| leishmania (viannia) peruviana (mhom/pe/lca08): comparison of thp-1 cell and murine macrophage susceptibility to axenic amastigotes for the screening of leishmanicidal compounds. | this study, undertaken to compare the susceptibility of thp-1 cells and murine peritoneal macrophages to leishmania peruviana amastigotes, obtained thp-1 infection with 10 parasites/cell compared to 2 parasites/murine macrophage. the parasite burden was maximal at 72 h post-infection (h.p.i.) for thp-1 cells, while it was still increasing at 120 h.p.i. for murine macrophages. since in both cases the infection with l. peruviana affected cell viability, we recommend evaluating any leishmanicidal a ... | 2009 | 19460378 |
| molecular diagnosis of canine visceral leishmaniasis: identification of leishmania species by pcr-rflp and quantification of parasite dna by real-time pcr. | the efficacies of polymerase chain reaction (pcr) procedures for the diagnosis of canine visceral leishmaniasis (cvl), and of pcr-restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) analysis for the identification of leishmania species, have been assessed. quantitative real-time pcr employing a sybr green dye-based system was standardised for the quantification of leishmania kdna minicircles. skin, peripheral blood and bone marrow samples collected from 217 dogs, asymptomatic or symptomatic for cvl, ... | 2009 | 19467216 |
| three-dimensional studies of pathogenic peptides from the c-terminal of trypanosoma cruzi ribosomal p proteins and their interaction with a monoclonal antibody structural model. | abstract: the acidic c-terminal peptides from trypanosoma cruzi ribosomal p proteins are the major target of the antibody response in patients suffering chagas chronic heart disease. it has been proposed that the disease is triggered by the cross-reaction of these antibodies with the second extra cellular loop of the beta1-adrenoreceptor, brought about by the molecular mimicry between the acidic c-terminal peptides and the receptor's loop. to improve the understanding of the structural basis of ... | 2009 | 19473527 |
| th1/th2 immune responses are associated with active cutaneous leishmaniasis and clinical cure is associated with strong interferon-gamma production. | in leishmaniasis, th1-related cytokines production seems to be crucial for host control of parasite burden and clinical cure. visceral and diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis are characterized by negative skin test for parasite antigens and failure to produce th1 cytokines, whereas tegumentary leishmaniasis is characterized by positive skin test and the ability of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs) to produce th1 cytokines. in this study, specific antibody plasma levels and cytokine producti ... | 2009 | 19480861 |
| atypical manifestations of tegumentary leishmaniasis in a transmission area of leishmania braziliensis in the state of bahia, brazil. | american tegumentary leishmaniasis (atl) can occur in different forms, classically categorised as cutaneous leishmaniasis, mucosal leishmaniasis, diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis and disseminated leishmaniasis. we analysed the presence of atypical manifestations (vegetative, verrucous, crusted and lupoid) among a cohort of patients presenting to the health post of corte de pedra, bahia, brazil. among 1396 patients diagnosed with atl in 2005-2006, 35 patients (2.5%) presented with atypical manifes ... | 2009 | 19481233 |
| extreme inbreeding in leishmania braziliensis. | leishmania species of the subgenus viannia and especially leishmania braziliensis are responsible for a large proportion of new world leishmaniasis cases. the reproductive mode of leishmania species has often been assumed to be predominantly clonal, but remains unsettled. we have investigated the genetic polymorphism at 12 microsatellite loci on 124 human strains of leishmania braziliensis from 2 countries, peru and bolivia. there is substantial genetic diversity, with an average of 12.4 +/- 4.4 ... | 2009 | 19497885 |
| geographic clustering of leishmaniasis in northeastern brazil. | to determine whether disease outcomes and clades of leishmania braziliensis genotypes are associated, we studied geographic clustering of clades and most severe disease outcomes for leishmaniasis during 1999-2003 in corte de pedra in northeastern brazil. highly significant differences were observed in distribution of mucosal leishmaniasis versus disseminated leishmaniasis (dl) (p<0.0001). concordance was observed between distribution of these disease forms and clades of l. braziliensis genotypes ... | 2009 | 19523284 |
| drought, smallpox, and emergence of leishmania braziliensis in northeastern brazil. | cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by leishmania (vianna) braziliensis is a major health problem in the state of ceará in northeastern brazil. we propose that the disease emerged as a consequence of the displacement of persons from ceará to the amazon region following the great drought and smallpox epidemic of 1877-1879. as the economic and social situation in ceará deteriorated, approximately 55,000 residents migrated to the amazon region to find work, many on rubber plantations. those that returne ... | 2009 | 19523291 |
| cl gene cluster encoding several small nucleolar rnas: a comparison amongst trypanosomatids. | small nucleolar rnas (snornas) are small non-coding rnas that modify rna molecules such as rrna and snrna by guiding 2'-o-ribose methylation (c/d box snorna family) and pseudouridylation reactions (h/aca snorna family). h/aca snornas are also involved in trans-splicing in trypanosomatids. the aims of this work were to characterise the cl gene cluster that encodes several snornas in trypanosoma rangeli and compare it with clusters from trypanosoma cruzi, trypanosoma brucei, leishmania major, leis ... | 2009 | 19547875 |
| characterization in vivo and in vitro of a strain of leishmania (viannia) shawi from the amazon region. | the present study analyses complement resistance, cell surface carbohydrates expression, lipidic composition and morphology in vivo and in vitro, of leishmania (viannia) shawi, a parasite identified in the amazon region, pará state, in 1989. we demonstrated that promastigotes in the stationary (stat) growth phase are more resistant to complement lysis than in the logarithmic (log) growth phase. ultrastructural analyses and imidazol technique showed accumulation of lipids in stat growth phase pro ... | 2009 | 19567230 |
| detection of leishmania in unaffected mucosal tissues of patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by leishmania (viannia) species. | leishmania (viannia) species are the principal cause of mucosal leishmaniasis. the natural history and pathogenesis of mucosal disease are enigmatic. parasitological evaluation of mucosal tissues has been constrained by the invasiveness of conventional sampling methods. | 2009 | 19569974 |
| comparison of serological and parasitological methods for cutaneous leishmaniasis diagnosis in the state of paraná, brazil. | we evaluated the effectiveness of serological and parasitological methods for cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) diagnosis in patients from the central region of paraná state, southern brazil. five groups were compared: clinical diagnosis, parasitological diagnosis, communicants, inhabitants of a non-endemic area and carriers of other etiologies. two antigens were prepared from promastigotes of leishmania (viannia) braziliensis and leishmania (leishmania) amazonensis for indirect immunofluorescence as ... | 2009 | 19578630 |
