| zinc stress affects ionome and metabolome in tea plants. | the research of physiological responses to zn stress in plants has been extensively studied. however, the ionomics and metabolomics responses of plants to zn stress remain largely unknown. in present study, the nutrient elements were identified involved in ion homeostasis and metabolomics changes related to zn deficiency or excess in tea plants. nutrient element analysis demonstrated that the concentrations of zn affected the ion-uptake in roots and the nutrient element transportation to leaves, ... | 2017 | 27992770 |
| effect of diabetea tea ™ consumption on inflammatory cytokines and metabolic biomarkers in type 2 diabetes patients. | diabetea tea™ (dt) is an anti-diabetic alternative medicine in some asian countries. the main constituent of dt is black tea originating from camellia sinensis that is supplemented by 12 other medicinal plants. black tea contains a large amount of the flavonoids catechins especially epigallocatechin gallate (egcg) which has anti-inflammatory and antioxidative capacity. this study was undertaken to evaluate the possible effects of dt intake on inflammatory cytokines, regulatory t cells (tregs) an ... | 2016 | 27989874 |
| effect of green tea (camellia sinensis) extract and pre-freezing equilibration time on the post-thawing quality of ram semen cryopreserved in a soybean lecithin-based extender. | the aim of this study was to determine the effect of camellia sinensis extract as antioxidant supplement and pre-freezing equilibration times in a soybean lecithin extender for freezing ram semen. in this study, a total of 20 ejaculates were collected from four ghezel rams and diluted with extenders (1.5% soybean lecithin, 7% glycerol) containing no supplements (control) and camellia sinensis extract (5, 10, and 15 mg/l) and cryopreserved, immediately after thermal equilibrium was reached at 5 ° ... | 2016 | 27983946 |
| amelioration of gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane (lindane) induced renal toxicity by camellia sinensis in wistar rats. | a study to assess the toxic effects of gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane (γ-hch) (lindane) and ameliorative effects of camellia sinensis on renal system has been carried out in male wistar rats. | 2016 | 27956790 |
| natural product htp screening for attenuation of cytokine-induced neutrophil chemo attractants (cincs) and no2- in lps/ifnγ activated glioma cells. | chronic and acute central nervous system (cns) inflammation are contributors toward neurological injury associated with head trauma, stroke, infection, parkinsons or alzheimers disease. cns inflammatory illnesses can also contribute toward risk of developing glioblastoma multiforme (gbm). with growing public interest in complementary and alternative medicines (cams), we conduct a high throughput (htp) screening of >1400 natural herbs, plants and over the counter (otc) products for anti-inflammat ... | 2017 | 27956075 |
| mechanisms of body weight reduction by black tea polyphenols. | obesity is one of the most common nutritional diseases worldwide. this disease causes health problems, such as dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, hypertension and inflammation. there are drugs used to inhibit obesity. however, they have serious side effects outweighing their beneficial effects. black tea, commonly referred to as "fermented tea", has shown a positive effect on reducing body weight in animal models. black tea polyphenols are the major components in black tea which reduce body weight. bl ... | 2016 | 27941615 |
| characteristics of nh4(+) and no3(-) fluxes in tea (camellia sinensis) roots measured by scanning ion-selective electrode technique. | as a vital beverage crop, tea has been extensively planted in tropical and subtropical regions. nitrogen (n) levels and forms are closely related to tea quality. based on different n levels and forms, we studied changes in no3(-) and nh4(+) fluxes in tea roots utilizing scanning ion-selective electrode technique. our results showed that under both single and mixed n forms, influx rates of no3(-) were much lower than those of nh4(+), suggesting a preference for nh4(+) in tea. with the increase in ... | 2016 | 27918495 |
| protective effects of green tea and its main constituents against natural and chemical toxins: a comprehensive review. | toxins are natural or chemical poisonous substances with severe side effects on health. humans are generally exposed by widespread toxic contaminations via air, soil, water, food, fruits and vegetables. determining a critical antidote agent with extensive effects on different toxins is an ultimate goal for all toxicologists. traditional medicine is currently perceived as a safe and natural approach against toxins. in this regard, we focused on the protective effects of green tea (camellia sinens ... | 2017 | 27915048 |
| inhibitory effects of l-theanine on airway inflammation in ovalbumin-induced allergic asthma. | l-theanine, a water-soluble amino acid isolated from green tea (camellia sinensis), has anti-inflammatory activity, antioxidative properties, and hepatoprotective effects. however, the anti-allergic effect of l-theanine and its underlying molecular mechanisms have not been elucidated. in this study, we investigated the protective effects of l-theanine on asthmatic responses, particularly airway inflammation and oxidative stress modulation in an ovalbumin (ova)-induced murine model of asthma. tre ... | 2017 | 27908701 |
| noni leaf and black tea enhance bone regeneration in estrogen-deficient rats. | black tea and nonileaf are among the dietary compounds that can benefit patients with bone resorption disorders. their bone regeneration effects and their mechanisms were studied in estrogen-deficient rats. | 2017 | 27908549 |
| the antiproliferative effect of chakasaponins i and ii, floratheasaponin a, and epigallocatechin 3-o-gallate isolated from camellia sinensis on human digestive tract carcinoma cell lines. | acylated oleanane-type triterpene saponins, namely chakasaponins i (1) and ii (2), floratheasaponin a (3), and their analogs, together with catechins-including (-)-epigallocatechin 3-o-gallate (4), flavonoids, and caffeine-have been isolated as characteristic functional constituents from the extracts of "tea flower", the flower buds of camellia sinensis (theaceae), which have common components with that of the leaf part. these isolates exhibited antiproliferative activities against human digesti ... | 2016 | 27898032 |
| dye degradation by green heterogeneous fenton catalysts prepared in presence of camellia sinensis. | this work describes the synthesis and characterization of supported green iron catalysts, prepared with camellia sinensis tea extract, and their application in heterogeneous fenton degradation of pollutant dyes. the influence of the catalyst synthesis conditions in the iron and organic content were investigated by x-ray fluorescence and thermogravimetric analyses. irregular, chain-like nanoparticles, in the size range of 20-100 nm, capped by polyphenolic natural compounds, were visualized by tem ... | 2017 | 27883942 |
| transcriptome-based analysis of dof family transcription factors and their responses to abiotic stress in tea plant (camellia sinensis). | tea plant (camellia sinensis (l.) o. kuntze) is affected by abiotic stress during its growth and development. dna-binding with one finger (dof) transcription factors (tfs) play important roles in abiotic stress tolerance of plants. in this study, a total of 29 putative dof tfs were identified based on transcriptome of tea plant, and the conserved domains and common motifs of these csdof tfs were predicted and analyzed. the 29 csdof proteins were divided into 7 groups (a, b1, b2, c1, c2.1, c2.2, ... | 2016 | 27872842 |
