| the major allergen of alternaria alternata (alt a 1) is expressed in other members of the pleosporaceae family. | there is general consensus regarding the scarce cross-reactivity existing between alternaria alternata and other allergenic moulds such as aspergillus fumigatus, penicillium notatum or cladosporium herbarum. however, a. alternata has been shown to have a very significant level of allergenic cross-reactivity with other fungi belonging to the pleosporaceae family. to date, no biological identity or homologies with other proteins have been described for alt a 1, and it remains unclear whether the m ... | 2006 | 16466440 |
| novel cold-adaptive penicillium strain fs010 secreting thermo-labile xylanase isolated from yellow sea. | a novel cold-adaptive xylanolytic penicillium strain fs010 was isolated from yellow sea sediments. the marine fungus grew well from 4 to 20 degrees; a lower (0 degrees) or higher (37 degrees) temperature limits its growth. the strain was identified as penicillium chrysogenum. compared with mesophilic p. chrysogenum, the cold-adaptive fungus secreted the cold-active xylanase (xyl) showing high hydrolytic activities at low temperature (2-15 degrees) and high sensitivity to high temperature (>50 de ... | 2006 | 16474906 |
| effects of oligosaccharides and polysaccharides on the generation of reactive oxygen species in different biological systems. | use of carbohydrates as elicitors is a novel technique for enhancement of the production of industrially important microbial products. the relation between the levels of ros (reactive oxygen species) and overproduction of antibiotics in microbial cultures has already been established. in the present study, we aimed to exploit the ros response to develop a fast technique to assess the potential of oligosaccharides [oligoguluronate, oligomannuronate and mo (mannan oligosaccharides)] and polysaccha ... | 2006 | 16483254 |
| mold infestation of wet spray-applied cellulose insulation. | mold investigations were conducted in four buildings that had been insulated with wet spray-applied cellulose insulation (wsaci). bulk wsaci samples were collected and analyzed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qpcr) methods. airborne mold was evaluated using both burkard total mold spore and andersen culturable/viable sampling methods. although reportedly treated with biocidal borates, qpcr analyses indicated that elevated concentrations of mold cells (reported as spore equivalents per ... | 2006 | 16499151 |
| measurement of intracellular metabolites of primary metabolism and adenine nucleotides in chemostat cultivated penicillium chrysogenum. | an experimental platform has been developed for rapid sampling and quenching of chemostat cultivated penicillium chrysogenum broth for metabolome analysis in highly dynamic experiments, aimed at the elucidation of the in vivo kinetic properties of metabolism. the sampling and quenching protocol available from saccharomyces cerevisiae had to be modified for penicillium chrysogenum mainly because of its filamentous character. intracellular metabolites of glycolysis, tca cycle, and adenine nucleoti ... | 2006 | 16508996 |
| penicillium chrysogenum takes up the penicillin g precursor phenylacetic acid by passive diffusion. | penicillium chrysogenum utilizes phenylacetic acid as a side chain precursor in penicillin g biosynthesis. during industrial production of penicillin g, phenylacetic acid is fed in small amounts to the medium to avoid toxic side effects. phenylacetic acid is taken up from the medium and intracellularly coupled to 6-aminopenicillanic acid. to enter the fungal cell, phenylacetic acid has to pass the plasma membrane. the process via which phenylacetic acid crosses the plasma membrane was studied in ... | 1995 | 16535072 |
| organophosphonate utilization by the wild-type strain of penicillium notatum. | we studied the biodegradation of compounds containing phosphorus-to-carbon bonds by using a wild-type strain of penicillium notatum. the substrate specificity of this strain was studied, and we found that it is able to utilize structurally diverse organophosphonates as sole sources of phosphorus. this ability seems to be inducible, as indicated by the presence of a lag phase during growth. a popular herbicide, glyphosate, inhibited fungal growth, but it was also degraded by the fungus if it was ... | 1995 | 16535094 |
| protein splicing of prp8 mini-inteins from species of the genus penicillium. | inteins are protein-intervening sequences found inside the coding region of different host proteins and are translated in-frame with them. they can self-excise through protein splicing, which ligates the host protein flanks with a peptide bond. in this study, four different species of the genus penicillium were investigated for the presence of inteins inside the conserved splicing-factor protein prp8. we identified 157 to 162 amino acid in-frame insertions in the prp8 protein of penicillium chry ... | 2006 | 16544141 |
| cultural characteristics of penicillium notatum in relation to the production of antibacterial substance: indication of the dual nature of the antibacterial substance. | | 1942 | 16560585 |
| microbiological aspects of penicillin: iii. production of penicillin in surface cultures of penicillium notatum. | | 1943 | 16560723 |
| penicillin: ii. natural variation and penicillin production in penicillium notatum and allied species. | | 1944 | 16560880 |
| microbiological aspects of penicillin: v. conidiospore formation in submerged cultures of penicillium notatum. | | 1945 | 16561011 |
| penicillin: ix. the laboratory scale production of penicillin in submerged cultures by penicillium notatum westling (nrrl 832). | | 1946 | 16561059 |
| variation in penicillium notatum induced by the bombardment of spores with neutrons. | | 1946 | 16561060 |
