| evidence for protective immunity to bancroftian filariasis in the cook islands. | to challenge the concept of protective immunity in lymphatic filariasis, 19 adult residents of a wuchereria bancrofti-endemic island who had been diagnosed 17 years earlier as putatively immune endemic normals (pi/en) were reexamined. even with continued exposure to infection, all 19 had maintained their apparent infection-free status. studies to define the mechanisms underlying this putative immunity revealed that cellular immune responses (including proliferation; generation of interleukin [il ... | 1996 | 8769619 |
| identification of endemic foci of filariasis by examination of mosquitoes for microfilariae. | studies were conducted in the nile delta of egypt to determine the feasibility of detecting wuchereria bancrofti microfilariae (mf) in mosquitoes as a primary surveillance method for the identification of filariasis-endemic villages. initial experimental studies evaluated the ingestion, survival, and migration rates of w. bancrofti mf in culex pipiens and culex antennatus after mosquitoes were fed on infected volunteers. in 2 villages, 1,684 bloodfed mosquitoes were dissected during the night im ... | 1995 | 8825503 |
| acquisition and expression of humoral reactivity to antigens of infective stages of filarial larvae. | measurement of anti-larval responses in filaria-exposed populations may shed light on the natural history of exposure to wuchereria bancrofti. using serum samples obtained by a cross-sectional survey of 172 individuals from two neighbourhoods in leogane, haiti, antibody responses directed against infective stage filarial larvae (l3) were assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), immunofluorescence (ifa), and immunoblot for the presence of anti-larval antibodies. elisa results indicat ... | 1995 | 8834761 |
| little andaman island, a new focus of infection with nocturnally periodic wuchereria bancrofti. | a filariasis survey was carried out for the first time in the little andaman island, covering a population of 12,247 in 12 of the 13 villages. infection due to wuchereria bancrofti was found only in 3 villages with microfilaria (mf) rate ranging from 1.02 to 6.45 per cent. observations on the appearance of mf in peripheral blood showed that the parasite is nocturnally periodic form with a peak at 2000 h. the infection was prevalent only among the settlers from bihar and bangladesh and none of th ... | 1996 | 8840654 |
| parasite antigenemia without microfilaremia in bancroftian filariasis. | the term "endemic normal" in the context of filariasis refers to people who are amicrofilaremic and free of clinical signs or symptoms of filariasis despite regular exposure to the parasite. some sera from endemic normals contain soluble wuchereria bancrofti antigens that are detectable by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. we now report evidence that filarial antigenemia in these people is not an artifact and that it is indicative of active w. bancrofti infection. filarial antigenemia was first ... | 1996 | 8842125 |
| cytomorphologic profile of lymphatic filariasis. | to review the cytologic findings in 34 cases of lymphatic filariasis reported on fine needle aspiration cytology for the identification of various parasitic structures. | 1996 | 8842171 |
| a polymerase chain reaction assay for the detection of wuchereria bancrofti in blood samples from french polynesia. | a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay based on a highly repeated deoxyribonucleic acid (dna) sequence found in wuchereria bancrofti (the sspi repeat) has been developed to address the shortcomings of traditional diagnostic methods. in this field study in a w. bancrofti endemic region of french polynesia, 373 human blood samples were collected and 100 microl of blood were screened by the sspi pcr assay and 1 microl by membrane filtration. the sspi pcr assay detected 99 of 113 blood samples in w ... | 1996 | 8882182 |
| mass dec chemotherapy for control of bancroftian filariasis: comparative efficacy of four strategies two years after start of treatment. | the efficacy of 4 strategies for control of bancroftian filariasis using mass diethylcarbamazine (dec) chemotherapy was evaluated and compared in 4 endemic communities in tanzania 2 years after the start of treatment. the strategies used were the standard 12 d treatment (strategy i), a semi-annual single dose treatment (strategy ii), a monthly low dose treatment (strategy iii), and dec medicated salt (strategy iv). treatment took place during the first study year, and no treatment was given duri ... | 1996 | 8882196 |
| ultrasound diagnosis of filarial funiculoepididymitis. | genital presentation of filarial disease is not uncommon in endemic areas of the world. acute, febrile illness involving the epididymis and spermatic cord (funiculoepididymitis) is one of many such presentations. with an internationally mobile society, physicians today, even in nonendemic areas, may encounter patients with filarial infestations. we report the first case of presumptive diagnosis of this disease using scrotal ultrasound. | 1996 | 8886076 |
| bancroftian filariasis distribution and diurnal temperature differences in the southern nile delta. | | 1996 | 8903237 |
| frequency distribution of wuchereria bancrofti infection in the vector host in relation to human host: evidence for density dependence. | this paper uses detailed entomological data from pondicherry to compare the microfilaria distribution in vector with that of human and also to examine the evidence for the operation of density dependence on parasite transmission. analysis showed that the distribution in vector is similar to that in human. the expected distribution derived from the fit of a zero-truncated negative binomial to the human data, closely reflected the observed microfilaria distribution in the vector. this implies that ... | 1995 | 8907394 |
| bancroftian filariasis: the pattern of microfilaraemia and clinical manifestations in three endemic communities of northeastern tanzania. | individuals from three villages in northeastern tanzania, located 40 km inland from the indian ocean coast, were surveyed for parasitological and clinical evidence of bancroftian filariasis. microfilarial (mf) prevalences ranged from 22.2 to 37.6%, and mf geometric mean intensities (gmi) ranged from 546 to 735 mf/ml blood, in the three villages. microfilaraemia was rare in children below five years. the mf prevalences increased with age, reaching from 35.9 to 49.2% in individuals aged 45 years a ... | 1995 | 8907396 |
