| altered intestinal microbiota in patients with chronic pancreatitis: implications in diabetes and metabolic abnormalities. | intestinal dysbiosis and its functional implications in chronic pancreatitis (cp) have not been elaborately studied. we evaluated the taxonomic and functional alterations in intestinal microbiota in 30 well-characterised patients with cp (16 without, 14 with diabetes) and 10 healthy controls. the patients with cp and diabetes had significantly longer disease duration and greater degree of malnutrition. there was increase in plasma endotoxin concentrations from controls to cp non-diabetics to cp ... | 2017 | 28255158 |
| pili-like proteins of akkermansia muciniphila modulate host immune responses and gut barrier function. | gut barrier function is key in maintaining a balanced response between the host and its microbiome. the microbiota can modulate changes in gut barrier as well as metabolic and inflammatory responses. this highly complex system involves numerous microbiota-derived factors. the gut symbiont akkermansia muciniphila is positively correlated with a lean phenotype, reduced body weight gain, amelioration of metabolic responses and restoration of gut barrier function by modulation of mucus layer thickne ... | 2017 | 28249045 |
| nutritional, microbiological and psychosocial implications of the low fodmap diet. | dietary restriction of certain fermentable carbohydrates (low fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides and polyols (fodmap) diet) is effective for managing symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome (ibs). however, there are potential consequences of this diet that relate to its impact on nutritional, microbiological, and health-related quality of life outcomes. evidence suggests that the low fodmap diet leads to some alterations in nutrient intake. for example, carbohydrate intake ... | 2017 | 28244658 |
| microbial anti-inflammatory molecule (mam) from faecalibacterium prausnitzii shows a protective effect on dnbs and dss-induced colitis model in mice through inhibition of nf-κb pathway. | faecalibacterium prausnitzii and its supernatant showed protective effects in different chemically-induced colitis models in mice. recently, we described 7 peptides found in the f. prausnitzii supernatant, all belonging to a protein called microbial anti-inflammatory molecule (mam). these peptides were able to inhibit nf-κb pathway in vitro and showed anti-inflammatory properties in vivo in a dinitrobenzene sulfate (dnbs)-induced colitis model. in this current proof we tested mam effect on nf-κb ... | 2017 | 28203226 |
| differences in gut microbiota profile between women with active lifestyle and sedentary women. | physical exercise is a tool to prevent and treat some of the chronic diseases affecting the world's population. a mechanism through which exercise could exert beneficial effects in the body is by provoking alterations to the gut microbiota, an environmental factor that in recent years has been associated with numerous chronic diseases. here we show that physical exercise performed by women to at least the degree recommended by the world health organization can modify the composition of gut micro ... | 2017 | 28187199 |
| the association of specific constituents of the fecal microbiota with immune-mediated brain disease in dogs. | meningoencephalomyelitis of unknown origin (muo) is a common, naturally-occurring, clinical disease of pet dogs. it is an immune-mediated condition that has many similarities with experimental autoimmune encephalitis (eae) in rodents and so investigation of its pathogenesis may aid in understanding factors that contribute to development of multiple sclerosis in people. gut microbiota are known to modulate immune responses that influence susceptibility to immune-mediated brain disease. in this st ... | 2017 | 28125651 |
| the gut microbiota of siblings offers insights into microbial pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. | siblings of patients with crohn's disease (cd) have elevated risk of developing cd and display aspects of disease phenotype, including faecal dysbiosis. in our recent article we have used 16s rrna gene targeted high-throughput sequencing to comprehensively characterize the mucosal microbiota in healthy siblings of cd patients, and determine the influence of genotypic and phenotypic factors on the gut microbiota (dysbiosis). we have demonstrated that the core microbiota of both patients with cd a ... | 2017 | 28112583 |
| intestinal proportion of blautia sp. is associated with clinical stage and histoprognostic grade in patients with early-stage breast cancer. | improving knowledge about breast cancer etiology is crucial in order to propose prevention strategies for this pathology. gut microbiota is involved in numerous physiopathological situations including cancers. although its potential involvement in breast cancer through the alteration of the enterohepatic circulation of estrogens and/or the metabolism of phytoestrogens has been discussed for some time, it remains to be demonstrated. the present study seeks to strengthen this hypothesis by identif ... | 2017 | 28094541 |
| faecalibacterium prausnitzii: from microbiology to diagnostics and prognostics. | there is an increasing interest in faecalibacterium prausnitzii, one of the most abundant bacterial species found in the gut, given its potentially important role in promoting gut health. although some studies have phenotypically characterized strains of this species, it remains a challenge to determine which factors have a key role in maintaining the abundance of this bacterium in the gut. besides, phylogenetic analysis has shown that at least two different f. prausnitzii phylogroups can be fou ... | 2017 | 28045459 |
| adherence to a mediterranean diet influences the fecal metabolic profile of microbial-derived phenolics in a spanish cohort of middle-age and older people. | despite the evidence regarding the influence of certain polyphenol food sources on the metabolic profile in feces, the association between the different phenolics provided by the diet and the fecal phenolic profile has not been elucidated. in this study, the composition of phenolic metabolites in fecal solutions was analyzed by uplc-esi-ms/ms in 74 volunteers. this fecal phenolic profile showed a high interindividual variation of the different compounds analyzed, phenylacetic and phenylpropionic ... | 2017 | 28029051 |
| mucosa-associated biohydrogenating microbes protect the simulated colon microbiome from stress associated with high concentrations of poly-unsaturated fat. | polyunsaturated fatty acids (pufas) may affect colon microbiome homeostasis by exerting (specific) antimicrobial effects and/or interfering with mucosal biofilm formation at the gut mucosal interface. we used standardized batch incubations and the mucosal-simulator of the human microbial intestinal ecosystem (m-shime) to show the in vitro luminal and mucosal effects of the main pufa in the western diet, linoleic acid (la). high concentrations of la were found to decrease butyrate production and ... | 2017 | 27883264 |