| microbiological aspects of penicillin: iv. production of penicillin in submerged cultures of penicillium notatum. | | 1946 | 16561099 |
| production of conidia in submerged cultures of penicillium notatum. | | 1946 | 16561126 |
| the effect of environmental conditions on penicillin fermentations with penicillium chrysogenum x-1612. | | 1946 | 16561140 |
| a comparison of penicillin-producing strains of penicillium notatum-chrysogenum. | | 1946 | 16561141 |
| the fragmentation of the mycelium of penicillium notatum and penicillium chrysogenum by a high-speed blender and the evaluation of blended seed. | | 1946 | 16561190 |
| the relation of natural variation in penicillium notatum to the yield of penicillin in surface culture. | | 1947 | 16561265 |
| variation and mutation in penicillium chrysogenum, wis. q176. | | 1949 | 16561644 |
| contribution of a selected fungal population to the volatile compounds on dry-cured ham. | dry-cured ham is obtained after several months of ripening. different fungi strive on the surface, including toxigenic molds. proteolysis and lipolysis by the endogenous and microbial enzymes seem to play a decisive role in the generation of flavor precursors in dry-cured meat products. in addition, fungi show a positive impact on the volatile compounds of ripened pork loins. however, the contribution of the fungal population to flavor formation in dry-cured ham remains unclear. one selected str ... | 2006 | 16564595 |
| strain specificity and production of antibiotic substances: iii. penicillium notatum-chrysogenum group. | | 1944 | 16578123 |
| antifungal and antibacterial activities of araucaria araucana (mol.) k. koch heartwood lignans. | five lignans (secoisolariciresinol, pinoresinol, eudesmin, lariciresinol, and lariciresinol-4-methyl ether) were isolated from an meoh extract from araucaria araucana (mol.) k. koch wood for the first time in this species and their structures determined with spectroscopic methods. the antimicrobial activities of these compounds were determined for the bacteria citrobacter sp., bacillus subtilis, escherichia coli, micrococcus luteus, staphylococcus aureus, and pseudomonas aeruginosa, and for the ... | 2006 | 16610214 |
| [the fermentation of 50 kinds of tcms by bacillus subtilis and the assay of antibacterial activities of fermented products]. | 50 traditional chinese medicines (tcms) were fermented by bacillus subtilis and the antimicrobial activities of the fermented products were assayed against mycobacterium tuberculosis and penicillium avellaneum. the results showed that some products of them had stronger antimicrobial activities, but some weaker than the corresponding raw materials, still some had no change, which indicated that microorganism and tcm can effect each other during fermentation. | 2006 | 16617786 |
| a novel aspect of nadph production in ageing penicillium chrysogenum. | nadph is involved in many basically important anabolic processes. for a long time, pentose phosphate pathway (pps) was regarded as the most important source of nadph in fungi. here we present evidence of a metabolic switch to an alternative nadph-producing pathway in ageing penicillium chrysogenum cultures, which involves nadp+ -specific isocitrate dehydrogenase (nadp+ -id) rather than pps enzymes. considering the main biochemical functions of nadph, we propose that nadp+ -id could have deep imp ... | 2006 | 16646530 |
| nonessentiality of boron in fungi and the nature of its toxicity. | an investigation was undertaken to determine whether any of the following fungi had a requirement for boron (b): saccharomyces cerevisiae, aspergillus niger, neurospora crassa, and penicillium chrysogenum. boron was unessential, and hence a study was made of the concentrations of b that reduced the growth of s. cerevisiae and p. chrysogenum and the mode of action of the b toxicity. fifty and 4000 mg b/liter, respectively, significantly (5% level) reduced the growth of the latter 2 species.in bot ... | 1966 | 16656256 |
| regulation of sulfate transport in filamentous fungi. | inorganic sulfate enters the mycelia of aspergillus nidulans, penicillium chrysogenum, and penicillium notatum by a temperature-, energy-, ph-, ionic strength-, and concentration-dependent transport system ("permease"). transport is unidirectional. in the presence of excess external sulfate, atp sulfurylase-negative mutants will accumulate inorganic sulfate intracellularly to a level of about 0.04 m. the intracellular sulfate can be retained against a concentration gradient. retention is not ene ... | 1970 | 16657536 |
| regulation of nitrate uptake in penicillium chrysogenum by ammonium ion. | a nitrate uptake system is induced (along with nitrate reductase) when nh(4) (+)-grown penicillium chrysogenum is incubated with inorganic nitrate in synthetic medium in the absence of nh(4) (+). nitrate uptake and nitrate reduction are probably in steady state in fully induced mycelium, but the ratios of the two activities are not constant during the induction period. substrate concentrations of ammonium cause a rapid decay of nitrate uptake and nitrate reductase activity. the two activities ar ... | 1973 | 16658563 |
| synthesis and characterization of pseudo-affinity ligand for penicillin acylase purification. | the aim of this work was to test a chromatographic affinity support containing methacryloyl antipyrine (maap) for penicillin acylase (pa) purification by using pure penicillin acylase and crude extract. first, maap as a pseudo-specific ligand was synthesized by using methacryloyl chloride and 4-aminoantipyrine. polymer beads (average size diameter: 40-120 micro m) were prepared by suspension polymerization of ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (egdma) and maap. this approach for the preparation of a ... | 2006 | 16712925 |
