| selection of colour of sticky trap for monitoring adult bean thrips, caliothrips fasciatus (thysanoptera: thripidae). | adult bean thrips, caliothrips fasciatus (pergande), overwintering inside the navel of navel oranges shipped from california to australia, are an actionable pest for the importing country, i.e. infested lots are fumigated with methyl bromide. strict quarantine regulations regarding c. fasciatus prompted studies on the best colour sticky trap that might be used to monitor for bean thrips populations in the vicinity of california citrus groves prior to harvesting fruit for export. preliminary expe ... | 2007 | 17125151 |
| developing the sterile insect technique for cryptophlebia leucotreta (lepidoptera: tortricidae): influence of radiation dose and release ratio on fruit damage and population growth in field cages. | the effect of radiation dose and different release ratios of treated (t) to untreated (u) cryptophlebia leucotreta (meyrick) (lepidoptera: tortricidae), on the incidence of fruit damage, the competitiveness of the treated males, and population growth was examined inside field cages. navel orange trees were individually enclosed in large nylon mesh cages. newly emerged adult moths treated with either 150 or 200 gy of gamma radiation were released into the cages at ratios of 5t:1u or 10t:1u. the f ... | 2005 | 16539115 |
| action pattern of valencia orange pme de-esterification of high methoxyl pectin and characterization of modified pectins. | valencia pectinmethylesterase (pme) fractions, b-pme, containing 36 and 13 kda protein bands and u-pme, containing a 36 and 27 kda protein bands, were used to de-esterify original pectin (o-pec) from 73% degree of esterification (%de) to 63% (b-pec) and 61% de (u-pec), respectively. most o-pec eluted from ion exchange chromatography at low salt concentration and a smaller component eluted at higher ionic strength. b-pec and u-pec eluted as one broad peak at higher ionic strength. pme modificatio ... | 2005 | 16216228 |
| identification and aroma impact of norisoprenoids in orange juice. | four norisoprenoids, alpha-ionone, beta-ionone, beta-cyclocitral, and beta-damascenone, along with their putative carotenoid precursors, were identified in valencia orange juice using time-intensity gc-o, gc-ms, and photodiode array hplc. alpha-ionone and beta-cyclocitral are reported in orange juice for the first time. gc-o aroma peaks were categorized into seven groups with similar sensory qualities: citrus/minty, metallic/mushroom/geranium, roasted/cooked/meaty/spice, fatty/soapy/green, sulfu ... | 2005 | 15656678 |
| application of mri to monitor the process of ripening and decay in citrus treated with chitosan solutions. | chitosan is a biopolymer, which has numerous applications in agriculture and agroindustries. coating fruit and vegetables with chitosan has some positive advantages for the long-term storage of foods, because the film of chitosan provides a kind of an active package, which allows a gradual release of preservatives, thus inhibiting fungal growth and maintaining the external appearance of the fruit for a longer time in this study, two varieties of citrus, fortune mandarins and valencia oranges wer ... | 2004 | 14972402 |
| linalool in orange juice: origin and thermal stability. | linalool concentrations were determined in juice from three groups of 60 valencia oranges using pentane:ether extraction and high-resolution capillary gc. the outer peel (flavedo) was removed from one group. the other two groups retained their peel intact. juice was extricated from the halved fruits of the flavedo-less group and from one of the peel-intact groups using a hand reamer. a peel-cutting/macerating juice extractor was used for the other peel-intact group. linalool concentrations were ... | 2003 | 12502407 |
| phenylalanine ammonia lyase gene expression during abscission in citrus. | phenylalanine ammonia lyase (pal) gene expression was examined in fruit and leaf abscission zones of valencia orange for periods up to 72 h after induction of abscission with ethrel(r) (cepa) or the citrus mature fruit-specific abscission material 5-chloro-3-methyl-4-nitro-1h-pyrazole (cmn-p). pal gene expression was detected in mature fruit abscission zones beginning 6 and 24 h after cepa and cmn-p application, respectively, and continued up to 72 h. pal gene expression was detected in leaf abs ... | 2002 | 12207668 |
| clarification of juice by thermolabile valencia pectinmethylesterase is accelerated by cations. | pectinmethylesterase (pme) was isolated from valencia orange pulp and added to reconstituted juice at 1.2 units/ml of juice in the presence or absence of cations at 4.2 or 16.7 mm. the percent transmittance (%t) of control juices with no added pme or cation did not clarify. the %t of juices with added pme and added cation was 45-55% by the second day. increases in the average particle size was observed with pme- or cation-added juices and preceded increases in %t. most likely, cations displaced ... | 2002 | 12083889 |