| in vitro fermentation of b-gos: impact on faecal bacterial populations and metabolic activity in autistic and non-autistic children. | children with autism spectrum disorders (asd) often suffer gastrointestinal problems consistent with imbalances in the gut microbial population. treatment with antibiotics or pro/prebiotics has been postulated to regulate microbiota and improve gut symptoms, but there is a lack of evidence for such approaches, especially for prebiotics. this study assessed the influence of a prebiotic galactooligosaccharide (b-gos) on gut microbial ecology and metabolic function using faecal samples from autisti ... | 2017 | 27856622 |
| effects of varying dietary content of fermentable short-chain carbohydrates on symptoms, fecal microenvironment, and cytokine profiles in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. | a diet low in fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols (fodmaps) is increasingly recommended for patients with irritable bowel syndrome (ibs). we aimed to investigate the effects of a blinded low-fodmap vs high-fructo-oligosaccharides (fos) diet on symptoms, immune activation, gut microbiota composition, and short-chain fatty acids (scfas). | 2017 | 27747984 |
| unique features of ethnic mongolian gut microbiome revealed by metagenomic analysis. | the human gut microbiota varies considerably among world populations due to a variety of factors including genetic background, diet, cultural habits and socioeconomic status. here we characterized 110 healthy mongolian adults gut microbiota by shotgun metagenomic sequencing and compared the intestinal microbiome among mongolians, the hans and european cohorts. the results showed that the taxonomic profile of intestinal microbiome among cohorts revealed the actinobaceria and bifidobacterium were ... | 2016 | 27708392 |
| the association between the gut microbiota and the inflammatory bowel disease activity: a systematic review and meta-analysis. | the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases (ibd) involves complex interactions between the microbiome and the immune system. we evaluated the association between the gut microbiota and disease activity in ibd patients. | 2016 | 27687331 |
| gut microbiota of obese, type 2 diabetic individuals is enriched in faecalibacterium prausnitzii, akkermansia muciniphila and peptostreptococcus anaerobius after weight loss. | beside the influence of nutritional habits and reduced physical activity, metabolic syndrome is associated with alterations in the structure of gut microbiota influencing the inflammatory immune responses. gut microbiota and microbial metabolic activities are known to affect the lipid and glucose metabolism, satiety and chronic low-grade inflammation in the metabolic syndrome. the aim of the study was to identify genera or even species affecting host metabolism in obesity and type 2 diabetes bes ... | 2016 | 27577947 |
| role of intestinal flora imbalance in pathogenesis of pouchitis. | to discuss the role of intestinal flora imbalance in the pathogenesis of pouchitis. | 2016 | 27569889 |
| gut microbiota associated with hiv infection is significantly enriched in bacteria tolerant to oxygen. | gut microbiota modifications occurring during hiv infection have recently been associated with inflammation and microbial translocation. however, discrepancies between studies justified a comprehensive analysis performed on a large sample size. | 2016 | 27547442 |
| gut microbial diversity is reduced in smokers with crohn's disease. | smoking has a negative impact on crohn's disease (cd), but the mechanisms underlying this association are unclear. we compared the gut microbiota composition of smoking with nonsmoking patients with cd using a metagenomic approach. | 2016 | 27542127 |
| age-associated effect of kestose on faecalibacterium prausnitzii and symptoms in the atopic dermatitis infants. | although faecalibacterium prausnitzii is a major bacterium in the intestine of adults, which is known to have anti-inflammatory effects, the development in infants or the response to prebiotics remains unclear. | 2016 | 27537603 |
| comparison of the gut microbial community between obese and lean peoples using 16s gene sequencing in a japanese population. | altered gut microbial ecology contributes to the development of metabolic diseases including obesity. in this study, we performed 16s rrna sequence analysis of the gut microbiota profiles of obese and lean japanese populations. the v3-v4 hypervariable regions of 16s rrna of fecal samples from 10 obese and 10 lean volunteers were sequenced using the illumina miseq(tm)ii system. the average body mass index of the obese and lean group were 38.1 and 16.6 kg/m(2), respectively (p<0.01). the shannon d ... | 2016 | 27499582 |
| gut microbiota richness and composition and dietary intake of overweight pregnant women are related to serum zonulin concentration, a marker for intestinal permeability. | increased intestinal permeability may precede adverse metabolic conditions. the extent to which the composition of the gut microbiota and diet contribute to intestinal permeability during pregnancy is unknown. | 2016 | 27466607 |
| bifidobacteria and butyrate-producing colon bacteria: importance and strategies for their stimulation in the human gut. | with the increasing amount of evidence linking certain disorders of the human body to a disturbed gut microbiota, there is a growing interest for compounds that positively influence its composition and activity through diet. besides the consumption of probiotics to stimulate favorable bacterial communities in the human gastrointestinal tract, prebiotics such as inulin-type fructans (itf) and arabinoxylan-oligosaccharides (axos) can be consumed to increase the number of bifidobacteria in the colo ... | 2016 | 27446020 |
| a reduction in the butyrate producing species roseburia spp. and faecalibacterium prausnitzii is associated with chronic kidney disease progression. | the human gut microbiota plays an important role in human health and might also be implicated in kidney disease. the interest in butyrate producing bacteria has recently increased and is a poorly understood faecal condition in chronic kidney disease (ckd). therefore, we evaluated differences of the butyrate producing species roseburia spp. and faecalibacterium prausnitzii in the faeces of chinese patients with ckd. a case-control study was carried out for 65 ckd patients and 20 healthy controls. ... | 2016 | 27431681 |
