomasum, abomasal lymph nodes and small intestine of brazilian somalis sheep, either resistant or susc ... | 2010 | 21637421 |
| cysteine proteases from bloodfeeding arthropod ectoparasites. | cysteine proteases have been discovered in various bloodfeeding ectoparasites. here, we assemble the available information about the function of these peptidases and reveal their role in hematophagy and parasite development. while most of the data shed light on key proteolytic events that play a role in arthropod physiology, we also report on the association of cysteine proteases with arthropod vectorial capacity. with emphasis on ticks, specifically ixodes ricinus, we finally propose a model ab ... | 2011 | 21660665 |
| [identification of haemaphysalis longicornis and rhipicephalus microplus]. | to establish a method combined morphology and molecular marker for identifying haemaphysalis longicornis and rhipicephalus microplus. | 2011 | 21781482 |
| generation, analysis and functional annotation of expressed sequence tags from the ectoparasitic mite psoroptes ovis. | abstract: background: sheep scab is caused by psoroptes ovis and is arguably the most important ectoparasitic disease affecting sheep in the uk. the disease is highly contagious and causes and considerable pruritis and irritation and is therefore a major welfare concern. current methods of treatment are unsustainable and in order to elucidate novel methods of disease control a more comprehensive understanding of the parasite is required. to date, no full genomic dna sequence or large scale trans ... | 2011 | 21781297 |
| enhancing the acaricide effect of thymol on larvae of the cattle tick rhipicephalus microplus (acari: ixodidae) by solubilization in ethanol. | the aim of the present work was to propose a new method of solubilizing thymol for use as an acaricide and to evaluate the resulting product's efficacy on rhipicephalus microplus larvae. two experiments were performed, both employing the larval packet test to evaluate the potential of the solutions formulated. in the first experiment, r. microplus larvae were exposed to three new formulations: formulation 1-distilled water (70%) + ethanol (30%) + thymol (10.0 mg/ml); formulation 2-distilled wate ... | 2011 | 21779863 |
| the complexity of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus genome characterised through detailed analysis of two bac clones. | abstract: background: rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus (rmi) a major cattle ectoparasite and tick borne disease vector, impacts on animal welfare and industry productivity. in arthropod research there is an absence of a complete chelicerate genome, which includes ticks, mites, spiders, scorpions and crustaceans. model arthropod genomes such as drosophila and anopheles are too taxonomically distant for a reference in tick genomic sequence analysis. this study focuses on the de-novo assembly of ... | 2011 | 21777481 |
| a campaign to eradicate bovine babesiosis from new caledonia. | in december 2007, babesia bovis was introduced to new caledonia through the importation of cattle that had been vaccinated with a live tick fever (babesiosis and anaplasmosis) vaccine. although the tick rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus is common in new caledonia, the territory had previously been free of tick-borne diseases of cattle. this paper describes the initial extent of the outbreak, the measures and rationale for disease control, and the progress to date of the eradication campaign. i ... | 2011 | 21771538 |
| acaricidal activity of the essential oil from tetradenia riparia (lamiaceae) on the cattle tick rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus (acari; ixodidae). | tetradenia riparia (lamiaceae) is a well-known herbal medicine with a variety of useful properties, including its acaricidal effect. this experiment was carried out to study the bioacaricidal activity of t. riparia essential oil (eo) against engorged females of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus (acari; ixodidae). for this purpose, nine serial concentrations (12.50%, 6.25%, 3.75%, 1.80%, 0.90%, 0.45%, 0.22%, 0.11%, and 0.056% w/v) of t. riparia were used for the adult immersion test (ait). for ... | 2011 | 21762693 |
| detection of bacteria related to candidatus midichloria mitochondrii in tick cell lines. | many ticks have been shown to be infected with intracellular bacteria. one of these bacteria is candidatus midichloria mitochondrii which is the only characterized bacterium that has the ability to invade the mitochondria within ovarian cells and consume them without any effect on the female tick's reproduction. in the present study, eight cell lines derived from the ticks ixodes ricinus, ixodes scapularis, rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus, and rhipicephalus (boophilus) decoloratus were exami ... | 2011 | 21748354 |
| a mitochondrial membrane exopolyphosphatase is modulated by, and plays a role in, the energy metabolism of hard tick rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus embryos. | the physiological roles of polyphosphates (polyp) recently found in arthropod mitochondria remain obscure. here, the relationship between the mitochondrial membrane exopolyphosphatase (ppx) and the energy metabolism of hard tick rhipicephalus microplus embryos are investigated. mitochondrial respiration was activated by adenosine diphosphate using polyp as the only source of inorganic phosphate (p(i)) and this activation was much greater using polyp(3) than polyp(15). after mitochondrial subfrac ... | 2011 | 21747692 |
| in vitro efficacy of plant extracts and synthesized substances on rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus (acari: ixodidae). | herbal drugs have been widely evaluated as an alternative method of parasite control, aiming to slow development of resistance and obtain low-cost biodegradable parasiticides. this study evaluated the in vitro efficacy on rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus of extracts from carapa guianensis seed oil, cymbopogon martinii and cymbopogon schoenanthus leaf essential oil, and piper tuberculatum leaf crude extract and similar synthesized substances. in the immersion test, engorged females were evalua ... | 2011 | 21695568 |
| first report of a rhipicephalus microplus tick population multi-resistant to acaricides and ivermectin in the mexican tropics. | we document the presence of a rhipicephalus microplus tick population resistant to acaricides (organophosphates (op), synthetic pyrethroids (sp), amitraz) and macrocyclic lactones (ml) (ivermectin). engorged females of r. microplus were collected from a cattle farm in veracruz, mexico, to evaluate acaricide and ivermectin resistance. the modified larval packet test (lpt) was used to detect op (chlorpiriphos and diazinon) and sp (flumethrin, deltamethrin and cypermethrin) resistance and the larva ... | 2011 | 21824728 |