| transcriptional and bioinformatic analysis of the 56.8 kb dna region amplified in tandem repeats containing the penicillin gene cluster in penicillium chrysogenum. | high penicillin-producing strains of penicillium chrysogenum contain 6-14 copies of the three clustered structural biosynthetic genes, pcbab, pcbc, and pende [barredo, j.l., díez, b., alvarez, e., martín, j.f., 1989. large amplification of a 35-kb dna fragment carrying two penicillin biosynthetic genes in high penicillin producing strains of penicillium chrysogenum. curr. genet. 16, 453-459; smith, d.j., bull, j.h., edwards, j., turner, g., 1989. amplification of the isopenicillin n synthetase g ... | 2006 | 16713314 |
| the biosynthesis of biotin in growing yeast cells: the formation of biotin from an early intermediate. | 1. yeast cells grown in the presence of an unknown radioactive biotin vitamer produced by penicillium chrysogenum incorporated the vitamer into the newly synthesized biotin. 2. the biotin was isolated as the avidin-biotin complex and after hydrolysis the biological activity and radioactivity were shown to be coincidental. 3. the specific activity of the biotin was identical with that of the pimelic acid used in a previous investigation to label the unknown vitamer. 4. the role of the unknown bio ... | 1966 | 16742431 |
| an early intermediate in the biosynthesis of biotin: incorporation studies with [1,7-c(2)]pimelic acid. | 1. an unknown biotin vitamer was obtained in high yields in culture filtrates of penicillium chrysogenum. 2. production of this vitamer and desthiobiotin is controlled by the biotin concentration in the medium. 3. the unknown vitamer becomes labelled when the organism is grown in the presence of radioactive pimelic acid. 4. chromatographic procedures were developed for the purification of the radioactive vitamer. 5. the vitamer is extremely stable in concentrated acid but gives rise to new vitam ... | 1966 | 16742432 |
| biological breakdown of benzylpenicillin by preformed mats of penicillin-producing organisms. | 1. penicillium chrysogenum and aspergillus flavus degraded benzylpenicillin in the same way. 2. degradation of the antibiotic was initiated by the cleavage of phenylacetic acid from 6-aminopenicillanic acid. 3. phenylacetic acid was left unchanged whereas 6-aminopenicillanic acid was degraded into cysteine and valine. this reaction is probably complex. 4. cysteine was not utilized but valine was cleaved into acetone and glycine. catabolism of valine by the preformed mats of the two moulds confir ... | 1966 | 16742463 |
| studies in the biochemistry of micro-organisms: the formation from glucose by members of the penicillium chrysogenum series of a pigment, an alkali-soluble protein and penicillin-the antibacterial substance of fleming. | | 1932 | 16745019 |
| notatin: an anti-bacterial glucose-aerodehydrogenase from penicillium notatum westling and penicillium resticulosum sp. nov. | | 1945 | 16747849 |
| studies in penicillin production by penicillium notatum, in surface culture: 1. a preliminary study of the metabolism of carbon, nitrogen, sulphur and phosphorus. | | 1946 | 16748011 |
| penicillin: analysis of the crude product by partition chromatography. 2. chromatographic analysis of the penicillins from two strains of penicillium notatum. | | 1948 | 16748398 |
| studies in penicillin production by penicillium notatum in surface culture. 2. further studies in the metabolism of sulphur. | | 1948 | 16748440 |
| generating short-term kinetic responses of primary metabolism of penicillium chrysogenum through glucose perturbation in the bioscope mini reactor. | a first study of the in vivo kinetic properties of primary metabolism of penicillium chrysogenum is presented. dynamic metabolite data have been generated by rapidly increasing the extracellular glucose concentration of cells cultivated under well-defined conditions in an aerobic glucose-limited chemostat followed by measurement of the fast dynamic response of the primary metabolite levels (glucose pulse experiment). these experiments were carried out directly in the chemostat as well as in a mi ... | 2006 | 16807032 |
| 13c-labeled gluconate tracing as a direct and accurate method for determining the pentose phosphate pathway split ratio in penicillium chrysogenum. | in this study we developed a new method for accurately determining the pentose phosphate pathway (ppp) split ratio, an important metabolic parameter in the primary metabolism of a cell. this method is based on simultaneous feeding of unlabeled glucose and trace amounts of [u-13c]gluconate, followed by measurement of the mass isotopomers of the intracellular metabolites surrounding the 6-phosphogluconate node. the gluconate tracer method was used with a penicillin g-producing chemostat culture of ... | 2006 | 16820467 |
| rate of iodine volatilization and accumulation by filamentous fungi through laboratory cultures. | five strains of basidiomycetes (lentinula edodes, coprinus phlyctidosporus, hebeloma vinosophyllum, pleurotus ostreatus and agaricus bisporus), one strain of ascomycete (hormoconis resinae) and six strains of imperfect fungi (penicillium chrysogenum, penicillium roquefortii, cladosporium cladosporioides, alternaria alternata, aspergillus niger and aspergillus oryzae) were cultured in a liquid medium containing a radioactive iodine tracer ((125)i), and were tested for their abilities to volatiliz ... | 2006 | 16828143 |
| xyloglucanases in the interaction between saprobe fungi and the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus glomus mosseae. | we studied the production of xyloglucanase enzymes of pea and lettuce roots in the presence of saprobe and arbuscular mycorrhizal (am) fungi. the am fungus glomus mosseae and the saprobe fungi fusarium graminearum, fusarium oxysporum-126, trichoderma harzianum, penicillium chrysogenum, pleurotus ostreatus and aspergillus niger were used. g. mosseae increased the shoot and root dry weight of pea but not of lettuce. most of the saprobe fungi increased the level of mycorrhization of pea and lettuce ... | 2007 | 16904235 |