| faecalibacterium prausnitzii supernatant ameliorates dextran sulfate sodium induced colitis by regulating th17 cell differentiation. | to explore the preventive and therapeutic effects of faecalibacterium prausnitzii (f. prausnitzii) supernatant on dextran sulfate sodium (dss) induced colitis in mice. | 2016 | 27298563 |
| the microbiota in pediatric rheumatic disease: epiphenomenon or therapeutic target? | there has been increasing interest in the contents and function of the microbiota, as it relates to pediatric inflammatory diseases. here, we discuss the factors underlying the development of the microbiota, its role in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (jia) and prospects for therapeutic interventions in the microbiota. | 2016 | 27286235 |
| mucosa-associated ileal microbiota in new-onset pediatric crohn's disease. | the composition of the intestinal microbiome seems relevant to the pathogenesis of crohn's disease (cd), with differences in both diversity and composition of the gut microbiota in patients with cd compared with healthy individuals. however, there are still conflicting reports on the importance of various bacterial taxa in the pathogenesis of cd. the aim of this study was to characterize the composition of mucosa-associated intestinal microbiota in newly diagnosed pediatric patients with cd. | 2016 | 27271491 |
| emerging evidence of the role of gut microbiota in the development of allergic diseases. | the purpose is to review recent studies examining the role of gut microbiota in allergic diseases and asthma. | 2016 | 27253486 |
| ruthenibacterium lactatiformans gen. nov., sp. nov., an anaerobic, lactate-producing member of the family ruminococcaceae isolated from human faeces. | two novel strains of gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped, obligately anaerobic, non-spore-forming, non-motile bacteria were isolated from the faeces of healthy human subjects. the strains, designated as 585-1t and 668, were characterized by mesophilic fermentative metabolism, production of d-lactic acid, succinic acid and acetic acid as end products of d-glucose fermentation, prevalence of c18 : 1ω9, c18 : 1ω9 aldehyde, c16 : 0 and c16 : 1ω7c fatty acids, presence of glycine, glutamic acid, lysine, ... | 2016 | 27154556 |
| faecal metaproteomic analysis reveals a personalized and stable functional microbiome and limited effects of a probiotic intervention in adults. | recent metagenomic studies have demonstrated that the overall functional potential of the intestinal microbiome is rather conserved between healthy individuals. here we assessed the biological processes undertaken in-vivo by microbes and the host in the intestinal tract by conducting a metaproteome analysis from a total of 48 faecal samples of 16 healthy adults participating in a placebo-controlled probiotic intervention trial. half of the subjects received placebo and the other half consumed la ... | 2016 | 27070903 |
| understanding the impact of omega-3 rich diet on the gut microbiota. | background. recently, the importance of the gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of several disorders has gained clinical interests. among exogenous factors affecting gut microbiome, diet appears to have the largest effect. fatty acids, especially omega-3 polyunsaturated, ameliorate a range of several diseases, including cardiometabolic and inflammatory and cancer. fatty acids associated beneficial effects may be mediated, to an important extent, through changes in gut microbiota composition. we s ... | 2016 | 27065349 |
| faecalibacterium prausnitzii phylotypes in type two diabetic, obese, and lean control subjects. | faecalibacterium prausnitzii is one of the main butyrate producers in the healthy human gut. information on its genetic diversity is lacking, although two genetic phylotypes have been differentiated. in the present study, f. prausnitzii phylotypes were examined in faeces of obese and type two diabetes with similar eating behaviour compared to a lean control group. the purpose of the study was to analyse if an excessive butyrate production induced by different f. prausnitzii phylotypes discrimina ... | 2016 | 27048834 |
| anti-tnf therapy response in patients with ulcerative colitis is associated with colonic antimicrobial peptide expression and microbiota composition. | anti-tumour necrosis factor [tnf] therapy is used in patients with ulcerative colitis [uc], but not all patients respond to treatment. antimicrobial peptides [amps] and the gut microbiota are essential for gut homeostasis and may be important for treatment outcome. the aim of this study was to determine amp and microbiota profiles in patients with uc before anti-tnf therapy start and correlate these data to treatment outcome. | 2016 | 26896085 |
| effects of cocoa husk feeding on the composition of swine intestinal microbiota. | a two-diet/two-period change over experiment was performed to investigate the effects of cocoa husks, as a source of dietary fiber and polyphenols, on pig intestinal microbial composition. six pigs were fed a conventional cereal-based diet or a diet obtained by substitution of 7.5% of the conventional diet with cocoa husks for 3 weeks. experimental diets were isoproteic and isoenergetic. at the end of each 3 week testing period, samples of fresh feces were collected and analyzed for microbial co ... | 2016 | 26877143 |
| the colonic microbiome and epithelial transcriptome are altered in rats fed a high-protein diet compared with a normal-protein diet. | a high-protein diet (hpd) can produce hazardous compounds and reduce butyrate-producing bacteria in feces, which may be detrimental to gut health. however, information on whether hpd affects intestinal function is limited. | 2016 | 26843585 |
| quantitative analysis of intestinal flora of uygur and han ethnic chinese patients with ulcerative colitis. | aim. to study the correlation between intestinal flora and ulcerative colitis by analyzing the abundance of bacteroides, fusobacterium, clostridium, bifidobacterium spp., and faecalibacterium prausnitzii in the intestinal of ulcerative colitis (uc) patients and healthy controls with uygur and han ethnic. methods. bacterial genomic dna was extracted from fecal samples and analyzed with real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (pcr) to identify the abundance of bacteroides, fu ... | 2016 | 26839545 |
| anti-nociceptive effect of faecalibacterium prausnitzii in non-inflammatory ibs-like models. | visceral pain and intestinal dysbiosis are associated with irritable bowel syndrome (ibs), a common functional gastrointestinal disorder without available efficient therapies. in this study, a decrease of faecalibacterium prausnitzii presence has been observed in an ibs-like rodent model induced by a neonatal maternal separation (nms) stress. moreover, it was investigated whether f. prausnitzii may have an impact on colonic sensitivity. the a2-165 reference strain, but not its supernatant, signi ... | 2016 | 26775847 |
