| metabolo-transcriptome profiling of barley reveals induction of chitin elicitor receptor kinase gene (hvcerk1) conferring resistance against fusarium graminearum. | we report plausible disease resistance mechanisms induced by barley resistant genotype ci89831 against fusarium head blight (fhb) based on metabolo-transcriptomics approach. we identified hvcerk1 as a candidate gene for fhb resistance, which is functional in resistant genotype ci9831 but non-functional in susceptible cultivars h106-371 and zhedar-2. for the first time, we were able to show a hierarchy of regulatory genes that regulated downstream biosynthetic genes that eventually produced resis ... | 2017 | 27844244 |
| two fgleu2 genes with different roles in leucine biosynthesis and infection-related morphogenesis in fusarium graminearum. | 3-isopropylmalate dehydrogenase (ipmd) encoded by leu2 is a key enzyme in leucine (leu) biosynthetic pathway. analysis of the genome sequence of fusarium graminearum revealed two paralogous leu2 genes (designated as fgleu2a and fgleu2b) in this fungus and the deduced amino acid sequences of fgleu2a and fgleu2b share 45% identity. targeted disruption of individual fgleu2a/b gene in f. graminearum assigned a more crucial role of fgleu2a in leu biosynthesis as disruption of fgleu2a resulted in muta ... | 2016 | 27835660 |
| a single-nucleotide-polymorphism-based genotyping assay for simultaneous detection of different carbendazim-resistant genotypes in the fusarium graminearum species complex. | the occurrence resistance to methyl benzimidazole carbamates (mbc)-fungicides in the fusarium graminearum species complex (fgsc) is becoming a serious problem in the control of fusarium head blight in china. the resistance is caused by point mutations in the β2-tubulingene. so far, five resistant genotypes (f167y, e198q, e198l, e198k and f200y) have been reported in the field. to establish a high-throughput method for rapid detection of all the five mutations simultaneously, an efficient single- ... | 2016 | 27812414 |
| pvpgip2 accumulation in specific floral tissues but not in the endosperm limits fusarium graminearum infection in wheat. | fusarium head blight (fhb) caused by fusarium graminearum is one of the most destructive fungal diseases of wheat worldwide. the pathogen infects the spike at flowering time and causes severe yield losses, deterioration of grain quality, and accumulation of mycotoxins. the understanding of the precise means of pathogen entry and colonization of floral tissue is crucial to providing effective protection against fhb. polygalacturonase (pg) inhibiting proteins (pgips) are cell-wall proteins that in ... | 2016 | 27671121 |
| application of chitosan and chitosan nanoparticles for the control of fusarium head blight of wheat (fusarium graminearum) in vitro and greenhouse. | fusarium head blight (fhb) disease caused by fusarium graminearum is one of the most important diseases of wheat in humid and warm areas. this disease significantly reduces yield as well as seed quality. the aim of this work was to evaluate the possibility of control of fhb by chitosan (cs) and chitosan nanoparticles (cs/nps). in vitro, the application of various concentrations of cs and cs/nps showed significant inhibition of both radial mycelial growth and number of colonies formed against f. ... | 2016 | 27664927 |
| identification and characterization of a fusarium head blight resistance gene taact in wheat qtl-2dl. | fusarium head blight (fhb) resistance in wheat is considered to be polygenic in nature. cell wall fortification is one of the best resistance mechanisms in wheat against fusarium graminearum which causes fhb. metabolomics approach in our study led to the identification of a wide array of resistance-related (rr) metabolites, among which hydroxycinnamic acid amides (hcaas), such as coumaroylagmatine and coumaroylputrescine, were the highest fold change rr metabolites in the rachis of a resistant n ... | 2017 | 27663684 |
| antifungal metabolites from schinopsis balansae engl (anacardiaceae): isolation, identification and evidences of their mode of action on fusarium graminearum schwabe. | an antifungal activity-directed fractionation of leaf constituents from schinopsis balansae on fusarium graminearum yielded a fraction mainly made of a mixture of four 3-n-heptadec(en)ylcatechols (palk). the palk fraction showed on macroconidia germination a mic100 value of 500 μg/ml which was twofold higher than that required for prothioconazole (mic100 = 250 μg/ml). sublethal concentrations of palk modify the morphogenesis in germinating macroconidia, and decreased fungal production of h2o2 an ... | 2017 | 27806649 |
| wheat fhb1 encodes a chimeric lectin with agglutinin domains and a pore-forming toxin-like domain conferring resistance to fusarium head blight. | fusarium head blight (fhb), caused by fusarium graminearum, is a devastating disease of wheat and barley that leads to reduced yield and mycotoxin contamination of grain, making it unfit for human consumption. fhb is a global problem, with outbreaks in the united states, canada, europe, asia and south america. in the united states alone, total direct and secondary economic losses from 1993 to 2001 owing to fhb were estimated at $7.67 billion. fhb1 is the most consistently reported quantitative t ... | 2016 | 27776114 |
| determination of deoxynivalenol in the urine of pregnant women in the uk. | deoxynivalenol (don) is one of the most commonly occurring trichothecenes, produced mainly by fusarium graminearum. little is known about the effect of don exposure or the levels of don exposure that occur during pregnancy. the project aimed to provide data on levels of total don and de-epoxi deoxynivalenol (dom-1) in pregnant human urine samples analysed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (lc-ms). morning urine samples were collected over two consecutive days from 42 volunteers and asso ... | 2016 | 27792137 |
| fusarium head blight resistance qtl in the spring wheat cross kenyon/86ismn 2137. | fusarium head blight (fhb), caused by fusarium graminearum, is a very important disease of wheat globally. damage caused by f. graminearum includes reduced grain yield, reduced grain functional quality, and results in the presence of the trichothecene mycotoxin deoxynivalenol in fusarium-damaged kernels. the development of fhb resistant wheat cultivars is an important component of integrated management. the objective of this study was to identify qtl for fhb resistance in a recombinant inbred li ... | 2016 | 27790188 |
| the phospholipase c (fgplc1) is involved in regulation of development, pathogenicity, and stress responses in fusarium graminearum. | phospholipase c (plc) is an important phospholipid hydrolase that plays critical roles in various biological processes in eukaryotic cells. to elucidate the functions of plc in morphogenesis and pathogenesis in fusarium graminearum, deletion mutants were constructed of all six fgplc genes identified in this study. deletion of fgplc1, but not the other five fgplc genes, affected hyphal growth and conidiation. the fgplc1 deletion mutant (δplc1) also was defective in conidium germination and germ t ... | 2016 | 27777035 |
| aphid infestation increases fusarium langsethiae and t-2 and ht-2 mycotoxins in wheat. | fusarium langsethiae is a fungal pathogen of cereal crops that is an increasing problem in northern europe, but much of its epidemiology is poorly understood. the species produces the mycotoxins t-2 and ht-2, which are highly toxic. it was hypothesized that grain aphids, sitobion avenae, may transmit f. langsethiae inoculum between wheat plants, and a series of transmission experiments and volatile chemical analyses was performed to test this. manual translocation of aphids from inoculated to un ... | 2016 | 27590814 |