| perspectives for the use of plant extracts to control the cattle tick rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus. | the evolution of resistance of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus to synthetic acaricides has given rise to the need for new scientific investigations on alternative ways to control this tick. in this regard, various studies on plants have been developed in an attempt to find extracts with acaricidal properties. evaluations on plant extracts for controlling r. (b.) microplus have grown intensely over the last decade. there are many advantages from using plant extracts: for example, they can be ... | 2011 | 21722481 |
| acaricide resistance of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus in state of mato grosso do sul, brazil. | this study was conducted to obtain an epidemiological view of acaricide resistance in populations of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus in the state of mato grosso do sul. twenty-four tick samples were collected from municipalities in the state where farmers had reported concerns about resistance to or failure of tick control. these ticks were subjected to in vitro resistance detection assays using the adult immersion test (ait). the efficacy of alpha-cypermethrin, cypermethrin and amitraz trea ... | 2011 | 21722487 |
| molecular characterization of novel sulfotransferases from the tick, ixodes scapularis. | ixodes scapularis, commonly known as the blacklegged or deer tick, is the main vector of lyme disease in the united states. recent progress in transcriptome research has uncovered hundreds of different proteins expressed in the salivary glands of hard ticks, the majority of which have no known function, and include many novel protein families. we recently identified transcripts coding for two putative cytosolic sulfotransferases in these ticks which recognized phenolic monoamines as their substr ... | 2011 | 21708020 |
| strategic control of cattle ticks: milk producers' perceptions. | in order to evaluate milk producers' knowledge about tests on tick sensitivity to acaricides, efficiency tests and strategic control, questionnaires were delivered to 670 producers. from these, 163 responses were received. these producers had sent ingurgitated female ticks to be subjected to tests on tick sensitivity to acaricides at embrapa between 2001 and 2005. most of the completed questionnaires came from the state of minas gerais, brazil. after descriptive analysis and correlation of varia ... | 2011 | 21722490 |
| isolation and characterisation of acaricidal and larvicidal novel compound (2s,5r,6r)-2-hydroxy-3,5,6-trimethyloctan-4-one from streptomyces sp. against blood-sucking parasites. | the aim of the present study was to assess the acaricidal and larvicidal property of marine actinobacterial compound (2s,5r,6r)-2-hydroxy-3,5,6-trimethyloctan-4-one extracted and isolated from streptomyces sp. vitddk3 tested against the larvae of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus canestrini (acari: ixodidae), anopheles subpictus grassi and culex quinquefasciatus say (diptera: culicidae). the isolate was taxonomically characterised, identified and designated as streptomyces sp. vitddk3. the cru ... | 2011 | 21698506 |
| evolutionary conserved micrornas are ubiquitously expressed compared to tick-specific mirnas in the cattle tick rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus. | micrornas (mirnas) are small non-coding rnas that act as regulators of gene expression in eukaryotes modulating a large diversity of biological processes. the discovery of mirnas has provided new opportunities to understand the biology of a number of species. the cattle tick, rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus, causes significant economic losses in cattle production worldwide and this drives us to further understand their biology so that effective control measures can be developed. to be able t ... | 2011 | 21699734 |
| attenuation of virulence in an apicomplexan hemoparasite results in reduced genome diversity at the population level. | abstract: | 2011 | 21838895 |
| gene expression evidence for off-target effects caused by rna interference-mediated gene silencing of ubiquitin-63e in the cattle tick rhipicephalus microplus. | knowledge of cattle tick (rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus; acari: ixodidae) molecular and cellular pathways has been hampered by the lack of an annotated genome. in addition, most of the tick expressed sequence tags (ests) available to date consist of ôê+50% unassigned sequences without predicted functions. the most common approach to address this has been the application of rna interference (rnai) methods to investigate genes and their pathways. this approach has been widely adopted in tick ... | 2011 | 21712043 |
| an elisa to detect serum antibodies to the salivary gland toxin of ixodes holocyclus neumann in dogs and rodents. | the ixodes holocyclus tick causes paralysis in up to 10,000 companion and domestic animals each year in australia. treatment requires the removal of the parasite and the administration of a commercial tick antiserum that is prepared from hyperimmune dogs. each batch of this serum is initially tested for toxin-neutralising potency in a mouse bioassay that is expensive, time consuming, and subjective. with the aim of developing a rapid in vitro assay to replace the bioassay, we used a partially pu ... | 2011 | 21687655 |
| antigen fingerprinting of polyclonal antibodies raised in immunized chickens with tick total proteins: a reservoir for the discovery of novel antigens. | identification of tick-protective antigens remains the limiting step in vaccine development. the authors have generated several b cell epitope candidates by fingerprinting rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus proteins that were characterized through bioselection of random peptide phage display libraries against polyclonal antibodies antitick proteins. from 280 clones selected and sequenced, 107 distinct reactive clones were validated by dot-blot assays. eight consensus motifs were generated, and ... | 2011 | 21844329 |
| rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus: expression and characterization of bm86-cg in pichia pastoris. | the cattle tick rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus is responsible for great economic losses. it is mainly controlled chemically, with limitations regarding development of resistance to the chemicals. vaccines may help control this parasite, thereby reducing tick pesticide use. in this light, we performed subcloning of the gene of the protein bm86-gc, the homologue protein that currently forms the basis of vaccines (gavac(tm) and tickgard(plus)) that have been developed against cattle ticks. the ... | 2011 | 21722483 |