| modulation of the human gut microbiota by dietary fibres occurs at the species level. | dietary intake of specific non-digestible carbohydrates (including prebiotics) is increasingly seen as a highly effective approach for manipulating the composition and activities of the human gut microbiota to benefit health. nevertheless, surprisingly little is known about the global response of the microbial community to particular carbohydrates. recent in vivo dietary studies have demonstrated that the species composition of the human faecal microbiota is influenced by dietary intake. there i ... | 2016 | 26754945 |
| soluble arabinoxylan enhances large intestinal microbial health biomarkers in pigs fed a red meat-containing diet. | the aim of this study was to investigate how moderately increased dietary red meat combined with a soluble fiber (wheat arabinoxylan [ax]) alters the large intestinal microbiota in terms of fermentative end products and microbial community profiles in pigs. | 2016 | 26740253 |
| [effects of faecalibacterium prausnitzii supernatant on th17 cell and il-17a in dextran sulfate sodium-induced ulcerative colitis mice]. | to explore the protective and therapeutic effects of faecalibacterium prausnitzii (fp) supernatant on ulcerative colitis (uc) in mice induced by dextran sulfate sodium (dss) and the underlying mechanisms. | 2015 | 26739073 |
| faecalibacterium prausnitzii a2-165 has a high capacity to induce il-10 in human and murine dendritic cells and modulates t cell responses. | faecalibacterium prausnitzii strain a2-165 was previously reported to have anti-inflammatory properties and prevent colitis in a tnbs model. we compared the immunomodulatory properties of strain a2-165 to four different f. prausnitzii isolates and eight abundant intestinal commensals using human dendritic cells (dcs) and mouse bmdcs in vitro. principal component analysis revealed that the cytokine response to f. prausnitzii a2-165 is distinct from the other strains in eliciting high amounts of i ... | 2016 | 26725514 |
| oral administration of faecalibacterium prausnitzii decreased the incidence of severe diarrhea and related mortality rate and increased weight gain in preweaned dairy heifers. | probiotics are a promising alternative to improve food animal productivity and health. however, scientific evidence that specific microbes can be used to benefit animal health and performance is limited. the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of administering a live culture of faecalibacterium prausnitzii to newborn dairy calves on subsequent growth, health, and fecal microbiome. initially, a safety trial was conducted using 30 newborn bull calves to assess potential adverse eff ... | 2015 | 26710101 |
| potential association of vacuum cleaning frequency with an altered gut microbiota in pregnant women and their 2-year-old children. | westernized lifestyle and hygienic behavior have contributed to dramatic changes in the human-associated microbiota. this particularly relates to indoor activities such as house cleaning. we therefore investigated the associations between washing and vacuum cleaning frequency and the gut microbiota composition in a large longitudinal cohort of mothers and their children. the gut microbiota composition was determined using 16s ribosomal rna (rrna) gene illumina deep sequencing. | 2015 | 26687338 |
| modulation of the gut microbiota composition by rifaximin in non-constipated irritable bowel syndrome patients: a molecular approach. | rifaximin, with its low systemic absorption, may represent a treatment of choice for irritable bowel syndrome (ibs), mainly due to its ability to act on ibs pathogenesis, through the influence on gut microbiota. the aim of the present study was to assess, by biomolecular tools, the rifaximin active modulation exerted on gut microbiota of non-constipated ibs patients. fifteen non-constipated ibs subjects were treated with 550 mg rifaximin three times a day for 14 days. stool samples were collecte ... | 2015 | 26673000 |
| the presence of the anti-inflammatory protein mam, from faecalibacterium prausnitzii, in the intestinal ecosystem. | | 2016 | 26669616 |
| a simple coculture system shows mutualism between anaerobic faecalibacteria and epithelial caco-2 cells. | most gut bacteria are obligate anaerobes and are important for human health. however, little mechanistic insight is available on the health benefits of specific anaerobic gut bacteria. a main obstacle in generating such knowledge is the lack of simple and robust coculturing methods for anaerobic bacteria and oxygen-requiring human cells. here, we describe the development of a coculture system for intestinal caco-2 cells and an anaerobic symbiont, faecalibacterium prausnitzii, making use of 50 ml ... | 2015 | 26667159 |
| probiotics and inflammatory bowel diseases. | intestinal microbiota is composed by symbiotic innocuous bacteria and potential pathogens also called pathobionts. even if the mechanism of action of intestinal bacteria remain still unknown, specific microbial species seem to have important role in the maintenance of immunological equilibrium in the gut through the direct interaction with immune cells. some studies have found a dysregulated interaction between the intestinal bacteria, the gut barrier, and the intestinal associated immune system ... | 2017 | 26634595 |
| establishing a causal link between gut microbes, body weight gain and glucose metabolism in humans - towards treatment with probiotics. | changes in the gut microbiota are associated with metabolic disorders, such as overweight and elevated blood glucose. mouse studies have shown that gut microbiota can regulate metabolism with a mechanism related to gut barrier function. an impaired gut barrier permits the translocation of bacteria and their components which, when in contact with the sub-mucosal immune system, evoke metabolic inflammation and distract signalling in metabolically active tissues. despite thorough research of the to ... | 2016 | 26565087 |
| probiotics: a proactive approach to health. a symposium report. | this report summarises talks given at the 8th international yakult symposium, held on 23-24 april 2015 in berlin. two presentations explored different aspects of probiotic intervention: the small intestine as a probiotic target and inclusion of probiotics into integrative approaches to gastroenterology. probiotic recommendations in gastroenterology guidelines and current data on probiotic efficacy in paediatric patients were reviewed. updates were given on probiotic and gut microbiota research i ... | 2015 | 26548336 |