| evaluating the detection of circulating filarial antigen in diagnosis of bancroftian filariasis and filarial hydrocele. | four groups of patients were selected: 16 patients with clinical evidence of obstructive filarial lymphangiopathy without microfilaraemia; 12 patients with clinical evidence of obstructive filarial lymphangiopathy with microfilaraemia and 9 patients with microfilaraemia. two control groups were also included. blood films, sera and hydrocele fluid samples were collected from all subjects. polyclonal antibody against dirofilaria immitis worm homogenate was prepared, fractionated and conjugated wit ... | 1996 | 8918042 |
| diethylcarbamazine-induced reversal of early lymphatic dysfunction in a patient with bancroftian filariasis: assessment with use of lymphoscintigraphy. | exposure of expatriates to the infective larvae of wuchereria bancrofti can result in the early development of signs of lymphatic obstruction. the findings on the clinical presentation of expatriates are distinct from the chronic pathological findings seen among the native population and are similar to the findings in experimentally infected persons. we report the case of a peace corps volunteer who developed acute lymphatic dysfunction within 3 months of arriving in an area that was endemic for ... | 1996 | 8922794 |
| detection of wuchereria bancrofti dna in patients' sputum by the polymerase chain reaction. | | 1996 | 8944264 |
| mammography of lymphatic filariasis. | | 1996 | 8956571 |
| microfilaria of wuchereria bancrofti in fine needle aspiration smears. | | 1996 | 8960050 |
| wuchereria bancrofti recombinant antigen-derived poly- and monoclonal antibodies for the detection of circulating antigen(s) in the sera of lymphatic filarial patients. | a sandwich antibody elisa was employed for the detection of circulating filarial antigen in patients with bancroftian filariasis. wuchereria bancrofti recombinant antigen-derived polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies were successfully used as the revealing antibodies and their efficiency was compared. all the microfilariae (mf) positive (by finger prick and examination of 20 microliters of blood under the microscope) individuals tested showed the presence of circulating antigen(s). among the anti ... | 1996 | 8960201 |
| mattancherry urban agglomeration, a diminishing focus of lymphatic filariasis in kerala. | parasitological survey conducted recently in mattancherry, kerala showed a low prevalence of microfilariae (mf), with a mf rate of 1.81%, compared to that of 1956 when the mf rate was 14.7%. no brugian infection was encountered in the present investigation, though both bancroftian and brugian infections were reported earlier. culex quinquefasciatus, the vector of bancroftian filariasis was the most predominant (93.3%) mosquito species, and its infection and infectivity rates were 0.76% and 0.54% ... | 1996 | 8973015 |
| filariasis survey in a rural area of west bengal. | | 1996 | 8973022 |
| ultrasonographic diagnosis of subclinical filariasis. | asymptomatic persons with lymphatic filariasis may harbor microfiliariae in the circulation, and despite the lack of symptoms, these patients may have occult pathologic lesions and renal abnormalities. earlier investigators have shown that it is possible to detect live adult filarial worms and dilation of lymphatic channels with ultrasonography. it is also possible to assess response to therapy. using sonography, we detected twirling motions in dilated lymph channels and characteristic sonograph ... | 1997 | 8979226 |
| evaluation of the og4c3 elisa in wuchereria bancrofti infection: infected persons with undetectable or ultra-low microfilarial densities. | the recently developed og4c3 elisa, which detects circulating wuchereria bancrofti antigen, appears promising for use in epidemiological surveys, but its sensitivity is unknown in persons with ultra-low microfilarial densities. we used the og4c3 to test the sera of 282 persons who were microfilaria-positive in 1-16 ml of blood, 18 persons who were microfilaria-negative but who had ultrasonographic or biopsy evidence of adult w. bancrofti infection, and 63 lifelong residents of a non-endemic area ... | 1996 | 8980602 |
| [history of lymphatic filariasis in pernambuco. i. epidemiologic and control aspects]. | this paper is a review of lymphatic bancroftian filariasis in the state of pernambuco. brazil. it shows that reports have existed since the 1st decade of the century. knowledge of the disease in several areas during different periods makes a retrospective analyses very interesting, particularly in great recife. it is in the city that the epidemiological and control aspects of the diseases are examinations in details. | 1996 | 9011889 |
| lymphatic filariasis on the coast of ghana. | parasitological, clinical and entomological surveys for lymphatic filariasis were carried out in 6 villages and 3 towns on the coast of ghana. few or no filarial infections were observed in the towns or in the villages east of accra. however, wuchereria bancrofti microfilaraemia was common in the 4 western villages, with overall prevalences of 9.2%-25.4% and overall microfilariae (mf) geometric mean intensities of 321-1172 mf/ml of blood. in the same villages, hydrocele affected 8.5%-27.9% of ad ... | 1996 | 9015499 |
| epidemiology of acute filarial episodes caused by wuchereria bancrofti infection in two rural villages in tamil, nadu, south india. | this year-long study investigated the epidemiology of acute filarial episodes due to wuchereria bancrofti in 2 rural villages in south india. the annual incidence of 96.5 episodes/1000 population was significantly higher in males (108.5) than females (84.1) an strongly age dependent. first occurrence of acute disease was observed in 0.86% of the population, and the average duration of each episode was 3.6 +/- 2.0 d. although more than half (63.5%) of the affected individuals suffered only 1 epis ... | 1996 | 9015500 |