| in vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory effects of theaflavin-3,3'-digallate on lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation. | inflammation is a defensive response against various harmful stimuli and stress conditions, such as tissue injury and one of the most common pathological processes occurring in human diseases. theaflavin-3,3'-digallate, one of the theaflavins present in black tea, exhibits several bioactive properties, including the ability to lower the incidence of coronary heart disease, a positive effect on the bone mineral density, and the ability to prevent cancer. the aim of this study was to evaluate whet ... | 2017 | 27871911 |
| antioxidant properties of tea blunt ros-dependent lipogenesis: beneficial effect on hepatic steatosis in a high fat-high sucrose diet nafld obese rat model. | oxidative stress could trigger lipid accumulation in liver and thus hepatic steatosis. tea is able to prevent liver disorders, but a direct link between antioxidant capacities and prevention of steatosis has not been reported yet. we aimed to investigate such relationship in a rat model of high fat-high sucrose diet (hfs)-induced obesity and to explore more deeply the mechanisms in isolated hepatocytes. wistar rats were divided into a control group (standard diet), an hfs group (high fat-sucrose ... | 2017 | 27866076 |
| absolute quantification of micrornas in green tea (camellia sinensis) by stem-loop quantitative real-time pcr. | there are some studies to show that food-derived plant micrornas (mirnas) may be detected in mammals. the research evidence has provoked a considerable debate whether plant-derived mirnas exert the same regulatory functions as endogenous animal mirnas. to test the hypothesis, methods of highly sensitive absolute quantification mirnas have been developed. however, absolute mirna quantification of green tea has not yet been reported. this study is the first to build an absolute quantification meth ... | 2016 | 27861949 |
| variation of theanine, phenolic, and methylxanthine compounds in 21 cultivars of camellia sinensis harvested in different seasons. | this is the first study to use chemometric methods to differentiate among 21 cultivars of camellia sinensis from china and between leaves harvested at different times of the year using 30 compounds implicated in the taste and quality of tea. unique patterns of catechin derivatives were observed among cultivars and across harvest seasons. c. sinensis var. pubilimba (you 510) differed from the cultivars of c. sinensis var. sinensis, with higher levels of theobromine, (+)-catechin, gallocatechin, g ... | 2017 | 27855934 |
| dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction based on solidification of floating organic drop for preconcentration and determination of trace amounts of copper by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. | a novel, simple, rapid, sensitive, inexpensive and environmentally friendly dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction method based on the solidification of a floating organic drop (dllme-sfo) was developed for the determination of copper by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (faas). n-o-vanillidine-2-amino-p-cresol was used as a chelating ligand and 1-undecanol was selected as an extraction solvent. the main parameters affecting the performance of dllme-sfo, such as sample ph, volume of extract ... | 2017 | 27855895 |
| transcriptome-wide identification and expression analysis of the nac gene family in tea plant [camellia sinensis (l.) o. kuntze]. | in plants, the nac (nam-ataf1/2-cuc) family of proteins constitutes several transcription factors and plays vital roles in diverse biological processes, such as growth, development, and adaption to adverse factors. tea, as a non-alcoholic drink, is known for its bioactive ingredients and health efficacy. currently, knowledge about nac gene family in tea plant remains very limited. in this study, a total of 45 csnac genes encoding nac proteins including three membrane-bound members were identifie ... | 2016 | 27855193 |
| black tea increases circulating endothelial progenitor cells and improves flow mediated dilatation counteracting deleterious effects from a fat load in hypertensive patients: a randomized controlled study. | (1) background: endothelial dysfunction predicts cardiovascular events. circulating angiogenic cells (cacs) maintain and repair the endothelium regulating its function. tea flavonoids reduce cardiovascular risk. we investigated the effects of black tea on the number of cacs and on flow-mediated dilation (fmd) before and after an oral fat in hypertensives; (2) methods: in a randomized, double-blind, controlled, cross-over study, 19 patients were assigned to black tea (150 mg polyphenols) or a pla ... | 2016 | 27854314 |
| comparative transcriptome analysis of chinary, assamica and cambod tea (camellia sinensis) types during development and seasonal variation using rna-seq technology. | tea quality and yield is influenced by various factors including developmental tissue, seasonal variation and cultivar type. here, the molecular basis of these factors was investigated in three tea cultivars namely, him sphurti (h), tv23 (t), and upasi-9 (u) using rna-seq. seasonal variation in these cultivars was studied during active (a), mid-dormant (md), dormant (d) and mid-active (ma) stages in two developmental tissues viz. young and old leaf. development appears to affect gene expression ... | 2016 | 27853259 |
| cytochrome p450 2a6 phenotyping using dietary caffeine salivary metabolite ratios and genotyping using blood on storage cards in non-smoking japanese volunteers. | a simple method of genotyping and phenotyping cytochrome p450 2a6 (cyp2a6) was previously reported using individual blood samples and urinary caffeine metabolite ratios of 1,7-dimethyluric acid (17u) to 1-methylxanthine (1x). | 2016 | 27842485 |
| theaflavin-3,3'-digallate represses osteoclastogenesis and prevents wear debris-induced osteolysis via suppression of erk pathway. | peri-implant osteolysis (pio) and the following aseptic loosening is the leading cause of implant failure. emerging evidence suggests that receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-b ligand (rankl)-induced osteoclast formation and osteoclastic bone resorption are responsible for particle-stimulated pio. here, we explored the effect of theaflavin-3,3'-digallate (tf3) on titanium particle-induced osteolysis in vivo and in vitro. twenty-eight male c57bl/6 mice were randomly separated into four gro ... | 2017 | 27838465 |
| design, development, and characterization of lipid nanocarriers-based epigallocatechin gallate delivery system for preventive and therapeutic supplementation. | green tea is manufactured from the leaves of camellia sinensis and has been shown to possess, among other properties, anticancer, antiobesity, antiatherosclerotic, antidiabetic, antibacterial, and antiviral effects. the beneficial effects of green tea are related to the activities of (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (egcg). this catechin is very unstable, undergoing degradation and epimerization, which is responsible for the loss of its health benefits. encapsulation in nanoparticles (nps) is an eff ... | 2016 | 27826184 |