| rna-seq revealed differences in transcriptomes between 3adon and 15adon populations of fusarium graminearum in vitro and in planta. | fusarium graminearum is the major causal agent of fusarium head blight (fhb) in barley and wheat in north america. the fungus not only causes yield loss of the crops but also produces harmful trichothecene mycotoxins [deoxynivalenol (don) and its derivatives-3-acetyldeoxynivalenol (3adon) and 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol (15adon), and nivalenol (niv)] that contaminate grains. previous studies showed a dramatic increase of 3adon-producing isolates with higher aggressiveness and don production than the ... | 2016 | 27788144 |
| erratum to: transcriptome analysis of maize resistance to fusarium graminearum. | | 2016 | 27782800 |
| compression tests of fusarium graminearum ascocarps provide insights into the strength of the perithecial wall and the quantity of ascospores. | the plant pathogenic ascomycete fusarium graminearum produces perithecia on corn and small grain residues. these perithecia forcibly discharge ascospores into the atmosphere. little is known about the relationship among the strength of the perithecial wall, the age of the perithecium, and the quantity of ascospores produced. we used a mechanical compression testing instrument to examine the structural failure rate of perithecial walls from three different strains of f. graminearum (two wild type ... | 2016 | 27686515 |
| oligosaccharides containing an α-(1→2) (glucosyl/xylosyl)-fructosyl linkage as inducer molecules of trichothecene biosynthesis for fusarium graminearum. | fructo-oligosaccharides containing a sucrose unit are reported as carbon sources necessary for trichothecene production by fusarium graminearum. here we demonstrate that trichothecene production is induced when at least 100μm sucrose is added to a culture medium containing 333mm glucose in a 24-well plate. when glucose, the main carbon source of the medium, was replaced with galactose, maltose, or sorbitol, the addition of 100μm sucrose could no longer induce trichothecene production. however, r ... | 2016 | 27664790 |
| nmr structure and conformational dynamics of atpdfl2.1, a defensin-like peptide from arabidopsis thaliana. | plant defensins constitute the innate immune response against pathogens such as fungi and bacteria. typical plant defensins are small, basic peptides that possess a characteristic three-dimensional fold stabilized by three or four disulfide bridges. in addition to known defensin genes, the arabidopsis genome comprises >300 defensin-like genes coding for small cysteine-rich peptides. one of such genes encodes for atpdfl2.1, a putative antifungal peptide of 55 amino acids, with six cysteine residu ... | 2016 | 27592418 |
| colonization dynamic of various crop residues by fusarium graminearum monitored through real-time pcr measurements. | to evaluate the effect of the type of crop residues on the colonization dynamic of fusarium graminearum in soil. | 2016 | 27541831 |
| genome-wide characterization of pectin methyl esterase genes reveals members differentially expressed in tolerant and susceptible wheats in response to fusarium graminearum. | pectin methyl esterase (pme) genes code for enzymes that are involved in structural modifications of the plant cell wall during plant growth and development. they are also involved in plant-pathogen interaction. pme genes belong to a multigene family and in this study we report the first comprehensive analysis of the pme gene family in bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.). like in other species, the members of the tapme family are dispersed throughout the genome and their encoded products retain t ... | 2016 | 27393991 |
| reevaluation of two quantitative trait loci for type ii resistance to fusarium head blight in wheat germplasm pi 672538. | fusarium head blight (fhb), mainly caused by fusarium graminearum, is a destructive disease in wheat. a population consisting of 229 f2 and f2:3 plants derived from the cross pi 672538 × l661 was used to evaluate the reactions to fhb. the fhb resistance data distribution in the f2 population indicates that some quantitative trait loci (qtls) were controlling the fhb resistance in pi 672538. we further detected two major qtls (qfhs-2b, qfhs-3b) from analysis of the resistance data and the pcr-amp ... | 2017 | 27571309 |
| an rnai-based control of fusarium graminearum infections through spraying of long dsrnas involves a plant passage and is controlled by the fungal silencing machinery. | meeting the increasing food and energy demands of a growing population will require the development of ground-breaking strategies that promote sustainable plant production. host-induced gene silencing has shown great potential for controlling pest and diseases in crop plants. however, while delivery of inhibitory noncoding double-stranded (ds)rna by transgenic expression is a promising concept, it requires the generation of transgenic crop plants which may cause substantial delay for application ... | 2016 | 27737019 |
| identification of a novel mycovirus isolated from rhizoctonia solani (ag 2-2 iv) provides further information about genome plasticity within the order tymovirales. | the complete genome of a novel mycovirus, named rhizoctonia solani flexivirus 1 (rsfv-1), which infects an avirulent strain of rhizoctonia solani ag 2-2 iv, was sequenced and analyzed. its rna genome consists of 10,621 nucleotides, excluding the poly-a tail, and encodes a single protein of 3477 amino acids. the identification of conserved motifs of methyltransferase, helicase and rna-dependent rna polymerase revealed its relatedness to members of the alphavirus-like superfamily of positive-stran ... | 2017 | 27734236 |
| volatiles emitted from maize ears simultaneously infected with two fusarium species mirror the most competitive fungal pathogen. | along with barley and rice, maize provides staple food for more than half of the world population. maize ears are regularly infected with fungal pathogens of the fusarium genus, which, besides reducing yield, also taint grains with toxic metabolites. in an earlier work, we have shown that maize ears infection with single fusarium strains was detectable through volatile sensing. in nature, infection most commonly occurs with more than a single fungal strain; hence we tested how the interactions o ... | 2016 | 27729923 |
| the chitin synthase fgchs2 and other fgchss co-regulate vegetative development and virulence in f. graminearum. | fusarium graminearum contains eight chitin synthase (chs) genes belonging to seven classes. previous studies have found that deletion of fgchs3b is lethal to f. graminearum, and deletion of fgchs1, fgchs2, fgchs7 and fgchs5 caused diverse defects in chitin content, mycelial growth, conidiation, virulence or stress responses. however, little is known about the functional relationships among these fgchss. in this study, fgchs2 deletion mutant δfgchs2 exhibited reduced mycelial growth and virulence ... | 2016 | 27725723 |
| occurrence of toxigenic fusarium vorosii among small grain cereals in korea. | fusarium graminearum species complex (fgsc) causes fusarium head blight in small grain cereals. to date, four species (f. graminearum, f. asiaticum, f. boothii, and f. meridionale ) belonging to fgsc frequently occur in korean cereals. in addition, we first reported the occurrence of additional species (f. vorosii ) within fgsc, which was isolated from barley, corn, and rice in korea. phylogenetic analysis of the fusarium isolates of this group using combined multi-gene sequences confirmed speci ... | 2016 | 27721690 |