| impact of lymphatic filariasis on the productivity of male weavers in a south indian village. | | 1996 | 9015511 |
| prolonged clearance of microfilaraemia in patients with bancroftian filariasis after multiple high doses of ivermectin or diethylcarbamazine. | in a double-blind trial on 37 asymptomatic microfilaraemic subjects (minimum 400 microfilariae [mf] per ml) with wuchereria bancrofti infection, the safety, tolerability and macrofilaricidal efficacy of 12 fortnightly doses of ivermectin, 400 micrograms/kg (ivermectin group), was compared with 12 fortnightly doses of diethylcarbamazine (dec), 10 mg/kg (dec group), over a period of 129 weeks after treatment. a control group (ldic group) was treated with low dose ivermectin to clear microfilaraemi ... | 1996 | 9015519 |
| control of bancroftian filariasis in an endemic area of polynesia by ivermectin 400 micrograms/kg. | community treatment with ivermectin was implemented in opoa, french polynesia from april 1991 to october 1993. all consenting inhabitants aged 3 years or more were treated with twice-yearly single doses of ivermectin, pregnant women excepted. a dosage of 100 microgram/kg was used for the 3 first treatments and then abandoned because it did not reduce the prevalence of microfilariae (mf) carriers. with a dosage of 400 micrograms/kg dosage, this prevalence decreased dramatically from 21% to 7%, an ... | 1996 | 9015520 |
| temperature thresholds and statistical modelling of larval wuchereria bancrofti (filariidea:onchocercidae) developmental rates. | developmental rates for wuchereria bancrofti larvae maturing in the vector aedes polynesiensis were estimated by analysing stage-frequency data consisting of counts of larval stages in mosquitoes reared at 20, 22.5, 25, 27.5, 30 and 32 degrees c. base temperatures (i.e. low temperature thresholds) for w. bancrofti development were estimated by the x-intercept method and the model of lactin et al. (1995). resulting values were similar with both methods and were approximately 12.5 degrees c for mi ... | 1997 | 9051921 |
| microfilariae of wuchereria bancrofti in ascitic fluid. | we have presented a patient with ascites who demonstrated bancroftian microfilariae in the ascitic fluid. such a presentation is exceedingly uncommon. | 1996 | 9057373 |
| prevalence of wuchereria bancrofti infection among the tribals of panna district of madhya pradesh. | | 1996 | 9057457 |
| a possible case of lymphatic filariasis in a white miner in papua new guinea. | | 1997 | 9066558 |
| microfilariae identified in fna of a thyroid nodule. | a patient presented with hyperthyroidism and a thyroid swelling, clinically thought to be malignant. fine-needle aspiration of the thyroid nodule revealed microfilariae of wuchereria bancrofti. after therapy the thyroid swelling subsided and the patient became euthyroid. the possible etiologic role of microfilariae in the genesis of the thyroid tumor and hyperthyroidism is discussed. | 1997 | 9067108 |
| rapid assessment procedures (rap) for lymphatic filariasis. | new strategies are emerging for control of filariasis in terms of chemotherapy and vector control. field application of these tools requires mapping and prioritization of filaria-endemic areas and quantification of the infection/ disease burden. available procedures are time-consuming, costly and have poor sensitivity. therefore, rapid assessment procedures need to be developed to assess the disease burden as well as monitor and evaluate control programmes. | 1997 | 9069702 |
| epidemiological study of bancroftian filariasis in recife, northeastern brazil. | wuchereria bancrofti in pernambuco was first documented in 1952 (azevedo & dobbin 1952), and since then it has been reported in surveys carried out in selected areas of recife. several surveys were carried out from 1981 to 1991 by sucam. in the 1985 sucam's report the disease is considered under control. the cpqam filariasis research program was established in 1985 and a filarial survey was carried out in the town of olinda, greater recife. in order to verify the real epidemiological situation, ... | 1996 | 9070407 |
| t-lymphocytes from individuals with filarial inflammatory disease have increased transendothelial migration in vitro. | the in vitro transendothelial migration of circulating filarial antigen-specific t-cells was examined in wuchereria banerofti infection. circulating t-cells from individuals with filaria-induced lymphatic pathology (lp) had significantly greater migration through unstimulated huvec monolayers than did t-cells from asymptomatic infected (mf) individuals (p = 0.04). in contrast to the mf individuals where no effect was seen, transendothelial migration of 48-hr filarial antigen stimulated t-cells f ... | 1997 | 9073544 |
| elevated il-10 mrna expression and downregulation of th1-type cytokines in microfilaraemic individuals with wuchereria bancrofti infection. | to understand the molecular basis of parasite-specific anergy in human lymphatic filariasis caused by the nematode wuchereria bancrofti, parasite antigen-dependent cellular proliferation and cytokine gene expression were investigated. by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr), the levels of cytokine mrna were determined in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs) of different clinical groups of filariasis patients. this includes individuals with circulating microfilariae ... | 1997 | 9076809 |
| altitude and the risk of bites from mosquitoes infected with malaria and filariasis among the mianmin people of papua new guinea. | the mianmin are a mobile population occupying a remote lower montane area at 100-1200 m altitude in the north-western interior of papua new guinea (png). major medical problems include malaria and bancroftian filariasis. an entomological survey conducted along an altitudinal transect from 170 to 1000m identified anopheles koliensis as the predominant malaria vector below 650 m, with a. punctulatus dominating at the higher elevations. proportions of mosquitoes with malaria circumsporozoite antige ... | 1997 | 9093615 |