| a new in vitro test to evaluate the resistance level against acaricides of the cattle tick, rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus. | in this article we present a new bioassay to assess the resistance status of ticks to acaricides. the larval tarsal test (ltt) is a sensitive, highly time-effective in vitro test. it allows the investigation of a large number of compounds and doses on the cattle tick rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus in a short period of time. the ability of the ltt to assess the lethal concentration at 50% mortality (lc(50)) and resistance ratios (rrs) of a susceptible and a resistant r. microplus strain was ... | 2011 | 21741175 |
| An intensive search for promising fungal biological control agents of ticks, particularly Rhipicephalus microplus. | Entomopathogenic fungi have been investigated worldwide as promising biological control agents of the cattle tick Rhipicephalus microplus. The current study evaluates the virulence of several fungal isolates to R. microplus larva in the laboratory as part of an effort to identify isolates with promise for effective biocontrol of R. microplus in the field. Sixty fungal isolates, encompassing 5 Beauveria spp. and 1 Engyodontium albus (=Beauveria alba), were included in this study. In addition to b ... | 2011 | 21705145 |
| Scabies mite peritrophins are potential targets of human host innate immunity. | Pruritic scabies lesions caused by Sarcoptes scabiei burrowing in the stratum corneum of human skin facilitate opportunistic bacterial infections. Emerging resistance to current therapeutics emphasizes the need to identify novel targets for protective intervention. We have characterized several protein families located in the mite gut as crucial factors for host-parasite interactions. Among these multiple proteins inhibit human complement, presumably to avoid complement-mediated damage of gut ep ... | 2011 | 21980545 |
| Acaricidal effect of essential oils from Lippia graveolens (Lamiales: Verbenaceae), Rosmarinus officinalis (Lamiales: Lamiaceae), and Allium sativum (Liliales: Liliaceae) against Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Acari: Ixodidae). | Acaricidal effects of three essential oils extracted from Mexican oregano leaves (Lippia graveolens Kunth), rosemary leaves (Rosmarinus officinalis L.), and garlic bulbs (Allium sativum L.) on 10-d-old Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Canestrini) tick larvae were evaluated by using the larval packet test bioassay. Serial dilutions of the three essential oils were tested from a starting concentration of 20 to 1.25%. Results showed that both Mexican oregano and garlic essential oils had very s ... | 2011 | 21845941 |
| Acaricidal, insecticidal, and larvicidal efficacy of fruit peel aqueous extract of Annona squamosa and its compounds against blood-feeding parasites. | Plant products may be alternative sources of parasitic control agents, since they constitute a rich source of bioactive compounds that are eco-friendly and nontoxic products. The plant extracts are good and safe alternatives due to their low toxicity to mammals and easy biodegradability. In the present study, fruit peel aqueous extract of Annona squamosa (Annonaceae) extracted by immersion method exhibited adulticidal activity against Haemaphysalis bispinosa (Acarina: Ixodidae) and the hematopha ... | 2011 | 22006187 |
| Effects of microplusin, a copper-chelating antimicrobial peptide, against Cryptococcus neoformans. | Microplusin is an antimicrobial peptide isolated from the cattle tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. Its copper-chelating ability is putatively responsible for its bacteriostatic activity against Micrococcus luteus as microplusin inhibits respiration in this species, which is a copper-dependent process. Microplusin is also active against Cryptococcus neoformans (MIC(50) = 0.09 µM), the etiologic agent of cryptococcosis. Here, we show that microplusin is fungistatic to C. neoformans and thi ... | 2011 | 22092765 |
| The effects of flumethrin (Bayticol® pour-on) on European ticks exposed to treated hairs of cattle and sheep. | Tick infestations in cattle and sheep pose serious health problems when agents of diseases are transmitted. In addition, blood feeding of ticks induces enormous economic losses due to reduced weight gain of infested animals. The present study was designed to investigate the effects of exposure to hairs clipped from cattle and sheep treated with flumethrin (Bayticol®) on European ticks. The dose used was 10 ml/100 kg body weight for both animal species. At intervals of 7 days (days 7, 14, 21, 28 ... | 2011 | 22205348 |
| distinctive amino acid composition profiles in salivary proteins of the tick ixodes scapularis. | bioinformatic analysis of the amino acid composition of proteins of the tick ixodes scapularis showed that, in comparison to other secreted proteins, salivary proteins in general have higher frequencies of polar residues and lower frequencies of the non-polar residues leucine and valine. computer prediction of linear b-cell epitopes showed that polar residues were associated with the presence of high-quality epitopes and that tick salivary proteins included significantly more proteins with predi ... | 2011 | 22108016 |
| An insight into the sialotranscriptome and proteome of the coarse bontlegged tick, Hyalomma marginatum rufipes. | Ticks are mites specialized in acquiring blood from vertebrates as their sole source of food and are important disease vectors to humans and animals. Among the specializations required for this peculiar diet, ticks evolved a sophisticated salivary potion that can disarm their host's hemostasis, inflammation, and immune reactions. Previous transcriptome analysis of tick salivary proteins has revealed many new protein families indicative of fast evolution, possibly due to host immune pressure. The ... | 2011 | 21851864 |
| Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae) HP88 for biological control of Rhipicephalus microplus (Acari: Ixodidae): The effect of different exposure times of engorged females to the nematodes. | The aim of this study was to assess the influence of different exposure times of engorged female the Rhipicephalus microplus to infective juveniles of Heterorhabditis bacteriophora isolate HP88. The engorged females were divided into seven groups (six treatments and one control) of 20 ticks each with statistically similar average weights (p>0.05) and exposed to concentrations of 300 nematodes/tick for periods of 3, 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72h. The following biological parameters were monitored: pre-ov ... | 2011 | 22093907 |