| real friends: faecalibacterium prausnitzii supports mucosal immune homeostasis. | | 2016 | 26531718 |
| two healthy diets modulate gut microbial community improving insulin sensitivity in a human obese population. | gut microbiota, which acts collectively as a fully integrated organ in the host metabolism, can be shaped by long-term dietary interventions after a specific diet. | 2016 | 26505825 |
| microbiota-specific cd4cd8αα tregs: role in intestinal immune homeostasis and implications for ibd. | in studies in murine models, active suppression by il-10-secreting foxp3 regulatory t cells (tregs) has emerged as an essential mechanism in colon homeostasis. however, the role of the equivalent subset in humans remains unclear, leading to suggestions that other subsets and/or mechanisms may substitute for foxp3 tregs in the maintenance of colon homeostasis. we recently described a new subset of cd4cd8αα t cells reactive to the gut bacterium faecalibacterium prausnitzii and endowed with regulat ... | 2015 | 26500657 |
| role of the gut microbiome in obesity and diabetes mellitus. | type 2 diabetes mellitus (t2dm) and obesity represent two of the biggest global health challenges of this century and are associated with significant comorbidities and healthcare costs. although multiple factors undoubtedly contribute to the development and progression of dm and obesity, research over the last decade has demonstrated that the microbes that colonize the human gut may play key contributory roles. gut microbes are now known to codevelop with the human host and are strongly influenc ... | 2015 | 26452391 |
| faecalibacterium prausnitzii subspecies-level dysbiosis in the human gut microbiome underlying atopic dermatitis. | atopic dermatitis (ad) is a serious global epidemic associated with a modern lifestyle. | 2016 | 26431583 |
| faecal proteomics: a tool to investigate dysbiosis and inflammation in patients with cystic fibrosis. | several microbial studies reported gut microbiota dysbiosis in patients with cystic fibrosis (cf). the functional consequences of this phenomenon are poorly understood. faecal metaproteomics allows the quantitative analysis of host and microbial proteins to address functional changes resulting from this dysbiosis. | 2016 | 26330184 |
| equol status and changes in fecal microbiota in menopausal women receiving long-term treatment for menopause symptoms with a soy-isoflavone concentrate. | the knowledge regarding the intestinal microbial types involved in isoflavone bioavailability and metabolism is still limited. the present work reports the influence of a treatment with isoflavones for 6 months on the fecal bacterial communities of 16 menopausal women, as determined by culturing and culture-independent microbial techniques. changes in fecal communities were analyzed with respect to the women's equol-producing phenotype. compared to baseline, at 1 and 3 months the counts for all ... | 2015 | 26300856 |
| mucosa-associated faecalibacterium prausnitzii phylotype richness is reduced in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. | faecalibacterium prausnitzii depletion in intestinal diseases has been extensively reported, but little is known about intraspecies variability. this work aims to determine if subjects with gastrointestinal disease host mucosa-associated f. prausnitzii populations different from those hosted by healthy individuals. a new species-specific pcr-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (pcr-dgge) method targeting the 16s rrna gene was developed to fingerprint f. prausnitzii populations in biopsy spec ... | 2015 | 26296733 |
| (1)h nmr spectroscopy of fecal extracts enables detection of advanced colorectal neoplasia. | colorectal cancer (crc) is a growing cause of mortality in developing countries, warranting investigation into its etiopathogenesis and earlier diagnosis. here, we investigated the fecal metabolic phenotype of patients with advanced colorectal neoplasia and controls using (1)h-nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) spectroscopy and multivariate modeling. the fecal microbiota composition was assessed by quantitative real-time pcr as well as wif-1 methylation levels in stools, serum, and urine and corre ... | 2015 | 26211820 |
| structural analysis of a class iii preq1 riboswitch reveals an aptamer distant from a ribosome-binding site regulated by fast dynamics. | preq1-iii riboswitches are newly identified rna elements that control bacterial genes in response to preq1 (7-aminomethyl-7-deazaguanine), a precursor to the essential hypermodified trna base queuosine. although numerous riboswitches fold as h-type or hlout-type pseudoknots that integrate ligand-binding and regulatory sequences within a single folded domain, the preq1-iii riboswitch aptamer forms a hlout-type pseudoknot that does not appear to incorporate its ribosome-binding site (rbs). to unde ... | 2015 | 26106162 |
| randomised clinical trial: gut microbiome biomarkers are associated with clinical response to a low fodmap diet in children with the irritable bowel syndrome. | a low fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides and polyols (fodmap) diet can ameliorate symptoms in adult irritable bowel syndrome (ibs) within 48 h. | 2015 | 26104013 |
| identification of an anti-inflammatory protein from faecalibacterium prausnitzii, a commensal bacterium deficient in crohn's disease. | crohn's disease (cd)-associated dysbiosis is characterised by a loss of faecalibacterium prausnitzii, whose culture supernatant exerts an anti-inflammatory effect both in vitro and in vivo. however, the chemical nature of the anti-inflammatory compounds has not yet been determined. | 2016 | 26045134 |
| the intestinal microbiome in spondyloarthritis. | microbial dysbiosis in the gut is emerging as a common component in various inflammatory disorders including spondyloarthritis (spa). the depth of this influence has begun to be realized with next-generation sequencing of the gut microbiome providing unbiased assessment of previously uncharted bacterial populations. | 2015 | 26002022 |
| faecalibacterium prausnitzii strain htf-f and its extracellular polymeric matrix attenuate clinical parameters in dss-induced colitis. | a decrease in the abundance and biodiversity of intestinal bacteria within the firmicutes phylum has been associated with inflammatory bowel disease (ibd). in particular, the anti-inflammatory bacterium faecalibacterium prausnitzii, member of the firmicutes phylum and one of the most abundant species in healthy human colon, is underrepresented in the microbiota of ibd patients. the aim of this study was to investigate the immunomodulatory properties of f. prausnitzii strain a2-165, the biofilm f ... | 2015 | 25910186 |