| comparative expression profiling of leishmania: modulation in gene expression between species and in different host genetic backgrounds. | genome sequencing of leishmania species that give rise to a range of disease phenotypes in the host has revealed highly conserved gene content and synteny across the genus. only a small number of genes are differentially distributed between the three species sequenced to date, l. major, l. infantum and l. braziliensis. it is not yet known how many of these genes are expressed in the disease-promoting intracellular amastigotes of these species or whether genes conserved between the species are di ... | 2009 | 19582145 |
| development of a multilocus microsatellite typing approach for discriminating strains of leishmania (viannia) species. | a multilocus microsatellite typing (mlmt) approach based on the analysis of 15 independent loci has been developed for the discrimination of strains belonging to different viannia species. thirteen microsatellite loci were isolated de novo from microsatellite-enriched libraries for both leishmania braziliensis and l. guyanensis. two previously identified markers, ac01 and ac16, were modified and added to our marker set. markers were designed to contain simple dinucleotide repeats flanked by the ... | 2009 | 19587302 |
| intracellular replication-deficient leishmania donovani induces long lasting protective immunity against visceral leishmaniasis. | no vaccine is currently available for visceral leishmaniasis (vl) caused by leishmania donovani. this study addresses whether a live attenuated centrin gene-deleted l. donovani (ldcen1(-/-)) parasite can persist and be both safe and protective in animals. ldcen1(-/-) has a defect in amastigote replication both in vitro and ex vivo in human macrophages. safety was shown by the lack of parasites in spleen and liver in susceptible balb/c mice, immune compromised scid mice, and human vl model hamste ... | 2009 | 19592661 |
| second generation of 2h-benzimidazole 1,3-dioxide derivatives as anti-trypanosomatid agents: synthesis, biological evaluation, and mode of action studies. | exploring the influence of different substitution patterns of 2h-benzimidazole 1,3-dioxide derivatives (bzno) we prepared fifteen new derivatives. initially the bzno were tested against trypanosoma cruzi tulahuen 2 strain epimastigote form rendering very potent anti-t. cruzi agents. moreover, the bzno were able to inhibit the growth of virulent and resistant to benznidazole strains (cl brener clone, colombiana, and y strains) and to leishmania braziliensis. interestingly, bzno exhibited very hig ... | 2009 | 19616875 |
| leishmania amazonensis growth inhibitors: biological and theoretical features of sulfonamide 4-methoxychalcone derivatives. | current drugs for treating leishmaniasis are still associated with significant toxicity and failure rates. thus, new effective and less toxic antileishmanial agents are still in need. herein, we tested a series of sulfonamide 4-methoxychalcone derivatives against l. amazonensis promastigote and amastigote forms to identify its antileishmanial profile against this species compared to l. braziliensis. in addition, we used molecular modeling tools to determine stereoelectronic features that may lea ... | 2009 | 19629593 |
| dissimilar peptidase production by avirulent and virulent promastigotes of leishmania braziliensis: inference on the parasite proliferation and interaction with macrophages. | in the present paper, we have analysed the cellular and extracellular proteolytic activity profiles in 2 distinct leishmania braziliensis strains: a recently isolated (virulent) and a laboratory-adapted (avirulent) strain. quantitative and qualitative differences on the peptidase expression were observed in both strains. for instance, low-molecular mass acidic cysteine peptidase activities were detected exclusively in the virulent strain. similarly, metallopeptidase activities were mainly produc ... | 2009 | 19631015 |
| immunopathogenic competences of leishmania (v.) braziliensis and l. (l.) amazonensis in american cutaneous leishmaniasis. | the immunopathogenic competences of leishmania (v.) braziliensis and l. (l.) amazonensis were reviewed in the light of more recent features found in the clinical and immunopathological spectrum of american cutaneous leishmaniasis. it was shown a dichotomy in the interaction between these leishmania species and human t-cell immune response; while l. (v.) braziliensis shows a clear tendency to lead infection from the localized cutaneous leishmaniasis (lcl), a moderate t-cell hypersensitivity form ... | 2009 | 19646206 |
| recruitment of cd8(+) t cells expressing granzyme a is associated with lesion progression in human cutaneous leishmaniasis. | human infection with leishmania braziliensis leads to the establishment of cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl), characterized by the appearance of skin lesions that progress from nonulcerated to ulcerated forms. our goal was to characterize the immunological kinetics associated with this progression, comparing the cellular composition, cytokines and granzyme expression between lesions of patients with early (e-cl) and late stages (l-cl) of cl. histopathological analysis showed that lesions from l-cl ha ... | 2009 | 19646207 |
| genome-wide computational identification of functional rna elements in trypanosoma brucei. | post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression is the dominant regulatory mechanism in trypanosomatids as their mrnas are transcribed from polycistronic units. a few cis-acting rna elements in 3'-untranslated regions of mrnas have been identified in trypanosomatids, which affect the mrna stability or translation rate in different life stages of these parasites. other functional rnas (frnas) also play essential roles in these organisms. however, there has been no genome-wide analysis for iden ... | 2009 | 19653906 |
| different isolates from leishmania braziliensis complex induce distinct histopathological features in a murine model of infection. | the aim of this study was to evaluate the histopathological features in tissues of mice infected by human isolates (i, ii, and iii) or the reference m2903 strain of leishmania braziliensis complex. balb/c and c57bl/6 mice were infected in the hind footpad with 10(6) stationary-phase promastigotes of l. braziliensis complex. the evolution of lesions was observed for 10 weeks and the animals were then euthanized and liver, spleen and popliteal lymph nodes were collected. tissues were stained with ... | 2009 | 19656631 |
| successful treatment of childhood cutaneous leishmaniasis with liposomal amphotericin b: report of two cases. | treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis is sometimes difficult. no single ideal therapy has yet been identified and some of the drugs that are currently used are associated with significant toxicity. we present two cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis in children, one caused by leishmania infantum and the other by leishmania braziliensis. both of them were successfully treated with intravenous liposomal amphotericin b. | 2010 | 19656844 |
| the skin homing receptor cutaneous leucocyte-associated antigen (cla) is up-regulated by leishmania antigens in t lymphocytes during active cutaneous leishmaniasis. | the cutaneous leucocyte-associated antigen receptor (cla) can direct leishmania-specific t lymphocytes towards inflamed skin lesions. homing receptors [cla, lymphocyte-associated antigen 1 (lfa-1) or cd62l] were analysed in lymphocytes from blood and cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) lesions. cl patients with active lesions (a-cl) presented lower levels of t lymphocytes expressing the cla(+) phenotype (t cd4(+) = 10.4% +/- 7.5% and t cd8(+) = 5.8% +/- 3.4%) than did healthy subjects (hs) (t cd4(+) = ... | 2009 | 19664146 |