| crystal structure of os79 (os04g0206600) from oryza sativa: a udp-glucosyltransferase involved in the detoxification of deoxynivalenol. | fusarium head blight is a plant disease with significant agricultural and health impact which affects cereal crops such as wheat, barley, and maize and is characterized by reduced grain yield and the accumulation of trichothecene mycotoxins such as deoxynivalenol (don). studies have identified trichothecene production as a virulence factor in fusarium graminearum and have linked don resistance to the ability to form don-3-o-glucoside in wheat. here, the structures of a deoxynivalenol:udp-glucosy ... | 2016 | 27715009 |
| metabolomics and cheminformatics analysis of antifungal function of plant metabolites. | fusarium head blight (fhb), primarily caused by fusarium graminearum, is a devastating disease of wheat. partial resistance to fhb of several wheat cultivars includes specific metabolic responses to inoculation. previously published studies have determined major metabolic changes induced by pathogens in resistant and susceptible plants. functionality of the majority of these metabolites in resistance remains unknown. in this work we have made a compilation of all metabolites determined as select ... | 2016 | 27706030 |
| a natural mutation involving both pathogenicity and perithecium formation in the fusarium graminearum species complex. | members of the fusarium graminearum species complex (fg complex or fgsc) are the primary pathogens causing fusarium head blight in wheat and barley worldwide. a natural pathogenicity mutant (strain 0225022) was found in a sample of the fg complex collected in japan. the mutant strain did not induce symptoms in wheat spikes beyond the point of inoculation, and did not form perithecia. no segregation of phenotypic deficiencies occurred in the progenies of a cross between the mutant and a fully pat ... | 2016 | 27678518 |
| multiple minor qtls are responsible for fusarium head blight resistance in chinese wheat landrace haiyanzhong. | fusarium head blight (fhb), caused by fusarium graminearum schwabe, is a devastating disease in wheat (triticum aestivum l.). use of host resistance is one of the most effective strategies to minimize the disease damage. haiyanzhong (hyz) is a chinese wheat landrace that shows a high level of resistance to fhb spread within a spike (type ii resistance). to map the quantitative trait loci (qtls) in hyz and identify markers tightly linked to the qtls for fhb resistance, a population of 172 recombi ... | 2017 | 27676181 |
| root-hair endophyte stacking in finger millet creates a physicochemical barrier to trap the fungal pathogen fusarium graminearum. | the ancient african crop, finger millet, has broad resistance to pathogens including the toxigenic fungus fusarium graminearum. here, we report the discovery of a novel plant defence mechanism resulting from an unusual symbiosis between finger millet and a root-inhabiting bacterial endophyte, m6 (enterobacter sp.). seed-coated m6 swarms towards root-invading fusarium and is associated with the growth of root hairs, which then bend parallel to the root axis, subsequently forming biofilm-mediated ... | 2016 | 27669453 |
| incidence of diverse dsrna mycoviruses in trichoderma spp. causing green mold disease of shiitake lentinula edodes. | a total of 315 fungal isolates causing green mold disease were collected from contaminated artificial logs and sawdust bags used for cultivating shiitake lentinula edodes in korea and were analyzed for the presence of double-stranded rna (dsrna). dsrna, which was purified using dsrna-specific chromatography and verified by dsrna-specific rnaseiii digestion, was detected in 32 isolates. the molecular taxonomy of dsrna-infected isolates indicated that all isolates belonged to the trichoderma spp.. ... | 2016 | 27664058 |
| beyond ribosomal binding: the increased polarity and aberrant molecular interactions of 3-epi-deoxynivalenol. | deoxynivalenol (don) is a secondary fungal metabolite and contaminant mycotoxin that is widely detected in wheat and corn products cultivated around the world. bio-remediation methods have been extensively studied in the past two decades and promising ways to reduce don-associated toxicities have been reported. bacterial epimerization of don at the c3 carbon was recently reported to induce a significant loss in the bio-toxicity of the resulting stereoisomer (3-epi-don) in comparison to the paren ... | 2016 | 27618101 |
| characterization of the acivicin effects on trichothecene production by fusarium graminearum species complex. | | 2016 | 27600357 |
| characterization of antifungal natural products isolated from endophytic fungi of finger millet (eleusine coracana). | finger millet is an ancient african-indian crop that is resistant to many pathogens including the fungus, fusarium graminearum. we previously reported the first isolation of putative fungal endophytes from finger millet and showed that the crude extracts of four strains had anti-fusarium activity. however, active compounds were isolated from only one strain. the objectives of this study were to confirm the endophytic lifestyle of the three remaining anti-fusarium isolates, to identify the major ... | 2016 | 27598120 |
| fglpmo9a from fusarium graminearum cleaves xyloglucan independently of the backbone substitution pattern. | lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (lpmos) are important for the enzymatic conversion of biomass and seem to play a key role in degradation of the plant cell wall. in this study, we characterize an lpmo from the fungal plant pathogen fusarium graminearum (fglpmo9a) that catalyzes the mixed c1/c4 oxidative cleavage of cellulose and xyloglucan, but is inactive toward other (1,4)-linked β-glucans. our findings indicate that fglpmo9a has unprecedented broad specificity on xyloglucan, cleaving any g ... | 2016 | 27587308 |
| a quantitative method for determining relative colonization rates of maize callus by fusarium graminearum for resistance gene evaluations. | a quantitative pcr method was developed for detecting fusarium graminearum growing in maize callus. fungal dna was detected 12h after inoculation (detection limit, 0.2pg) and was correlated with visual ratings. the method effectively quantified fungal growth in callus overexpressing a peroxidase gene conferring fungal resistance. | 2016 | 27577788 |
| indole-3-acetic acid in fusarium graminearum: identification of biosynthetic pathways and characterization of physiological effects. | fusarium graminearum is a devastating pathogenic fungus causing fusarium head blight (fhb) of wheat. this fungus can produce indole-3-acetic acid (iaa) and a very large amount of iaa accumulates in wheat head tissues during the first few days of infection by f. graminearum. using liquid culture conditions, we have determined that f. graminearum can use tryptamine (tam) and indole-3-acetonitrile (ian) as biosynthetic intermediates to produce iaa. it is the first time that f. graminearum is shown ... | 2016 | 27567719 |
| graphene oxide-silver nanocomposite: novel agricultural antifungal agent against fusarium graminearum for crop disease prevention. | nanoparticle-based antibacterial agents have emerged as an interdisciplinary field involving medicine, material science, biology, and chemistry because of their size-dependent qualities, high surface-to-volume ratio, and unique physiochemical properties. some of them have shown great promise for their application in plant protection and nutrition. here, go-agnps nanocomposite was fabricated through interfacial electrostatic self-assembly and its antifungal activity against phytopathogen fusarium ... | 2016 | 27563750 |