| applicability of in vitro bioassays for the diagnosis of ivermectin resistance in rhipicephalus microplus (acari: ixodidae). | the applicability of laboratory bioassays to diagnose ivermectin (ivm) resistance in rhipicephalus microplus was evaluated. adult immersion tests (aits), larval immersion tests (lits) and larval packet tests (lpts) were performed to characterise the effects of ivermectin toxicity on adults and larvae of a susceptible reference strain. the ait was determined to be a reasonable assay but requires a large number of individuals to attain interpretable results. the lit and lpt were validated with an ... | 2011 | 21978742 |
| CattleTickBase: An integrated Internet-based bioinformatics resource for Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. | The Rhipicephalus microplus genome is large and complex in structure, making it difficult to assemble a genome sequence and costly to resource the required bioinformatics. In light of this, a consortium of international collaborators was formed to pool resources to begin sequencing this genome. We have acquired and assembled genomic DNA into contigs that represent over 1.8Gigabase pairs of DNA from gene-enriched regions of the R. microplus genome. We also have several datasets containing transcr ... | 2011 | 22178513 |
| Cutaneous hypersensitivity test to evaluate phage display anti-tick borne vaccine antigen candidates. | Early experiments performed by our group with the phage display technique revealed the potential for using epitope-displaying phages (mimotopes) as a tool for tick antigen discovery. Thus, as a preliminary study, inflammatory reactions induced by phage display tick-borne candidates were investigated by using the cutaneous hypersensitivity test. The profile of selected Rhipicephalus microplus mimotopes was assessed on tick field-exposed cattle and our data indicated a pattern similar to immediate ... | 2011 | 21945847 |
| Vaccination with BM86, subolesin and akirin protective antigens for the control of tick infestations in white tailed deer and red deer. | Red deer (Cervus elaphus) and white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) are hosts for different tick species and tick-borne pathogens and play a role in tick dispersal and maintenance in some regions. These factors stress the importance of controlling tick infestations in deer and several methods such as culling and acaricide treatment have been used. Tick vaccines are a cost-effective alternative for tick control that reduced cattle tick infestations and tick-borne pathogens prevalence while r ... | 2012 | 22079077 |
| ticks collected from selected mammalian hosts surveyed in the republic of korea during 2008-2009. | a tick survey was conducted to determine the relative abundance and distribution of ticks associated with selected mammals in the republic of korea (rok) during 2008-2009. a total of 918 ticks were collected from 76 mammals (6 families, 9 species) captured at 6 provinces and 3 metropolitan cities in rok. haemaphysalis longicornis (54.4%) was the most frequently collected tick, followed by haemaphysalis flava (28.5%), ixodes nipponensis (7.6%), ixodes pomerantzevi (4.8%), ixodes persulcatus (4.6% ... | 2011 | 22072840 |
| Control of tick infestations in cattle vaccinated with bacterial membranes containing surface-exposed tick protective antigens. | Vaccines containing the Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus BM86 and BM95 antigens protect cattle against tick infestations. Tick subolesin (SUB), elongation factor 1a (EF1a) and ubiquitin (UBQ) are new candidate protective antigens for the control of cattle tick infestations. Previous studies showed that R. microplus BM95 immunogenic peptides fused to the Anaplasma marginale major surface protein (MSP) 1a N-terminal region (BM95-MSP1a) for presentation on the Escherichia coli membrane were prot ... | 2012 | 22085549 |
| expression of heat shock and other stress response proteins in ticks and cultured tick cells in response to anaplasma spp. infection and heat shock. | ticks are ectoparasites of animals and humans that serve as vectors of anaplasma and other pathogens that affect humans and animals worldwide. ticks and the pathogens that they transmit have coevolved molecular interactions involving genetic traits of both the tick and the pathogen that mediate their development and survival. in this paper, the expression of heat shock proteins (hsps) and other stress response proteins (srps) was characterized in ticks and cultured tick cells by proteomics and t ... | 2010 | 22084679 |
| perceptions about the biology of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus among milk producers in divinópolis, minas gerais. | one hundred semi-systematized interviews were applied with the aim of surveying the perceptions of milk producers in the municipality of divinópolis, minas gerais regarding the biology of the tick rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus. content analysis was conducted on each of the variables surveyed and their descriptions, highlighting the higher frequencies in order to construct profiles of perceptions about each of the matters surveyed. in addition, each of the producers was categorized regardin ... | 2011 | 22166382 |
| larvicidal activity of isolated compound 5-(2,4-dimethylbenzyl) pyrrolidin-2-one from marine streptomyces vitsvk5 sp. against rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus, anopheles stephensi, and culex tritaeniorhynchus. | the aim of the present study was to assess the larvicidal property of marine actinobacterial compound 5-(2,4-dimethylbenzyl) pyrrolidin-2-one (dmbpo) extracted and isolated from streptomyces vitsvk5 sp. tested against the larvae of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus canestrini (acari: ixodidae), anopheles stephensi liston, and culex tritaeniorhynchus giles (diptera: culicidae). the isolate bacteria was taxonomically characterized, identified, and designated as streptomyces vitsvk5 sp. the crude ... | 2011 | 22009268 |
| the prevalence of pyrethroid resistance phenotype and genotype in rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus in yucatan, mexico. | a field survey was conducted to evaluate susceptibility of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus to cypermethrin on 49 farms in three areas of yucatan, mexico. the modified larval packet test was used to evaluate larval mortality at different cypermethrin concentrations. dose-mortality regressions, lethal concentrations (lc(50)-lc(99)), confidence intervals and slope were estimated by probit analysis. phenotype was defined as susceptible, tolerant or resistant when the resistance factor (rf) deriv ... | 2011 | 21978740 |