| trypanosomatid genomes contain several subfamilies of ingi-related retroposons. | retroposons are ubiquitous transposable elements found in the genomes of most eukaryotes, including trypanosomatids. the african and american trypanosomes (trypanosoma brucei and trypanosoma cruzi) contain long autonomous retroposons of the ingi clade (tbingi and l1tc, respectively) and short nonautonomous truncated versions (tbrime and nartc, respectively), as well as degenerate ingi-related retroposons devoid of coding capacity (dires). in contrast, leishmania major contains only remnants of e ... | 2009 | 19666780 |
| cutaneous leishmaniasis: a diagnosis of suspicion. | | 2009 | 19675049 |
| [identification of leishmania species isolated in human cases in mato grosso do sul, by means of the polymerase chain reaction]. | leishmaniases are endemic zoonoses in the state of mato grosso do sul. their etiological agents in this region of brazil are leishmania (leishmania) chagasi, leishmania (leishmania) amazonensis and leishmania (viannia) braziliensis. the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) is a tool with high specificity and sensitivity for identifying leishmania species. this study examined 39 cryopreserved isolates of leishmania that had been collected by bone marrow aspiration and/or lesion biopsy, depending on th ... | 2009 | 19684979 |
| challenges and perspectives in vaccination against leishmaniasis. | the leishmaniases are a group of diseases caused by protozoa of the genus leishmania and affect millions of people worldwide. the leishmaniases are transmitted to vertebrate hosts by phlebotomine sand flies. in this review, we focus on several issues that have been poorly addressed in ongoing efforts to develop a vaccine against leishmania, namely: vaccination with antigens present in sand fly saliva, vaccines based on intracellular leishmania antigens, and use of recombinant bcg as a vehicle fo ... | 2009 | 19698801 |
| proteomic characterization of the released/secreted proteins of leishmania (viannia) braziliensis promastigotes. | extracellular proteins secreted/released by protozoan parasites are key mediators of the host-parasite interaction. to characterise the profile of proteins secreted/released by leishmania (viannia) braziliensis promastigotes, a proteomic approach combining two-dimensional electrophoresis (2de), tandem matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight (maldi-tof/tof) mass spectrometry, and data mining was carried out. the 2de map revealed a set of 270 secreted protein spots from which 42 ... | 2009 | 19703603 |
| species diversity of leishmania (viannia) parasites circulating in an endemic area for cutaneous leishmaniasis located in the atlantic rainforest region of northeastern brazil. | to identify the aetiological agents of cutaneous leishmaniasis and to investigate the genetic polymorphism of leishmania (viannia) parasites circulating in an area with endemic cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) in the atlantic rainforest region of northeastern brazil. | 2009 | 19708899 |
| ex vivo and in vivo biological behavior of leishmania (viannia) shawi. | since the first description of leishmania (viannia) shawi, few studies were performed with this parasite. in the present work, the in vivo and ex vivo behavior of l. (viannia) shawi infection was studied using murine model. peritoneal macrophages from balb/c and c57bl/6 mice were infected with promastigotes in the stationary phase of growth; after 24 h, the infection index and nitric oxide (no) levels in the supernatant of the cultures were analyzed. balb/c and c57bl/6 mice were infected into th ... | 2009 | 19756748 |
| cysteine proteinases from promastigotes of leishmania (viannia) braziliensis. | leishmania (viannia) braziliensis is the major causative agent of american tegumentary leishmaniasis, a disease that has a wide geographical distribution and is a severe public health problem. the cysteine proteinase b (cpb) from leishmania spp. represents an important virulence factor. in this study, we characterized and localized cysteine proteinases in l. (v.) braziliensis promastigotes. by a combination of triton x-114 extraction, concanavalin a-affinity, and ion exchange chromatographies, w ... | 2009 | 19777260 |
| leishmania spp. identification by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis and its applications in french guiana. | leishmania (viannia) guyanensis was for many years the only species commonly identified in french guiana, but precise species identifications were quite rare. we describe a new restriction fragment length polymorphism-polymerase chain reaction technique using a 615-bp fragment of the rna polymerase ii gene and 2 restriction enzymes, tspri and hgai. seven reference strains (leishmania (leishmania) amazonensis, leishmania (viannia) lainsoni, leishmania (viannia) braziliensis, l. (v.) guyanensis, l ... | 2010 | 19782495 |
| [mucocutaneous leishmaniasis: an imported illness with ent repercussions]. | we report a case of mucocutaneous leishmaniasis, an uncommon illness in our area. leishmaniasis covers a group of diseases caused by protozoa of the genus leishmania with several pathogenic species transmitted by phlebotomus mosquitoes. leishmania braziliensis is endemic in parts of south america and is responsible for the mucocutaneous leishmaniasis reported here. the initial lesion is cutaneous and appears as an ulcer on arms or legs, leaving a scar. in some untreated cases, a late phase may a ... | 2009 | 19814979 |
| co-infection of leishmania (viannia) braziliensis and hiv: report of a case of mucosal leishmaniasis in cochabamba, bolivia. | we describe the first case of leishmania/hiv co-infection reported in bolivia. initially hospitalized with a diagnosis of pneumonia and bronchitis, the patient had numerous cutaneous and mucosal lesions caused by leishmania (viannia) braziliensis. the patient was also diagnosed as severely immunocompromised because of hiv infection. | 2009 | 19815865 |
| phlebotomine fauna (diptera: psychodidae) of an american cutaneous leishmaniasis endemic area in the state of mato grosso do sul, brazil. | the occurrence of an outbreak of cutaneous leishmaniasis associated with leishmania (leishmania) amazonensis in the municipality of bela vista, state of mato grosso do sul, brazil, and the absence of information on its vectors in this area led the authors to undertake captures of phlebotomine sand flies, using shannon traps and automatic cdc light traps, in domiciles, forested areas and animal shelters from february 2004-january 2006. a total of 808 specimens belonging to 18 sandfly species have ... | 2009 | 19820827 |
| comparative efficacies of two antimony regimens to treat leishmania braziliensis-induced cutaneous leishmaniasis in rhesus macaques (macaca mulatta). | this study compared the efficacies of two n-methylglucomine antimoniate (ma) dose regimens for treating macaques with leishmania braziliensis-induced chronic skin disease. whereas all animals treated with the full dose (20 mg ma/kg/day) were cured, 50% of the monkeys receiving a low-dose regimen (5 mg ma/kg/day) relapsed. the antimony concentrations in macaque plasma and tissue samples were greater in the full-dose group than in that receiving a subtherapeutic ma regimen. our data also suggest t ... | 2010 | 19822700 |