| assessment of the efficacy of diethylcarbamazine on adult wuchereria bancrofti in vivo. | to assess directly the effect of various doses of diethylcarbamazine (dec) on adult wuchereria bancrofti, 31 infected men were randomly assigned to receive an initial single dec dose of 1 mg/kg (n = 7), 6 mg/kg (n = 10), or 12 mg/kg (n = 14). beginning 7 d later, the dosage of dec and duration of treatment were progressively increased for 7-10 weeks. physical examinations were performed to detect scrotal nodules and the scrotal area was examined by ultrasound (7.5 mhz transducer) to monitor the ... | 1997 | 9093637 |
| effect of two single doses of ivermectin in treatment of asymptomatic bancroftian filariasis in two villages in the nile delta, egypt. | to evaluate the efficacy and longitudinal effect of two single (100 micrograms/kg) doses of ivermectin, 3 months apart, 240 asymptomatic male subjects from 2 endemic egyptian villages were enrolled in a one-year double-blind study. subjects aged 15-55 years were randomly assigned placebo (40) or ivermectin (200). microfilaria (mf) density in 1 ml blood was measured by membrane filtration before and every 3 months after treatment. initial mean mf density was 462 (range 14-2869/ml). clinical exami ... | 1997 | 9097530 |
| lymphatic filariasis. | | 1997 | 9103668 |
| [filaria: a tropical disease as the etiology of acute scrotum]. | in the diagnosis and treatment of acute scrotal pain and swelling it is important to differentiate between testicular torsion and epididymo-orchitis. a special case of a thirty-eight-year-old male asylant from nepal was presented in the urological service with acute scrotal pain. to exclude testicular torsion, a diagnostic exploration of the scrotum was done with the findings of an acute funiculitis with abscess formation. under surgical drainage of abscess together with medical treatment the ac ... | 1997 | 9123688 |
| natural history, trend of prevalence and spectrum of manifestations of bancroftian filarial disease in pondicherry (south india). | the study examines the changes in the disease parameters of lymphatic filariasis over a period of time based on three surveys during 1957, 1986 and 1992 in pondicherry, south india. the overall prevalence of filarial disease in the three surveys was 4.7, 6.7 and 9.9% respectively. it was significantly higher in males (1957:5.3%; 1986:13.7%; 1992:18.8%) when compared to females (1957:3.8%; 1986:2.3%; 1992:2.7%) in all the three surveys (p <0.05). the overall prevalence of acute adenolymphangitis ... | 1996 | 9133167 |
| microfilarial larvae in fine needle aspiration (fna) cytology of breast lump masquerading as encysted trichinella spiralis. | | 1997 | 9134339 |
| tropical vaginal hydroceles: are they all filarial in origin? | hydrocele of the tunica vaginalis testis has been conventionally used as an absolute indicator of filarial disease in most clinical surveys. the prevalence of filarial etiology in 100 consecutive hydroceles was studied using clinical, parasitological, histopathological and immunological parameters. filarial etiology could be proved in 57% of hydrocele cases using major criteria: presence of microfilaria in hydrocele fluid, presence of chyle in hydrocele fluid, demonstration of adult worm in tuni ... | 1995 | 9139387 |
| molecular phylogenetic studies on filarial parasites based on 5s ribosomal spacer sequences. | this paper is the first large-scale molecular phylogenetic study on filarial parasites (family onchocercidae) which includes 16 species of 6 genera: brugia beaveri ash et little, 1962, b. buckleyi dissanaike et paramananthan, 1961; b. malayi (brug, 1927) buckley, 1960; b. pahangi (buckley et edeson, 1956) buckley, 1960; b. patei (buckley, nelson et heisch, 1958) buckley, 1960; b. timori partono et al, 1977; wuchereria bancrofti (cobbold, 1877) seurat, 1921: w. kalimantani palmieri. purnomo, denn ... | 1994 | 9140481 |
| prevalence of bancroftian filariasis in burdwan district, west bengal: ii. vector and microfilariae density in colliery and non-colliery areas. | the paper reports the density of culex quinquefasciatus, infection and infectivity rates, microfilariae(mf)- density and microfilaraemic persons in the colliery and non-colliery areas of burdwan district, west bengal. the numbers c. quinquefasciatus were significantly higher in colliery areas, as compared to non-colliery areas. the infection rate and infectivity rates of the vector were found to be higher in colliery areas. the higher vector density in colliery area is one of the major reasons o ... | 1995 | 9163714 |
| finding parts of a gravid female wuchereria bancrofti in a breast aspirate. | | 1997 | 9164031 |
| ivermectin for the chemotherapy of bancroftian filariasis: a meta-analysis of the effect of single treatment. | the efficacy and safety of ivermectin in the treatment of filariasis due to wuchereria bancrofti was assessed by a meta-analysis of the results from 15 published clinical trials. seven hundred and forty-eight microfilaraemic patients were enrolled in 7 dose-finding and 8 comparative studies. administered as a single dose, ivermectin induced nearly complete clearance of microfilariae from the blood from the first day to 30 days post-treatment, followed by gradual recurrence of microfilaraemia and ... | 1997 | 9171850 |
| detection of living adult wuchereria bancrofti in a patient with tropical pulmonary eosinophilia. | tropical pulmonary eosinophilia (tpe) is a relatively unusual and diagnostically challenging manifestation of infection with wuchereria bancrofti. the pathogenesis of tpe remains unclear, although immune hyperresponsiveness to the microfilarial stage of the parasite is thought to play an essential role. microfilariae are almost never detected in the peripheral blood of persons with tpe and living adult worms have not been reported. thus, no parasitologic marker has existed with which to assess t ... | 1996 | 9181082 |
| a polymerase chain reaction-based assay for detection of wuchereria bancrofti in human blood and culex pipiens. | human blood samples and indoor-resting culex pipiens were collected in 33 randomly selected houses from different sectors of a village in the nile delta of egypt which was endemic for wuchereria bancrofti. blood was also collected from subjects with no history of living in filarial endemic areas. human blood samples were divided and assessed by both membrane filtration and polymerase chain reaction (pcr). similarly, mosquito samples were assessed by both dissection and pcr. blood pools represent ... | 1997 | 9196756 |