| resistance of cattle of various genetic groups to the tick rhipicephalus microplus and the relationship with coat traits. | this study evaluated the resistance of cattle of different genetic groups to the tick rhipicephalus microplus and the relationship with traits of the animals' hair and coat. cows of the senepol×nelore (sn), angus×nelore (an) and nelore (nx) genetic groups were submitted to four consecutive artificial infestations, at 14-day intervals, each one with approximately 20,000 tick larvae placed on the animals' lumbar region. from the 19th to 23rd day of each infestation five counts of the number of tic ... | 2011 | 22115946 |
| relationships between tick counts and coat characteristics in nguni and bonsmara cattle reared on semiarid rangelands in south africa. | indigenous nguni cattle are adapted to the semiarid rangeland and appear to be resistant to ticks; however, the mechanism for tick resistance is yet to be established. to understand tick resistance in cattle, relationships among skin thickness, hair length, coat score, and tick counts were estimated in nguni (n=12) and bonsmara (n=12) heifers on semiarid rangelands of south africa. the tick species observed to infest the heifers were rhipicephalus (boophilus) decoloratus (frequency: 76%), rhipic ... | 2011 | 21890073 |
| comparison of bioassay responses to the potential fungal biopesticide metarhizium anisopliae in rhipicephalus(boophilus) microplus and lucilia cuprina. | quantal response bioassays were conducted with cattle ticks and sheep blowflies with three different isolates of metarhizium anisopliae and different methods of inoculation. ticks were either topically dosed with 2μl or immersed in the conidial preparations. blowflies were either topically dosed with 2μl of the conidial preparation or fed on conidia mixed with sugar. probit analyses were carried out on the mortality data to compare the virulence of these isolates to ticks and blowflies and look ... | 2011 | 22127104 |
| natural occurrence of lethal aspergillosis in the cattle tick rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus (acari:ixodidae). | summarythe purpose of this study was to describe an unreported entomopathogenic fungus that naturally infects the cattle tick rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus (acari: ixodidae). engorged female ticks, showed symptoms of fungal infection after controlled tick infestation of cattle. infected ticks developed a distinctive dark colour, a pale mould grew over the cuticle and the ticks eventually died covered with fungal conidiophores. the responsible fungus was isolated and cultured on mycological ... | 2011 | 22018391 |
| tick cell lines for study of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus and other arboviruses. | abstract continuous cell lines derived from many of the vectors of tick-borne arboviruses of medical and veterinary importance are now available. their role as tools in arbovirus research to date is reviewed and their potential application in studies of tick cell responses to virus infection is explored, by comparison with recent progress in understanding mosquito immunity to arbovirus infection. a preliminary study of propagation of the human pathogen crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus (cc ... | 2011 | 21955214 |
| partial characterization of an atypical family i inorganic pyrophosphatase from cattle tick rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus. | the present paper presents the partial characterization of a family i inorganic pyrophosphatase from the hard tick rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus (bmppase). the bmppase gene was cloned from the tick embryo and sequenced. the deduced amino acid sequence shared high similarity with other eukaryotic ppases, on the other hand, bmppase presented some cysteine residues non-conserved in other groups. this pyrophosphatase is inhibited by ca(2+), and the inhibition is antagonized by mg(2+), suggesti ... | 2011 | 22001703 |
| abc transporter efflux pumps: a defense mechanism against ivermectin in rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus. | atp-binding cassette (abc) transporters are efflux transporters found in all organisms. these proteins are responsible for pumping xenobiotic and endogenous metabolites through extra- and intracellular membranes, thereby reducing cellular concentrations of toxic compounds. abc transporters have been associated with drug resistance in several nematodes and parasitic arthropods. here, the ability of abc transporter inhibitors to enhance ivermectin (ivm) sensitivity was tested in larvae and adult f ... | 2011 | 22036897 |
| bartonellae in animals and vectors in new caledonia. | bartonellae are gram-negative facultative intracellular alpha-proteobacteria from the family bartonellaceae. the natural history of bartonellae consists of a reservoir/host, which is a vertebrate with chronic intravascular infection with sustained bacteremia, and a vector (usually an arthropod) that transfers the bacteria from the reservoir to a susceptible yet uninfected host. in order to reveal the sources and reservoirs of bartonella infection in animals and vectors in new caledonia, we colle ... | 2011 | 22018646 |
| acaricidal effect of an isolate from hoslundia opposita vahl against amblyomma variegatum (acari: ixodidae). | hoslundia opposita vahl. (lamiaceae), a common local shrub in ghana, is traditionally known not only for its pharmacological benefits but also for its insecticidal properties. its acaricidal property, however, has not been investigated. | 2011 | 22022167 |
| Perceptions of milk producers from Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, regarding Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus control. | Semi-systematized interviews were conducted with 100 dairy cattle producers in the municipality of Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, with the aim of ascertaining their perceptions regarding the importance of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus and of combating it. Content analysis was performed and the frequency distribution of each of the variables was used to construct profiles of the producers interviewed. The production losses caused by ticks were perceived incompletely by the producers, who were u ... | 2011 | 22166383 |
| evolution of the max and mlx networks in animals. | transcription factors (tfs) are essential for the regulation of gene expression and often form emergent complexes to perform vital roles in cellular processes. in this paper, we focus on the parallel max and mlx networks of tfs because of their critical involvement in cell cycle regulation, proliferation, growth, metabolism, and apoptosis. a basic-helix-loop-helix-zipper (bhlhz) domain mediates the competitive protein dimerization and dna binding among max and mlx network members to form a compl ... | 2011 | 21859806 |