| enzymatic modification of pectin to increase its calcium sensitivity while preserving its molecular weight. | a commercial high-methoxy citrus pectin was treated with a purified salt-independent pectin methylesterase (pme) isozyme isolated from valencia orange peel to prepare a series of deesterified pectins. a series of alkali-deesterified pectins was also prepared at ph 10 under conditions permitting beta-elimination. analysis of these pectins using high-performance size exclusion chromatography (hpsec) with on-line multiangle laser light-scattering, differential viscometer, and refractive index (ri) ... | 2002 | 11982422 |
| fruit size as a model for teaching first trimester uterine sizing in bimanual examination. | to examine a commonly used fruit-comparison model for teaching uterine sizing by bimanual examination, to compare the sizes of actual fruits with published first trimester uterine ultrasound measurements, and to estimate the degree of provider agreement with this model. | 2001 | 11506855 |
| potential of semiconductor sensor arrays for the origin authentication of pure valencia orange juices. | sensor array is a new method used in aroma analysis. this technique was employed for the differentiation of 49 pure valencia orange juices from 5 different origins representative of the main culture areas of citrus according to their volatile organic fractions. an experimental design was used to set analytical factors, which control the generation of the static headspace; therefore, the preliminary optimization of analytical conditions allows the evaluation of the potential of such an apparatus ... | 2001 | 11453745 |
| characterization of carotenoids in juice of red navel orange (cara cara). | high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detection was applied for the separation and characterization of carotenoids from a red-fleshed navel orange (cara cara). carotenoid pigments were extracted using hexane/acetone/ethanol and saponified using 10% methanolic potassium hydroxide. more than 29 carotenoid pigments were separated within 60 min using a ternary gradient (75% acetonitrile/25% methanol, methyl tert-butyl ether, and water) elution on a c(30) reversed-phase column. ... | 2001 | 11368636 |
| orthophenylphenol and phenylhydroquinone residues in citrus fruit and processed citrus products after postharvest fungicidal treatments with sodium orthophenylphenate in california and florida. | sodium orthophenylphenate (sopp) has been used extensively for >40 years to control postharvest diseases of citrus fruits. studies of the metabolism of [(14)c]sopp have identified orthophenylphenol (opp) as the major metabolite with phenylhydroquinone (phq) as a minor metabolite. the whole-fruit tolerance in the united states for opp is 10 ppm. this study was conducted to quantify terminal opp and phq residues in whole navel oranges, grapefruit, and lemons following sopp applications at maximum ... | 2001 | 11368626 |
| in vitro availability of flavonoids and other phenolics in orange juice. | hand-squeezed navel orange juice contains 839 mg/l phenolics, including flavanones, flavones, and hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives. the flavanones are the main phenolics in the soluble fraction (648.6 mg/l) and are also present in the cloud fraction (104.8 mg/l). during refrigerated storage of fresh juice (4 degrees c), 50% of the soluble flavanones precipitate and integrate into the cloud fraction. commercial orange juices contain only 81-200 mg/l soluble flavanones (15-33%) and the content in ... | 2001 | 11262068 |
| high-temperature forced-air treatment alters the quantity of flavor-related, volatile constituents present in navel and valencia oranges. | a number of volatile compounds that contribute to orange flavor were quantified following high-temperature forced-air (htfa) treatment of the fruit to determine if a relationship exists between the flavor loss that is observed following htfa treatment and the volatile composition of the juice. following different durations of htfa treatment, fruit were stored for a period of 4 weeks and juiced and the juice subjected to headspace analysis using either a tenax/carbotrap column or a solid-phase mi ... | 1999 | 10606592 |
| effect of juice extractor settings on juice cloud stability. | juice was extracted from valencia oranges using three different extractor settings. differential juice cloud stability was observed. soft-extracted juice was the most stable, and hard-extracted juice was the least stable. the medium-extracted juice had intermediate cloud stability. yearly (1997 versus 1998) differences were observed, but the relationship among the juices did not change. addition of protein extracts, obtained from each juice, to pasteurized juice also resulted in differential clo ... | 1999 | 10552577 |
| inactivation of heat-resistant pectinmethylesterase from orange by manothermosonication. | pectinmethylesterase of navel oranges shows two fractions greatly differing in thermostability. the most thermostable fraction accounts for approximately 10% of total activity. the thermal inactivation of this fraction follows first-order kinetics both in 5 mm, ph 3.5, citrate buffer and in orange juice at the same ph, showing a z value of 5.1 degrees c and an activation energy (e(a)) of 435 kj mol(-)(1) k(-)(1). the heat resistance of the enzyme is approximately 25-fold higher in the juice than ... | 1999 | 10563912 |