| demonstration of immunoglobulin g antibodies against onchocerca volvulus excretory-secretory antigens in different forms and stages of onchocerciasis. | the excretory-secretory (e-s) products of helminths are considered to comprise immunogenic molecules of high diagnostic value. in the present study, the serodiagnostic potential of the e-s products released in vitro by cultured female onchocerca volvulus was investigated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and western blotting using 190 serum samples from persons infected with o. volvulus and unexposed persons. the sensitivity of detection of anti-o. volvulus e-s antibodies was 94% for ... | 1997 | 9196778 |
| reduction of wuchereria bancrofti adult worm circulating antigen after annual treatments of diethylcarbamazine combined with ivermectin in french polynesia. | circulating filarial antigen (cfa), determined with og4c3 elisa, is a marker of wuchereria bancrofti adult worm infection. the reduction of cfa over 2 years was determined in 185 microfilaremic and 111 amicrofilaremic but cfa+ adults given an annual dose of either diethylcarbamazine (dec) or ivermectin or the two combined. reduction of cfa level was good with dec but weak with ivermectin and followed the same pattern in amicrofilaremic and microfilaremic groups. combinations and dec alone had a ... | 1997 | 9203681 |
| transmission intensity and its relationship to infection and disease due to wuchereria bancrofti in papua new guinea. | this study describes the relationship between transmission intensity and infection and disease due to wuchereria bancrofti in an endemic area of papua new guinea. the prevalence of microfilaremia in the entire study population was 66%. of 1892 persons examined, 6.2% and 12.3% had lymphedema of the legs and hydroceles, respectively. the prevalences of microfilaremia and clinical morbidity were lowest in persons <20 years old and increased progressively with age. annual transmission potential and ... | 1997 | 9207373 |
| experimental transmission of nocturnally periodic wuchereria bancrofti to indian leaf monkey (presbytis entellus). | successful experimental transmission of the human lymphatic dwelling nocturnal periodic strain of wuchereria bancrofti has been achieved from man to indian leaf monkey (presbytis entellus) through a susceptible strain of aedes aegypti. the prepatent period varied between 195 and 240 days. microfilaria (mf) levels were in general low and the peak count was attained at 1800 hr. of the adult worms 5-12.5% were recovered from male langur while females revealed poor (2.54%) recovery. this host--paras ... | 1997 | 9207745 |
| [a study on transmission of bancroftian filariasis in tancheng county, south shandong province]. | a longitudinal study was conducted to explore transmission dynamics and epidemic trend of bancroftian filariasis in huayuan village, shengli township, tancheng county, shandong province, a previous highly endemic area of it, from 1984, the fifth year after its preliminary eradication, to 1993, without any control measures being taken. results showed proportions of residents with microfilaremia decreased to 0.12% in 1993 from 0.56% before the study. eight of the nine microfilaria carriers before ... | 1996 | 9208520 |
| detection of loa loa-specific dna in blood from occult-infected individuals. | accurate and specific diagnosis of human loiasis is of crucial importance in an endemic area where two-thirds of infected individuals are without circulating microfilariae (occult loiasis). by using the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and specific primers to the repeat 3 region (15r3) of the gene coding for loa loa 15-kda polyprotein antigen, dna was amplified from total blood lysate of occult-infected subjects. a 396-bp dna fragment was specifically detected. we tested the specificity of this m ... | 1997 | 9225766 |
| glutathione-binding proteins of setaria digitata: antibody responses in human infected with wuchereria bancrofti. | glutathione-s-transferase activity was determined in filarial parasites. the activity was detected in adult stages of cattle parasite setaria digitata. it was absent in other stages of setaria and also in infective larval stages of wuchereria bancrofti and brugia malayi. the activity was enhanced about twenty five fold following purification of adult setaria extracts on glutathione agarose column. antibody (igg and igm) levels to the affinity purified proteins (sdgbp) were detected predominantly ... | 1996 | 9226683 |
| bancroftian filariasis: long-term effect of the dec provocative day test on microfilaraemia. | the diethylcarbamazine (dec) provocative day test has been widely used for daytime diagnosis of wuchereria bancrofti infections in areas where microfilariae exhibit nocturnal periodicity. since dec is also the primary drug for treatment of bancroftian filariasis, we examined the long term effect of the test on microfilaraemia in 2 groups of individuals receiving either 100 mg of dec (n = 51) or placebo (n = 20). the low dose of dec had a significant therapeutic effect. one year after treatment, ... | 1997 | 9231199 |
| success against lymphatic filariasis. | a campaign against lymphatic filariasis began in china's shandong province during 1956. epidemiological surveillance since 1984 indicates that the transmission of infection has been interrupted. the factors accounting for this are discussed and the continuing challenges presented by the disease are outlined. | 1997 | 9233057 |
| [role of culex quinquefasciatus in the transmission of bancroftian filariasis in the federal islamic republic of comoros (indian ocean)]. | in october 1988-january 1989, as a part of a malaria and filariasis control programme in federal islamic republic of comoros an entomological survey was carried out in 19 rural and urban localities of grande comore. anjouan and moheli islands. the potential breeding places were examined and pyrethrum spray catches were made to evaluate the indoor resting densities of mosquitos. a total of 14.578 adult mosquitos potential vectors of filariasis was collected: 94.5% culex quinquefasciatus, 3.5% ano ... | 1994 | 9235195 |