| characterizing the host and symbiont proteomes in the association between the bobtail squid, euprymna scolopes, and the bacterium, vibrio fischeri. | the beneficial symbiosis between the hawaiian bobtail squid, euprymna scolopes, and the bioluminescent bacterium, vibrio fischeri, provides a unique opportunity to study host/microbe interactions within a natural microenvironment. colonization of the squid light organ by v. fischeri begins a lifelong association with a regulated daily rhythm. each morning the host expels an exudate from the light organ consisting of 95% of the symbiont population in addition to host hemocytes and shed epithelial ... | 2011 | 21998678 |
| Acaricidal activity of aqueous extract and synthesized silver nanoparticles from Manilkara zapota against Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. | Traditional parasite control is primarily based on the use of chemical acaricides, which unfortunately have many negative side effects. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of plant synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using aqueous leaf extract of Manilkara zapota to control Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. The synthesized AgNPs were characterized by UV-vis spectrum, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared and X-ray diffraction. The UV-vis spect ... | 2011 | 21906765 |
| Distribution of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus and Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) annulatus (Acari: Ixodidae) infestations detected in the United States along the Texas/Mexico border. | Species identification and global positioning system coordinates of infestations of cattle fever ticks, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) annulatus (Say) and Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Canestrini), were determined for 790 specimens submitted to the National Veterinary Services Laboratory between 1 October 1999 and 30 September 2010. Cattle fever tick specimens obtained by personnel of the United States Department of Agriculture-Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service-Cattle Fever Tick Eradi ... | 2011 | 21845935 |
| the ecology, genetic diversity and phylogeny of huaiyangshan virus in china. | surveys were carried out to better understand the tick vector ecology and genetic diversity of huaiyangshan virus (hysv) in both endemic and non-endemic regions. haemaphysalis longicornis ticks were dominant in endemic regions, while rhipicephalus microplus is more abundant in non-endemic regions. hysv rna was found in human and both tick species with more prevalence in h. longicornis and lesser in r. microplus. phylogenetic analyses indicate that hysv is a novel species of the genus phlebovirus ... | 2011 | 22190717 |
| protective effects of passively transferred merozoite-specific antibodies against theileria equi in horses with severe combined immunodeficiency. | theileria equi immune plasma was infused into young horses (foals) with severe combined immunodeficiency. although all foals became infected following intravenous challenge with homologous t. equi merozoite stabilate, delayed time to peak parasitemia occurred. protective effects were associated with a predominance of passively transferred merozoite-specific igg3. | 2012 | 22038847 |
| expressed sequenced tags profiling of resistant and susceptible gyr x holstein cattle infested with the tick rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus. | tick resistance in cattle is mainly found in zebu (bos indicus) animals, although it is also present in some taurine (b. taurus) breeds. in order to characterize functional genes involved in tick resistance/susceptibility in cattle, two cdna libraries were generated using skin tissues of selected holstein x gyr animals. a total of 2700 high-quality reads from both resistant and susceptible cdna were assembled into 458 sequences (contigs) and 834 singletons, with a mean size of 447.7 nucleo ... | 2011 | 22095475 |
| Expression profiling, gene silencing and transcriptional networking of metzincin metalloproteases in the cattle tick, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. | Tick proteins functioning in vital physiological processes such as blood meal uptake, digestion and reproduction are potential targets for anti-tick vaccines, since vaccination could inhibit these essential functions and ultimately affect tick survival. In this study we identified metzincin metalloproteases from Rhipicephalus microplus as potential vaccine candidates since they are implicated as essential to blood-cavity formation, bloodmeal digestion and reproduction in ixodid ticks. Eight tran ... | 2011 | 22142943 |
| Perceptions and attitudes among milk producers in Minas Gerais regarding cattle tick biology and control. | This study evaluates milk producers' knowledge regarding cattle ticks and practices for controlling them. Ninety-three dairymen in Minas Gerais were interviewed. These producers had no information regarding acaricide efficiency tests. To analyze the information, open responses were categorized through "content analysis", and descriptive analysis consisting of extracting the profile highlighted by the highest frequencies. The association between schooling level and knowledge was tested by means o ... | 2011 | 21961747 |
| First transcriptome of the testis-vas deferens-male accessory gland and proteome of the spermatophore from Dermacentor variabilis (Acari: Ixodidae). | Ticks are important vectors of numerous human diseases and animal diseases. Feeding stimulates spermatogenesis, mating and insemination of male factors that trigger female reproduction. The physiology of male reproduction and its regulation of female development are essentially a black box. Several transcriptomes have catalogued expression of tick genes in the salivary glands, synganglion and midgut but no comprehensive investigation has addressed male reproduction and mating. Consequently, a ne ... | 2011 | 21949745 |
| Targeting the tick protective antigen subolesin reduces vector infestations and pathogen infection by Anaplasma marginale and Babesia bigemina. | The ultimate goal of vector vaccines is the control of vector infestations while reducing pathogen infection and transmission to protect against the many diseases caused by vector-borne pathogens. Previously (Vaccine 2011;29:2248-2254), we demonstrated that subolesin vaccination and release of tick larvae after subolesin knockdown by RNA interference (RNAi) were effective for the control of cattle tick, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus infestations in cattle. In this study, we used the fact t ... | 2011 | 21951878 |
| comparative studies on the invasion of cattle ticks (rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus) and sheep blowflies (lucilia cuprina) by metarhizium anisopliae (sorokin). | microscopic investigations over time were carried out to study and compare the pathogenesis of invasion of ticks and blowflies by metarhizium anisopliae. the scanning electron microscope and stereo light microscope were used to observe and record processes on the arthropods' surfaces and the compound light microscope was used to observe and record processes within the body cavities. two distinctly different patterns of invasion were found in ticks and blowflies. fungal conidia germinated on the ... | 2011 | 22178573 |