| the modulatory effect of infusions of green tea, oolong tea, and black tea on gut microbiota in high-fat-induced obese mice. | tea consumption has been identified to have an anti-obesity effect. whether it is associated with gut microbiota modulation is investigated in this study. phenolic profiles of infusions of green tea, oolong tea and black tea were comprehensively compared first, by utilizing ultra-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (uplc-esi-q-tofms). subsequently, high-fat-diet induced obese c57bl/6j mice were orally administered these three type ... | 2016 | 27812583 |
| tea, coffee, and caffeinated beverage consumption and risk of epithelial ovarian cancers. | the risk for epithelial ovarian cancer associated with the consumption of caffeinated beverages (tea, coffee, and soft drinks) and green tea is inconclusive. however, few studies have investigated the type of caffeinated beverage or the type of tea. | 2016 | 27810483 |
| tea polysaccharides and their bioactivities. | tea (camellia sinensis) is a beverage beneficial to health and is also a source for extracting bioactive components such as theanine, tea polyphenols (tpp) and tea polysaccharides (tps). tps is a group of heteropolysaccharides bound with proteins. there is evidence showing that tps not only improves immunity but also has various bioactivities, such as antioxidant, antitumor, antihyperglycemia, and anti-inflammation. however, inconsistent results concerning chemical composition and bioactivity of ... | 2016 | 27809221 |
| expression profile analysis of ascorbic acid-related genes in response to temperature stress in the tea plant, camellia sinensis (l.) o. kuntze. | ascorbic acid (asa), also known as ascorbate or vitamin c, is a natural organic compound in green plants that has antioxidant properties, and is an essential nutrient for humans. the tea plant, camellia sinensis (l.) o. kuntze, is an important global economic crop. here, the expression profiles of genes related to asa biosynthesis and recycling were analyzed in tea plants in response to temperature stress. eighteen genes involved in asa biosynthesis and recycling pathways were identified based o ... | 2016 | 27808374 |
| levels of trace elements in black teas commercialized in saudi arabia using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. | the present work has been demonstrated a developed method for the determination of mn, fe, co, ni, cu, zn, mo, cd, as, cr, pb, and v in different types of black teas collected from saudi arabia market using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (icp-ms). each sample represents a well-mixed combination of ten packets from the same type collected from the market. detection limits in ng g(-1) were 76.06, 166.03, 5.94, 2.94, 18.29, 18.29, 9.00, 0.48, 0.48, 7.67, 3.07, and 4.21 for mn, fe, co, ... | 2016 | 27166629 |
| interactions between α-amylase and an acidic branched polysaccharide from green tea. | to understand the mechanism responsible for the α-amylase inhibitory activity of tea polysaccharides, the interaction between α-amylase and an acidic branched tea polysaccharide (tpsa) was investigated using fluorescence spectroscopy and resonance light scattering analysis. tpsa, exhibiting inhibitory activity towards α-amylase (the maximum inhibition percentage of 65%), was isolated from green tea (camellia sinensis) and characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, fourier transfor ... | 2017 | 27756641 |
| camellia sinensis in asymptomatic hyperuricemia: a meta-analysis of tea or tea extract effects on uric acid levels. | flavanols of camellia sinensis exhibit uric acid (ua) lowering effect, through the modulation of both xanthine oxidase and urate excretion. in order to investigate the potential benefit of camellia sinenis products in asymptomatic hyperuricemia, a meta-analysis of long-term randomized controlled trials (rct) with tea or tea extract has been conducted. from 20 human intervention studies selected only 5 rct (13 interventions) were suitable for meta-analysis (n = 472). the current "normal" range se ... | 2017 | 25849609 |
| the identification and evaluation of two different color variations of tea. | the tea plant, camellia sinensis (l.) o. kuntz, is a perennial woody plant widely cultivated for the production of a popular non-alcoholic beverage. to rapidly identify and evaluate two different color tea varieties (yellowish and purplish), the main phenotypic traits and quality components were tested in the present study. the metabolic profiles of tea shoots and leaves were also analyzed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. | 2016 | 27407065 |
| white tea intake prevents prediabetes-induced metabolic dysfunctions in testis and epididymis preserving sperm quality. | prediabetes has been associated with alterations in male reproductive tract, especially in testis and epididymis. moreover, in vitro studies described a promising action of tea (camellia sinensis l.) against metabolic dysfunctions. herein, we hypothesized that white tea (wtea) ingestion by prediabetic animals could ameliorate the metabolic alterations induced by the disease in testicular and epididymal tissues, preserving sperm quality. wtea infusion was prepared and its phytochemical profile wa ... | 2016 | 27637002 |
| gene expression profile indicates involvement of no in camellia sinensis pollen tube growth at low temperature. | nitric oxide (no) functions as a critical signaling molecule in the low-temperature stress responses in plants, including polarized pollen tube growth in camellia sinensis. despite this, the potential mechanisms underlying the participation of no in pollen tube responses to low temperature remain unclear. here, we investigate alterations to gene expression in c. sinensis pollen tubes exposed to low-temperature stress and no using rna-seq technology, in order to find the potential candidate genes ... | 2016 | 27756219 |
| effect of oral theaflavin administration on body weight, fat, and muscle in healthy subjects: a randomized pilot study. | theaflavins are reddish-colored polyphenols in black tea. to test the efficacy of theaflavin administration on body fat and muscle, we performed a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study and investigated the effect of theaflavins administration on the body composition using of healthy subjects. in this study, 30 male and female japanese were enrolled and participants were randomly allocated to receive placebo, theaflavin (50 or 100 mg/day), or catechin (400 mg/ml) for 10 weeks. the ef ... | 2017 | 27756182 |
| antioxidants from black and green tea: from dietary modulation of oxidative stress to pharmacological mechanisms. | the consumption of tea (camellia sinensis) has been correlated with a low incidence of chronic pathologies, such as cardiovascular disease and cancer, in which oxidative stress plays a critical role. tea catechins and theaflavins are, respectively, the bioactive phytochemicals responsible for the antioxidant activity of green tea (gt) and black tea (bt). in addition to their redox properties, tea catechins and theaflavins could have also pharmacological activities, such as the ability to lower g ... | 2016 | 27747873 |
| the consumption of coffee and black tea and the risk of lung cancer. | coffee and black tea are among the most consumed beverages worldwide. although their potential role in lung cancer occurrence has been investigated in several studies, results have been inconclusive. we investigated the associations between intake of coffee and black tea with lung cancer in a population-based case-control study in montreal, canada. | 2016 | 27743642 |