| tritrypdb: a functional genomic resource for the trypanosomatidae. | tritrypdb (http://tritrypdb.org) is an integrated database providing access to genome-scale datasets for kinetoplastid parasites, and supporting a variety of complex queries driven by research and development needs. tritrypdb is a collaborative project, utilizing the gus/wdk computational infrastructure developed by the eukaryotic pathogen bioinformatics resource center (eupathdb.org) to integrate genome annotation and analyses from genedb and elsewhere with a wide variety of functional genomics ... | 2010 | 19843604 |
| etiology of cutaneous leishmaniasis and anthropophilic vectors in juruti, pará state, brazil. | in a preliminary study in juruti, a mining municipality in western pará state, brazil, 12 out of 21 patients suspected of presenting cutaneous leishmaniasis showed positive pcr (ssurdna and g6pd): leishmania (viannia) braziliensis (9/12; 75%) and l. (v.) sp. (3/12; 25%). entomological studies in the same location revealed the presence of 12 different phlebotomine species (n =105). one of the most common species was lutzomyia (psychodopygus) complexa (17%) which is both highly anthropophilic and ... | 2009 | 19851628 |
| the trypikinome of five human pathogenic trypanosomatids: trypanosoma brucei, trypanosoma cruzi, leishmania major, leishmania braziliensis and leishmania infantum--new tools for designing specific inhibitors. | phosphatidylinositol (pi) kinases are at the heart of one of the major pathways of intracellular signal transduction. herein, we present the first report on a survey made by similarity searches against the five human pathogenic trypanosomatids trypanosoma brucei, trypanosoma cruzi, leishmania major, leishmania braziliensis and leishmania infantum genomes available to date for phosphatidylinositol- and related-kinases (trypiks). in addition to generating a panel called "the trypikinome", we propo ... | 2009 | 19852933 |
| in vitro sensitivity of leishmania (viannia) braziliensis and leishmania (leishmania) amazonensis brazilian isolates to meglumine antimoniate and amphotericin b. | resistance of leishmania parasites to specific chemotherapy has become a well-documented problem in the indian subcontinent in recent years but only a few studies have focused on the susceptibility of american leishmania isolates. our susceptibility assays to meglumine antimoniate were performed against intracellular amastigotes after standardizing an in vitro model of macrophage infection appropriate for leishmania (viannia) braziliensis isolates. for the determination of promastigote susceptib ... | 2010 | 19874570 |
| cxcl10 production by human monocytes in response to leishmania braziliensis infection. | leishmania (subgenus viannia) braziliensis is the causative agent of mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (ml) in south america, and ml is characterized by excessive t- and b-cell responses to the parasite. we speculate that the unbalanced production of inflammatory mediators in response to l. braziliensis infection contributes to cell recruitment and disease severity. to test this hypothesis, we first examined the response of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs) from healthy volunteers to l. brazi ... | 2010 | 19901067 |
| neutrophils and macrophages cooperate in host resistance against leishmania braziliensis infection. | neutrophils play an active role in the control of infections caused by intracellular pathogens such as leishmania. in the present study, we investigated the effect of neutrophil depletion at the time of leishmania braziliensis infection of balb/c mice and how neutrophils interact with the infected macrophage to promote parasite elimination. the in vivo depletion of neutrophils led to a significant increase in parasite load and enhanced the th1-th2 immune response in this experimental model of in ... | 2009 | 19923470 |
| cytochemical localization of atp diphosphohydrolase from leishmania (viannia) braziliensis promastigotes and identification of an antigenic and catalytically active isoform. | an atp diphosphohydrolase (ec 3.6.1.5) activity was identified in a leishmania (viannia) braziliensis promastigotes preparation (lb). ultrastructural cytochemical microscopy showed this protein on the parasite surface and also stained a possible similar protein at the mitochondrial membrane. isolation of an active atp diphosphohydrolase isoform from lb was obtained by cross-immunoreactivity with polyclonal anti-potato apyrase antibodies. these antibodies, immobilized on protein a-sepharose, immu ... | 2010 | 19961654 |
| epidemiological study on leishmaniasis in an area of environmental tourism and ecotourism, state of mato grosso do sul, 2006-2007. | the aims of this study were to carry out a serological survey of canine leishmaniasis and identify the phlebotomine fauna in the urban area of bonito, mato grosso do sul. the serological survey was conducted on a sample of 303 dogs, by means of the indirect immunofluorescence test. phlebotomines were captured using automated light traps. the serological survey found that 30% of the dogs were seropositive, both from the center and from all districts of the town. a total of 2,772 specimens of phle ... | 2009 | 19967228 |
| [new outbreak of american tegumentary leishmaniasis in a military training center in the zona da mata region, in the north of the state of pernambuco]. | a new outbreak of american tegumentary leishmaniasis among military personnel is reported, with 71 cases confirmed by means of clinical, epidemiological and laboratory criteria. seven samples were isolated and were identified as leishmania (viannia) braziliensis. the occurrence of outbreaks in this region confirms the endemic nature of this disease, and the magnitude of the occurrence seems to be related to non-adoption of individual protection measures. | 2009 | 19967247 |
| differential midgut attachment of leishmania (viannia) braziliensis in the sand flies lutzomyia (nyssomyia) whitmani and lutzomyia (nyssomyia) intermedia. | the interaction between leishmania and sand flies has been demonstrated in many old and new world species. besides the morphological differentiation from procyclic to infective metacyclic promastigotes, the parasite undergoes biochemical transformations in its major surface lipophosphoglycan (lpg). an upregulation of beta-glucose residues was previously shown in the lpg repeat units from procyclic to metacyclic phase in leishmania (viannia) braziliensis, which has not been reported in any leishm ... | 2010 | 20011070 |
| proven and putative vectors of american cutaneous leishmaniasis in brazil: aspects of their biology and vectorial competence. | the aim of the present review is to give relevant information on aspects of the biology and ecology, including the vectorial competence of lutzomyia sand fly species suggested as vectors of american cutaneous leishmaniasis in brazil. the disease, due to leishmania (viannia) braziliensis, has been registered in most municipalities in all the brazilian states and its transmission is associated with more than one sand fly species in each geographical region. a variety of leishmania species can be f ... | 2009 | 20027458 |
| genus-specific kinetoplast-dna pcr and parasite culture for the diagnosis of localised cutaneous leishmaniasis: applications for clinical trials under field conditions in brazil. | the positivities of two methods for the diagnosis of localised cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) were estimated in 280 patients enrolled in a clinical trial. the trial was conducted in an endemic area of leishmania (viannia) braziliensis and trial participants were patients with skin ulcers and positive leishmanin skin tests. patients underwent aspirative skin punctures of the ulcerated lesions and lymph nodes for in vitro cultures, which were processed under field conditions at the local health cent ... | 2009 | 20027466 |