| comparative analysis of mixing distribution in aerobic stirred bioreactor for simulated yeasts and fungus broths. | the study on mixing distribution for an aerobic stirred bioreactor and simulated (solutions of carboxymethylcellulose sodium salt), yeasts (s. cerevisiae) and fungus (p. chrysogenum pellets and free mycelia) broths indicated the significant variation of mixing time on the bioreactor height. the experiments suggested the possibility to reach a uniform mixing in whole bulk of the real broths for a certain value of rotation speed or biomass concentration domain. for s. cerevisiae broths the optimum ... | 2007 | 16909268 |
| a caps test allowing a rapid distinction of penicillium expansum among fungal species collected on grape berries, inferred from the sequence and secondary structure of the mitochondrial ssu-rrna. | penicillium expansum is a fungal species highly damageable for the postharvest conservation of numerous fruits. in vineyards, this fungus is sometimes isolated from grape berries where its presence may lead to the production of geosmin, a powerful earthy odorant, which can impair grapes and wines aromas. however, the discrimination of p. expansum from related fungi is difficult because it is based on ambiguous phenotypic characters and/or expensive and time-consuming molecular tests. in this con ... | 2006 | 16935376 |
| genetic characterization and expression of the novel fungal protease, epg222 active in dry-cured meat products. | epg222 protease is a novel extracellular enzyme produced by penicillium chrysogenum (pg222) isolated from dry-cured hams that has the potential for use over a broad range of applications in industries that produce dry-cured meat products. the gene encoding epg222 protease has been identified. peptide sequences of epg222 were obtained by de novo sequencing of tryptic peptides using mass spectrometry. the corresponding gene was amplified by pcr using degenerated primers based on a combination of c ... | 2006 | 16941178 |
| antimicrobial activity of extracts of chemical races of the lichen pseudevernia furfuracea and their physodic acid, chloroatranorin, atranorin, and olivetoric acid constituents. | the antimicrobial activity and the mic values of the ethanol, chloroform, diethyl ether, and acetone extracts of the chemical races of pseudevernia furfuracea (var. furfuracea and var. ceratea) and their physodic acid, chloroatranorin, atranorin, and olivetoric acid constituents have been investigated against some microorganisms. nearly all extracts of both chemical races showed antimicrobial activity against aeromonas hydrophila, bacillus cereus, bacillus subtilis, listeria monocytogenes, prote ... | 2006 | 16989308 |
| cytosolic nadph metabolism in penicillin-g producing and non-producing chemostat cultures of penicillium chrysogenum. | this study addresses the relation between nadph supply and penicillin synthesis, by comparing the flux through the oxidative branch of the pentose phosphate pathway (ppp; the main source of cytosolic nadph) in penicillin-g producing and non-producing chemostat cultures of penicillium chrysogenum. the fluxes through the oxidative part of the ppp were determined using the recently introduced gluconate-tracer method. significantly higher oxidative ppp fluxes were observed in penicillin-g producing ... | 2007 | 17008114 |
| combined effect of volatile antimicrobial agents on the growth of penicillium notatum. | widely used antimicrobial volatile organic compounds, such as sulphur dioxide and ethanol but also selected aroma compounds such as carvacrol, allyl isothiocyanate (aitc) and cinnamaldehyde, were tested single and in binary combination for their effect on penicillium notatum growth in vapour phase at 30 degrees c. aroma compounds were more efficient compared to sulphur dioxide and ethanol. aitc and cinnamaldehyde had the highest inhibition activity on the growth of p. notatum with minimum inhibi ... | 2007 | 17011661 |
| [collagenolytic activity in several species of deuteromycetes under various storage conditions]. | the ability of deuteromycetes of the genera penicillium, aspergillus, and botrytis to retain collagenolytic activity was studied after both 2 and 10 years of storage on a czapek medium under a layer of mineral oil at 4 degrees c, as well as in silica gel granules at 20 and -60 degrees c. the enzymatic activity of several species, including botrytis terrestris, penicillium janthinellum, penicillium chrysogenum, and penicillium citrinum, was retained under both conditions of storage. aspergillus r ... | 2006 | 17022462 |
| efficiency of penicillium chrysogenum ptcc 5037 in reducing low concentration of chromium hexavalent in a chromium electroplating plant wastewater. | the effectiveness of penicillium chrysogenum was evaluated for reducing cr(vi) from the wastewater of a chromium electroplating plant. statistically-based experimental designs were applied to optimize the condition for reducing cr(vi) to cr(iii). by applying plackett-burman factorial design and central composite design as the optimization step, attempts were made to identify optimal values of the three factors that bringing about maximum microorganism activity and therefore maximum hexavalent ch ... | 2007 | 17035005 |
| clustered sensitivity to fungi: anaphylactic reactions caused by ingestive allergy to yeasts. | respiratory allergy to environmental molds is relatively common, and fungal allergen-specific reactivity seems to cluster in certain persons. however, generalized reactions caused by ingested fungi have seldom been described. | 2006 | 17042133 |