| concomitant ingestion of lactic acid bacteria and black tea synergistically enhances flavonoid bioavailability and attenuates d-galactose-induced oxidative stress in mice via modulating glutathione antioxidant system. | black tea (bt) has been positively linked to improved redox status, while its efficacy is limited due to the low bioavailability of bt flavonoids. in addition to the direct antioxidant activity, flavonoids regulate redox balance via inducing endogenous antioxidants, particularly glutathione (gsh) and gsh-dependent antioxidant enzymes. this work first examined the effect of lactic acid bacteria (lab) and bt alone or in combination on flavonoid bioavailability and metabolism; next, the effect of l ... | 2016 | 27736731 |
| analysis of the influence of food colorings in esthetic orthodontic elastomeric ligatures. | the purpose of this study was to evaluate in vitro the color changes of esthetic orthodontic elastomeric ligatures of different shades when exposed to four food colorings commonly found in the diet of patients. | 2016 | 27733878 |
| color stability of composites after short-term oral simulation: an in vitro study. | although most of the studies investigated color stability of different restorative materials, evaluation of color stability of composites after immersion in multiple beverages in the same day by an in vitro oral simulation study is unclear. | 2016 | 27733871 |
| inhibition of pancreatic lipase and amylase by extracts of different spices and plants. | the aim of this study is to search new anti-obesity and anti-diabetic agents from plant and spices crude extracts as alternative to synthetic drugs. the inhibitory effect of 72 extracts was evaluated, in vitro, on lipase and amylase activities. aqueous extracts of cinnamon and black tea exhibited an appreciable inhibitory effect on pancreatic amylase with ic50 values of 18 and 87 μg, respectively. aqueous extracts of cinnamon and mint showed strong inhibitory effects against pancreatic lipase wi ... | 2017 | 27706951 |
| simultaneous determination of black tea-derived catechins and theaflavins in tissues of tea consuming animals using ultra-performance liquid-chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. | the bioavailability, tissue distribution and metabolic fate of the major tea polyphenols, catechins and theaflavins as well as their gallated derivatives are yet to be precisely elucidated on a single identification platform for assessment of their relative bioefficacy in vivo. this is primarily due to the lack of suitable analytical tools for their simultaneous determination especially in an in vivo setting, which continues to constrain the evaluation of their relative health beneficiary potent ... | 2016 | 27695123 |
| neuroprotective effects of theaflavins against oxidative stress-induced apoptosis in pc12 cells. | oxidative stress can induce neuronal apoptosis via the production of superoxide and hydroxyl radicals. this process is as a major pathogenic mechanism in neurodegenerative disorders. in this study, we aimed to clarify whether theaflavins protect pc12 cells from oxidative stress damage induced by h2o2. a cell model of pc12 cells undergoing oxidative stress was created by exposing cells to 200 μm h2o2 in the presence or absence of varying concentrations of theaflavins (5, 10, and 20 μm). cell viab ... | 2016 | 27686660 |
| in vitro α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of isolated fractions from water extract of qingzhuan dark tea. | natural products have being used as potential inhibitors against carbohydrate-hydrolyzing enzymes to treat diabetes mellitus. chinese dark tea has various interesting bioactivities. in this study, the active compounds from qingzhuan dark tea were separated and their anti-diabetic activity was examined using an in vitro enzymatic model. | 2016 | 27681250 |
| green synthesis of palladium nanoparticles mediated by black tea leaves (camellia sinensis) extract: catalytic activity in the reduction of 4-nitrophenol and suzuki-miyaura coupling reaction under ligand-free conditions. | the present study was conducted to synthesize palladium nanoparticles (pd nps) through a facile and green route using non-toxic and renewable natural black tea leaves (camellia sinensis) extract, as the reducing and stabilizing agent. the as-prepared pd@b.tea nps catalyst was characterized by uv-vis spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction (xrd), fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (ft-ir), field emission scanning electron microscopy (fe-sem), transmission electron microscopy (tem) and energy dispe ... | 2017 | 27665075 |
| colour stabilities of three types of orthodontic clear aligners exposed to staining agents. | the aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the colour stabilities of three types of orthodontic clear aligners exposed to staining agents in vitro. sixty clear orthodontic aligners produced by three manufacturers (invisalign, angelalign, and smartee) were immersed in three staining solutions (coffee, black tea, and red wine) and one control solution (distilled water). after 12-h and 7-day immersions, the aligners were washed in an ultrasonic cleaner and measured with a colourimeter. the c ... | 2016 | 27660048 |
| evaluation of macro- and microelement levels in black tea in view of its geographical origin. | the aim of this study was to evaluate the elemental composition of black tea samples and their infusions in view of their geographical origin. in total, 14 elements were analyzed, 13 (ca, k, mg, na, mn, fe, zn, cu, cr, ni, co, cd, and pb) by flame atomic absorption spectrometry, and p by uv-vis spectrometry, after mineralization of samples. it was found that k was the most abundant macroelement in the analyzed samples, whereas among microelements, the highest concentration was found for mn. base ... | 2017 | 27637916 |
| layer-by-layer thin film of iron phthalocyanine as a simple and fast sensor for polyphenol determination in tea samples. | polyphenols have attracted attention due to their antioxidant capacity and beneficial effects to health. therefore, fast, inexpensive, and efficient methods to discriminate and to quantify polyphenols are of interest for food industry. in this paper, layer-by-layer films of poly(allylamine hydrochloride) and iron tetrasulfonated phthalocyanine were employed as sensor for determination of polyphenols in green tea (camellia sinensis), and green and roasted mate teas (ilex paraguariensis). the poly ... | 2016 | 27636549 |
| analysis of theanine in tea (camellia sinensis) dietary ingredients and supplements by high-performance liquid chromatography with postcolumn derivatization: single-laboratory validation, first action 2016.10. | an hplc method with postcolumn derivatization was developed and validated for the determination of theanine content in tea dietary ingredients and supplements. a variety of common commercially available supplement forms such as powders, liquid tinctures, tablets, softgels, and gelcaps, as well as three national institute of standards and technology camellia sinensis standard reference materials were investigated in the study. a simple extraction procedure using citrate buffer at ph 2.2 allowed f ... | 2016 | 27633949 |