| Effects of destruxin A on Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus ticks (Acari: Ixodidae). | This study evaluated the effects of destruxin A on Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus females, since this toxin is one of the likely causes of high mortality induced by the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae in arthropods. Ticks were immersed or inoculated with different concentrations of destruxin A. Despite the doses applied, there were no deaths or significant alterations in oviposition between the groups treated with destruxin A and the control groups. No other external effect c ... | 2011 | 22166391 |
| equine piroplasmosis associated with amblyomma cajennense ticks, texas, usa. | we report an outbreak of equine piroplasmosis in southern texas, usa, in 2009. infection prevalence reached 100% in some areas (292 infected horses). amblyomma cajennense was the predominant tick and experimentally transmitted theileria equi to an uninfected horse. we suggest that transmission by this tick species played a role in this outbreak. | 2011 | 22000367 |
| functional genomics studies of rhipicephalus (boophilus) annulatus ticks in response to infection with the cattle protozoan parasite, babesia bigemina. | ticks are obligate haematophagous ectoparasites of wild and domestic animals as well as humans, considered to be second worldwide to mosquitoes as vectors of human diseases, but the most important vectors of disease-causing pathogens in domestic and wild animals. babesia spp. are tick-borne pathogens that cause a disease called babesiosis in a wide range of animals and in humans. in particular, babesia bovis and babesia bigemina are transmitted by cattle ticks, rhipicephalus (boophilus) annulatu ... | 2012 | 22265898 |
| evolution, expansion and expression of the kunitz/bpti gene family associated with long-term blood feeding in ixodes scapularis. | abstract: background: recent studies of the tick saliva transcriptome have revealed the profound role of salivary proteins in blood feeding. kunitz/bpti proteins are abundant in the salivary glands of ticks and perform multiple functions in blood feeding, such as inhibiting blood coagulation, regulating host blood supply and disrupting host angiogenesis. however, kunitz/bpti proteins in soft and hard ticks have different functions and molecular mechanisms. how these differences emerged and whet ... | 2012 | 22244187 |
| spotted fever group rickettsia infecting ticks (acari: ixodidae) in the state of santa catarina, brazil. | during 2006-2008, a total of 260 adult ticks were collected from domestic and wild animals in different regions of the state of santa catarina (sc), brazil, including areas where human cases of brazilian spotted fever have been reported. collected ticks belonging to nine species (amblyomma aureolatum, amblyomma cajennense, amblyomma dubitatum, amblyomma longirostre, amblyomma ovale, amblyomma tigrinum, dermacentor nitens, rhipicephalus microplus and rhipicephalus sanguineus) were tested by polym ... | 2011 | 22241112 |
| zero-inflated poisson regression models for qtl mapping applied to tick-resistance in a gyr × holstein f2 population. | now a days, an important and interesting alternative in the control of tick-infestation in cattle is to select resistant animals, and identify the respective quantitative trait loci (qtls) and dna markers, for posterior use in breeding programs. the number of ticks/animal is characterized as a discrete-counting trait, which could potentially follow poisson distribution. however, in the case of an excess of zeros, due to the occurrence of several noninfected animals, zero-inflated poisson and gen ... | 2011 | 22215960 |
| use of beauveria bassiana to control northern fowl mites (ornithonyssus sylviarum) on roosters in an agricultural research facility. | treatment of northern fowl mite (ornithonyssus sylviarum) infestation on poultry in research facilities can be challenging. the mite has a rapid reproductive cycle (egg to adult in 5 to 7 d), and chemical treatments can be toxic to birds, personnel, and the environment. in addition, antimite treatment may interfere with experimental research designs. the current study evaluated the efficacy of topical application of an entomopathogenic fungus, beauveria bassiana, in the treatment of a naturally ... | 2011 | 22330786 |
| in vitro and in vivo acaricidal activity of a herbal extract. | the anti-tick efficacy of combined aqueous herbal extracts of azadirachta indica leaves, nicotiana tabacum leaves, calotropis procera flowers and trachyspermum ammi seeds was evaluated using adult immersion test, larval packet test and ear bag method. the extract exhibited lethal effects on egg laying (index of egg laying=0.371404±0.00435), hatching (22.35%) and total larval mortality at 50 mg ml(-1) and reduced tick intensity on the infested calves (18 detached out of 35 at 45% (w/w) suspension ... | 2011 | 22305296 |
| a deep insight into the sialotranscriptome of the gulf coast tick, amblyomma maculatum. | saliva of blood sucking arthropods contains compounds that antagonize their hosts' hemostasis, which include platelet aggregation, vasoconstriction and blood clotting; saliva of these organisms also has anti-inflammatory and immunomodullatory properties. perhaps because hosts mount an active immune response against these compounds, the diversity of these compounds is large even among related blood sucking species. because of these properties, saliva helps blood feeding as well as help the establ ... | 2011 | 22216098 |
| susceptibility of different populations of ticks to entomopathogenic fungi. | this study aimed to evaluate the in vitro effect of the entomopathogenic fungi metarhizium anisopliae sensu lato (s.l.) and beauveria bassiana sensu lato (s.l.) on two distinct populations of rhipicephalus microplus, from two different experimental farms. bioassays were performed with engorged females, eggs and larvae. fungal infection was evaluated based on biological parameters of treated engorged females, percentage of hatch from treated eggs, and percentage of mortality and mean lethal time ... | 2011 | 22212684 |
| acaricidal activity of cymbopogon citratus and azadirachta indica against house dust mites. | to examine the acaricidal effects of the essential oil of cymbopogon citratus leaf extract (lemongrass) and ethanolic azadirachta indica leaf extract (neem) against house dust mites dermatophagoides farinae (d. farinae) and dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (d. pteronyssinus). | 2011 | 23569794 |