| a two-stage cyclone using microcentrifuge tubes for personal bioaerosol sampling. | personal aerosol samplers are widely used to monitor human exposure to airborne materials. for bioaerosols, interest is growing in analyzing samples using molecular and immunological techniques. this paper presents a personal sampler that uses a two-stage cyclone to collect bioaerosols into disposable 1.5 ml eppendorf-type microcentrifuge tubes. samples can be processed in the tubes for polymerase chain reaction (pcr) or immunoassays, and the use of multiple stages fractionates aerosol particles ... | 2006 | 17075620 |
| distribution of allergens in children with different atopic disorders in central taiwan. | allergic disorders, including asthma, allergic rhinitis, and eczema, are the most common chronic childhood diseases. exposure to house dust mites (hdms) can exacerbate allergic disorders in sensitized individuals. the data for sensitization to hdms and other frequent allergens amongst atopic children in taiwan is limited. we studied 498 children (aged 2-16 years) with atopy in central taiwan with cap testing (cationic antimicrobial protein system). our results revealed a high prevalence of sensi ... | 2006 | 17078465 |
| occupational immunoglobulin e-mediated asthma due to penicillium camemberti in a dry-sausage packer. | a 62-year-old female sausage packer reported progressive work-related asthma, rhinitis and contact urticaria after contact to dry sausages refined by moulds. whereas skin prick tests with commercial mould extracts were negative, the patient showed weak skin sensitization to a cultivated mould sample from a dry sausage. specific immunoglobulin e antibodies to various moulds were demonstrated by immunocap and antibodies to the cultivated mould sample were demonstrated by enzyme allergosorbent test ... | 2008 | 17108671 |
| immobilization of lipase on epoxy activated (1-->3)-alpha-d-glucan isolated from penicillium chrysongenum. | a water-insoluble linear (1-->3)-alpha-d-glucan was isolated from penicillium mycelia. three kinds of epoxy-activated microspheres of this glucan were prepared as supports for candida sp. lipase (ec3.1.1.3) immobilization. the highest immobilization yield was 36.4%. the specific activity was 26.85 u/mg, and only 4.1% of activity was lost in comparison with the free enzyme used for immobilization. the higher thermal stability, storage stability, and reusability of the immobilized lipase make it a ... | 2006 | 17151459 |
| seasonal distribution of alternaria, aspergillus, cladosporium and penicillium species isolated in homes of fungal allergic patients. | allergy to airborne fungi can cause rhinitis and severe asthma, hence the exposure to spores inside home is an important factor of sensitization. the aim of this study was to determine the distribution and prevalence of species of alternaria, aspergillus, cladosporium and penicillium inside and outside of homes of patients allergic to fungi and to evaluate seasonal variations. | 2006 | 17153883 |
| chromate sorption and reduction kinetics onto an aminated biosorbent. | a novel biosorbent was prepared by chemically grafting of polyethylenimine (pei) onto the fungal biomass of penicillium chrysogenum through a two-step reaction. the modified biosorbent is favorable for the removal of anionic cr(vi) species from aqueous solution due to the protonation of amine groups on the biomass surface. the sorption capacity for cr(vi) increased by 7.2-fold after surface modification. sorption kinetics results show that the pseudo-second-order kinetic model described the expe ... | 2006 | 17165441 |
| fungal strains isolated from cork stoppers and the formation of 2,4,6-trichloroanisole involved in the cork taint of wine. | cork taint is mainly due to 2,4,6-trichloroanisole (tca) produced through the activity of undesirable fungal strains. we observed that cfu mould number in tca-containing stoppers was not quantitatively different to that of the stoppers not containing tca (ca. 10(5)cfu/g). in contrast more fungi diversity was observed in tca-containing stoppers. penicillium spp (penicillium chrysogenum, penicillium glabrum), aspergillus spp (aspergillus niger and aspergillus oryzae), chrysonilia sitophila, mucor ... | 2007 | 17188205 |
| mould germination: data treatment and modelling. | the objectives of this study were i/ to examine germination data sets over a range of environmental conditions (water activity, temperature) for eight food spoilage moulds, ii/ to compare the ability of the gompertz equation and logistic function to fit the experimental plots, iii/ to simulate germination by assessing various distributions of the latent period for germination amongst a population of spores. data sets (percentage germination, p (%), versus time, t) of aspergillus carbonarius, asp ... | 2007 | 17188772 |
| [short communication: prevalence of fungal allergy in patients applied to hospital with symptoms of atopic disease in kocaeli, turkey]. | the aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of fungal sensitization and to detect the ige and eosinophilic cationic protein (ecp) levels in the positive cases inhabiting in kocaeli province (located in northwest region of turkey). the results of mixed fungus tests of 1.799 patients (870 male, 929 female) ages between 3-80 years old who were admitted to kocaeli university medical faculty hospital in the period of january 2002-january 2005, with the symptoms of atopic disease such as u ... | 2006 | 17205697 |
| [october 30, 1928, a key date in fleming's diary]. | | 2006 | 17235410 |
| analysis of vegetative segregation and recombination in penicillium chrysogenum. | | 1957 | 17247706 |
| chemically-induced instabilities in a heterozygous diploid of penicillium chrysogenum. | | 1959 | 17247807 |