| influence of immigration on epiphytic bacterial populations on navel orange leaves. | factors that influenced the increase in epiphytic bacterial population size on navel orange leaves during winter months were investigated to test the assumption that such populations were the result of multiplication on orange leaves. the population sizes of bacteria of different kinds, including ice nucleation-active (ice(sup+)) bacteria, were from 6- to 30-fold larger on leaves of navel orange trees adjacent to other plant species than on trees growing near other citrus species. total and ice( ... | 1996 | 16535384 |
| the effect of home processing on postharvest fungicide residues in citrus fruit: residues of imazalil, 2-phenylphenol and thiabendazole in 'home-made' marmalade, prepared from late valencia oranges. | the effects of domestic marmalade-making procedures on residues of imazalil, 2-phenylphenol and thiabendazole in 'sweet' oranges were investigated by comparing residue levels in raw fruit and in marmalades, prepared by heating the oranges with water and sugar for about 4 h in a preserving pan on a gas ring or for about 1 h in a microwave oven. determination of residues in raw oranges and in marmalades was carried out by extraction with dichloromethane, followed by clean-up and reversed phase hpl ... | 2013 | 8181633 |
| aldicarb residues in citrus soil, leaves and fruits. | aldicarb was applied to the soil of late valencia orange field plots. a comparative study between four analytical methods is reported, the npd-gas chromatography method being the best choice. the work also reports the study of accumulation and persistence of aldicarb and its biologically active metabolites in the soil, leaves and fruits (rind and pulp, separately). residue content, at the ppb level, was found in the order leaves much greater than rind greater than pulp. carbamate was found to ac ... | 1990 | 2262036 |
| somatic hybridization in citrus: navel orange (c. sinensis osb.) and grapefruit (c. paradisi macf.). | protoplasts of navel orange, isolated from embryogenic nucellar cell suspension culture, were fused with protoplasts of grapefruit isolated from leaf tissue. the fusion products were cultured in the hormone-free medium containing 0.6 m sucrose. under the culture conditions, somatic embryogenesis of navel orange protoplasts was suppressed, while cell division of grapefruit mesophyll protoplasts was not induced. six embryoids were obtained and three lines regenerated to complete plants through emb ... | 1989 | 24225818 |
| determination of limonin in grapefruit juice and other citrus juices by high-performance liquid chromatography. | a method has been developed for the quantitation of the bitter component limonin in grapefruit juice and other citrus juices. the sample clean-up consisted of centrifugation, filtration and a selective, rapid and reproducible purification with a c2 solid-phase extraction column. the limonin concentration was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography on a c18 column with uv detection at 210 nm. a linear response was obtained from 0.0 to 45 ppm limonin. the minimum detectable amount was ... | 1989 | 2722986 |
| quantitative determination of limonin in citrus juices by hplc using computerized solvent optimization. | the commercially available computer program, drylab, for optimization of separations by high-performance liquid chromatography (hplc) using binary solvent mixtures is used to improve an hplc method for separation of the bitter principle, limonin, in grapefruit and navel orange juices. best conditions for separation of limonin in a reasonable time are 30 to 32% acetonitrile in water at 0.9 ml/min using a 5-micron c18 column 10 cm long. these conditions are used to analyze grapefruit and navel ora ... | 1988 | 3225313 |
| ethion distribution in florida valencia oranges. | | 1988 | 3179522 |
| metabolism of carbosulfan in valencia orange tree leaves and fruit. | | 1984 | 6703784 |
| colorimetric method for field-screening above-tolerance parathion residues on and in citrus fruits. | a colorimetric technique has been developed which is suitable for use as a field-screening method for detecting above-tolerance levels of parathion on and in citrus fruits. by using this method, a grower should be able to postpone harvesting a crop until parathion residues are below tolerance level, so that the crop is safe to market. the method depends on the reaction of parathion with 4-(p-nitrobenzyl)-pyridine. parathion is extracted by mixing chopped citrus rind with acetone in a hand-operat ... | 1983 | 6826495 |
| protein scans of cold-hardened and freeze-injured "valencia" orange leaves. | | 1982 | 7151461 |
| characterization of bound phenthoate residues in citrus. | the metabolism and fate of phenyl ring-labeled 14c-phenthoate (0,0-dimethyl s-[alpha-(carboethoxy)benzyl] phosphorodithioate) was examined in the valencia orange fruit with emphasis on the characterization of bound phenthoate residues in the fruit peel. the products recovered from the citrus fruit wash were unchanged phenthoate, phenthoate oxon, demethyl phenthoate, phenthoate acid, ethyl mandelate, and mandelic acid. the same products, with the exception of phenthoate oxon, were found in the ac ... | 1981 | 7259311 |