| histopathology, humoral and cellular immune response in the murine model of leishmania (viannia) shawi. | leishmania (viannia) shawi was recently characterized and few studies concerning modifications in cellular and humoral immune responses in experimental leishmaniasis have been conducted. in this work, immunopathological changes induced by l. shawi in chronically infected balb/c mice were investigated. infected balb/c mice developed increased lesion size associated with strong inflammatory infiltrate diffusely distributed in the dermis, with highly infected macrophages. the humoral immune respons ... | 2010 | 20060062 |
| molecular identification of the parasites causing cutaneous leishmaniasis on the caribbean coast of colombia. | all clinical manifestations of leishmaniasis exist in colombia, the cutaneous form being the most frequent in the department of sucre, where the leishmania species associated with cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) is unknown. this study was carried out to determine which leishmania species was responsible for cl in sucre, based on amplification and sequencing of the cyt b gene. isolates of leishmania were obtained after cl diagnosis of eight patients who received attention in several health care cent ... | 2010 | 20084397 |
| sialic acids in different leishmania sp., its correlation with nitric oxide resistance and host responses. | the presence of different derivatives of sialic acids (sa) on leishmania donovani instigated us to investigate their status on different strains of leishmania sp. causing different forms of the disease. leishmania tropica (k27), leishmania major (jish118) and leishmania mexicana (lv4) responsible for cutaneous, leishmania braziliensis (l280) and leishmania amazonensis (lv81) causing diffuse and leishmania infantum (mon29) responsible for visceral leishmaniasis were included in this study. the st ... | 2010 | 20085901 |
| t cells specific to leishmania and other nonrelated microbial antigens can migrate to human leishmaniasis skin lesions. | immunopathological studies have contributed to the characterization of in situ inflammatory infiltrates in cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl). however, little is known about the t-cell antigen reactivity of these lesions. our objective was to analyze the responsiveness of lymphocytes from cl lesions to leishmanial and nonrelated antigens in terms of proliferation and the production of cytokines. mononuclear cells were extracted from lesions, and blood from cl patients infected with leishmania (viannia ... | 2010 | 20107484 |
| thrichomys laurentius (rodentia; echimyidae) as a putative reservoir of leishmania infantum and l. braziliensis: patterns of experimental infection. | the importance of the genus thrichomys in the retention of infection and transmission of leishmania species is supported by previous studies that describe an ancient interaction between caviomorphs and trypanosomatids and report the natural infection of thrichomys spp. moreover, these rodents are widely dispersed in brazil and recognized as important hosts of other tripanosomatids. our main purpose was to evaluate the putative role of thrichomys laurentius in the retention of infection and ampli ... | 2010 | 20126407 |
| [western blot, elisa and indirect immunofluorescence test evaluation of leishmania (leishmania) infantum-infected dogs]. | evaluating canine visceral leishmaniasis diagnostic test performance in colombia and adapting the western blot test in naturally and experimentally infected dogs. | 2009 | 20169220 |
| kdna minicircle signatures of leishmania (viannia) braziliensis in oral and nasal mucosa from mucosal leishmaniasis patients. | polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and low-stringency single-specific primer pcr (lssp-pcr) analyses were used to detect leishmania (viannia) braziliensis dna and investigate kdna signatures of parasite populations present in oral and nasal mucosa lesions from mucosal leishmaniasis patients. a total of 25 samples from 22 patients were processed by specific pcr/hybridization assays. parasite dna was detected in all samples analyzed. the intraspecific polymorphism of the variable region of l. (v.) br ... | 2010 | 20226327 |
| an enhanced method for the identification of leishmania spp. using real-time polymerase chain reaction and sequence analysis of the 7sl rna gene region. | the accurate identification of leishmania spp. is important for the treatment of infected patients. molecular methods offer an alternative to time-consuming traditional laboratory techniques for species determination. we redesigned a 7sl rna gene-based polymerase chain reaction and sequence assay for increased species identification. dna extracted from 17 reference strains and 10 cultured clinical isolates was examined. sequence comparison was used successfully to identify organisms to the compl ... | 2010 | 20226334 |
| differentiation of leishmania (viannia) panamensis and leishmania (v.) guyanensis using bcci for hsp70 pcr-rflp. | leishmania panamensis and leishmania guyanensis are two species of the subgenus viannia that are genetically very similar. both parasites are usually associated with cutaneous leishmaniasis, but also have the potential to cause the mucocutaneous form of the disease. in addition, the study of foci and consequently the identification of vectors and probable reservoirs involved in transmission require a correct differentiation between both species, which is important at epidemiological level. we ex ... | 2010 | 20227738 |
| lutzomyia sand fly diversity and rates of infection by wolbachia and an exotic leishmania species on barro colorado island, panama. | sand flies (diptera, psychodidae, phlebotominae) in the genus lutzomyia are the predominant vectors of the protozoan disease leishmaniasis in the new world. within the watershed of the panama canal, the cutaneous form of leishmaniasis is a continuous health threat for residents, tourists and members of an international research community. here we report the results of screening a tropical forest assemblage of sand fly species for infection by both leishmania and a microbe that can potentially se ... | 2010 | 20231892 |
| the leishmania mexicana a600 genes are functionally required for amastigote replication. | leishmania parasites, the causative agent of leishmaniasis, have a digenetic lifecycle consisting of the morphologically distinct insect vector stage (promastigote) and the mammalian infective amastigote stage. differentiation of promastigotes to the amastigote stage involves significant morphological and biochemical changes, however, very few genes have been characterised as being differentially expressed in the two stages. the leishmania a600 genes are one of the few gene families that exhibit ... | 2010 | 20307588 |
| survey of natural infection by leishmania in sand fly species collected in southeastern brazil. | in this study, we sought to identify sand fly vectors of the leishmania species that circulate in distinct eco-epidemiological disease-endemic rural areas within the espírito santo state in southeastern brazil. pcr amplification of a conserved region of the minicircle kdna was used to estimate infection rates in field-captured, peridomestic female sand flies. only 13 of the 1689 female sand fly specimens (0.77%) actually contained leishmania dna. leishmania braziliensis infections were found in ... | 2010 | 20346478 |