| comparative analysis of deoxynivalenol biosynthesis related gene expression among different chemotypes of fusarium graminearum in spring wheat. | fusarium mycotoxins, deoxynivalenol (don) and nivalenol (niv) act as virulence factors and are essential for symptom development after initial infection in wheat. to date, 16 genes have been identified in the don biosynthesis pathway. however, a comparative gene expression analysis in different chemotypes of fusarium graminearum in response to fusarium head blight infection remains to be explored. therefore, in this study, nine genes that involved in trichothecene biosynthesis were analyzed amon ... | 2016 | 27550207 |
| a-to-i rna editing independent of adars in filamentous fungi. | adar mediated a-to-i rna editing is thought to be unique to animals and occurs mainly in the non-coding regions. recently filamentous fungi such as fusarium graminearum were found to lack orthologs of animal adars but have stage-specific a-to-i editing during sexual reproduction. unlike animals, majority of editing sites are in the coding regions and often result in missense and stop loss changes in fungi. furthermore, whereas as in rna stems are targeted by animal adars, rna editing in fungi pr ... | 2016 | 27533598 |
| fusarium and aspergillus mycotoxins contaminating wheat silage for dairy cattle feeding in uruguay. | wheat is one of the most important cultivated cereals in uruguay for human consumption; however, when harvest yields are low, wheat is usually used in ensiling for animal feeding. ensiling is a forage preservation method that allows for storage during extended periods of time while maintaining nutritional values comparable to fresh pastures. silage is vulnerable to contamination by spoilage molds and mycotoxins because ensilage materials are excellent substrates for fungal growth. the aim of the ... | 2017 | 27522933 |
| comparison of fusarium graminearum transcriptomes on living or dead wheat differentiates substrate-responsive and defense-responsive genes. | fusarium graminearum is an opportunistic pathogen of cereals where it causes severe yield losses and concomitant mycotoxin contamination of the grains. the pathogen has mixed biotrophic and necrotrophic (saprophytic) growth phases during infection and the regulatory networks associated with these phases have so far always been analyzed together. in this study we compared the transcriptomes of fungal cells infecting a living, actively defending plant representing the mixed live style (pathogenic ... | 2016 | 27507961 |
| the geographic distribution and complex evolutionary history of the nx-2 trichothecene chemotype from fusarium graminearum. | fusarium graminearum and 21 related species comprising the f. sambucinum species complex lineage 1 (fsamsc-1) are the most important fusarium head blight pathogens of cereal crops world-wide. fsamsc-1 species typically produce type b trichothecenes. however, some f. graminearum strains were recently found to produce a novel type a trichothecene (nx-2) resulting from functional variation in the trichothecene biosynthetic enzyme tri1. we used a pcr-rflp assay targeting the tri1 gene to identify th ... | 2016 | 27497828 |
| the semidwarfing alleles rht-d1b and rht-b1b show marked differences in their associations with anther-retention in wheat heads and with fusarium head blight susceptibility. | the semidwarfing alleles reduced height (rht)-d1b and rht-b1b are widely deployed in wheat breeding. both alleles have similar effects on plant height but differ in their effect on fusarium head blight (fhb) severity. a double-haploid population and a backcross population, segregating for rht-b1a/rht-b1b and rht-d1a/rht-d1b, were evaluated for fhb severity, plant height, and anther retention in field trials in three consecutive years. the semidwarfing alleles reduced plant height and increased t ... | 2016 | 27452901 |
| size-dependent effect of prochloraz-loaded mpeg-plga micro- and nanoparticles. | as a controlled release formulation, polymer-based pesticide particle, provide an effective approach to achieve the target crop sites of increasing the pesticide utilization and reducing side effects. the particle size impacts on the dispersibility, pesticide loading content, control effect, etc. it is essential to investigate size-dependent effect. hence, size-dependent effect of polymer-based pesticide particle was studied systematically in this paper. the biodegradable mpeg-plga copolymer wit ... | 2016 | 27427695 |
| antagonistic and biocontrol potential of trichoderma asperellum zjsx5003 against the maize stalk rot pathogen fusarium graminearum. | the efficacy of seven strains of trichoderma asperellum collected from the fields in southern china was assessed against fusarium graminearum (fg) the causal agent of corn stalk rot of maize were in vitro for their antagonistic properties followed by statistical model of principal compound analysis to identify the beneficial antagonist t. asperellum strain. the key factors of antagonist activity were attributed to a total of 13 factors including cell wall degrading enzymes (chitnase, protease an ... | 2016 | 27407296 |
| a brachypodium udp-glycosyltransferase confers root tolerance to deoxynivalenol and resistance to fusarium infection. | fusarium head blight (fhb) is a cereal disease caused by fusarium graminearum, a fungus able to produce type b trichothecenes on cereals, including deoxynivalenol (don), which is harmful for humans and animals. resistance to fhb is quantitative, and the mechanisms underlying resistance are poorly understood. resistance has been related to the ability to conjugate don into a glucosylated form, deoxynivalenol-3-o-glucose (d3g), by secondary metabolism udp-glucosyltransferases (ugts). however, func ... | 2016 | 27378816 |
| the complete genome sequence of a novel fusarium graminearum rna virus in a new proposed family within the order tymovirales. | the complete nucleotide sequence of fusarium graminearum deltaflexivirus 1 (fgdfv1), a novel positive single-stranded (+ss) rna mycovirus, was sequenced and analyzed. the complete genome of fgdfv1/bj59 was shown to be 8246 nucleotides (nt) long excluding the poly(a) tail. fgdfv1/bj59 was predicted to contain a large open reading frame (orf 1) and four smaller orfs (2-5). orf1 encodes a putative replication-associated polyprotein (rp) of 2042 amino acids (aa) and contains three conserved domains, ... | 2016 | 27376377 |
| pyramiding pvpgip2 and taxi-iii but not pvpgip2 and pmei enhances resistance against fusarium graminearum. | plant protein inhibitors counteract the activity of cell wall-degrading enzymes (cwdes) secreted by pathogens to breach the plant cell-wall barrier. transgenic plants expressing a single protein inhibitor restrict pathogen infections. however, since pathogens secrete a number of cwdes at the onset of infection, we combined more inhibitors in a single wheat genotype to reinforce further the cell-wall barrier. we combined polygalacturonase (pg) inhibiting protein (pgip) and pectin methyl esterase ... | 2016 | 27366923 |
| diversity of fusarium species isolated from uk forage maize and the population structure of f. graminearum from maize and wheat. | pre-harvest contamination of forage maize by mycotoxin producing fusarium species was investigated in the uk in 2011 and 2012. a total of 15 fusarium species were identified from a collection of 1,761 fusarium isolates recovered from maize stalks and kernels. this study characterized the diversity of fusarium species present in forage maize in the uk. the predominant species detected were f. graminearum (32.9%) and f. culmorum (34.1%). along with those species; f. avenacem, f. cerealis, f. equis ... | 2016 | 27366645 |
| transcriptome analysis of maize resistance to fusarium graminearum. | gibberella stalk rot caused by fusarium graminearum is one of the most destructive soil-borne diseases of maize (zea mays l.). chemical means of controlling gibberella stalk rot are not very effective; development of highly resistant hybrids is the best choice for disease control. hence, understanding of the molecular basis underlying maize resistance against gibberella stalk rot would undoubtedly facilitate the resistance breeding for stalk rot. | 2016 | 27352627 |