| in vitro ovicidal and cestocidal effects of toxins from bacillus thuringiensis on the canine and human parasite dipylidium caninum. | bacillus thuringiensis is a gram-positive soil-dwelling bacterium that is commonly used as a biological pesticide. this bacterium may also be used for biological control of helminth parasites in domestic animals. in this study, we evaluated the possible ovicidal and cestocidal effects of a total protein extract of b. thuringiensis native strains on the zoonotic cestode parasite of dogs, dipylidium caninum (d. caninum). dose and time response curves were determined by coincubating b. thuringiensi ... | 2012 | 23484087 |
| evolutionary and molecular analysis of the emergent severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus. | in 2009, a novel bunyavirus, called severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (sftsv) was identified in the vicinity of huaiyangshan, china. clinical symptoms of this zoonotic virus included severe fever, thrombocytopenia, and leukocytopenia, with a mortality rate of ~10%. by the end of 2011 the disease associated with this pathogen had been reported from eleven chinese provinces and human-to-human transmission suspected. however, current understanding of the evolution and molecular epid ... | 2012 | 23438426 |
| epidemiological perspectives of ticks and tick-borne diseases in south sudan: cross-sectional survey results. | a cross-sectional study was conducted between september and october 2010 in five states of south sudan that were selected on the basis of the perceived risk of tick-borne diseases. the purpose was to investigate epidemiological parameters of tick-borne diseases in south sudan and their uses in future control strategies. a total of 805 calves were assessed by clinical, microscopic and serological examination and tick counts. the indirect enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay (elisa) was used to dete ... | 2012 | 23327317 |
| molecular detection of acinetobacter species in lice and keds of domestic animals in oromia regional state, ethiopia. | this study was conducted to determine the presence of acinetobacter and rickettsia species dna in lice and melophagus ovinus (sheep ked) of animals from oromia regional state in ethiopia. from september through november 2011, a total of 207 cattle, 85 sheep, 47 dogs and 16 cats were examined for ectoparasites. results of morphological identification revealed several species of ectoparasites: linognathus vituli (l. vituli), bovicola bovis (b. bovis) and solenopotes capillatus (s. capillatus) on c ... | 2012 | 23285015 |
| identification of tropomyosin and its immunological properties from larvae of cattle tick, boophilus annulatus. | boophilus annulatus is an obligate blood feeder tick that can cause great losses in animals due to anemia and its ability to injure its host skin directly. the aim of this study was identification of cattle humoral immune response to some tick proteins during experimental infestation. | 2013 | 23914237 |
| effect of stemona spp. against rhipicephalus microplus. | stemona plants have been traditionally used against various insects in thailand and southeast asian countries. the acaricidal efficacy of 9 species of stemona grown in thailand was evaluated against dairy cattle tick, rhipicephalus microplus using adult immersion test and in vivo evaluation on infested calves. from the ten stemona root extracts used in this study, s. collinsiae of a concentration 250 mg/ml possessed the highest activity. in vivo study revealed that s. collinsiae extract could si ... | 2013 | 23912630 |
| first report of ctenocephalides felis felis infestation of buffalo calves in punjab, india. | two female buffalo calves of approximately 3 months of age from hoshiarpur and gurdaspur districts of punjab state, india were found to be moderately infested with the cat flea ctenocephalides felis felis. the calves were apparently healthy with no clinical signs and skin lesions. the calves were also found to be simultaneously infested with ixodid tick (rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus). infestations of buffalo calves by c. felis felis is reported for the first time. | 2011 | 23024513 |
| effects of prolonged exposure at low temperature on boophilus microplus (acari: ixodidae). | the effects of prolonged exposure at 12 degrees c on oviposition were determined for boophilus microplus (canestrini) females. the percentage of females ovipositing remained high (greater than or equal to 80%) for exposure times of less than or equal to 30 d, but declined to 0.0 and 6.7% when females were held for 90 and 105 d, respectively. duration had no effect on the preoviposition period after females were returned to optimum temperature (25 degrees c). the number of eggs laid per female de ... | 2009 | 2795611 |
| effect of selection pressure on the cholinesterase of boophilus microplus (acari: ixodidae) resistant to coumaphos. | the effect of selection pressure on the cholinesterase (ache) activity of two strains of boophilus microplus (canestrini) resistant to coumaphos was monitored. total ache and protein was determined from three generations of resistant ticks and a susceptible strain. the effect of an ache inhibitor, coroxon (the oxygen analog of coumaphos), was also determined. the resistance of the susceptible strain (escondido) to coumaphos remained relatively unchanged throughout the study. the tuxpan strain lo ... | 2009 | 2708629 |
| abstracts of the fourth international symposium on molecular insect science. may 28-june 2, 2002. tucson, arizona, usa. | | 2002 | 15455051 |
| lack of heme synthesis in a free-living eukaryote. | in most free-living eukaryotes studied thus far, heme is synthesized from a series of intermediates through a well defined evolutionarily conserved pathway. we found that free-living worms, including the model genetic organism caenorhabditis elegans, and parasitic helminths are unable to synthesize heme de novo, even though these animals contain hemoproteins that function in key biological processes. radioisotope, fluorescence labeling, and heme analog studies suggest that c. elegans acquires he ... | 2005 | 15767563 |
| a case of histologically diagnosed tick infestation on the scalp of a korean child. | a scalp mass surgically excised from a 4-year-old korean boy was identified as a tick through histological observations. in sections of the mass, characteristic features of a tick, including its gross contour, cuticular structures, well developed musculature and salivary glands, and the capitulum, were discovered. in particular, the capitulum is anteriorly protruded, which strongly suggests that the specimen be a hard tick of family ixodidae. however, the present histological features were not e ... | 2006 | 16809965 |