| phenotypic, histological and proteomic analyses reveal multiple differences associated with chloroplast development in yellow and variegated variants from camellia sinensis. | leaf colour variation is observed in several plants. we obtained two types of branches with yellow and variegated leaves from camellia sinensis. to reveal the mechanisms that underlie the leaf colour variations, combined morphological, histological, ionomic and proteomic analyses were performed using leaves from abnormal branches (variants) and normal branches (cks). the measurement of the cie-lab coordinates showed that the brightness and yellowness of the variants were more intense than the ck ... | 2016 | 27633059 |
| brassinosteroids improve quality of summer tea (camellia sinensis l.) by balancing biosynthesis of polyphenols and amino acids. | summer grown green tea is less popular due to bitterness and high astringency, which are attributed to high levels of tea polyphenols (tp) and low levels of amino acids (aa) in tea leaves (camellia sinensis l.). brassinosteroids (brs), a group of steroidal plant hormones can regulate primary and secondary metabolism in a range of plant species under both normal and stress conditions. however, specific effects of brs on the photosynthesis of tea plants and the quality of summer green tea are larg ... | 2016 | 27625668 |
| insights into the genetic relationships and breeding patterns of the african tea germplasm based on nssr markers and cpdna sequences. | africa is one of the key centers of global tea production. understanding the genetic diversity and relationships of cultivars of african tea is important for future targeted breeding efforts for new crop cultivars, specialty tea processing, and to guide germplasm conservation efforts. despite the economic importance of tea in africa, no research work has been done so far on its genetic diversity at a continental scale. twenty-three nssrs and three plastid dna regions were used to investigate the ... | 2016 | 27625655 |
| a literature review of flavonoids and lifespan in model organisms. | epidemiological data on consumption of flavonoid-containing food points to the notion that some of these secondary plant metabolites may favour healthy ageing. the aim of the present paper was to review the literature on lifespan extension by flavonoids in worms, flies and mice. in most studies, worms and flies experienced lifespan extension when supplemented with flavonoids either as extracts or single compounds. studies with mutant worms and flies give hints as to which gene products may be re ... | 2016 | 27609098 |
| biochemical and transcriptomic analyses reveal different metabolite biosynthesis profiles among three color and developmental stages in 'anji baicha' (camellia sinensis). | the new shoots of the albino tea cultivar 'anji baicha' are yellow or white at low temperatures and turn green as the environmental temperatures increase during the early spring. 'anji baicha' metabolite profiles exhibit considerable variability over three color and developmental stages, especially regarding the carotenoid, chlorophyll, and theanine concentrations. previous studies focused on physiological characteristics, gene expression differences, and variations in metabolite abundances in a ... | 2016 | 27609021 |
| mechanism of fenpropathrin resistance in red spider mite, oligonychus coffeae (acarina: tetranychidae), infesting tea [camellia sinensis l. (o. kuntze)]. | red spider mite (rsm), oligonychus coffeae (nietner) (acarina: tetranychidae), has gained special attention in view of their widespread occurrence as a pest on tea [camellia sinensis l. (o. kuntze)]. the development of acaricide (fenpropathrin) resistance has been screened in field populations (fps) of rsms from different tea-growing regions of south india and compared with a laboratory-susceptible population (sp) based on toxicity bioassay, detoxifying enzyme activities, analysis of acetylcholi ... | 2017 | 27604837 |
| inhibition of pancreatic lipase by black tea theaflavins: comparative enzymology and in silico modeling studies. | few studies have examined the effect of black tea (camellia sinensis) theaflavins on obesity-related targets. pancreatic lipase (pl) plays a central role in fat metabolism and is a validated target for weight loss. we compared the inhibitory efficacy of individual theaflavins and explored the underlying mechanism. theaflavin-3,3'-digallate (tfdig), theaflavin-3'-gallate, theaflavin-3-gallate, and theaflavin inhibited pl with ic50 of 1.9, 4.2, 3.0, and >10μmol/l. the presence and location of the ... | 2017 | 27596423 |
| a comparative analysis of chemical compositions in camellia sinensis var. puanensis kurihara, a novel chinese tea, by hplc and uflc-q-tof-ms/ms. | camellia sinensis var. puanensis kurihara (puan tea) is a kind of ancient tea plant newly found in jiangxipo and the surrounding areas of puan county (guizhou, china). people there always believe that drinking puan tea is beneficial to the promotion of health and prevention of diseases. however, detailed information on its compositions has not been reported. therefore, in this study, the varieties and contents of purine alkaloids and polyphenols in puan tea were identified and determined by hplc ... | 2017 | 27596421 |
| soil fluoride fractions and their bioavailability to tea plants (camellia sinensis l.). | drinking teas containing high fluoride (f) imposes fluorosis risk. the soil f bioavailability is an important factor influencing its uptake and contents in teas. the present work was conducted to investigate f fractions in soil and their bioavailability to tea plants. tea seedlings were cultivated on 6 typical soils treated with a mixture consisting of dolomite, lime, peat and kcl at variable rates in the pot experiment. soils and young shoots were collected in pairs from 63 sites of 21 plantati ... | 2016 | 27591762 |
| multivariate data reduction and discrimination of black and green teas due to the physical fractionation pattern of selected metals determined in their infusions. | an analytical scheme for the physical fractionation of al, ba, ca, cr, cu, fe, k, mg, mn, na, ni, sr and zn in black and green teas infusions was proposed. it was based on the ultrafiltration/centrifugation through five membranes having molecular weight cut-offs of 100, 50, 30, 10 and 5kda. the concentrations of the studied metals in the highest and the lowest molecular weight fractions were found to classify and discriminate the analyzed teas infusions much better than the total metals concentr ... | 2016 | 27591619 |
| simultaneous determination of eight catechins and four theaflavins in green, black and oolong tea using new hplc-ms-ms method. | a simple, rapid and accurate analytical method was developed for the analysis of eight tea catechins and four theaflavins simultaneously in three types of tea (green, black and oolong tea), using ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple-quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (hplc-ms-ms) in multiple-reaction monitoring (mrm) mode. this method using hplc-ms-ms in positive mode was performed on a capcell pak c18 mgiii (2.0mm×100mm, 3μm) column (shiseido) with the mobile phase ... | 2016 | 27589031 |
| purple foliage coloration in tea (camellia sinensis l.) arises from activation of the r2r3-myb transcription factor csan1. | purple foliage always appears in camellia sinensis families; however, the transcriptional regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis is unknown. the tea bud sport cultivar 'zijuan' confers an abnormal pattern of anthocyanin accumulation, resulting in a mutant phenotype that has a striking purple color in young foliage and in the stem. in this study, we aimed to unravel the underlying molecular mechanism of anthocyanin biosynthetic regulation in c. sinensis. our results revealed that activation of th ... | 2016 | 27581206 |