| faecalibacterium prausnitzii prevents physiological damages in a chronic low-grade inflammation murine model. | the human gut houses one of the most complex and abundant ecosystems composed of up to 10(13)-10(14) microorganisms. the importance of this intestinal microbiota is highlighted when a disruption of the intestinal ecosystem equilibrium appears (a phenomenon called dysbiosis) leading to an illness status, such as inflammatory bowel diseases (ibd). indeed, the reduction of the commensal bacterium faecalibacterium prausnitzii (one of the most prevalent intestinal bacterial species in healthy adults) ... | 2015 | 25888448 |
| siblings of patients with crohn's disease exhibit a biologically relevant dysbiosis in mucosal microbial metacommunities. | to determine the existence of mucosal dysbiosis in siblings of patients with crohn's disease (cd) using 454 pyrosequencing and to comprehensively characterise and determine the influence of genotypical and phenotypical factors, on that dysbiosis. siblings of patients with cd have elevated risk of developing cd and display aspects of disease phenotype, including faecal dysbiosis. whether the mucosal microbiota is disrupted in these at-risk individuals is unknown. | 2016 | 25856344 |
| recent advances in characterizing the gastrointestinal microbiome in crohn's disease: a systematic review. | the intestinal microbiota is involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. a reduction in the diversity of the intestinal microbiota as well as specific taxonomic and functional shifts have been reported in crohn's disease and may play a central role in the inflammatory process. the aim was to systematically review recent developments in the structural and functional changes observed in the gastrointestinal microbiome in patients with crohn's disease. | 2015 | 25844959 |
| gut microbiota and tacrolimus dosing in kidney transplantation. | tacrolimus dosing to establish therapeutic levels in recipients of organ transplants is a challenging task because of much interpatient and intrapatient variability in drug absorption, metabolism, and disposition. in view of the reported impact of gut microbial species on drug metabolism, we investigated the relationship between the gut microbiota and tacrolimus dosing requirements in this pilot study of adult kidney transplant recipients. serial fecal specimens were collected during the first m ... | 2015 | 25815766 |
| [quantitation of intestinal fusobacterium and butyrate- producing bacteria in patients with colorectal adenomas and colorectal cancer]. | to compare the abundance of 16s rrna gene of intestinal fusobacterium and butyrate-producing bacteria in patients with colorectal adenomas patients and colorectal cancer and to reveal the correlation between the target bacteria and the development of colorectal cancer. | 2014 | 25803901 |
| monosodium l-glutamate and dietary fat differently modify the composition of the intestinal microbiota in growing pigs. | the chinese have been undergone rapid transition to a high-fat diet-consuming lifestyle, while monosodium l-glutamate (msg) is widely used as a daily food additive. it has been reported that fat alters the composition of intestinal microbiota. however, little information is available on the effects of oral msg on intestinal microbiota, and no study was done focusing on the interaction effect of fat and msg with respect to intestinal microbiota. the present study thus aimed to determine the effec ... | 2015 | 25791341 |
| increased gut microbiota diversity and abundance of faecalibacterium prausnitzii and akkermansia after fasting: a pilot study. | an impaired gut microbiota has been reported as an important factor in the pathogenesis of obesity. weight reduction has already been mentioned to improve gut microbial subpopulations involved in inflammatory processes, though other subpopulations still need further investigation. thus, weight reduction in the context of a fasting program together with a probiotic intervention may improve the abundance and diversity of gut microbiota. | 2015 | 25763563 |
| red wine consumption is associated with fecal microbiota and malondialdehyde in a human population. | red wine intake has been associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular disease; its polyphenol content is the primary cause of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties attributed to this beverage. however, the way in which these activities are exerted is not yet clear, although some authors have proposed that intestinal microbiota could be implicated. | 2015 | 25738317 |
| review on microbiota and effectiveness of probiotics use in older. | the aim of the present systematic review is to summarize the existing knowledge about the human microbiota in the elderly and the effects of probiotics in elderly population. the elderly subjects, compared to adult population, show a reduction in the diversity of the microbiota, characterized by a large interindividual variability, with lower numbers of firmicutes, bifidobacteria, clostridium cluster xiv, faecalibacterium prausnitzii, blautia coccoides-eubacterium rectal and higher presence of e ... | 2015 | 25685762 |
| high amount of dietary fiber not harmful but favorable for crohn disease. | current chronic diseases are a reflection of the westernized diet that features a decreased consumption of dietary fiber. indigestible dietary fiber is metabolized by gut bacteria, including faecalibacterium prausnitzii, to butyrate, which has a critical role in colonic homeostasis owing to a variety of functions. dietary fiber intake has been significantly inversely associated with the risk of chronic diseases. crohn disease (cd) is not an exception. however, even authors who reported the inver ... | 2015 | 25663207 |
| gut microbiota composition correlates with changes in body fat content due to weight loss. | genetics, lifestyle, and dietary habits contribute to metabolic syndrome, but also an altered gut microbiota has been identified. based on this knowledge it is suggested that host bacterial composition tends to change in response to dietary factors and weight loss. the aim of this study was to identify bacteria affecting host metabolism in obesity during weight loss and to correlate them with changes of the body composition obtained from bioelectrical impedance analysis (bia). we recruited obese ... | 2015 | 25609655 |
| isolation and characterization of faecalibacterium prausnitzii from calves and piglets. | the goal of our study was to isolate and characterize faecalibacterium prausnitzii from fecal samples of healthy calves and piglets, in order to develop a novel probiotic for livestock animals. we identified 203 isolates of faecalibacterium sp., which were clustered in 40 genetically distinct groups. one representative isolate from each cluster was selected for further characterization. the concentrations of the short chain fatty acids (scfa) acetate, butyrate, propionate and isobutyrate in the ... | 2014 | 25551453 |