| filarial infection of the breast--fine needle aspiration cytology diagnosis. | | 1996 | 9251322 |
| pott's paraplegia like presentation: a neurological complication of lymphatic filariasis. | | 1996 | 9251355 |
| potential transmission of bancroftian filariasis in urban thailand. | | 1996 | 9253896 |
| filariasis transmission potential of mosquitoes to humans of different age groups. | age-specific levels of wuchereria bancrofti infection determined by microfilaremia in filarious 10 to 60 years old males from endemic village revealed that microfilaria intensity was higher in younger age, presumably because of increased vector biting rate of younger individuals. out of 1334 cx. pipiens captured while attempting to bite 51 child-adult bait pairs, 54.0% selected a host in the 10-15 age group. biting preference towards children was more evaluated (79.2%) later than earlier in the ... | 1997 | 9257974 |
| diethylcarbamazine: effect on lysosomal enzymes and acetylcholine in wuchereria bancrofti infection. | we measured the levels of lysosomal enzymes and acetylcholine in wuchereria bancrofti-infected asymptomatic microfilaraemic human serum, and found a significant decrease in the activity of beta-glucuronidase and acid phosphatase compared to normal serum. acetylcholine levels were also decreased during infection. however, after giving diethylcarbamazine (6 mg/kg body wt/day) the level of lysosomal enzymes and acetylcholine increased and reached a normal value after two weeks of therapy. it is pro ... | 1997 | 9270736 |
| cellular immune response studies in bancroftian filariasis. | an attempt was made to identify the filarial specific antigens that are capable of inducing immune response in human filariasis. lymphocytes were taken from three clinically defined groups living in an endemic area in madras, namely microfilaraemic (mf) subjects with microfilariae in their blood smear without any clinical symptoms, chronic pathology (cp) individuals with lymphangitis or lymphadenitis in combination with a history of recurrent filarial fevers or lymphoedema, and endemic normals ( ... | 1997 | 9271478 |
| [diethylcarbamazine in the treatment of bancroft's filariasis]. | the authors presented a detailed review about the treatment of bancroftian filariasis with diethylcarbamazine. the interesting aspects about the drug discovery and the basic concepts about its pharmacology were reported in a summarised form. on the other hand, emphasis was made about the speculation done by several authors about the intriguing findings regarding its efficacy reported in the literature. latter, it was brought the new advances about the disease, as for example, the visualization b ... | 1997 | 9273570 |
| randomised placebo-controlled comparison of ivermectin and albendazole alone and in combination for wuchereria bancrofti microfilaraemia in haitian children. | lymphatic filariasis and intestinal helminth infections are important disorders in tropical areas. periodic treatment with albendazole is now used in many school-based intestinal helminth-control programmes. however, few such programmes exist for lymphatic filariasis, despite evidence that single-dose treatment with ivermectin can greatly reduce the concentration of wuchereria bancrofti microfilariae in the blood for months to years. we aimed to assess the potential for school-based control of l ... | 1997 | 9274584 |
| recent advances in diagnosis of filarial infections. | improved diagnostic methods for human filariasis are needed to facilitate surveillance activities, to monitor control efforts and to evaluate new drugs and vaccines. currently, diagnosis of filarial infections largely depends upon detection of worms themselves, principally of microfilariae in blood or skin. in many infected people with lymphatic filariae, microfilariae (mf) are not detectable in blood, and removal of skin snips for detection of microfilariae in onchocerciasis seems a rather prim ... | 1997 | 9279128 |
| a study to evaluate the impact of different dose/frequency of temephos 50% ec for control of cx. quinquefasciatus vector of bancroftian filariasis. | | 1997 | 9282519 |
| detection of microfilarial antigen in circulating immune complex from sera of wuchereria bancrofti-infected individuals. | polyethylene glycol-precipitated circulating immune complexes (cics) from the sera of patients with bancroftian filariasis were examined for parasite antigen content by an elisa. of the 227 patients, 214 were asymptomatic microfilariae carriers with microfilaremias ranging between six and 14,000/ml blood, and 13 were symptomatic patients with chronic filariasis without microfilaremia. in addition, the sera of 10 of the patients treated with diethyl carbamazine were also examined. these assays we ... | 1997 | 9288817 |
| field evaluation of bacillus sphaericus, h5a5b and b. thuringiensis var. israelensis, h-14 against the bancroftian filariasis vector culex quinquefasciatus, say in chennai, india. | fortnightly application of bacillus sphaericus (strain b101, serotype h5a5b) and b. thuringiensis var. israelensis (strain 164, serotype h-14) in two different waterways of chennai @ 1 g/sq m surface area has resulted in significant reduction in both immature and adult densities of culex quinquefasciatus say. the use of these biolarvicides as biocontrol agents is suggested in the urban areas to control mosquitoes in general. | 1997 | 9291671 |
| a comparison of two brazilian populations of culex quinquefasciatus (say, 1823) from endemic and non-endemic areas to infection with wuchereria bancrofti (cobbold, 1877). | culex quinquefasciatus is known to be an efficient insect host of wuchereria bancrofti. in brazil cx. quinquefasciatus is widely distributed throughout the country and is often abundant in and around human habitations. in contrast, bancroftian filariasis is limited to three foci in brazil. experiments were undertaken to compare the vector capacities of cx. quinquefasciatus originating from maceió (alagoas), one of the endemic areas of w. bancrofti infection in brazil, and belo horizonte (minas g ... | 1997 | 9302411 |
| improvement and application of a polymerase chain reaction system for detection of wuchereria bancrofti in culex quinquefasciatus and human blood samples. | | 1997 | 9302415 |