| spectroscopic fingerprint of tea varieties by surface enhanced raman spectroscopy. | the fingerprinting method is generally performed to determine specific molecules or the behavior of specific molecular bonds in the desired sample content. a novel, robust and simple method based on surface enhanced raman spectroscopy (sers) was developed to obtain the full spectrum of tea varieties for detection of the purity of the samples based on the type of processing and cultivation. for this purpose, the fingerprint of seven different varieties of tea samples (herbal tea (rose hip, chamom ... | 2016 | 27570296 |
| the odorant (r)-citronellal attenuates caffeine bitterness by inhibiting the bitter receptors tas2r43 and tas2r46. | sensory studies showed the volatile fraction of lemon grass and its main constituent, the odor-active citronellal, to significantly decrease the perceived bitterness of a black tea infusion as well as caffeine solutions. seven citronellal-related derivatives were synthesized and shown to inhibit the perceived bitterness of caffeine in a structure-dependent manner. the aldehyde function at carbon 1, the (r)-configuration of the methyl-branched carbon 3, and a hydrophobic carbon chain were found t ... | 2016 | 27569025 |
| quality evaluation of green tea leaf cultured under artificial light condition using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. | for an experimental model to elucidate the relationship between light quality during plant culture conditions and plant quality of crops or vegetables, we cultured tea plants (camellia sinensis) and analyzed their leaves as tea material. first, metabolic profiling of teas from a tea contest in japan was performed with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (gc/ms), and then a ranking predictive model was made which predicted tea rankings from their metabolite profile. additionally, the importance ... | 2017 | 27568369 |
| anti-adenovirus activity, antioxidant potential, and phenolic content of black tea (camellia sinensis kuntze) extract. | backgroundadenovirus (adv) causes a number of diseases in human, and to date, no specific antiviral therapy is approved against this virus. thus, searching for effective anti-adv agents seems to be an urgent requirement. many studies have shown that components derived from medicinal plants have antiviral activity. therefore, the present study was aimed to evaluate in vitro anti-adv activity and also antioxidant potential and total phenolic compounds of black tea (camellia sinensis) crude extract ... | 2016 | 27567600 |
| elucidation of differential accumulation of 1-phenylethanol in flowers and leaves of tea (camellia sinensis) plants. | 1-phenylethanol (1pe) is a major aromatic volatile in tea (camellia sinensis) flowers, whereas it occurs in a much smaller amounts in leaves. enzymes involved in the formation of 1pe in plants and the reason why 1pe differentially accumulates in plants is unknown. in the present study, enzymes in the last step leading from acetophenone to 1pe were isolated from tea flowers by traditional biochemical chromatography. the two types of partially purified enzymes were proposed to be responsible for f ... | 2016 | 27563859 |
| isolation and dynamic expression of four genes involving in shikimic acid pathway in camellia sinensis 'baicha 1' during periodic albinism. | flavonoids are the main flavor components and functional ingredients in tea, and the shikimic acid pathway is considered as one of the most important pathways in flavonoid biosynthesis, but little was known about the function of regulatory genes in the metabolism phenolic compounds in tea plant (camellia sinensis), especially related genes in shikimic acid pathway. the dynamic changes of catechin (predominant flavonoid) contents were analyzed in this study, and four genes (csppt, csdahps, cssdh ... | 2016 | 27553670 |
| impact of polyphenol-rich sources on acute postprandial glycaemia: a systematic review. | increasingly, evidence suggests a role for polyphenols in blood glucose control. the objective of this systematic review was to evaluate the effect of polyphenol-rich sources in combination with carbohydrate sources on resulting postprandial glycaemic and insulin responses. a literature search was conducted using medline, cinhal and web of science databases. selected studies included randomised controlled trials in which the association of polyphenol-containing food or beverage consumption with ... | 2016 | 27547387 |
| nontargeted modification-specific metabolomics investigation of glycosylated secondary metabolites in tea (camellia sinensis l.) based on liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry. | glycosylation on small molecular metabolites modulates a series of biological events in plants. however, a large number of glycosides have not been discovered and investigated using -omics approaches. here, a general strategy named "nontargeted modification-specific metabolomics" was applied to map the glycosylation of metabolites. the key aspect of this method is to adopt in-source collision-induced dissociation to dissociate the glycosylated metabolite, causing a characteristic neutral loss pa ... | 2016 | 27541009 |
| identification of the invertase gene family (invs) in tea plant and their expression analysis under abiotic stress. | fourteen invertase genes were identified in the tea plant, all of which were shown to participate in regulating growth and development, as well as in responding to various abiotic stresses. invertase (inv) can hydrolyze sucrose into glucose and fructose, which plays a principal role in regulating plant growth and development as well as the plants response to various abiotic and biotic stresses. however, currently, there is a lack of reported information, regarding the roles of invs in either tea ... | 2016 | 27538912 |
| immobilized tannase treatment alters polyphenolic composition in teas and their potential anti-obesity and hypoglycemic activities in vitro. | the aim of this work was to assess the effect of immobilized-tannase treatment on black, green, white and mate tea components and on their bioactivities relevant to obesity. tannase treatment caused predictable changes in polyphenol composition with substantial reduction in galloylated catechins in green, white and black tea. mate tea, which is rich in chlorogenic acids, was much less affected by tannase treatment although some degradation of caffeoyl quinic acid derivatives was noted. the origi ... | 2016 | 27528497 |
| a method for producing superfine black tea powder with enhanced infusion and dispersion property. | tea is rich in healthy components including polyphenols, caffeine, gallic acids, and others. current technology of tea infusion and extraction leads to more than 40% soluble solids wasted in spent leaf. to increase the bioaccessibility of black tea, we report a method of pulverization treatments including general and superfine grinding to reduce the particle size. in comparison with coarsely ground black tea powders (btps), the superfine ground btp with medium diameter 6.9μm resulted in signific ... | 2017 | 27507472 |
| an efficient identification strategy of clonal tea cultivars using long-core motif ssr markers. | microsatellites, or simple sequence repeats (ssrs), especially those with long-core motifs (tri-, tetra-, penta-, and hexa-nucleotide) represent an excellent tool for dna fingerprinting. ssrs with long-core motifs are preferred since neighbor alleles are more easily separated and identified from each other, which render the interpretation of electropherograms and the true alleles more reliable. in the present work, with the purpose of characterizing a set of core ssr markers with long-core motif ... | 2016 | 27504250 |