| first cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by leishmania (viannia) naiffi infection in surinam. | cutaneous leishmaniasis in surinam is generally caused by infection by leishmania guyanensis. we report three cases of infection with leishmania (viannia) naiffi, a leishmania species not described from surinam before. treatment with pentamidine proved to be effective. | 2010 | 20348504 |
| selection and phenotype characterization of potassium antimony tartrate-resistant populations of four new world leishmania species. | in the present study, we selected in vitro populations of leishmania viannia guyanensis, l.v. braziliensis, l. leishmania amazonensis and l.l. infantum chagasi that were resistant to potassium antimony tartrate (sbiii). the resistance index of these populations varied from 4- to 20-fold higher than that of their wild-type counterparts. to evaluate the stability of the resistance phenotype, these four resistant populations were passaged 37 to 47 times in a culture medium without sbiii. no change ... | 2010 | 20372925 |
| mucocutaneous leishmaniasis masquerading as wegener granulomatosis. | a 43-year-old brazilian female presented in 2001 with nasal stuffiness and sinusitis. a biopsy was consistent with limited wegener's granulomatosis although antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies were negative. her nasal inflammation progressed despite trials of prednisone, methotrexate, and azathioprine. a septal perforation developed and a repeat biopsy showed granulomatous inflammation. in 2006 the patient was referred to division of rheumatology, university of california, los angeles. the nos ... | 2010 | 20375822 |
| genome survey sequence analysis and identification of homologs of major surface protease (gp63) genes in trypanosoma rangeli. | in this study, 222 genome survey sequences were generated for trypanosoma rangeli strain p07 isolated from an opossum (didelphis albiventris) in minas gerais state, brazil. t. rangeli sequences were compared by blastx (basic local alignment search tool x) analysis with the assembled contigs of leishmania braziliensis, leishmania infantum, leishmania major, trypanosoma brucei, and trypanosoma cruzi. results revealed that 82% (182/222) of the sequences were associated with predicted proteins descr ... | 2010 | 20420528 |
| detection of leishmania braziliensis dna in american tegumentary leishmaniasis patients. | diagnostic tests for american tegumentary leishmaniasis were performed on blood samples of patients living in two endemic municipalities in the state of pernambuco, northeastern brazil. dna was extracted from 119 samples and used as template for polymerase chain reaction (pcr) analysis. the tests used primers specific for the kinetoplast mini-circle dna (kdna) of leishmania braziliensis, a species circulating in pernambuco, which amplify a 750 base pair target sequence. in total, 58 subjects (48 ... | 2010 | 20428600 |
| chemistry, cytotoxicity and antileishmanial activity of the essential oil from piper auritum. | leishmaniasis is one of the most important parasitic infections, but current treatments are unsatisfactory due to their toxicity, cost and resistance. therefore, the development of new antileishmanial compounds is imperative. many people who live in endemic areas use plants as an alternative to treat the disease. in this paper, we characterised the essential oil from piper auritum, evaluated its cytotoxicity and determined its antileishmanial activity. the chromatogram obtained by gas chromatogr ... | 2010 | 20428676 |
| the -2518bp promoter polymorphism at ccl2/mcp1 influences susceptibility to mucosal but not localized cutaneous leishmaniasis in brazil. | mucosal leishmaniasis (ml) follows localized cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) caused by leishmania braziliensis. proinflammatory responses mediate cl self-healing but are exaggerated in ml. proinflammatory monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (mcp-1; encoded by ccl2) is associated with cl. we explore its role in cl/ml through analysis of the regulatory ccl2 -2518bp promoter polymorphism in cl/ml population samples and families from brazil. genotype frequencies were compared among ml/cl cases and contr ... | 2010 | 20430117 |
| insulin-like growth factor-i induced and constitutive arginase activity differs among isolates of leishmania derived from patients with diverse clinical forms of leishmania braziliensis infection. | arginase activity has been related to leishmaniasis development, thus we studied the constitutive and insulin-like growth factor (igf) i-induced arginase activity of leishmania (viannia) braziliensis isolates from patients with different clinical forms of american tegumentary leishmaniasis (atl). isolates from mucosal leishmaniasis presented higher basal levels of arginase activity than isolates from other clinical forms of atl. isolates from disseminated leishmaniasis that present mucosal lesio ... | 2010 | 20451229 |
| leishmania spp. parasite isolation through inoculation of patient biopsy macerates in interferon gamma knockout mice. | isolation of leishmania parasite and species identification are important for confirmation and to help define the epidemiology of the leishmaniasis. mice are often used to isolate pathogens, but the most common mouse strains are resistant to infection with parasites from the leishmania (viannia) subgenus. in this study we tested the inoculation of interferon gamma knockout (ifngamma ko) mice with biopsy macerates from leishmania-infected patients to increase the possibility of isolating parasite ... | 2010 | 20464128 |
| targeted gene expression profiling in leishmania braziliensis and leishmania guyanensis parasites isolated from brazilian patients with different antimonial treatment outcomes. | in brazil, cutaneous leishmaniasis represents a serious public health problem, and chemotherapy is an important element of the clinical management of this disease. however, treatment efficacy is variable, a phenomenon that might be due to host and parasite (e.g., drug resistance) factors. to better understand the possible contribution of parasite factors to this phenomenon, we characterised 12 leishmania braziliensis (lb) and 25 leishmania guyanensis (lg) isolates collected from patients experie ... | 2010 | 20478409 |
| screening leishmania donovani-specific genes required for visceral infection. | comparison of the leishmania infantum genome with leishmania braziliensis and leishmania major genomes has identified 25 l. infantum species-specific genes that are absent or pseudogenes in l. major and l. braziliensis. to determine whether these l. infantum species-specific genes are involved in visceral leishmania infection, we cloned the orthologues of 14 l. infantum species-specific genes from the genetically closely related leishmania donovani and introduced them into l. major. two of these ... | 2010 | 20545850 |
| systemic and compartmentalised immune responses in a leishmania braziliensis-macaque model of self-healing cutaneous leishmaniasis. | we have recently introduced a macaque (macaca mulatta) model of leishmania braziliensis-induced chronic granulomatous cutaneous lesions affecting the nasal mucosa. using an l. braziliensis strain that produces self-healing dermal lesions in macaques, here we characterises the systemic and local cell-mediated immune responses that led to controlled growth of granulomas in the infected host. as detected using flow cytometry, more cytokine-producing t-cell subsets were observed in granuloma-derived ... | 2010 | 20546932 |