| impact of the gut microbiota on rodent models of human disease. | traditionally bacteria have been considered as either pathogens, commensals or symbionts. the mammal gut harbors 10(14) organisms dispersed on approximately 1000 different species. today, diagnostics, in contrast to previous cultivation techniques, allow the identification of close to 100% of bacterial species. this has revealed that a range of animal models within different research areas, such as diabetes, obesity, cancer, allergy, behavior and colitis, are affected by their gut microbiota. co ... | 2014 | 25548471 |
| lactobacillus rhamnosus cncm i-3690 and the commensal bacterium faecalibacterium prausnitzii a2-165 exhibit similar protective effects to induced barrier hyper-permeability in mice. | impaired gut barrier function has been reported in a wide range of diseases and syndromes and in some functional gastrointestinal disorders. in addition, there is increasing evidence that suggests the gut microbiota tightly regulates gut barrier function and recent studies demonstrate that probiotic bacteria can enhance barrier integrity. here, we aimed to investigate the effects of lactobacillus rhamnosus cncm i-3690 on intestinal barrier function. in vitro results using a caco-2 monolayer cell ... | 2015 | 25517879 |
| altered microbiota associated with abnormal humoral immune responses to commensal organisms in enthesitis-related arthritis. | prior studies have established altered microbiota and immunologic reactivity to enteric commensal organisms in inflammatory bowel disease (ibd). since intestinal inflammation is present in a subset of patients with both pediatric and adult spondyloarthritis (spa), we hypothesized that spa patients may also have altered microbiota and immune responsiveness to enteric organisms. | 2014 | 25434931 |
| enteric microbiota leads to new therapeutic strategies for ulcerative colitis. | ulcerative colitis (uc) is a leading form of inflammatory bowel disease that involves chronic relapsing or progressive inflammation. as a significant proportion of uc patients treated with conventional therapies do not achieve remission, there is a pressing need for the development of more effective therapies. the human gut contains a large, diverse, and dynamic population of microorganisms, collectively referred to as the enteric microbiota. there is a symbiotic relationship between the human h ... | 2014 | 25400449 |
| intestinal microbial variation may predict early acute rejection after liver transplantation in rats. | acute rejection (ar) remains a life-threatening complication after orthotopic liver transplantation (olt) and there are few available diagnostic biomarkers clinically for ar. this study aims to identify intestinal microbial profile and explore potential application of microbial profile as a biomarker for ar after olt. | 2014 | 25321166 |
| faecalibacterium prausnitzii inhibits interleukin-17 to ameliorate colorectal colitis in rats. | it has been shown that faecalibacterium prausnitzii (f. prausnitzii), one of the dominant intestinal bacterial flora, may protect colonic mucosa against the development of inflammation and subsequent inflammatory bowel disease (ibd), with the underlying mechanisms being unclear. | 2014 | 25275569 |
| live faecalibacterium prausnitzii in an apical anaerobic model of the intestinal epithelial barrier. | faecalibacterium prausnitzii, an abundant member of the human commensal microbiota, has been proposed to have a protective role in the intestine. however, it is an obligate anaerobe, difficult to co-culture in viable form with oxygen-requiring intestinal cells. to overcome this limitation, a unique apical anaerobic model of the intestinal barrier, which enabled co-culture of live obligate anaerobes with the human intestinal cell line caco-2, was developed. caco-2 cells remained viable and mainta ... | 2015 | 25224879 |
| potential of novel dextran oligosaccharides as prebiotics for obesity management through in vitro experimentation. | the energy-salvaging capacity of the gut microbiota from dietary ingredients has been proposed as a contributing factor for the development of obesity. this knowledge generated interest in the use of non-digestible dietary ingredients such as prebiotics to manipulate host energy homeostasis. in the present study, the in vitro response of obese human faecal microbiota to novel oligosaccharides was investigated. dextrans of various molecular weights and degrees of branching were fermented with the ... | 2014 | 25196744 |
| differential modulation by akkermansia muciniphila and faecalibacterium prausnitzii of host peripheral lipid metabolism and histone acetylation in mouse gut organoids. | the gut microbiota is essential for numerous aspects of human health. however, the underlying mechanisms of many host-microbiota interactions remain unclear. the aim of this study was to characterize effects of the microbiota on host epithelium using a novel ex vivo model based on mouse ileal organoids. we have explored the transcriptional response of organoids upon exposure to short-chain fatty acids (scfas) and products generated by two abundant microbiota constituents, akkermansia muciniphila ... | 2014 | 25118238 |
| systematic review: the role of the gut microbiota in chemotherapy- or radiation-induced gastrointestinal mucositis - current evidence and potential clinical applications. | gastrointestinal mucositis is defined as inflammation and/or ulcers of the gastrointestinal tract occurring as a complication of chemotherapy and radiation therapy, and affects about 50% of all cancer patients. | 2014 | 25040088 |
| high-protein diet modifies colonic microbiota and luminal environment but not colonocyte metabolism in the rat model: the increased luminal bulk connection. | high-protein diets are used for body weight reduction, but consequences on the large intestine ecosystem are poorly known. here, rats were fed for 15 days with either a normoproteic diet (np, 14% protein) or a hyperproteic-hypoglucidic isocaloric diet (hp, 53% protein). cecum and colon were recovered for analysis. short- and branched-chain fatty acids, as well as lactate, succinate, formate, and ethanol contents, were markedly increased in the colonic luminal contents of hp rats (p < 0.05 or les ... | 2014 | 24970777 |