| investigation of the influence of maternal infection with wuchereria bancrofti on the humoral and cellular responses of neonates to filarial antigens. | epidemiological data indicate that maternal filarial infection might be associated with increased susceptibility to filarial infection in offspring. to examine the influence of maternal infection on development of antifilarial immunity in neonates, paired cord and maternal sera and mononuclear cells were collected in an area where wuchereria bancrofti infection is endemic. anti-filarial humoral responses (igg, igm and ige) non-parasite-specific humoral responses (total ige), proliferation induce ... | 1997 | 9329982 |
| filarial lymphadenitis. | | 1997 | 9332120 |
| mosquito vectors of bancroftian filariasis in kwale district, kenya. | a total of 2,906 female mosquitoes were collected over a period of one year using pyrethrum spray-sheet and human bait methods, and dissected for filaria larvae in three hinterland villages of coastal kenya. the dominant species, anopheles gambiae and anopheles funestus were also found to be the main vectors. from the spray catch collections 0,9 and 1 cx. quinquefasciatus, an. gambiae and an. funestus out of 491, 708 and 403 respectively were infective. in the same order, 4, 2 and 2 out of 512, ... | 1997 | 9337005 |
| clearance of wuchereria bancrofti antigen after treatment with diethylcarbamazine or ivermectin. | the present study was undertaken to assess the relationship between microfilarial clearance and clearance of circulating filarial antigen from the blood of wuchereria bancrofti-infected persons following chemotherapy with either diethylcarbamazine or ivermectin. patients received either 12 weekly doses of 6 mg/kg of diethylcarbamazine (dec), a single dose of 6 mg/kg of dec, a single dose of 420 microg/kg of ivermectin, or 20 microg/kg of ivermectin, followed by 6 mg/kg of dec five days later. mi ... | 1997 | 9347968 |
| circulating connective tissue metabolites in patients with bancroftian filariasis. | sera from adults from an area of tanzania with high endemicity for wuchereria bancrofti infection were examined for 4 serological markers of extracellular matrix activity, namely the amino-terminal propeptide of type iii procollagen (piiinp), the carboxy-terminal propeptide of type i procollagen (picp), the carboxy-terminal telopeptide of type i collagen (ictp), and hyaluronan. sera from individuals with non-filarial elephantiasis and from healthy danes were included as controls. no association ... | 1997 | 9373649 |
| scarification as a risk factor for rapid progression of filarial elephantiasis. | | 1997 | 9373650 |
| cytologic diagnosis of bancroft's filariasis presenting as generalized lymphadenopathy. | | 1997 | 9390162 |
| molecular methods for diagnosis and epidemiological studies of parasitic infections. | direct microscopy is widely used for the diagnosis of parasitic infections although it often requires an experienced microscopist for accurate diagnosis, is labour intensive and not very sensitive. in order to overcome some of these shortcomings, molecular or nucleic acid-based diagnostic methods for parasitic infections have been developed over the past 12 years. the parasites which have been studied with these techniques include the human plasmodia, leishmania, the trypanosomes, toxoplasma gon ... | 1997 | 9394184 |
| field trial of a rapid card test for wuchereria bancrofti. | | 1997 | 9400522 |
| development of wuchereria bancrofti in culex pipiens l. (diptera: culicidae) exposed in the larval instar to sublethal dosages of insecticides and one insect growth regulator and their influence on reproduction of filaria-infected mosquitoes. | the effects of exposure of culex pipiens larvae to sublethel concentrations of larvicides on uptake, development of wuchereria bancrofti, survival rate and reproduction of filaria-infected mosquitoes were investigated. fourth instar larvae of cx. pipiens were exposed to lc40 of the surfactant triton x-100, the insect growth regulator dpx alone or combined with lc10 of the surfactant and permethrin alone or combined with lc10 of the surfactant. adults that survived insecticide treatments and cont ... | 1997 | 9425827 |
| effect of wuchereria bancrofti (cobbold infection on the biological activities of culex pipiens l. (diptera: culicidae) in egypt. | the impact of moderate infection with wuchereria bancrofti (cobbold) (25 mf/50 microliters blood) on the biological activities of culex pipiens l. were investigated. data revealed that w. bancrofti parasites did not interfere significantly with the oviposition rate (81.97%, 80.228% in non-infected and infected mosquitoes, respectively), fecundity (73.56 +/- 4.56 and 74.23 +/- 5.05 eggs/female) duration of the gonotrophic cycle (6.34 +/- 0.29 and 6.05 +/- 0.26 days), or egg hatchability (88.06% a ... | 1997 | 9425829 |
| multiplex polymerase chain reaction for detection of dirofilaria immitis (filariidea: onchocercidae) and wuchereria bancrofti (filarioidea: dipetalonematidae) in their common vector aedes polynesiensis (diptera: culicidae). | in french polynesia, aedes polynesiensis (marks) is the vector of the human filarial parasite wuchereria bancrofti (cobbold) and dog heartworm, dirofilaria immitis (leidy). a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay was designed to screen pools of field-collected ae. polynesiensis for the presence of both parasites simultaneously using primers specific for each parasite. the sensitivity of detection on purified dna was 1 and 10 pg, equivalent to 0.1 and 1 l3 larva per pool for w. bancroft ... | 1997 | 9439132 |
| studies on the transmission potential of surviving microfilaremias after basic control of filariasis. | after filariasis was basically controlled (the microfilarial rate was lower than 1%) in henan province in 1987, longitudinal observation of the disease has been carried out in all the province in order to study the regular pattern of growth and decline or the transmission potential of the disease. according to the distribution of filaria species and original microfilarial rate, 7 administrative villages in 7 counties were selected as surveillance sites. from 1988 to 1995, etiological and mosquit ... | 1997 | 9444011 |