| leishmania (viannia) braziliensis: influence of successive in vitro cultivation on the expression of promastigote proteinases. | cysteine proteinases are an important virulence factor in leishmania parasites. in this study we analyzed the cysteine proteinase expression of infective leishmania (viannia) braziliensis promastigotes, examining the expression induced by successive in vitro passages in culture. we observed that this parasite presents a decrease in its virulence over balb/c macrophages, after successive passages in culture, but still they present proteinase activity, being capable of hydrolyzing the substrate pg ... | 2010 | 20553928 |
| differences in the antigenic profile and infectivity of murine macrophages of leishmania (viannia) parasites. | the antigenic profile and infectivity were compared between 3 recent leishmania (viannia) isolates from the amazonian region (instituto nacional de pesquisas da amazonia [inpa] strains) and 3 world health organization (who) reference species (leishmania guyanensis, leishmania braziliensis, and leishmania naiffi). differences were observed in the peak and extent of promastigote growth. the who reference strains exhibited significantly higher exponential growth as promastigotes than inpa strains. ... | 2010 | 20557195 |
| immunity to lutzomyia intermedia saliva modulates the inflammatory environment induced by leishmania braziliensis. | during blood feeding, sand flies inject leishmania parasites in the presence of saliva. the types and functions of cells present at the first host-parasite contact are critical to the outcome on infection and sand fly saliva has been shown to play an important role in this setting. herein, we investigated the in vivo chemotactic effects of lutzomyia intermedia saliva, the vector of leishmania braziliensis, combined or not with the parasite. | 2010 | 20559550 |
| t-bet, gata-3, and foxp3 expression and th1/th2 cytokine production in the clinical outcome of human infection with leishmania (viannia) species. | t cell differentiation determines susceptibility and resistance to experimental cutaneous leishmaniasis, yet mixed t1/th2 responses characterize the clinical spectrum of human infection with leishmania (viannia) species. | 2010 | 20583921 |
| the vectorial potential of lutzomyia (nyssomyia) intermedia and lutzomyia (n.) whitmani in the transmission of leishmania (v.) braziliensis can also be related to proteins attaching. | | 2010 | 20589075 |
| [recidivant laryngeal leishmaniasis: an unusual case in an immunocompetent patient treated with corticosteroids]. | leishmaniosis is a chronic parasitic disease, which in argentina is mainly caused by protozoa belonging to the leishmania (viannia) braziliensis complex, leading to cutaneous and mucosal pathologies. we report a rare case of laryngeal leishmaniosis in a 29 year-old man from jujuy province, argentina, who had been misdiagnosed with other pathologies, carrying this infectious disease for about 20 years. during 2008, the patient was admitted with complaints of progressive hoarseness of the voice an ... | 2010 | 20589333 |
| leishmania (viannia) braziliensis: immunoblotting analysis for the detection of igg subclasses in the diagnosis of symptomatic and asymptomatic dogs. | during a seroepidemiological survey 2004-2006 from areas in brazil endemic for american cutaneous leishmaniasis (acl), serum samples from 10 dogs with ulcerated cutaneous lesions (s-acl) and 52 asymptomatic dogs (as-acl) of unknown age and breed living in areas endemic for acl were monitored for 1 year for ulcerated cutaneous lesions and immunoblotting using peroxidase-conjugated secondary anti-igg, anti-igg1 and anti-igg2 dog antibodies. we reported that antibodies against leishmania (viannia) ... | 2010 | 20598805 |
| a battery of 12 microsatellite markers for genetic analysis of the leishmania (viannia) guyanensis complex. | we used 12 microsatellite markers developed for leishmania braziliensis to genotype 28 strains of the main species of the leishmania guyanensis complex (i.e. l. guyanensis and l. panamensis) collected in ecuador and peru. the important heterozygote deficits observed in these populations are similar with the previous data obtained in l. braziliensis and raise again the debate on the reproductive mode of these protozoan parasites. the data showed genetic polymorphism and geographical differentiati ... | 2010 | 20609264 |
| resistance of leishmania (viannia) braziliensis to nitric oxide: correlation with antimony therapy and tnf-alpha production. | nitric oxide (no) produced in macrophages plays a pivotal role as a leishmanicidal agent. a previous study has demonstrated that 20% of the l. (v.) braziliensis isolated from initial cutaneous lesions of patients from the endemic area of corte de pedra, bahia, brazil, were no resistant. additionally, 5 to 11% of the patients did not respond to three or more antimony treatments" (refractory patients). the aim of this study is to investigate if there is an association between the resistance of l. ... | 2010 | 20633260 |
| transcriptomics throughout the life cycle of leishmania infantum: high down-regulation rate in the amastigote stage. | leishmania infantum is the causative agent of zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis in the mediterranean basin. the promastigote and amastigote stages alternate in the life cycle of the parasite, developing inside the sand-fly gut and inside mammalian phagocytic cells, respectively. high-throughput genomic and proteomic analyses have not focused their attention on promastigote development, although partial approaches have been made in leishmania major and leishmania braziliensis. for this reason we ha ... | 2010 | 20654620 |
| evaluation of electro-eluted antigens in the serological diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis. | | 2010 | 20659396 |
| leishmanicidal and reversal multidrug resistance constituents from aeonium lindleyi. | a new bicyclic diterpene with a labdane skeleton, 7-oxo-labd-8-en-15-ol ( 1), along with two known diterpenes and ten flavonoids were isolated from the leaves of aeonium lindleyi (crassulaceae). their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data, including 1d and 2d nmr experiments, and comparison with spectroscopic data reported in the literature. labdan-8 α,15-diol (2) and labd-8(17)-en-3 β,15-diol (3) showed leishmanicidal activity against leishmania tropica (ic (50) = 77.0 µ ... | 2011 | 20665372 |
| comparison of gene expression patterns among leishmania braziliensis clinical isolates showing a different in vitro susceptibility to pentavalent antimony. | evaluation of leishmania drug susceptibility depends on in vitro sb(v) susceptibility assays, which are labour-intensive and may give a biased view of the true parasite resistance. molecular markers are urgently needed to improve and simplify the monitoring of sb(v)-resistance. we analysed here the gene expression profile of 21 l. braziliensis clinical isolates in vitro defined as sb(v)-resistant and -sensitive, in order to identify potential resistance markers. | 2011 | 20678296 |
| clinical and demographic stratification of test performance: a pooled analysis of five laboratory diagnostic methods for american cutaneous leishmaniasis. | we evaluated performance characteristics of five diagnostic methods for cutaneous leishmaniasis. patients who came to the leishmania clinic of hospital nacional cayetano heredia in lima, peru, were enrolled in the study. lesion smears, culture, microculture, polymerase chain reaction (pcr), and leishmanin skin test (lst) were performed. a total of 145 patients with 202 lesions were enrolled: 114 patients with 161 lesions fulfilled criteria for cutaneous leishmaniasis. sensitivity and specificity ... | 2010 | 20682880 |