| fusarium graminearum pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 (fgpdk1) is critical for conidiation, mycelium growth, and pathogenicity. | pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (pdk) is an important mitochondrial enzyme that blocks the production of acetyl-coa by selectively inhibiting the activity of pyruvate dehydrogenase (pdh) through phosphorylation. pdk is an effectively therapeutic target in cancer cells, but the physiological roles of pdk in phytopathogens are largely unknown. to address these gaps, a pdk gene (fgpdk1) was isolated from fusarium graminearum that is an economically important pathogen infecting cereals. the deletion o ... | 2016 | 27341107 |
| the fungicidal activity of thymol against fusarium graminearum via inducing lipid peroxidation and disrupting ergosterol biosynthesis. | thymol is a natural plant-derived compound that has been widely used in pharmaceutical and food preservation applications. however, the antifungal mechanism for thymol against phytopathogens remains unclear. in this study, we identified the antifungal action of thymol against fusarium graminearum, an economically important phytopathogen showing severe resistance to traditional chemical fungicides. the sensitivity of thymol on different f. graminearum isolates was screened. the hyphal growth, as ... | 2016 | 27322238 |
| heat shock protein 90 is required for sexual and asexual development, virulence, and heat shock response in fusarium graminearum. | eukaryotic cells repress global translation and selectively upregulate stress response proteins by altering multiple steps in gene expression. in this study, genome-wide transcriptome analysis of cellular adaptation to thermal stress was performed on the plant pathogenic fungus fusarium graminearum. the results revealed that profound alterations in gene expression were required for heat shock responses in f. graminearum. among these proteins, heat shock protein 90 (fghsp90) was revealed to play ... | 2016 | 27306495 |
| assessment of the encapsulation effect of phenolic compounds from spirulina sp. leb-18 on their antifusarium activities. | this study aimed to investigate the antifungal activity of liposomal systems containing spirulina sp. leb-18 phenolic extract (pe) against fusarium graminearum (fg) isolates. the interaction between pe and phosphatidylcholine-based liposomes was monitored by hatr-ftir, nmr, dsc, and cryo-tem. after encapsulation, the active principle was released slower than the free pe, a fact that makes the former very promising as a natural antifungal. the pe encapsulation in the liposomes was responsible for ... | 2016 | 27283675 |
| analysis of deoxynivalenol and deoxynivalenol-3-glucosides content in canadian spring wheat cultivars inoculated with fusarium graminearum. | contamination of wheat grains with fusarium mycotoxins and their modified forms is an important issue in wheat industry. the objective of this study was to analyse the deoxynivalenol (don) and deoxynivalenol-3-glucosides (d3g) content in canadian spring wheat cultivars grown in two locations, inoculated with a mixture of 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol (3-adon)-producing fusarium graminearum strains and a mixture of 15-acetlyldeoxynivalenol (15-adon)-producing f. graminearum strains. according to the ana ... | 2016 | 27264644 |
| thymol-based submicron emulsions exhibit antifungal activity against fusarium graminearum and inhibit fusarium head blight in wheat. | fusarium graminearum is a very destructive fungal pathogen that leads to fusarium head blight (fhb) in wheat, a disease which costs growers millions of dollars annually both in crop losses and in remediation efforts. current countermeasures include the deployment of wheat varieties with some resistance to fhb in conjunction with timed fungicide treatments. in this article, we introduce a fungicide based on thymol, a naturally occurring plant phenolic derived from essential oils. to overcome the ... | 2016 | 27253757 |
| wheat seeds harbour bacterial endophytes with potential as plant growth promoters and biocontrol agents of fusarium graminearum. | the role of endophytic communities of seeds is still poorly characterised. the purpose of this work was to survey the presence of bacterial endophytes in the seeds of a commercial wheat cultivar widely sown in argentina and to look for plant growth promotion features and biocontrol abilities against fusarium graminearum among them. six isolates were obtained from wheat seeds following a culture-dependent protocol. four isolates were assignated to paenibacillus genus according to their 16s rrna s ... | 2017 | 27242141 |
| nucleotide polymorphisms and protein structure changes in the fg16 gene of fusarium graminearum sensu stricto. | fusarium graminearum is one of the most important causes of wheat scab in different parts of the world. this fungus is able to produce widespread trichothecene mycotoxins such as nivalenol (niv) and deoxynivalenol (don) which are harmful for both human and animals. the fg16 target is located in chromosome 1 of the f. graminearum genome coding for a hypothetical protein whose function is not yet known. the fg16 gene is involved in lipid biosynthesis and leads to sexual development during coloniza ... | 2016 | 27222818 |
| whey permeate fermented with kefir grains shows antifungal effect against fusarium graminearum. | the objective of the work reported here was to study the antifungal capability of cell-free supernatants obtained from whey permeates after fermentation by the kefir grains cidca agk1 against fusarium graminearum growth and zearalenone (zea) production. the assays were performed in order to study the conidial germination inhibition -in liquid media- and the effect on fungal growth rate and the latency phase -in solid media. we observed that fermented supernatants of ph 3·5 produced the highest p ... | 2016 | 27210497 |
| wax inducer1 (hvwin1) transcription factor regulates free fatty acid biosynthetic genes to reinforce cuticle to resist fusarium head blight in barley spikelets. | fusarium head blight (fhb), caused by fusarium graminearum, is one of the most devastating diseases of wheat and barley. resistance to fhb is highly complex and quantitative in nature, and is most often classified as resistance to spikelet infection and resistance to spread of pathogen through the rachis. in the present study, a resistant (ci9831) and a susceptible (h106-371) two-row barley genotypes, with contrasting levels of spikelet resistance to fhb, pathogen or mock-inoculated, were profil ... | 2016 | 27194736 |
| comprehensive quantification of n-glycoproteome in fusarium graminearum reveals intensive glycosylation changes against fungicide. | glycoproteomics is greatly developed in recent years and big data of n-glycoproteome in mammalian tissues and cells were already established. however, the glycoproteomic studies on plant, fungus and bacteria are far left behind. in this study, we comprehensively mapped and quantified the n-glycosylation of fusarium graminearum by combining stable isotope dimethyl labeling, hydrophilic interaction chromatography (hilic) and high-resolution mass spectrometry. the n-glycosylation changes in fusariu ... | 2016 | 27180282 |
| utilization of a conidia-deficient mutant to study sexual development in fusarium graminearum. | transcriptome analysis is a widely used approach to study the molecular mechanisms underlying development and the responses of fungi to environmental cues. however, it is difficult to obtain cells with a homogeneous status from the sexually-induced culture of the plant pathogenic fungus fusarium graminearum. in this study, we provided phenotypic and genetic evidence to show that the current conditions applied for perithecia induction inevitably highly induced asexual sporulation in this fungus. ... | 2016 | 27175901 |