| citrus tissue culture : auxins in relation to abscission in excised pistils. | an in vitro bioassay for chemicals that affect citrus abscission was used to identify three inhibitors of stylar abscission in lemon pistil explants incubated on defined nutrient media. the three inhibitors (picloram, 4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid, and 3,5,6-trichloropyridine-2-oxyacetic acid) are all auxins, and the most potent of them (i.e. picloram) was found to be at least 10 times more active in the bioassay than 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. picloram (2 micromolar) also was shown to be effe ... | 1981 | 16661819 |
| nutrients in fresh peeled oranges and grapefruit from california and arizona. | naval oranges, valencia oranges, and grapefruit, representative of the california and arizona citrus crop, were collected over three consecutive growing seasons, and the nutritional composition of their juices was determined. measured as per cent of the u.s. rdas, folic acid, magnesium, vitamin a (oranges only), vitamin b6, thiamin, and ascorbic acid are all supplied in greater proportion than the calories present, while niacin and calcium are supplied in approximately proportionate amounts. | 1980 | 7430512 |
| behavior of parathion residues in the florida "valencia" orange agroecosystem. | | 2013 | 447929 |
| acephate and methamidophos residue behavior in florida citrus, 1976. | the half-life of acephate and its hydrolysate, methamidophos, in the rind of temple and valencia oranges, and grapefruit, lemons, and tangerines was 10.3 days and 10.5 days, respectively. half-lives of acephate and methamidophos in citrus pulp were 15.0 days and 6.1 days, respectively based on 7-, 14-, and 21-day data. seven days after treatment, acephate and methamidophos reached maximum levels in rind and pulp. acephate residue levels in rind were less than 3.0 ppm 14 days after treatment; ace ... | 1979 | 461112 |
| dislodgeable residues of ethion in florida citrus and relationships to weather variables. | five different treatments of ethion on valencia orange trees were compared for decay rates and for ethion monoxon and ethion dioxon production under different environmental conditions. the oxon metabolite levels observed were low and always below the residue level of ethion itself. there were no significant differences in the decay rates of ethion between treatments. a model of ethion decay utilizing environmental variables as a time base is presented. this model explains 94% of the variation ob ... | 1977 | 901006 |
| scanning electron-microscopy of abscission-zone surfaces of valencia-orange fruit. | the scanning electron-microscope was used to obtain a more adequate view of the separation surfaces exposed when the stem was pulled from the fruit of valencia orange. separations were made at 0, 24 and 48 h after ethylene treatment of the fruit. the most noticeable differences are the lessened amount of tearing in proximal vascular bundles at 48 h and decreased rupture of distal parenchyma cells first observed at 24 h. | 1971 | 24493280 |
| distribution of radiocarbon in valencia oranges after treatment with 14 c-cycloheximide. | | 2013 | 5132643 |
| respiratory response, ethylene production, and response to ethylene of citrus fruit during ontogeny. | the initial respiratory rates at 20 centrigrade of detached oranges (valencia and navel), grapefruit, and lemons decreased during ontogeny. small attached oranges respired at the same rate as detached fruits of the same weight, and cutting the pedicel produced no shock or injury stimulus to the respiratory rate. small oranges and grapefruit (average weight about 15 grams) showed pseudoclimacteric respiratory patterns and produced ethylene. the height of the respiratory rise and the amount of eth ... | 1970 | 16657319 |
| constituents of valencia oranges. | | 1969 | 5795080 |
| pyrolysis-gas chromatographic method for polybutene residues on navel oranges. | | 1968 | 24190082 |
| subcellular distribution of fluoride in navel orange leaves. | | 1965 | 5850916 |
| isolation and identification of alcohols in cold-pressed valencia orange oil by liquid-liquid extraction and gas chromatography. | | 1965 | 14274120 |
| regreening of valencia orange as influenced by potassium gibberellate. | | 1962 | 16655704 |
| nondestructive method for estimating chlorophyll content of leaves. | a quantitative relationship is shown to exist between the chlorophyll content of soybean and valencia orange leaves and their percentage reflectance of light of wavelength 625 mmicro as measured by a colorimeter with reflectance attachment. | 1961 | 17754654 |
| effects of calcium, potassium, & magnesium on oxalic, malic, & citric acid content of valencia orange leaf tissue. | | 1961 | 16655480 |
| effect of differential nitrogen, potassium, and magnesium supply to young valencia orange trees in sand culture on mineral composition especially of leaves and fibrous roots. | | 1954 | 16654674 |
| the response of young valencia orange trees to differential boron supply in sand culture. | | 1951 | 16654340 |
| the influence of rootstock on the mineral composition of valencia orange leaves. | | 1949 | 16654236 |
| ether-soluble organic acids of mature valencia orange leaves. | | 1947 | 16654097 |
| absorption of hydrocyanic acid by valencia-orange fruits and leaves fumigated at atmospheric pressure and at partial vacuum. | | 1945 | 16653971 |