| lymphatic filariasis in the americas. | | 1997 | 9447792 |
| randomised community-based trial of annual single-dose diethylcarbamazine with or without ivermectin against wuchereria bancrofti infection in human beings and mosquitoes. | who has targeted lymphatic filariasis for elimination. studies of vector-parasite relations of wuchereria bancrofti suggest that a reduction in the microfilarial reservoir by mass chemotherapy may interrupt transmission and thereby eliminate infection. however, no field data exist on the impact of chemotherapy alone on vector efficiency and transmission intensity of w bancrofti. we compared the impact of an annual community-wide single-dose treatment with diethylcarbamazine alone or with ivermec ... | 1998 | 9449870 |
| trend of wuchereria bancrofti infection in pondicherry urban agglomeration after the withdrawal of a five year vector control programme. | a study was undertaken to investigate the changes in the prevalence of bancroftian filariasis after six years of withdrawal of a five year (1981-85) vector control programme in pondicherry and the results are presented in this paper. though there was a drastic increase in the intensity of transmission of filariasis after the withdrawal of vector control operations in 1986, the prevalence of microfilaria (mf rate) of the population declined from 6.35% in 1986 to 4.80% in 1992 (p < 0.05). however, ... | 1997 | 9465531 |
| wuchereria bancrofti in tanzania: microfilarial periodicity and effect of blood sampling time on microfilarial intensities. | the circadian periodicity of wuchereria bancrofti microfilarial (mf) intensities in peripheral blood was analysed in a group of infected individuals from an endemic community in north-eastern tanzania. the mf density was quantified at two-hourly intervals for 24 hours. a clear nocturnal periodic pattern was observed. mathematical analysis of the data indicated a peak at 0152 h and a periodicity index of 117.5. a periodicity equation was developed describing the average relation between mf intens ... | 1997 | 9472300 |
| optimisation of immunoaffinity purification of wuchereria bancrofti specific antibodies from human sera. | immunoaffinity column using setaria digitata antigens coupled to cyanogen bromide activated sepharose 4b beads were developed to purify antibodies from sera of filarial patients. chaotropic (kscn) ion elution was more efficient for purifying specific antibodies from the column in comparison to ]c elution. dot blot analysis indicated that purified antibodies showed a high degree of reactivity with cattle filarial antigen and recombinant filarial protein but not with bacterial proteins of e. coli ... | 1997 | 9475043 |
| another tropical-drug donation. | | 1998 | 9482290 |
| quantitative assessment of circulating antigens in human lymphatic filariasis: a field evaluation of monoclonal antibody-based elisa using blood collected on filter strips. | to quantify circulating antigens in individuals with lymphatic filariasis by means of an elisa using blood on filter strips. | 1998 | 9484967 |
| secretory acetylcholinesterase of setaria cervi microfilariae and its antigenic cross-reactivity with wuchereria bancrofti. | setaria cervi, a bovine filarial parasite, secretes acetylcholinesterase during in vitro cultivation. a significant amount of enzyme activity was detected both in culture media and somatic extracts of different developmental stages of the parasite. the microfilarial stage showed a higher level of ache activity than adult worms, with females being considerably more active than males. the secretory enzyme from microfilariae preferentially utilized acetylthiocholine iodide as substrate and showed t ... | 1998 | 9484968 |
| community perception regarding chronic filarial swellings: a case study of the duruma of coastal kenya. | the aim of this study, carried out between august 1991 and august 1992, was to understand community perception regarding chronic filarial swellings in lutsangani village, kwale district, kenya. interviews were conducted with 65 patients and informal discussions held with family and community members. the results indicate that bodily change is the concern of most patients who felt that their physical appearance influenced community reactions towards them. these reactions varied from sympathy to n ... | 1997 | 9491170 |
| wuchereria bancrofti in kwale district, coastal kenya: patterns of focal distribution of infection, clinical manifestations and anti-filarial igg responsiveness. | a cross-sectional study of bancroftian filariasis was conducted in 2 adjacent communities, mvumoni and kilore in muhaka, kwale district. wuchereria bancrofti infection, clinical manifestations and anti-filarial igg responsiveness were determined before the long rains, a time coinciding with a low transmission season. the prevalence of microfilaraemia increased gradually with age and was significantly higher in kilore (24%) than in mvumoni (6.3%, p < 0.001). similarly, the prevalence of antigenae ... | 1998 | 9509027 |
| wuchereria bancrofti microfilaraemia in children in relation to parental infection status. | a total of 946 families with 2302 children was surveyed for microfilaraemia due to wuchereria bancrofti. the prevalence of microfilaraemia among offspring born to microfilaraemic parents was significantly higher than in those born to amicrofilaraemic parents (p = 0.0049; relative risk = 3.40). however, there was no statistically significant difference between the prevalence of microfilaraemia in children born to microfilaraemic mothers or microfilaraemic fathers, suggesting that parental (not on ... | 1997 | 9509177 |
| permethrin-impregnated bednet effects on resting and feeding behaviour of lymphatic filariasis vector mosquitoes in kenya. | the impact of permethrin-impregnated bednets on resting and feeding behaviour of mosquito vectors of wuchereria bancrofti, causing human lymphatic filariasis was studied in six pairs of villages (treated and untreated) before and after intervention. the study villages were in kwale district, near the coast of kenya, where bancroftian filariasis is highly endemic, transmitted by a combination of both anopheline and culicine mosquito vectors. mosquitoes were collected weekly in each village, indoo ... | 1998 | 9513939 |