| suppressed recombination and unique candidate genes in the divergent haplotype encoding fhb1, a major fusarium head blight resistance locus in wheat. | fine mapping and sequencing revealed 28 genes in the non-recombining haplotype containing fhb1 . of these, only a gdsl lipase gene shows a pathogen-dependent expression pattern. fhb1 is a prominent fusarium head blight resistance locus of wheat, which has been successfully introgressed in adapted breeding material, where it confers a significant increase in overall resistance to the causal pathogen fusarium graminearum and the fungal virulence factor and mycotoxin deoxynivalenol. the fhb1 region ... | 2016 | 27174222 |
| chlorinated organic compounds produced by fusarium graminearum. | fusarium graminearum, a pathogen of wheat and maize, not only reduces grain yield and degrades quality but also produces mycotoxins in the infected grain. focus has been on mycotoxins because of the human and animal health hazards associated with them. in addition to work done on mycotoxins, chemical profiling of f. graminearum to identify other compounds produced by this fungus remains critical. with chemical profiling of f. graminearum the entire chemistry of this fungus can be understood. the ... | 2016 | 27165533 |
| larval western bean cutworm feeding damage encourages the development of gibberella ear rot on field corn. | a 2 year study was conducted to determine whether western bean cutworm (striacosta albicosta smith) (wbc) larval feeding damage increases severity of the fungal disease gibberella ear rot [fusarium graminearum (schwein.) petch] in field corn (zea mays l.). the effect of a quinone-outside inhibiting fungicide, pyraclostrobin, on gibberella ear rot severity and mycotoxin production, both with and without wbc pressure, was also evaluated. the impact of each variable was assessed individually and in ... | 2017 | 27158946 |
| corrigendum to: a fusarium graminearum strain-comparative proteomic approach identifies regulatory changes triggered by agmatine [j. proteomics (2016) 137; 107-116]. | | 2016 | 27140391 |
| exogenous abscisic acid and gibberellic acid elicit opposing effects on fusarium graminearum infection in wheat. | although the roles of salicylate (sa) and jasmonic acid (ja) have been well-characterized in fusarium head blight (fhb)-infected cereals, the roles of other phytohormones remain more ambiguous. here, the association between an array of phytohormones and fhb pathogenesis in wheat is investigated. comprehensive profiling of endogenous hormones demonstrated altered cytokinin, gibberellic acid (ga), and ja metabolism in a fhb-resistant cultivar, whereas challenge by fusarium graminearum increased ab ... | 2016 | 27135677 |
| β1 tubulin rather than β2 tubulin is the preferred binding target for carbendazim in fusarium graminearum. | tubulins are the proposed target of anticancer drugs, anthelminthics, and fungicides. in fusarium graminearum, β2 tubulin has been reported to be the binding target of methyl benzimidazole carbamate (mbc) fungicides. however, the function of f. graminearum β1 tubulin, which shares 76% amino acid sequence identity with β2 tubulin, in mbc sensitivity has been unclear. in this study, mbc sensitivity relative to that of a parental strain (2021) was significantly reduced in a β1 tubulin deletion stra ... | 2016 | 27135676 |
| effect of environmental factors on fusarium population and associated trichothecenes in wheat grain grown in jiangsu province, china. | the present study was performed to identify prevailing fusarium species and the environmental factors affecting their frequencies and the contamination of grain with major mycotoxins in jiangsu province. the precipitation levels were 184.2mm, 156.4mm, and 245.8mm in the years 2013-2015, respectively, and the temperature fluctuated by an average of 10.6±7.2°c in 2013, 10.9±7.2°c in 2014, and 10.6±6.3°c in 2015. co-occurrence of deoxynivalenol (don), 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol (3adon), and 15-acetylde ... | 2016 | 27127840 |
| relationship between mycoparasites lifestyles and biocontrol behaviors against fusarium spp. and mycotoxins production. | global food security research is seeking eco-friendly solutions to control mycotoxins in grain infected by fungi (molds). in particular, mycotoxigenic fusarium spp. outbreak is a chronic threat for cereal grain production, human, and animal health. in this review paper, we discuss up-to-date biological control strategies in applying mycoparasites as biological control agents (bca) to prevent plant diseases in crops and mycotoxins in grain, food, and feed. the aim is to increase food safety and t ... | 2016 | 27121573 |
| hydroxylations of trichothecene rings in the biosynthesis of fusarium trichothecenes: evolution of alternative pathways in the nivalenol chemotype. | fusarium sporotrichioides genes fstri11, fstri13, and fstri1 encode cytochrome p450 monooxygenases (cyps) responsible for hydroxylations at c-15, c-4, and c-8 of the trichothecene skeleton, respectively. however, the corresponding genes of nivalenol (niv)-chemotype fusarium graminearum remain to be functionally elucidated. in this study, we characterized the roles of these cyps in niv biosynthesis. analyses of the metabolites of the f. graminearum fgtri11(-) mutant, a disruptant of fgtri11 encod ... | 2016 | 27120196 |
| chitin synthase gene fgchs8 affects virulence and fungal cell wall sensitivity to environmental stress in fusarium graminearum. | fusarium graminearum is the major causal agent of fusarium head blight (fhb) of wheat and barley and is considered to be one of the most devastating plant diseases worldwide. chitin is a critical component of the fungal cell wall and is polymerized from udp-n-acetyl-alpha-d-glucosamine by chitin synthase. we characterized fgchs8, a new class of the chitin synthase gene in f. graminearum. disruption of fgchs8 resulted in reduced accumulation of chitin, decreased chitin synthase activity, and had ... | 2016 | 27109372 |
| metabolic biomarker panels of response to fusarium head blight infection in different wheat varieties. | metabolic changes in spikelets of wheat varieties fl62r1, stettler, muchmore and sumai3 following fusarium graminearum infection were explored using nmr analysis. extensive 1d and 2d 1h nmr measurements provided information for detailed metabolite assignment and quantification leading to possible metabolic markers discriminating resistance level in wheat subtypes. in addition, metabolic changes that are observed in all studied varieties as well as wheat variety specific changes have been determi ... | 2016 | 27101152 |
| myosins famyo2b and famyo2 affect asexual and sexual development, reduces pathogenicity, and famyo2b acts jointly with the myosin passenger protein fasmy1 to affect resistance to phenamacril in fusarium asiaticum. | we previously reported that mutations occurred in the gene myosin5 were responsible for resistance to the fungicide phenamacril in fusarium graminearum. here, we determined whether there is a functional link between phenamacril resistance and the myosin proteins famyo2b and famyo2 in fusarium asiaticum, which is the major causal agent of fusarium head blight in china. we found that famyo2b acts jointly with fasmy1 to affect resistance to phenamacril in f. asiaticum. we also found that famyo2b di ... | 2016 | 27099966 |