| leishmania tarentolae: utility as an in vitro model for screening of antileishmanial agents. | primary screens for antileishmanial compounds use leishmania species pathogenic to humans that must be handled under biosafety conditions that cannot be adopted or guaranteed everywhere. leishmania tarentolae, a parasite isolated from the gecko tarentolae annularis, has not been considered pathogenic to humans. promastigotes of l. tarentolae have been previously used as a eukaryotic expression system for the production of recombinant proteins and in the amplification of genes involved in resista ... | 2010 | 20685203 |
| use of fta cards for direct sampling of patients' lesions in the ecological study of cutaneous leishmaniasis. | the fta card (whatman) was assessed for its utility as a molecular epidemiological tool in collecting samples from patients with leishmaniasis in peru because the card has a variety of merits; it is less invasive for patients and easy to handle for both physicians and other medical personnel for sample collection or diagnosis, in addition to its simplicity and easy countrywide and/or intercountry transportation for analysis. samples were collected from 132 patients suspected of having leishmania ... | 2010 | 20720027 |
| sunlight triggered photodynamic ultradeformable liposomes against leishmania braziliensis are also leishmanicidal in the dark. | being independent of artificial power sources, self administered sunlight triggered photodynamic therapy could be a suitable alternative treatment for cutaneous leishmaniasis, that avoids the need for injectables and the toxic side effects of pentavalent antimonials. in this work we have determined the in vitro leishmanicidal activity of sunlight triggered photodynamic ultradeformable liposomes (udl). znpc is a hydrophobic zn phthalocyanine that showed 20% anti-promastigote activity (apa) and 20 ... | 2010 | 20727925 |
| "everything you always wanted to know about sex (but were afraid to ask)" in leishmania after two decades of laboratory and field analyses. | leishmaniases remain a major public health problem today (350 million people at risk, 12 million infected, and 2 million new infections per year). despite the considerable progress in cellular and molecular biology and in evolutionary genetics since 1990, the debate on the population structure and reproductive mode of leishmania is far from being settled and therefore deserves further investigation. two major hypotheses coexist: clonality versus sexuality. however, because of the lack of clear e ... | 2010 | 20808896 |
| murine model of chronic l. (viannia) panamensis infection: role of il-13 in disease. | leishmania (viannia) organisms are the most prevalent etiologic agents of human cutaneous leishmaniasis in the americas. nevertheless, our knowledge of the immunological mechanisms exploited by l. (viannia) organisms remains limited and the mechanisms underlying disease are not well understood. here, we report the development of a balb/c mouse model of l. (v.) panamensis infection that is able to reproduce chronic disease, with persistent infection and clinically evident lesions for over 1 year. ... | 2010 | 20827674 |
| immunoenzymatic assay for the diagnosis of american tegumentary leishmaniasis using soluble and membrane-enriched fractions from infectious leishmania (viannia) braziliensis. | the diagnosis of american tegumentary leishmaniasis (atl) is based on the visualization or isolation of the parasite, which is a time-consuming and poorly sensitive method. in this study, we evaluated the accuracy and reliability of elisa for the diagnosis of atl using soluble (sf) and membrane-enriched (mf) antigen fractions obtained from an infectious strain of leishmania (viannia) braziliensis. a total of 152 serum samples investigated at a referral center in rio de janeiro, brazil, between 2 ... | 2010 | 20872561 |
| anti-leishmanial effects of purified compounds from aerial parts of baccharis uncinella c. dc. (asteraceae). | species of baccharis exhibit antibiotic, antiseptic, wound-healing, and anti-protozoal properties, and have been used in the traditional medicine of south america for the treatment of several diseases. in the present work, the fractionation of etoh extract from aerial parts of baccharis uncinella indicated that the isolated compounds caffeic acid and pectolinaringenin showed inhibitory activity against leishmania (l.) amazonensis and leishmania (v.) braziliensis promastigotes, respectively. more ... | 2010 | 20886232 |
| leishmania-specific surface antigens show sub-genus sequence variation and immune recognition. | a family of hydrophilic acylated surface (hasp) proteins, containing extensive and variant amino acid repeats, is expressed at the plasma membrane in infective extracellular (metacyclic) and intracellular (amastigote) stages of old world leishmania species. while hasps are antigenic in the host and can induce protective immune responses, the biological functions of these leishmania-specific proteins remain unresolved. previous genome analysis has suggested that parasites of the sub-genus leishma ... | 2010 | 20927190 |
| antigenic extracts of leishmania braziliensis and leishmania amazonensis associated with saponin partially protects balb/c mice against leishmania chagasi infection by suppressing il-10 and il-4 production. | this study evaluated two vaccine candidates for their effectiveness in protecting balb/c mice against leishmania chagasi infection. these immunogenic preparations were composed of leishmania amazonensis or leishmania braziliensis antigenic extracts in association with saponin adjuvant. mice were given three subcutaneous doses of one of these vaccine candidates weekly for three weeks and four weeks later challenged with promastigotes of l. chagasi by intravenous injection. we observed that both v ... | 2010 | 20944999 |
| [mucocutaneous leishmaniasis in morocco, evidence of the parasite's ecological evolution?]. | | 2010 | 20947275 |
| natural infections of man-biting sand flies by leishmania and trypanosoma species in the northern peruvian andes. | abstract the natural infection of sand flies by leishmania species was studied in the andean areas of peru where cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by leishmania (viannia) peruviana is endemic. sand flies were captured by human bait and center for disease control (cdc) light trap catches at nambuque and padregual, department of la libertad, peru, and morphologically identified. among 377 female sand flies dissected, the two dominant man-biting species were lutzomyia (helcocyrtomyia) peruensis (211 f ... | 2010 | 20954867 |
| retention and loss of rna interference pathways in trypanosomatid protozoans. | rna interference (rnai) pathways are widespread in metaozoans but the genes required show variable occurrence or activity in eukaryotic microbes, including many pathogens. while some leishmania lack rnai activity and argonaute or dicer genes, we show that leishmania braziliensis and other species within the leishmania subgenus viannia elaborate active rnai machinery. strong attenuation of expression from a variety of reporter and endogenous genes was seen. as expected, rnai knockdowns of the sol ... | 2010 | 21060810 |
| characterization of leishmania spp. causing cutaneous leishmaniasis in manaus, amazonas, brazil. | in the state of amazonas, american tegumentary leishmaniasis is endemic and presents a wide spectrum of clinical variability due to the large diversity of circulating species in the region. isolates from patients in manaus and its metropolitan region were characterized using monoclonal antibodies and isoenzymes belonging to four species of the parasite: leishmania (viannia) guyanensis, 73% (153/209); leishmania (viannia) braziliensis, 14% (30/209); leishmania (leishmania) amazonensis, 8% (17/209 ... | 2010 | 21072540 |