| action of manganous chloride on induced somatic segregation in penicillium chrysogenum diploids. | | 1959 | 17247836 |
| cloning, sequencing and expression analysis of the first cellulase gene encoding cellobiohydrolase 1 from a cold-adaptive penicillium chrysogenum fs010. | a cellobiohydrolase 1 gene (cbh1) was cloned from penicillium chrysogenum fs010 by a modified thermal asymmetric interlaced polymerase chain reaction (tail-pcr). dna sequencing shows that cbh1 has an open reading frame of 1590 bp, encoding a putative protein of 529 amino acid residues. the deduced amino acid sequence revealed that cbhi has a modular structure with a predicted molecular mass of 56 kda and consists of a fungal type carbohydrate binding module separated from a catalytic domain by a ... | 2007 | 17277884 |
| fermentation and antimicrobial activities of extracts from different species of fungus belonging to genus, trichoderma. | the present paper discusses the effects of the crude extracts of trichoderma spp. on a number of fungal and bacterial organisms. these include paecilomyces variotii, penicillium notatum, nematospora corylii, mucor miehei, bacillus brevis, bacillus subtilis, enterobacter dissolvens and sarcina lutea. the culture broth extracts of different isolates of trichoderma harzianum, t. longibrachiatum and t. koningii cultured in different media were investigated individually for in-vitro antifungal and an ... | 2004 | 17298115 |
| interactions between statins and penicillium chrysogenum antifungal protein (paf) to inhibit the germination of sporangiospores of different sensitive zygomycetes. | this study reports on the antifungal activities of statins combined with an antifungal compound secreted by penicillium chrysogenum, paf. several species belonging in the class zygomycetes are considered to be agents of human or animal mycoses; other species have significance as postharvest plant pathogens. in the present work, four species (rhizopus stolonifer, mortierella wolfii, syncephalastrum racemosum and mycotypha africana) that exhibited different sensitivities to lovastatin and paf in p ... | 2007 | 17302920 |
| removal of as(v) and as(iii) from water with a pei-modified fungal biomass. | a novel biosorbent was prepared by chemically grafting polyethylenimine (pei) on the fungal biomass of penicillium chrysogenum through a two-step reaction. the pei-modified biomass was found to possess zero zeta potential at ph 10.4. owing to the protonation of amine groups on the biosorbent surface, the biosorbent is favourable for the removal of anionic arsenic species in water. the sorption capacity for as(v) at ph 3 increased by 5.7-fold after surface modification. the sorption performances ... | 2007 | 17305138 |
| trans-splicing of an artificially split fungal mini-intein. | inteins are internal protein domains found inside the coding region of different proteins. they can autocatalytically self-excise from their host protein and ligate the protein flanks, called exteins, with a peptide bond via a post-translational process called protein cis-splicing. in contrast, protein trans-splicing involves inteins split into an n- and a c-terminal domain. both domains are synthesized as two separate components and each joined to an extein; the intein domains can reassemble an ... | 2007 | 17316565 |
| expression in escherichia coli and purification of bioactive antibacterial peptide abp-cm4 from the chinese silk worm, bombyx mori. | the antibacterial peptide cm4 (abp-cm4), isolated from chinese bombys mori, is a 35-residue cationic, amphipathic alpha-helical peptide that exhibits a broad range of antimicrobial activity. to explore a new approach for the expression of abp-cm4 in e. coli, the gene abp-cm4, obtained by recursive pcr (rpcr), was cloned into the vector pet32a to construct a fusion expression plasmid. the fusion protein trx-cm4 was expressed in soluble form, purified by ni(2+)-chelating chromatography, and cleave ... | 2007 | 17375264 |
| deacetylcephalosporin c production in penicillium chrysogenum by expression of the isopenicillin n epimerization, ring expansion, and acetylation genes. | penicillium chrysogenum npe6 lacking isopenicillin n acyltransferase activity is an excellent host for production of different beta-lactam antibiotics. we have constructed p. chrysogenum strains expressing cefd1, cefd2, cefef, and cefg genes cloned from acremonium chrysogenum. northern analysis revealed that the four genes were expressed in p. chrysogenum. the recombinant strains ta64, ta71, and ta98 secreted significant amounts of deacetylcephalosporin c, but cephalosporin c was not detected in ... | 2007 | 17379148 |
| toxins from strains of penicillium chrysogenum isolated from buildings and other sources. | in 2004, scott et al. (mycologia 2004; 96: 1095-1105) determined that there are four molecular species within p. chrysogenum, one of which (clade 4) was dominant in isolates in house dust in approximately 100 homes in southern ontario, canada. we collected additional strains from buildings across canada and obtained some from daom. the large majority of our strains were in clade 4, with a modest number of strains in clade 1. because these strains came from across canada, the dominance of clade 4 ... | 2007 | 17380432 |
| multi-objective optimization of an industrial penicillin v bioreactor train using non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm. | bulk of the penicillin produced is used as raw material for semi-synthetic penicillin (such as amoxicillin and ampicillin) and semi-synthetic cephalosporins (such as cephalexin and cefadroxil). in the present paper, an industrial penicillin v bioreactor train is optimized for multiple objectives simultaneously. an industrial train, comprising a bank of identical bioreactors, is run semi-continuously in a synchronous fashion. the fermentation taking place in a bioreactor is modeled using a morpho ... | 2007 | 17405176 |