| posttranslational hypusination of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor-5a regulates fusarium graminearum virulence. | activation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor eif5a requires a posttranslational modification, forming the unique amino acid hypusine. this activation is mediated by two enzymes, deoxyhypusine synthase, dhs, and deoxyhypusine hydroxylase, dohh. the impact of this enzymatic complex on the life cycle of a fungal pathogen is unknown. plant pathogenic ascomycetes possess a single copy of the eif5a activated by hypusination. we evaluated the importance of imbalances in eif5a hypusination in ... | 2016 | 27098988 |
| a european database of fusarium graminearum and f. culmorum trichothecene genotypes. | fusarium species, particularly fusarium graminearum and f. culmorum, are the main cause of trichothecene type b contamination in cereals. data on the distribution of fusarium trichothecene genotypes in cereals in europe are scattered in time and space. furthermore, a common core set of related variables (sampling method, host cultivar, previous crop, etc.) that would allow more effective analysis of factors influencing the spatial and temporal population distribution, is lacking. consequently, b ... | 2016 | 27092107 |
| the cold-induced defensin tad1 confers resistance against snow mold and fusarium head blight in transgenic wheat. | tad1 (triticum aestivum defensin 1) is induced during cold acclimation in winter wheat and encodes a plant defensin with antimicrobial activity. in this study, we demonstrated that recombinant tad1 protein inhibits hyphal growth of the snow mold fungus, typhula ishikariensis in vitro. transgenic wheat plants overexpressing tad1 were created and tested for resistance against t. ishikariensis. leaf inoculation assays revealed that overexpression of tad1 confers resistance against the snow mold. in ... | 2016 | 27080445 |
| susceptibility of maize to stalk rot caused by fusarium graminearum deoxynivalenol and zearalenone mutants. | fusarium graminearum is a destructive pathogen of cereals that can cause stalk rot in maize. stalk rot results in yield losses due to impaired grain filling, premature senescence, and lodging, which limits production and harvesting of ears. in addition, mycotoxins can make infected tissues unfit for silage. our objectives were to evaluate the natural variation in stalk rot resistance among maize inbreds, to establish whether deoxynivalenol (don)- and zearalenone (zea)-deficient strains are patho ... | 2016 | 27050573 |
| a cytoplasmic cu-zn superoxide dismutase sod1 contributes to hyphal growth and virulence of fusarium graminearum. | superoxide dismutases (sods) are scavengers of superoxide radicals, one of the main reactive oxygen species (ros) in the cell. sod-based ros scavenging system constitutes the frontline defense against intra- and extracellular ros, but the roles of sods in the important cereal pathogen fusarium graminearum are not very clear. there are five sod genes in f. graminearum genome, encoding cytoplasmic cu-zn sod1 and mnsod3, mitochondrial mnsod2 and fesod4, and extracellular cusod5. previous studies re ... | 2016 | 27037138 |
| from fhb resistance qtls to candidate genes identification in triticum aestivum l. | fusarium head blight (fhb) caused by fusarium graminearum is a worldwide destructive disease affecting cereals such as wheat. fhb resistance is a quantitative trait, and information for fhb resistance qtls in wheat is available. however, little is known about genes underlying the fhb resistance qtl regions. using a computational approach in this study, we have mined eight fhb resistance qtls in wheat and predicted the candidate genes falling within these qtl intervals based on the available sequ ... | 2016 | 27016253 |
| identifying rare fhb-resistant segregants in intransigent backcross and f2 winter wheat populations. | fusarium head blight (fhb), caused mainly by fusarium graminearum schwabe [telomorph: gibberella zeae schwein.(petch)] in the us, is one of the most destructive diseases of wheat (triticum aestivum l. and t. durum l.). infected grain is usually contaminated with deoxynivalenol (don), a serious mycotoxin. the challenge in fhb resistance breeding is combining resistance with superior agronomic and quality characteristics. exotic qtl are widely used to improve fhb resistance. success depends on the ... | 2016 | 27014202 |
| updated survey of fusarium species and toxins in finnish cereal grains. | the aim of the project was to produce updated information during 2005-14 on the fusarium species found in finnish cereal grains, and the toxins produced by them, as the last comprehensive survey study of fusarium species and their toxins in finland was carried out at the turn of the 1960s and the 1970s. another aim was to use the latest molecular and chemical methods to investigate the occurrence and correlation of fusarium species and their mycotoxins in finland. the most common fusarium specie ... | 2016 | 27002810 |
| compartmentalized gene regulatory network of the pathogenic fungus fusarium graminearum. | head blight caused by fusarium graminearum threatens world-wide wheat production, resulting in both yield loss and mycotoxin contamination. we reconstructed the global f. graminearum gene regulatory network (grn) from a large collection of transcriptomic data using bayesian network inference, a machine-learning algorithm. this grn reveals connectivity between key regulators and their target genes. focusing on key regulators, this network contains eight distinct but interwoven modules. enriched f ... | 2016 | 26990214 |
| population genetic analysis and trichothecene profiling of fusarium graminearum from wheat in uruguay. | fusarium graminearum sensu stricto (f. graminearum s.s.) is the major causal agent of fusarium head blight of wheat worldwide, and contaminates grains with trichothecene mycotoxins that cause serious threats to food safety and animal health. an important aspect of managing this pathogen and reducing mycotoxin contamination of wheat is knowledge regarding its population genetics. therefore, isolates of f. graminearum s.s. from the major wheat-growing region of uruguay were analyzed by amplified f ... | 2016 | 26985955 |
| 2-d dige proteomic profiles of three strains of fusarium graminearum grown in agmatine or glutamic acid medium. | 2d dige proteomics data obtained from three strains belonging to fusarium graminearum s.s. species growing in a glutamic acid or agmatine containing medium are provided. a total of 381 protein species have been identified which do differ for abundance among the two treatments and among the strains (anova<0.05 and abundance ratio>±1.3). data on the diversity of protein species profiles between the two media for each strain are made available. shared profiles among strains are discussed in pasqual ... | 2016 | 26981549 |
| cellular tracking and gene profiling of fusarium graminearum during maize stalk rot disease development elucidates its strategies in confronting phosphorus limitation in the host apoplast. | the ascomycete fungus fusarium graminearum causes stalk rot in maize. we tracked this pathogen's growth in wound-inoculated maize stalks using a fluorescence-labeled fungal isolate and observed that invasive hyphae grew intercellularly up to 24 h post inoculation, grew intra- and inter-cellularly between 36-48 h, and fully occupied invaded cells after 72 h. using laser microdissection and microarray analysis, we profiled changes in global gene expression during pathogen growth inside pith tissue ... | 2016 | 26974960 |
| trichothecene genotypes of the fusarium graminearum species complex isolated from brazilian wheat grains by conventional and quantitative pcr. | we compared two well-established methods, fungal isolation followed by conventional pcr and dna analysis by quantitative pcr (qpcr), to define trichothecene genotypes in brazilian wheat grains from different locations. for this purpose, after fungal isolation from 75 wheat samples, 100 isolates of the fusarium graminearum species complex (fgsc) were genotyped by pcr to establish their trichothecene profile. for profiling by qpcr, dna was extracted from the wheat samples and analyzed. the methods ... | 2016 | 26973624 |