| exploring the influence of the gut microbiota and probiotics on health: a symposium report. | the present report describes the presentations delivered at the 7th international yakult symposium, 'the intestinal microbiota and probiotics: exploiting their influence on health', in london on 22-23 april 2013. the following two themes associated with health risks were covered: (1) the impact of age and diet on the gut microbiota and (2) the gut microbiota's interaction with the host. the strong influence of the maternal gut microbiota on neonatal colonisation was reported, as well as rapid ch ... | 2014 | 24953670 |
| role of faecalibacterium prausnitzii in crohn's disease: friend, foe, or does not really matter? | | 2014 | 24859302 |
| beneficial effects of exclusive enteral nutrition in crohn's disease are not mediated by faecalibacterium prausnitzii. | | 2014 | 24859301 |
| the dual role of mapk pathway in the regulation of intestinal barrier: the role of the commensal bacterium faecalibacterium prausnitzii on this regulation. | | 2014 | 24859300 |
| microbiota and diabetes: an evolving relationship. | the gut microbiota affects numerous biological functions throughout the body and its characterisation has become a major research area in biomedicine. recent studies have suggested that gut bacteria play a fundamental role in diseases such as obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular disease. data are accumulating in animal models and humans suggesting that obesity and type 2 diabetes (t2d) are associated with a profound dysbiosis. first human metagenome-wide association studies demonstrated highly s ... | 2014 | 24833634 |
| association between faecalibacterium prausnitzii reduction and inflammatory bowel disease: a meta-analysis and systematic review of the literature. | background. laboratory data suggests a reduction of faecalibacterium prausnitzii (f. prausnitzii) is confirmed both in fecal samples in inflammatory bowel disease (ibd) patients. numerous observational studies have suspected dysbiosis, an imbalance between protective and harmful bacteria to be relevant to the etiology and pathogenesis of ibd. methods. medline, embase, pubmed, and others. were searched by 2 independent reviewers. of 48 abstracts reviewed, 11 studies met our inclusion criteria (su ... | 2014 | 24799893 |
| antioxidants keep the potentially probiotic but highly oxygen-sensitive human gut bacterium faecalibacterium prausnitzii alive at ambient air. | the beneficial human gut microbe faecalibacterium prausnitzii is a 'probiotic of the future' since it produces high amounts of butyrate and anti-inflammatory compounds. however, this bacterium is highly oxygen-senstive, making it notoriously difficult to cultivate and preserve. this has so far precluded its clinical application in the treatment of patients with inflammatory bowel diseases. the present studies were therefore aimed at developing a strategy to keep f. prausnitzii alive at ambient a ... | 2014 | 24798051 |
| alterations in the intestinal microbiome (dysbiosis) as a predictor of relapse after infliximab withdrawal in crohn's disease. | crohn's disease (cd)-associated dysbiosis could predispose patients to relapse. gut microbiota composition of patients from the prospective cohort study designed to identify predictive factors of clinical relapse after infliximab discontinuation (stori study) was investigated to determine the impact of dysbiosis in cd relapse. | 2014 | 24788220 |
| cd4cd8αα lymphocytes, a novel human regulatory t cell subset induced by colonic bacteria and deficient in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. | how the microbiota affects health and disease is a crucial question. in mice, gut clostridium bacteria are potent inducers of colonic interleukin (il)-10-producing foxp3 regulatory t cells (treg), which play key roles in the prevention of colitis and in systemic immunity. in humans, although gut microbiota dysbiosis is associated with immune disorders, the underlying mechanism remains unknown. in contrast with mice, the contribution of foxp3 treg in colitis prevention has been questioned, sugges ... | 2014 | 24714093 |
| decline in presumptively protective gut bacterial species and metabolites are paradoxically associated with disease improvement in pediatric crohn's disease during enteral nutrition. | the gut microbiota is implicated in the pathogenesis of crohn's disease (cd). exclusive enteral nutrition (een) is a successful treatment, but its mode of action remains unknown. this study assessed serial changes in the fecal microbiota milieu during een. | 2014 | 24651582 |
| ecology and metabolism of the beneficial intestinal commensal bacterium faecalibacterium prausnitzii. | faecalibacterium prausnitzii is a major commensal bacterium, and its prevalence is often decreased in conditions of intestinal dysbiosis. the phylogenic identity of this bacterium was described only recently. it is still poorly characterized, and its specific growth requirements in the human gastrointestinal tract are not known. in this review, we consider f. prausnitzii metabolism, its ecophysiology in both humans and animals, and the effects of drugs and nutrition on its population. we list im ... | 2017 | 24637606 |
| gut-adipose tissue axis in hepatic fat accumulation in humans. | recent evidence suggests that in animals gut microbiota composition (gmc) affects the onset and progression of hepatic fat accumulation. the aim of this study was to investigate in humans whether subjects with high hepatic fat content (hhfc) differ in their gmc from those with low hepatic fat content (lhfc), and whether these differences are associated with body composition, biomarkers and abdominal adipose tissue inflammation. | 2014 | 24613361 |
| microbiota and epigenetic regulation of inflammatory mediators in type 2 diabetes and obesity. | metabolic syndrome is associated with alterations in the structure of the gut microbiota leading to low-grade inflammatory responses. an increased penetration of the impaired gut membrane by bacterial components is believed to induce this inflammation, possibly involving epigenetic alteration of inflammatory molecules such as toll-like receptors (tlrs). we evaluated changes of the gut microbiota and epigenetic dna methylation of tlr2 and tlr4 in three groups of subjects: type 2 diabetics under g ... | 2014 | 24533976 |
| abundance and diversity of gi microbiota rather than igg4 levels correlate with abdominal inconvenience and gut permeability in consumers claiming food intolerances. | food intolerances are an increasing global health problem. interactions between genetics and environmental changes such as microbial- and stress factors remain poorly understood. whereas the analyses of ige mediated allergic responses is based on solid concepts, the roles of microbiota, gut permeability, and igg antibodies remain widely unclear and are under fierce discussion for scientific relevance. the present pilot study analyzes forty participants, under consultation of nutritional health p ... | 2014 | 24502607 |