| [reaction of microorganisms to the digestive fluid of the earthworms]. | the reaction of soil bacteria and fungi to the digestive fluid of the earthworm aporrectodea caliginosa was studied. the fluid was obtained by centrifugation of the native enzymes of the digestive tract. the inhibition of growth of certain bacteria, spores, and fungal hyphae under the effect of extracts from the anterior and middle sections of the digestive tract of a. caliginosa was discovered for the first time. in bacteria, microcolony formation was inhibited as early as 20-30 s after the app ... | 2007 | 17410875 |
| reprogramming hansenula polymorpha for penicillin production: expression of the penicillium chrysogenum pcl gene. | we aim to introduce the penicillin biosynthetic pathway into the methylotrophic yeast hansenula polymorpha. to allow simultaneous expression of the multiple genes of the penicillin biosynthetic pathway, additional markers were required. to this end, we constructed a novel host-vector system based on methionine auxotrophy and the h. polymorpha met6 gene, which encodes a putative cystathionine beta-lyase. with this new host-vector system, the penicillium chrysogenum pcl gene, encoding peroxisomal ... | 2007 | 17419769 |
| study on the diversity of endophytic communities from rice (oryza sativa l.) and their antagonistic activities in vitro. | endophytic populations were isolated from 2400 segments of oryza sativa collected from bhadra river project area, southern india during december 2005 (winter) and april 2006 (summer). overall colonization rates from surface sterilized tissues were 40.3% in roots and 25.83% in leaves during winter season, 20.15% in roots and 8.66% in leaves during summer season. nineteen different fungal taxa, a streptomyces sp. and bacterial species were isolated. streptomyces sp., chaetomium globosum, penicilli ... | 2009 | 17433644 |
| the pga1 gene of penicillium chrysogenum nrrl 1951 encodes a heterotrimeric g protein alpha subunit that controls growth and development. | the pga1 gene of penicillium chrysogenum nrrl 1951 has been cloned and shown to participate in the developmental program of this fungus. it encodes a protein showing a high degree of identity to group i alpha subunits of fungal heterotrimeric g proteins, presenting in its sequence all the distinctive characteristics of this group. northern analysis revealed that pga1 is highly expressed in a constitutive manner in submerged cultures, while its expression changes during development on solid media ... | 2007 | 17467244 |
| increased neurotrophin production in a penicillium chrysogenum-induced allergic asthma model in mice. | neurotrophins, including nerve growth factor (ngf), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (bdnf), and neurotrophin (nt)-3, have been implicated in the pathogenesis of many features and symptoms of asthma. the role of neurotrophins in fungal allergic asthma, however, is unknown. repeated pulmonary challenge with penicillium chrysogenum extract (pce) induces dose-dependent allergic asthma-like responses in mice. the aim of this study was to investigate whether neurotrophins are involved in the pce-ind ... | 2007 | 17497413 |
| in vivo transport of the intermediates of the penicillin biosynthetic pathway in tailored strains of penicillium chrysogenum. | penicillium chrysogenum npe10 (deltapen; lacking the 56.8-kbp amplified region containing the penicillin gene cluster), complemented with one, two, or three penicillin biosynthetic genes, was used for in vivo studies on transport of benzylpenicillin intermediates. 6-aminopenicillanic acid (6-apa) was taken up efficiently by p. chrysogenum npe10 unlike exogenous delta(l: -alpha-aminoadipyl)-l: -cysteinyl-d: -valine or isopenicillin n (ipn), which were not taken up or were taken up very poorly. in ... | 2007 | 17516062 |
| formate as an auxiliary substrate for glucose-limited cultivation of penicillium chrysogenum: impact on penicillin g production and biomass yield. | production of beta-lactams by the filamentous fungus penicillium chrysogenum requires a substantial input of atp. during glucose-limited growth, this atp is derived from glucose dissimilation, which reduces the product yield on glucose. the present study has investigated whether penicillin g yields on glucose can be enhanced by cofeeding of an auxiliary substrate that acts as an energy source but not as a carbon substrate. as a model system, a high-producing industrial strain of p. chrysogenum w ... | 2007 | 17545326 |
| functional characterization of the penicillin biosynthetic gene cluster of penicillium chrysogenum wisconsin54-1255. | industrial strain improvement via classical mutagenesis is a black box approach. in an attempt to learn from and understand the mutations introduced, we cloned and characterized the amplified region of industrial penicillin production strains. upon amplification of this region penicillium chrysogenum is capable of producing an increased amount of antibiotics, as was previously reported [barredo, j.l., diez, b., alvarez, e., martín, j.f., 1989a. large amplification of a 35-kb dna fragment carryin ... | 2007 | 17548217 |
| leslie a (epstein) falk (1915-2004) and penicillin production at oxford. | to establish penicillin as a unique chemotherapeutic agent, howard florey and his colleagues at the sir william dunn school of pathology at oxford university needed to produce it in significant amounts. the first attempts to grow penicillium notatum for penicillin production were carried out by florey's colleague, ernst chain, in association with an american rhodes scholar, leslie a epstein, beginning in 1939. little has been known about this work except that some impure penicillin was obtained ... | 2007 | 17551607 |