| factors affecting tea consumption pattern in an urban society in isfahan, iran. | to determine the tea consumption pattern in an urban society in isfahan. | 2016 | 27500166 |
| catechins profile, caffeine content and antioxidant activity of camellia sinensis teas commercialized in romania. | catechins profile, caffeine content and antioxidant activity of different green tea and white tea samples commercialized on the romanian market were investigated. | 2016 | 27483735 |
| suppressive effects of tea catechins on breast cancer. | tea leaf (camellia sinensis) is rich in catechins, which endow tea with various health benefits. there are more than ten catechin compounds in tea, among which epigallocatechingallate (egcg) is the most abundant. epidemiological studies on the association between tea consumption and the risk of breast cancer were summarized, and the inhibitory effects of tea catechins on breast cancer, with egcg as a representative compound, were reviewed in the present paper. the controversial results regarding ... | 2016 | 27483305 |
| theaflavins suppress tumor growth and metastasis via the blockage of the stat3 pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma. | theaflavins, the major black tea polyphenols, have been reported to exhibit promising antitumor activities in several human cancers. however, the role of theaflavins in hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc) is still unknown. in this study, we found that theaflavins could significantly inhibit proliferation, migration, and invasion, and induce apoptosis in hcc cells in vitro. furthermore, we found that theaflavins inhibited the growth and metastasis of hcc in an orthotopic model and a lung metastasis mo ... | 2016 | 27478384 |
| effect of different brewing times on antioxidant activity and polyphenol content of loosely packed and bagged black teas (camellia sinensis l.). | determination and comparison of the effect of infusion time on the antioxidant activity and total polyphenol contents of bagged and loosely packed black teas. | 2017 | 27462554 |
| simultaneous preconcentration of copper and cadmium by dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction using n,n'-bis (2-hydroxy-5-bromo-benzyl)1,2 diaminopropane and their determination by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. | in the present study, the simultaneous preconcentration of copper and cadmium based on dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction as a prior step to their determination using flame atomic absorption spectrometry was developed. carbon tetrachloride and n,n'-bis(2-hydroxy-5-bromo-benzyl)1,2 diaminopropane were used as the extraction solvent and chelating ligand, respectively. some parameters that influence the extraction efficiency-e.g., sample ph, volume of extraction solvent (carbon tetrachloride) ... | 2016 | 27458174 |
| ion imprinted polymer for preconcentration and determination of ultra-trace cadmium, employing flow injection analysis with thermo spray flame furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. | this work proposes a preconcentration method using an ion imprinted polymer (iip) for determination of cadmium, in several samples, employing a mini-column filled with the polymer coupled into a flow injection analysis system with detection by thermospray flame furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (fia-ts-ff-aas). the polymer was synthesized via bulk using methacrylic acid and vinylimidazole as a functional monomer. for the fia system initial assessment, the variables: ph, eluent concentration ... | 2016 | 27449370 |
| therapeutic potential of green tea on risk factors for type 2 diabetes in obese adults - a review. | green tea has been associated with positive effects in the treatment of obesity and other associated comorbidities such as type 2 diabetes. these benefits are thought to be related to the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of green tea and to the reduction in body fat percentage exhibited by its bioactive compounds. the predominant active compounds in green tea are flavonoid monomers known as catechins, in particular epigallocatechin-3-gallate, which is the most abundant and most effectiv ... | 2016 | 27443447 |
| simple isocratic method for simultaneous determination of caffeine and catechins in tea products by hplc. | tea is a popular beverage almost all over the world. many studies show that tea consumption is closely associated with positive health impact. most of the hplc methods used for the determination of tea constituents include gradient elution systems which involve expensive instrumentation. the objective of this study was to develop a simple, rapid precise and low cost hplc method for the separation and quantification of catechins and caffeine in tea (camellia sinensis). the method utilizes a pheny ... | 2016 | 27429880 |
| a tandem mass spectrometry method based on selected ions detects low-abundance phenolics in black tea - theatridimensins as products of the oxidative cascade. | mixtures of phenolics are widespread in plant-derived food products, for instance black tea. detailed compositional analysis of phenolics present is important for quality control. characterization of low-abundance compounds often requires extensive purification; hence, the need for rapid screening methods to annotate compounds in complex mixtures without extensive sample preparation. opportunities of ultra-high performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (uhplc/ms) as tool in a ra ... | 2016 | 27426456 |
| food habits, lifestyle factors, and risk of prostate cancer in central argentina: a case control study involving self-motivated health behavior modifications after diagnosis. | cancer is the second most important non-communicable disease worldwide and disproportionately impacts low- to middle-income countries. diet in combination with other lifestyle habits seems to modify the risk for some cancers but little is known about south americans. food habits of argentinean men pre- and post-diagnosis of prostate cancer (n = 326) were assessed along with other lifestyle factors. we studied whether any of the behaviors and risk factors for prostate cancer were found in men wit ... | 2016 | 27409631 |
| tomato-based randomized controlled trial in prostate cancer patients: effect on psa. | the effect of lycopene-containing foods in prostate cancer development remains undetermined. we tested whether a lycopene-rich tomato intervention could reduce the levels of prostate specific antigen (psa) in prostate cancer patients. | 2016 | 27406859 |
| interfering effect of black tea consumption on diagnosis of pancreatic cancer by ca 19-9. | the study aims to determine the possible effects of black tea consumption on the level of ca 19-9 antigen in the human body. | 2016 | 27402465 |
| [fast detection of camellia sinensis growth process and tea quality informations with spectral technology: a review]. | the research achievements and trends of spectral technology in fast detection of camellia sinensis growth process information and tea quality information were being reviewed. spectral technology is a kind of fast, nondestructive, efficient detection technology, which mainly contains infrared spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, raman spectroscopy and mass spectroscopy. the rapid detection of camellia sinensis growth process information and tea quality is helpful to realize the informatizatio ... | 2016 | 27400523 |