| imidazolium salts with antifungal potential for the control of head blight of wheat caused by fusarium graminearum. | evaluate the in vitro effect of imidazolium salts (ims) on the conidia germination and mycelial growth of fusarium graminearum and their in vivo efficacy for suppressing the symptoms of the disease and infection of kernels in wheat plants. | 2016 | 26972421 |
| endosomal sorting complexes required for transport-0 is essential for fungal development and pathogenicity in fusarium graminearum. | fusarium graminearum is an important plant pathogen that causes head blight of major cereal crops. the vacuolar protein sorting (vps) protein vps27 is a component of escrt-0 involved in the multivesicular body (mvb) sorting pathway during endocytosis. in this study, we investigated the function of fgvps27 using a gene replacement strategy. the fgvps27 deletion mutant (δfgvps27) exhibited a reduction in growth rate, aerial hyphae formation and hydrophobicity. it also showed increased sensitivity ... | 2016 | 26971885 |
| molecular characterization, fitness and mycotoxin production of fusarium graminearum laboratory strains resistant to benzimidazoles. | six benzimidazole (bmz)-resistant fusarium graminearum strains were obtained after uv mutagenesis and selection on carbendazim (mbc)-amended medium. in vitro bioassays resulted in the identification of two resistant phenotypes that were highly hr (rf: 40-170, based on ec50) and moderately mr (rf: 10-20) resistant to carbendazim. cross resistance studies with other fungicides showed that all mutant strains tested were also resistant to other bmzs, such as benomyl and thiabendazole, but retained t ... | 2016 | 26969433 |
| genome-wide association study identifies novel candidate genes for aggressiveness, deoxynivalenol production, and azole sensitivity in natural field populations of fusarium graminearum. | genome-wide association studies can identify novel genomic regions and genes that affect quantitative traits. fusarium head blight is a destructive disease caused by fusarium graminearum that exhibits several quantitative traits, including aggressiveness, mycotoxin production, and fungicide resistance. restriction site-associated dna sequencing was performed for 220 isolates of f. graminearum. a total of 119 isolates were phenotyped for aggressiveness and deoxynivalenol (don) production under na ... | 2016 | 26959837 |
| tri6 and tri10 play different roles in the regulation of deoxynivalenol (don) production by camp signalling in fusarium graminearum. | the biosynthesis of mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (don) in fusarium graminearum is regulated by two pathway-specific transcription factors tri6 and tri10 and affected by various host and environmental factors. in this study, we showed that cyclic adenosine monophosphate (camp) treatment induced don production by stimulating tri gene expression and don-associated cellular differentiation in f. graminearum. interestingly, exogenous camp had no effects on the tri6 mutant but partially recovered the defe ... | 2016 | 26940955 |
| high-throughput facs-based mutant screen identifies a gain-of-function allele of the fusarium graminearum adenylyl cyclase causing deoxynivalenol over-production. | fusarium head blight and crown rot, caused by the fungal plant pathogen fusarium graminearum, impose a major threat to global wheat production. during the infection, plants are contaminated with mycotoxins such as deoxynivalenol (don), which can be toxic for humans and animals. in addition, don is a major virulence factor during wheat infection. however, it is not fully understood how don production is regulated in f. graminearum. in order to identify regulators of don production, a high-through ... | 2016 | 26932301 |
| fgssn3 kinase, a component of the mediator complex, is important for sexual reproduction and pathogenesis in fusarium graminearum. | fusarium graminearum is an important pathogen of wheat and barley. in addition to severe yield losses, infested grains are often contaminated with harmful mycotoxins. in this study, we characterized the functions of fgssn3 kinase gene in different developmental and infection processes and gene regulation in f. graminearum. the fgssn3 deletion mutant had a nutrient-dependent growth defects and abnormal conidium morphology. it was significantly reduced in don production, tri gene expression, and v ... | 2016 | 26931632 |
| the potential for cereal rye cover crops to host corn seedling pathogens. | cover cropping is a prevalent conservation practice that offers substantial benefits to soil and water quality. however, winter cereal cover crops preceding corn may diminish beneficial rotation effects because two grass species are grown in succession. here, we show that rye cover crops host pathogens capable of causing corn seedling disease. we isolated fusarium graminearum, f. oxysporum, pythium sylvaticum, and p. torulosum from roots of rye and demonstrate their pathogenicity on corn seedlin ... | 2016 | 26926485 |
| the plant response induced in wheat ears by a combined attack of sitobion avenae aphids and fusarium graminearum boosts fungal infection and deoxynivalenol production. | the pathogen fusarium graminearum, producer of the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol, and sitobion avenae aphids both reside on wheat ears. we explored the influence of an earlier aphid infestation on the expression profile of specific molecular markers associated with f. graminearum infection. using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis, we followed the expression of wheat defence genes on s. avenae infestation and explored the effect on a subsequent f. graminearum infect ... | 2017 | 26918628 |
| the protein kinase a pathway regulates zearalenone production by modulating alternative zeb2 transcription. | zearalenone (zea) is an estrogenic mycotoxin that is produced by several fusarium species, including fusarium graminearum. one of the zea biosynthetic genes, zeb2, encodes two isoforms of zeb2 by alternative transcription, forming an activator (zeb2l-zeb2l homooligomer) and an inhibitor (zeb2l-zeb2s heterodimer) that directly regulate the zea biosynthetic genes in f. graminearum. cyclic amp-dependent protein kinase a (pka) signaling regulates secondary metabolic processes in several filamentous ... | 2016 | 26907763 |
| the effect of agmatine on trichothecene type b and zearalenone production in fusarium graminearum, f. culmorum and f. poae. | agmatine and other putrescines are known for being strong inducers of deoxynivalenol (don) production in fusarium graminearum. other important species produce don and/or other trichothecene type b toxins (3 acetylated don, 15 acetylated don, fusarenon-x, nivalenol), such as f. culmorum and f. poae. in order to verify whether the mechanism of the regulation of trichothecene type b induction by agmatine is shared by different species of fusarium, we tested the hypothesis on 19 strains belonging to ... | 2016 | 26893962 |
| a novel transcription factor gene fhs1 is involved in the dna damage response in fusarium graminearum. | cell cycle regulation and the maintenance of genome integrity are crucial for the development and virulence of the pathogenic plant fungus fusarium graminearum. to identify transcription factors (tfs) related to these processes, four dna-damaging agents were applied to screen a f. graminearum tf mutant library. sixteen tfs were identified to be likely involved in dna damage responses. fhs1 is a fungal specific zn(ii)2cys6 tf that localises exclusively to nuclei. fhs1 deletion mutants were hypers ... | 2016 | 26888604 |