| (gtg)5 microsatellite regions in citrinin-producing penicillium. | morphological and cultural characteristics, as well as biochemical properties, are the main criteria used in fungal taxonomy and in the standard description of fungi species. sometimes, however, this criterion is difficult to apply due to fungal phenotypic variations. this is particularly true in the genus penicillium. the aims of this work were to determine (gtg)5 microsatellite sequence in potentially citrinin-producing penicillium strains and to investigate if this sequence could be useful to ... | 2007 | 17592889 |
| molecular cloning and functional identification of a novel phenylacetyl-coa ligase gene from penicillium chrysogenum. | a novel phenylacetyl-coa ligase gene, designated phlb, was cloned and identified from the penicillin producing strain penicillium chrysogenum based on subtractive suppression hybridization approach. the phlb gene contains a 1686-bp open-reading frame and encodes a protein of approximately 62.6 kda. the deduced amino acid sequence shows about 35% identity to the characterized p. chrysogenum phenylacetyl-coa ligase phl and has a peroxisomal targeting signal on its c-terminal. recombinant phlb prot ... | 2007 | 17612506 |
| [what is the role of allergic sensitization in graves' disease?]. | recent data supported the presence of t helper 2 dominance in the immune processes of graves' disease and allergic diseases. a common role of regulatory t cells in the antigen- (or allergen-) specific immune responses was also demonstrated. | 2007 | 17631469 |
| cross-reactivity of non-aspergillus fungal species in the aspergillus galactomannan enzyme immunoassay. | the aspergillus galactomannan enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (eia) has been demonstrated to facilitate rapid and sensitive detection of invasive aspergillosis. however, test specificity has not been fully evaluated in non-aspergillus fungal species. of 53 fungal isolates, cross-reactivity was observed with 5 non-aspergillus spp.: blastomyces dermatitidis, nigrospora oryzae, paecilomyces lilacinus, penicillium chrysogenum, and trichothecium roseum. | 2007 | 17662550 |
| isocoumarin derivatives from the sea squirt-derived fungus penicillium stoloniferum qy2-10 and the halotolerant fungus penicillium notatum b-52. | two isocoumarin derivatives, stoloniferol a (1) and b (2), a known 5alpha, 8alpha-epidioxy-23-methyl-(22e, 24r)-ergosta-6, 22-dien-3beta-ol (3), and a known dihydrocitrinone (4) were isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of the sea squirt-derived fungus, penicillium stoloniferum qy2-10, and a halophilic fungus, penicillium notatum b-52, respectively. their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods and optical rotation. the stereochemistry of 2 was determined on the basis of different ... | 2007 | 17703731 |
| the inhibiting effect of quinones on the growth of penicillium notatum. | | 1945 | 17735533 |
| relation of dual phenomenon in penicillium notatum to penicillin production. | | 1944 | 17735974 |
| enhanced production of penicillin in fluid medium containing cellophane. | enhanced production of penicillin is made possible by addition of cellophane to fluid media. with cellophane bags of suitable surface, the growth of the submerged and surface penicillin producing strains of penicillium notatum is significantly faster and more abundant; penicillin makes its appearance earlier and reaches higher concentration in larger total volumes than in control cultures without cellophane. thus the gain with the method described is both in the rate of production as well as in ... | 1944 | 17740324 |
| growth inhibition of insects and a fungus by indole-3-acetonitrile. | indole-3-acetonitrile obtained from cabbage has been found to inhibit growth of pyrausta nubilalis (hbn.), galleria mellonella (l.), and penicillium chrysogenum. | 1961 | 17754432 |
| new strains of penicillium notatum induced by bombardment with neutrons. | | 1945 | 17755599 |
| ergosterol from the mycelium of penicillium notatum (submerged culture). | | 1946 | 17787490 |
| the reduction of 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride by penicillium chrysogenum. | | 1949 | 17791299 |
| purification and properties of the second antibacterial substance produced by penicillium notatum. | | 1943 | 17809638 |
| isolation of ergosterol from penicillium notatum. | | 1944 | 17810623 |
| nuclear behavior in relation to culture methods for penicillium notatum westling. | | 1944 | 17810631 |
| [cloning and characterization of a novel glutathione transferase gene from penicillium chrysogenum]. | glutathione transferases (gsts) are a family of multifunctional proteins that mainly catalyze the conjugation of intracellular glutathione (gsh) to a wide variety of endogenous and exogenous electrophilic compounds. gsts play important roles in stress tolerance and in the detoxification metabolism in organisms. a novel gst gene, pc gstb, was cloned from penicillin producing fungus penicillium chrysogenum using rt-pcr. the open reading frame (orf) of pc gstb was 651 bp and encoded a peptide of 21 ... | 2007 | 17822032 |
| characterization of a novel tyrosine permease of lager brewing yeast shared by saccharomyces cerevisiae strain rm11-1a. | in saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast, the uptake of aromatic amino acids is mediated by the relatively specific permeases tat1p, tat2p, bap2p, and bap3p, as well as by two other permeases with broader specificities: gap1p and agp1p. here, a novel permease gene tat3 (tyrosine amino acid transporter) identified in the s. cerevisiae-type subset genome of the lager brewing yeast strain weihenstephan nr.34 (34/70) is reported. the tat3 sequence was also found in the genome of s. cerevisiae strain rm11-1 ... | 2007 | 17825063 |