| effects of chronic l-theanine administration in patients with major depressive disorder: an open-label study. | l-theanine, an amino acid uniquely contained in green tea (camellia sinensis), has been suggested to have various psychotropic effects. this study aimed to examine whether l-theanine is effective for patients with major depressive disorder (mdd) in an open-label clinical trial. | 2017 | 27396868 |
| green tea (camellia sinensis): chemistry and oral health. | green tea is a widely consumed beverage worldwide. numerous studies have suggested about the beneficial effects of green tea on oral conditions such as dental caries, periodontal diseases and halitosis. however, to date there have not been many review articles published that focus on beneficial effects of green tea on oral disease. the aim of this publication is to summarize the research conducted on the effects of green tea on oral cavity. green tea might help reduce the bacterial activity in t ... | 2016 | 27386001 |
| annotation of different dehydrocatechin oligomers by ms/ms and their occurrence in black tea. | dehydrocatechins (dhc's), oligomeric oxidation products of (epi)catechins, were formed in model incubations of epicatechin with mushroom tyrosinase. dhc oligomers up to tetramers were detected by reversed-phase ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (rp-uhplc-ms) analysis. measurements with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof-ms) showed formation of oligomers up to at least 15 catechin subunits. isomeric dhc's were obtain ... | 2016 | 27380714 |
| developmental changes in carbon and nitrogen metabolism affect tea quality in different leaf position. | leaf position represents a specific developmental stage that influences both photosynthesis and respiration. however, the precise relationships between photosynthesis and respiration in different leaf position that affect tea quality are largely unknown. here, we show that the effective quantum yield of photosystem ii [φpsⅱ] as well as total chlorophyll concentration (tchl) of tea leaves increased gradually with leaf maturity. moreover, respiration rate (rr) together with total nitrogen concentr ... | 2016 | 27380366 |
| new biofunctional effects of the flower buds of camellia sinensis and its bioactive acylated oleanane-type triterpene oligoglycosides. | we review the biofunctional effects of the flower buds of camellia sinensis and c. sinensis var. assamica, such as antihyperlipidemic, antihyperglycemic, antiobesity, and gastroprotective effects in vivo, and antiallergic, pancreatic lipase inhibitory, and amyloid β (aβ) aggregation inhibitory activities in vitro. although the biofunctional effects of tea leaves have been extensively studied, less attention has been given to those of the flowers and seeds of the tea plant. our studies focused on ... | 2016 | 27380283 |
| variations of rhizosphere bacterial communities in tea (camellia sinensis l.) continuous cropping soil by high-throughput pyrosequencing approach. | the goal was to investigate the dynamics of soil bacterial community in the chronosequence tea orchards. | 2016 | 27377624 |
| polymeric black tea polyphenols (pbps) inhibit benzo(a)pyrene and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1- butanone-induced lung carcinogenesis potentially through down-regulation of p38 and akt phosphorylation in a/j mice. | the aim of our study was to evaluate chemopreventive efficacy and possible mechanism of most abundant polyphenolic fraction in black tea, polymeric black tea polyphenols (pbps), in experimental lung carcinogenesis model. effect of 1.5% black tea derived pbps on benzo(a)pyrene [b(a)p] and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (nnk) induced lung lesions were studied over 28 wks. chemopreventive efficacy was studied using decrease in tumor incidence and/or multiplicity and/or delay in the ... | 2017 | 27377358 |
| green tea flavour determinants and their changes over manufacturing processes. | flavour determinants in tea infusions and their changes during manufacturing processes were studied using camellia sinensis cultivars 'bai-sang cha' ('bas') possessing significant floral scents and 'fuding-dabai cha' ('fud') with common green tea odour. metabolite profiling based on odour activity threshold revealed that 'bas' contained higher levels of the active odorants β-ionone, linalool and its two oxides, geraniol, epoxylinalool, decanal and taste determinant catechins than 'fud' (p<0.05). ... | 2016 | 27374591 |
| mineral and metabolic profiles in tea leaves and flowers during flower development. | tea [camellia sinensis (l.) o. kuntze] is one of the most popular non-alcoholic beverage crops in the world, and the physiological processes and gene regulations involved in development in tea plants have been well characterized. however, relatively little is known about the metabolic changes combined with mineral distributions that occur during flower development. here we detected the contents of 11 elements in tea leaves and flowers and found that, some of them, especially phosphorus, sulfur a ... | 2016 | 27372442 |
| gene expression analysis of bud and leaf color in tea. | purple shoot tea attributing to the high anthocyanin accumulation is of great interest for its wide health benefits. to better understand potential mechanisms involved in purple buds and leaves formation in tea plants, we performed transcriptome analysis of six green or purple shoot tea individuals from a f1 population using the illumina sequencing method. totally 292 million rna-seq reads were obtained and assembled into 112,233 unigenes, with an average length of 759 bp and an n50 of 1081 bp. ... | 2016 | 27362295 |
| tea flavonoids for bone health: from animals to humans. | osteoporosis is a skeletal disease characterized by a deterioration of bone mass and bone quality that predisposes an individual to a higher risk of fragility fractures. emerging evidence has shown that the risk for low bone mass and osteoporosis-related fractures can be reduced by nutritional approaches aiming to improve bone microstructure, bone mineral density, and strength. tea and its flavonoids, especially those of black tea and green tea, have been suggested to protect against bone loss a ... | 2016 | 27356546 |
| metals content in herbal supplements. | obesity has become an international epidemic. to evaluate the level of metals in extracts of plants prescribed as weight loss supplements, different brands containing camellia sinensis (l.) kuntze, citrus aurantium l., cordia ecalyculata vell, ilex paraguariensis a. st.-hil, cissus quadrangularis l., senna alexandrina mill were purchased in local market, hot acid digested, and analyzed while metal content by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry, icp-oes. quality assurance and ... | 2017 | 27344673 |
| anti-plaque effect of a synergistic combination of green tea and salvadora persica l. against primary colonizers of dental plaque. | green tea (gt), leafs of camellia sinensis var. assamica, is widely consumed as healthy beverage since thousands of years in asian countries. chewing sticks (miswak) of salvadora persica l. (sp) are traditionally used as natural brush to ensure oral health in developing countries. both gt and sp extracts were reported to have anti-bacterial activity against many dental plaque bacteria. however, their combination has never been tested to have anti-bacterial and anti-adherence effect against prima ... | 2016 | 27343694 |